PMO Putnam Muni Opportunity Trust

Putnam Municipal
Opportunities
Trust

Semiannual report
10 | 31 | 23

 

The fund has adopted a managed distribution policy (the “Distribution Policy”) with the goal of providing shareholders with a consistent, although not guaranteed, monthly distribution. In accordance with the Distribution Policy, the fund currently expects to make monthly distributions to common shareholders at a distribution rate per share of $0.035. Distributions may include ordinary and/or tax-exempt income, net capital gains, and/or a return of capital of your investment in the fund. You should not draw any conclusions about the fund’s investment performance from the amount of this distribution or from the terms of the Distribution Policy. The Distribution Policy provides that the Board of Trustees may amend or terminate the Distribution Policy at any time without prior notice to fund shareholders.

Message from the Trustees

December 14, 2023

Dear Fellow Shareholder:

The U.S. economy has defied expectations of a recession in 2023, with the pace of growth picking up speed in the third quarter. At the same time, volatility in financial markets has increased. Stock prices fell in late summer and early fall. Bond prices also declined during this time, while yields, which move in the opposite direction, rose. In October 2023, the 10-year U.S. Treasury yield, a key benchmark for setting mortgage rates, briefly rose to near 5% for the first time since 2007. Yields then plunged during November and stock prices rallied as markets gained confidence that the Federal Reserve would not lift interest rates again in 2023.

Markets have been pressured by inflation, which has moderated but remains above the Fed’s target rate of 2%. In its continuing effort to bring down inflation, the Fed has indicated short-term interest rates will remain high heading into next year. While the Fed’s restrictive policy rates may keep the risk of recession alive in 2024, the U.S. economy may slow without contracting.

Your investment team is analyzing shifting market conditions, actively navigating risks, and identifying attractive opportunities for your fund. An update on your fund is in the report that follows.

Thank you for investing with Putnam.

Credit qualities are shown as a percentage of the fund’s net assets (common and preferred shares) as of 10/31/23. A bond rated BBB or higher (A-3 or higher, for short-term debt) is considered investment grade. This chart reflects the highest security rating provided by one or more of Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s, and Fitch. Ratings and portfolio credit quality will vary over time. Due to rounding, percentages may not equal 100%.

Cash and net other assets, if any, represent the market value weights of cash, derivatives, and short-term securities in the portfolio. The fund itself has not been rated by an independent rating agency.

CLOSED-END FUNDS OFFER DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS

Closed-end funds have some key characteristics that you should understand as you consider your portfolio strategies.

More assets at work Closed-end funds are typically fixed pools of capital that do not need to hold cash in connection with sales and redemptions, allowing the funds to keep more assets actively invested.

Traded like stocks Closed-end fund shares are traded on stock exchanges.

They have a market price A closed-end fund has a per-share net asset value (NAV) and a market price, which is how much you pay when you buy shares of the fund, and how much you receive when you sell them.

When looking at a closed-end fund’s performance, you will usually see that the NAV and the market price differ. The market price can be influenced by several factors that cause it to vary from the NAV, including fund distributions, changes in supply and demand for the fund’s shares, changing market conditions, and investor perceptions of the fund or its investment manager.

 

Other information for shareholders

Important notice regarding share repurchase program

In September 2023, the Trustees of your fund approved the renewal of a share repurchase program that had been in effect since 2005. This renewal allows your fund to repurchase, in the 365 days beginning October 1, 2023, up to 10% of the fund’s common shares outstanding as of September 30, 2023.

Important notice regarding delivery of shareholder documents

In accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) regulations, Putnam sends a single notice of internet availability, or a single printed copy, of annual and semian-nual shareholder reports, prospectuses, and proxy statements to Putnam shareholders who share the same address, unless a shareholder requests otherwise. If you prefer to receive your own copy of these documents, please call Putnam at 1-800-225-1581, and Putnam will begin sending individual copies within 30 days.

