NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES The accompanying financial statements are presented in U.S. Dollars and conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the annual financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, although the Company believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading. The interim financial statements as of September 30, 2023 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022 respectively, are unaudited. In the opinion of management, the interim financial statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to provide a fair statement of the results for the interim periods. The accompanying balance sheet as of December 31, 2022, is derived from the audited financial statements presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company had $9,208 in cash as of September 30, 2023. The Company had $403,012 in cash as of December 31, 2022 outside of trust account. The Company had no cash equivalents as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Investments Held in Trust Account As of September 30, 2023, substantially all of the assets held in the Trust Account were held in U.S. Treasury Securities Money Market Funds. All of the Company’s investments held in the Trust Account are classified as trading securities. Trading securities are presented on the balance sheet at fair value at the end of each reporting period. Gains and losses resulting from the change in fair value of investments held in Trust Account are included in investment income earned on investments held in Trust in the accompanying statements of operations. The estimated fair values of investments held in Trust Account are determined using available market information. As of September 30, 2023, the estimated fair values of investments held in Trust Account was $64,061,897 as of December 31, 2022, the estimated fair values of investments held in Trust Account was $76,541,453. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for sale of an asset or paid for transfer of a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. GAAP establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). These tiers include:
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Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical instruments in active markets; |
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Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and |
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Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions, such as valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. | In some circumstances, the inputs used to measure fair value might be categorized within different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In those instances, the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following table presents information about the Company’s assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2023 and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques that the Company utilized to determine such fair value:
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Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) |
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Significant other Observable Inputs |
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Significant other Unobservable Inputs |
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Assets |
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Marketable securities held in trust account |
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$ |
64,061,897 |
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$ |
— |
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$ |
— |
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| The following table presents information about the Company’s assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022 and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques that the Company utilized to determine such fair value:
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Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) |
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Significant other Observable Inputs |
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Significant other Unobservable Inputs |
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Assets |
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Marketable securities held in trust account |
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$ |
76,541,453 |
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$ |
— |
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$ |
— |
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| The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Accordingly, the actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Offering Costs Associated with the Initial Public Offering Offering costs consisted of legal, accounting, underwriting fees and other costs incurred through the Initial Public Offering that were directly related to the Initial Public Offering. With the partial exercise of the over-allotment, offering cost amounted to $3,898,030 consisting of $739,286 of up-front underwriting fees and a deferred discount of $2,587,499 and $571,245 of other costs, were charged to additional paid-in capital upon completion of the Public Offering. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company charged $210,873 in offering costs to accumulated deficit. Ordinary Shares Subject to Possible Redemption As discussed in Note 3, all of the 7,392,855 ordinary shares sold as part of the Units in the Initial Public Offering contain a redemption feature which allows for the redemption of such Public Shares in connection with the Company’s liquidation, if there is a stockholder vote or tender offer in connection with the Business Combination and in connection with certain amendments to the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation. In accordance with ASC 480, conditionally redeemable ordinary shares (including ordinary shares that feature redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within the Company’s control) are classified as temporary equity. Ordinary liquidation events, which involve the redemption and liquidation of all of the entity’s equity instruments, are excluded from the provisions of ASC 480. In connection with the shareholders’ vote at the Extraordinary General Meeting on August 9, 2023, 1,550,710 ordinary shares were tendered for redemption. On August 14, 2023, the Company accepted a reversal request for 109,819 shares. As a result, a total of 1,440,891 ordinary shares were redeemed, leaving 5,951,96 ordinary shares subject to possible redemption still outstanding. Accordingly, as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, 5,951,964 and 7,392,855 ordinary shares subject to possible redemption, respectively, at the redemption amount were presented at redemption value as temporary equity, outside of the stockholders’ deficit section of the Company’s balance sheet. In connection with the Annual General Meeting held on October 20, 2023, 824,682 ordinary shares were tendered for redemption, leaving 5,127,282 ordinary shares subject to possible redemption still outstanding. The Company complies with the accounting and reporting requirements of ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes,” which requires an asset and liability approach to financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed for differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in future taxable or deductible amounts, based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. ASC Topic 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company’s management determined that the Cayman Islands is the Company’s major tax jurisdiction. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if any, as income tax expense. There were no unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2023 and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties. The Company is currently no t aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position. The Company is considered to be an exempted Cayman Islands company with no connection to any other taxable jurisdiction and is presently not subject to income taxes or income tax filing requirements in the Cayman Islands or the United States. As such, the Company’s tax provision was zero from inception to September 30, 2023. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-06, Debt — Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging — Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) (“ASU 2020-06”) to simplify accounting for certain financial instruments. ASU 2020-06 eliminates the current models that require separation of beneficial conversion and cash conversion features from convertible instruments and simplifies the derivative scope exception guidance pertaining to equity classification of contracts in an entity’s own equity. The new standard also introduces additional disclosures for convertible debt and freestanding instruments that are indexed to and settled in an entity’s own equity. ASU 2020-06 amends the diluted earnings per share guidance, including the requirement to use the if-converted method for all convertible instruments. ASU 2020-06 is effective January 1, 2024 and should be applied on a full or modified retrospective basis, with early adoption permitted beginning on January 1, 2021. The Company adopted as of inception of the Company. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (ASU 2016-13). ASU 2016-13 requires credit losses on most financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments to be measured using an expected credit loss model (referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model). Under the CECL model entities will estimate credit losses over the entire contractual term of the instrument (considering estimated prepayments, but not expected extensions or modifications unless reasonable expectation of a troubled debt restructuring exists) from the date of initial recognition of that instrument. Further, ASU 2016-13 made certain targeted amendments to the existing impairment standards for available for sale (“AFS”) debt securities. An entity will apply the amendments in ASU 2016-13 through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. The Company adopted the guidance on January 1, 2023 with no impact to the Company’s financial statements or results of operations. Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of a cash account in a financial institution which, at times may exceed the Federal depository insurance coverage of $250,000. On September 30, 2023, the Company had not experienced losses on this account and management believes the Company is not exposed to significant risks on such account. On September 30, 2023, the Company had $9,208 cash held in operating bank account. Net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding for the period. The calculation of diluted income per share does not consider the effect of the warrants issued in connection with the Initial Public Offering and warrants issued as components of the Private Placement Units (the “Private Warrants”) since the exercise of the warrants are contingent upon the occurrence of future events. As a result, diluted income per share is the same as basic income per share for the periods. The following table reflects the calculation of basic and diluted net income per ordinary share: Schedule of Basic and Diluted Net income Per Share
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Net income (loss) |
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$ |
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$ |
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Denominator: weighted average number of ordinary shares |
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9,109,259 |
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6,109,374 |
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9,493,462 |
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3,284,209 |
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Basic and diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
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| Management is currently evaluating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the industry and has concluded that while it is reasonably possible that the virus could have a negative effect on the Company’s financial position, results of its operations, close of the Offering, and/or search for a target company, the specific impact is not readily determinable as of the date of these financial statements. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
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