Proxy voting

Putnam is committed to managing our funds in the best interests of our shareholders. The Putnam funds’ proxy voting guidelines and procedures, as well as information regarding how your fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the 12-month period ended June 30, 2023, are available in the Individual Investors section of putnam.com and on the SEC’s website, www.sec.gov. If you have questions about finding forms on the SEC’s website, you may call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. You may also obtain the Putnam funds’ proxy voting guidelines and procedures at no charge by calling Putnam’s Shareholder Services at 1-800-225-1581.

Fund portfolio holdings

The fund will file a complete schedule of its portfolio holdings with the SEC for the first and third quarters of each fiscal year on Form N-PORT within 60 days of the end of such fiscal quarter. Shareholders may obtain the fund’s Form N-PORT on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

Trustee and employee fund ownership

Putnam employees and members of the Board of Trustees place their faith, confidence, and, most importantly, investment dollars in Putnam funds. As of October 31, 2023, Putnam employees had approximately $466,000,000 and the Trustees had approximately $64,000,000 invested in Putnam funds. These amounts include investments by the Trustees’ and employees’ immediate family members as well as investments through retirement and deferred compensation plans.

 

Important notice regarding Putnam’s privacy policy

In order to conduct business with our shareholders, we must obtain certain personal information such as account holders’ names, addresses, Social Security numbers, and dates of birth. Using this information, we are able to maintain accurate records of accounts and transactions.

It is our policy to protect the confidentiality of our shareholder information, whether or not a shareholder currently owns shares of our funds. In particular, it is our policy not to sell information about you or your accounts to outside marketing firms. We have safeguards in place designed to prevent unauthorized access to our computer systems and procedures to protect personal information from unauthorized use.

Under certain circumstances, we must share account information with outside vendors who provide services to us, such as mailings and proxy solicitations. In these cases, the service providers enter into confidentiality agreements with us, and we provide only the information necessary to process transactions and perform other services related to your account. Finally, it is our policy to share account information with your financial representative, if you’ve listed one on your Putnam account.

 

Summary of Putnam closed-end funds’ amended and restated dividend reinvestment plans

Putnam Managed Municipal Income Trust, Putnam Master Intermediate Income Trust, Putnam Municipal Opportunities Trust and Putnam Premier Income Trust (each, a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”) each offer a dividend reinvestment plan (each, a “Plan” and collectively, the “Plans”). If you participate in a Plan, all income dividends and capital gain distributions are automatically reinvested in Fund shares by the Fund’s agent, Putnam Investor Services, Inc. (the “Agent”). If you are not participating in a Plan, every month you will receive all dividends and other distributions in cash, paid by check and mailed directly to you or your intermediary.

Upon a purchase (or, where applicable, upon registration of transfer on the shareholder records of a Fund) of shares of a Fund by a registered shareholder, each such shareholder will be deemed to have elected to participate in that Fund’s Plan. Each such shareholder will have all distributions by a Fund automatically reinvested in additional shares, unless such shareholder elects to terminate participation in a Plan by instructing the Agent to pay future distributions in cash. Shareholders who were not participants in a Plan as of January 31, 2010, will continue to receive distributions in cash but may enroll in a Plan at any time by contacting the Agent.

If you participate in a Fund’s Plan, the Agent will automatically reinvest subsequent distributions, and the Agent will send you a confirmation in the mail telling you how many additional shares were issued to your account.

To change your enrollment status or to request additional information about the Plans, you may contact the Agent either in writing, at P.O. Box 8383, Boston, MA 02266-8383, or by telephone at 1-800-225-1581 during normal East Coast business hours.

How you acquire additional shares through a Plan If the market price per share for your Fund’s shares (plus estimated brokerage commissions) is greater than or equal to their net asset value per share on the payment date for a distribution, you will be issued shares of the Fund at a value equal to the higher of the net asset value per share on that date or 95% of the market price per share on that date.

If the market price per share for your Fund’s shares (plus estimated brokerage commissions) is less than their net asset value per share on the payment date for a distribution, the Agent will buy Fund shares for participating accounts in the open market. The Agent will aggregate open-market purchases on behalf of all participants, and the average price (including brokerage commissions) of all shares purchased by the Agent will be the price per share allocable to each participant. The Agent will generally complete these open-market purchases within five business days following the payment date. If, before the Agent has completed open-market purchases, the market price per share (plus estimated brokerage commissions) rises to exceed the net asset value per share on the payment date, then the purchase price may exceed the net asset value per share, potentially resulting in the acquisition of fewer shares than if the distribution had been paid in newly issued shares.

How to withdraw from a Plan Participants may withdraw from a Fund’s Plan at any time by notifying the Agent, either in writing or by telephone. Such withdrawal will be effective immediately if notice is received by the Agent with sufficient time prior to any distribution record date; otherwise, such withdrawal will be effective with respect to any subsequent distribution following notice of withdrawal. There is no penalty for withdrawing from or not participating in a Plan.

Plan administration The Agent will credit all shares acquired for a participant under a Plan to the account in which the participant’s common shares are held. Each participant will

 

be sent reasonably promptly a confirmation by the Agent of each acquisition made for his or her account.

About brokerage fees Each participant pays a proportionate share of any brokerage commissions incurred if the Agent purchases additional shares on the open market, in accordance with the Plans. There are no brokerage charges applied to shares issued directly by the Funds under the Plans.

About taxes and Plan amendments

Reinvesting dividend and capital gain distributions in shares of the Funds does not relieve you of tax obligations, which are the same as if you had received cash distributions. The Agent supplies tax information to you and to the IRS annually. Each Fund reserves the right to amend or terminate its Plan upon 30 days’ written notice. However, the Agent may assign its rights, and delegate its duties, to a successor agent with the prior consent of a Fund and without prior notice to Plan participants.

If your shares are held in a broker or nominee name If your shares are held in the name of a broker or nominee offering a dividend reinvestment service, consult your broker or nominee to ensure that an appropriate election is made on your behalf. If the broker or nominee holding your shares does not provide a reinvestment service, you may need to register your shares in your own name in order to participate in a Plan.

In the case of record shareholders such as banks, brokers or nominees that hold shares for others who are the beneficial owners of such shares, the Agent will administer the Plan on the basis of the number of shares certified by the record shareholder as representing the total amount registered in such shareholder’s name and held for the account of beneficial owners who are to participate in the Plan.

 

Trustee approval of management contracts

Consideration of your fund’s new and interim management and sub-management contracts

At their meeting on June 23, 2023, the Board of Trustees of your fund, including all of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” (as this term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”)) of the Putnam mutual funds, closed-end funds and exchange-traded funds (collectively, the “funds”) (the “Independent Trustees”) approved, subject to approval by your fund’s shareholders, a new management contract with Putnam Investment Management (“Putnam Management”) and a new sub-management contract between Putnam Management and its affiliate, Putnam Investments Limited (“PIL”) (collectively, the “New Management Contracts”). The Trustees considered the proposed New Management Contracts in connection with the planned acquisition of Putnam U.S. Holdings I, LLC (“Putnam Holdings”) by a subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. (“Franklin Templeton”). The Trustees considered that, on May 31, 2023, Franklin Templeton and Great-West Lifeco Inc., the parent company of Putnam Holdings, announced that they had entered into a definitive agreement for a subsidiary of Franklin Templeton to acquire Putnam Holdings in a stock and cash transaction (the “Transaction”). The Trustees noted that Putnam Holdings was the parent company of Putnam Management and PIL. The Trustees were advised that the Transaction would result in a “change of control” of Putnam Management and PIL and would cause your fund’s current Management Contract with Putnam Management and Sub-Management Contract with PIL (collectively, the “Current Management Contracts”) to terminate in accordance with the 1940 Act. The Trustees considered that the New Management Contracts would take effect upon the closing of the Transaction, which was expected to occur in the fourth quarter of 2023.

In addition to the New Management Contracts, the Trustees also approved interim management and sub-management contracts with Putnam Management and PIL, respectively (the “Interim Management Contracts”), which would take effect in the event that for any reason shareholder approval of a New Management Contract was not received by the time of the Transaction closing. The Trustees considered that each Interim Management Contract that became effective would remain in effect until shareholders approved the proposed New Management Contract, or until 150 days elapse after the closing of the Transaction, whichever occurred first. The considerations and conclusions discussed in connection with the Trustees’ consideration of the New Management Contracts and the continuance of your fund’s Current Management Contracts also apply to the Trustees’ consideration of the Interim Management Contracts, supplemented by consideration of the terms, nature and reason for any Interim Management Contract.

The Independent Trustees met with their independent legal counsel, as defined in Rule 0 – 1(a)(6) under the 1940 Act (their “independent legal counsel”), and representatives of Putnam Management and its parent company, Power Corporation of Canada, to discuss the potential Transaction, including the timing and structure of the Transaction and its implications for Putnam Management and the funds, during their regular meeting on November 18, 2022, and the full Board of Trustees further discussed these matters with representatives of Putnam Management at its regular meeting on December 15, 2022. At a special meeting on December 20, 2022, the full Board of Trustees met with representatives of Putnam Management, Power Corporation of Canada and Franklin Templeton to further discuss the potential Transaction, including Franklin Templeton’s strategic plans for Putnam Management’s asset management business and the funds, potential sources of synergy between Franklin Templeton and Putnam Management, potential areas of partnership between Power Corporation of Canada and Franklin Templeton, Franklin Templeton’s distribution capabilities, Franklin Templeton’s existing service provider relationships and Franklin Templeton’s recent acquisitions of other asset management firms.

In order to assist the Independent Trustees in their consideration of the New Management Contracts and other anticipated impacts of the Transaction on the funds and their shareholders, independent legal counsel for the Independent Trustees furnished an initial information request to Franklin Templeton (the “Initial Franklin Request”). At a special meeting of the full Board of Trustees held on January 25, 2023, representatives of Franklin Templeton addressed the firm’s responses to the Initial Franklin Request. At the

 

meeting, representatives of Franklin Templeton discussed, among other things, the business and financial condition of Franklin Templeton and its affiliates, Franklin Templeton’s U.S. registered fund operations, its recent acquisition history, Franklin Templeton’s intentions regarding the operation of Putnam Management and the funds following the completion of the potential Transaction and expected benefits to the funds and Putnam Management that might result from the Transaction.

The Board of Trustees actively monitored developments with respect to the potential Transaction throughout the period leading up to the public announcement of a final sale agreement on May 31, 2023. The Independent Trustees met to discuss these matters at their regular meetings on January 27, April 20 and May 19, 2023. The full Board of Trustees also discussed developments at their regular meeting on February 23, 2023. Following the public announcement of the Transaction on May 31, 2023, independent legal counsel for the Independent Trustees furnished a supplemental information request (the “Supplemental Franklin Request”) to Franklin Templeton. At the Board of Trustees’ regular in-person meeting held on June 22 – 23, 2023, representatives of Putnam Management and Power Corporation of Canada provided further information regarding, among other matters, the final terms of the Transaction and efforts undertaken to retain Putnam employees. The Contract Committee of the Board of Trustees also met on June 22, 2023 to discuss Franklin Templeton’s responses to the Supplemental Franklin Request. Mr. Reynolds, the only Trustee affiliated with Putnam Management, participated in portions of these meetings to provide the perspective of the Putnam organization, but did not otherwise participate in the deliberations of the Independent Trustees or the Contract Committee regarding the potential Transaction.

After the presentations and after reviewing the written materials provided, the Independent Trustees met at their in-person meeting on June 23, 2023 to consider the New Management Contracts for each fund, proposed to become effective upon the closing of the Transaction, and the filing of a preliminary proxy statement. At this meeting and throughout the process, the Independent Trustees also received advice from their independent legal counsel regarding their responsibilities in evaluating the potential Transaction and the New Management Contracts. The Independent Trustees reviewed the terms of the proposed New Management Contracts and the differences between the New Management Contracts and the Current Management Contracts. They noted that the terms of the proposed New Management Contracts were identical to the Current Management Contracts, except for the effective dates and initial terms.

In considering the approval of the proposed New Management Contracts, the Board of Trustees took into account a number of factors, including:¹

(i) Franklin Templeton’s and Putnam Management’s belief that the Transaction would not adversely affect the funds or their shareholders and their belief that the Transaction was likely to result in certain benefits (described below) for the funds and their shareholders;

(ii) That Franklin Templeton did not intend to make any material change in Putnam Management’s senior investment professionals (other than certain changes related to reporting structure and organization of personnel discussed below), including the portfolio managers of the funds, or to the firm’s operating locations as a result of the Transaction;

(iii) That Franklin Templeton intended for Putnam Management’s equity investment professionals to continue to operate largely independently from Franklin Templeton, reporting to Franklin Templeton’s Head of Public Markets following the Transaction;

(iv) That, while Putnam Management’s organizational structure was not expected to change immediately following the Transaction, Franklin Templeton intended to revise Putnam Management’s reporting structure in order to include Putnam Management’s fixed income investment professionals in Franklin Templeton’s fixed income group and to include Putnam Management’s Global Asset Allocation (“GAA”) investment professionals in Franklin Templeton’s investment solutions group, with both Franklin Templeton groups reporting to Franklin Templeton’s Head of Public Markets;

(v) Franklin Templeton’s expectation that there would not be any changes in the investment

¹ All subsequent references to Putnam Management describing the Board of Trustees’ considerations should be deemed to include references to PIL as necessary or appropriate in the context.

 

objectives, strategies or portfolio holdings of the funds as a result of the Transaction;

(vi) That neither Franklin Templeton nor Putnam Management had any current plans to propose changes to the funds’ existing management fees or expense limitations;

(vii) Franklin Templeton’s and Putnam Management’s representations that, following the Transaction, there was not expected to be any diminution in the nature, quality and extent of services provided to the funds and their shareholders by Putnam Management and PIL, including compliance and other non-advisory services;

(viii) That Franklin Templeton did not currently plan to change the branding of the funds or to change the lineup of funds in connection with the Transaction but would continue to evaluate how best to position the funds in the market;

(ix) The possible benefits accruing to the funds and their shareholders as a result of the Transaction, including:

a. That the scale of Franklin Templeton’s investment operations platform would increase the investment and operational resources available to the funds;

b. That the Putnam open-end funds would benefit from Franklin Templeton’s large retail and institutional global distribution capabilities and significant network of intermediary relationships, which may provide additional opportunities for the funds to increase assets and reduce expenses by spreading expenses over a larger asset base; and

c. Potential benefits to shareholders of the Putnam open-end funds that could result from the alignment of certain fund features and shareholder benefits with those of other funds sponsored by Franklin Templeton and its affiliates and access to a broader array of investment opportunities;

(x) The financial strength, reputation, experience and resources of Franklin Templeton and its investment advisory subsidiaries;

(xi) Franklin Templeton’s expectation that the Transaction would not impact the capabilities or responsibilities of Putnam Management’s Investment Division (other than any impact related to reporting structure changes for Putnam Management’s equity, fixed income and GAA investment groups and to including Putnam Management’s fixed income and GAA investment professionals in existing Franklin Templeton investment groups, as discussed above) and that any changes to the Investment Division over the longer term would be made in order to achieve perceived operational efficiencies or improvements to the portfolio management process;

(xii) Franklin Templeton’s commitment to maintaining competitive compensation arrangements to allow Putnam Management to continue to attract and retain highly qualified personnel and Putnam Management’s and Franklin Templeton’s efforts to retain personnel, including efforts implemented since the Transaction was announced;

(xiii) That the current senior management teams at Putnam Management and Power Corporation of Canada had indicated their strong support of the Transaction and that Putnam Management had recommended that the Board of Trustees approve the New Management Contracts; and

(xiv) Putnam Management’s and Great-West Lifeco Inc.’s commitment to bear all expenses incurred by the funds in connection with the Transaction, including all costs associated with the proxy solicitation in connection with seeking shareholder approval of the New Management Contracts.

Finally, in considering the proposed New Management Contracts, the Board of Trustees also took into account their concurrent deliberations and conclusions, as described below, in connection with their annual review of the funds’ Current Management Contracts and the approval of their continuance, effective July 1, 2023, and the extensive materials that they had reviewed in connection with that review process.

Based upon the foregoing considerations, on June 23, 2023, the Board of Trustees, including all of the Independent Trustees, unanimously approved the proposed New Management Contracts and determined to recommend their approval to the shareholders of the funds.

General conclusions — Current
Management Contracts

The Board of Trustees oversees the management of each fund and, as required by law, determines annually whether to approve the continuance of your fund’s management contract with Putnam Management and the sub-management contract with respect to your fund between Putnam Management and PIL. (Because PIL is an affiliate of

 

Putnam Management and Putnam Management remains fully responsible for all services provided by PIL, the Trustees did not attempt to evaluate PIL as a separate entity.) The Board of Trustees, with the assistance of its Contract Committee, requests and evaluates all information it deems reasonably necessary under the circumstances in connection with its annual contract review. The Contract Committee consists solely of Independent Trustees.

At the outset of the review process, members of the Board of Trustees’ independent staff and independent legal counsel considered any possible changes to the annual contract review materials furnished to the Contract Committee during the course of the previous year’s review and, as applicable, identified those changes to Putnam Management. Following these discussions and in consultation with the Contract Committee, the Independent Trustees’ independent legal counsel requested that Putnam Management and its affiliates furnish specified information, together with any additional information that Putnam Management considered relevant, to the Contract Committee. Over the course of several months ending in June 2023, the Contract Committee met on a number of occasions with representatives of Putnam Management, and separately in executive session, to consider the information that Putnam Management provided. Throughout this process, the Contract Committee was assisted by the members of the Board of Trustees’ independent staff and by independent legal counsel for the funds and the Independent Trustees.

At the Board of Trustees’ June 2023 meeting, the Contract Committee met in executive session to discuss and consider its recommendations with respect to the continuance of the contracts. At that meeting, the Contract Committee also met in executive session with the other Independent Trustees to review a summary of the key financial, performance and other data that the Contract Committee considered in the course of its review. The Contract Committee recommended, and the Independent Trustees approved, the continuance of your fund’s Current Management Contracts, effective July 1, 2023, and the approval of your fund’s New Management Contracts and Interim Management Contracts, as discussed above.

The Independent Trustees’ approvals were based on the following conclusions:

• That the fee schedule in effect for your fund represented reasonable compensation in light of the nature and quality of the services being provided to the fund, the fees paid by competitive funds and the costs incurred by Putnam Management in providing services to the fund; and

• That the fee schedule in effect for your fund represented an appropriate sharing between fund shareholders and Putnam Management of any economies of scale as may exist in the management of the fund at current asset levels.

These conclusions were based on a comprehensive consideration of all information provided to the Trustees and were not the result of any single factor. Some of the factors that figured particularly in the Trustees’ deliberations and how the Trustees considered these factors are described below, although individual Trustees may have evaluated the information presented differently, giving different weights to various factors. It is also important to recognize that the management arrangements for your fund and the other Putnam mutual funds and closed-end funds are the result of many years of review and discussion between the Independent Trustees and Putnam Management, that some aspects of the arrangements may receive greater scrutiny in some years than others and that the Trustees’ conclusions may be based, in part, on their consideration of fee arrangements in previous years. The Trustees also took into account their concurrent deliberations and conclusions, and the materials that they had reviewed, in connection with their approval on June 23, 2023 of the Interim Management Contracts and the New Management Contracts, which had been proposed in light of the Transaction (which would cause the fund’s Current Management Contracts to terminate in accordance with applicable law or the terms of each contract).

Management fee schedules
and total expenses

The Trustees reviewed the management fee schedules in effect for all funds, including fee levels and any breakpoints. Under its management contract, your fund has the benefit of breakpoints in its management fee schedule that provide shareholders with reduced fee rates as the fund’s assets under management increase. The Trustees noted, however, that since closed-end funds typically do not change materially in size through the sale or redemption of shares, these are not likely to have a meaningful impact. The Trustees also reviewed the total expenses of each Putnam fund, recognizing that in most

 

cases management fees represented the major, but not the sole, determinant of total costs to fund shareholders.

In reviewing fees and expenses, the Trustees generally focus their attention on material changes in circumstances — for example, changes in assets under management, changes in a fund’s investment strategy, changes in Putnam Management’s operating costs or profitability, or changes in competitive practices in the fund industry — that suggest that consideration of fee changes might be warranted. The Trustees concluded that the circumstances did not indicate that changes to the management fee schedule for your fund would be appropriate at this time.

The Trustees reviewed comparative fee and expense information for a custom group of competitive funds selected by Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. (“Broadridge”). This comparative information included your fund’s percentile ranking for effective management fees and total expenses, which provides a general indication of your fund’s relative standing. In the custom peer group, your fund ranked in the first quintile in effective management fees (determined for your fund and the other funds in the custom peer group based on fund asset size and the applicable contractual management fee schedule) and in the fourth quintile in total expenses as of December 31, 2022. The first quintile represents the least expensive funds and the fifth quintile the most expensive funds. The fee and expense data reported by Broadridge as of December 31, 2022 reflected the most recent fiscal year-end data available in Broadridge’s database at that time.

In connection with their review of fund management fees and total expenses, the Trustees also reviewed the costs of the services provided and the profits realized by Putnam Management and its affiliates from their contractual relationships with the funds. This information included trends in revenues, expenses and profitability of Putnam Management and its affiliates relating to the investment management and investor services provided to the funds, as applicable. In this regard, the Trustees also reviewed an analysis of the revenues, expenses and profitability of Putnam Management and its affiliates, allocated on a fund-by-fund basis, with respect to (as applicable) the funds’ management and investor servicing contracts. For each fund, the analysis presented information about revenues, expenses and profitability in 2022 for each of the applicable agreements separately and for the agreements taken together on a combined basis. The Trustees concluded that, at current asset levels, the fee schedules in place for each of the funds, including the fee schedule for your fund, represented reasonable compensation for the services being provided and represented an appropriate sharing between fund shareholders and Putnam Management of any economies of scale as may exist in the management of the funds at that time.

The information examined by the Trustees in connection with their annual contract review for the funds included information regarding services provided and fees charged by Putnam Management and its affiliates to other clients, including collective investment trusts offered in the defined contribution and defined benefit retirement plan markets, sub-advised mutual funds, private funds sponsored by affiliates of Putnam Management, model-only separately managed accounts and Putnam Management’s manager-traded separately managed account programs. This information included, in cases where a product’s investment strategy corresponds with a fund’s strategy, comparisons of those fees with fees charged to the funds, as well as an assessment of the differences in the services provided to these clients as compared to the services provided to the funds. The Trustees observed that the differences in fee rates between these clients and the funds are by no means uniform when examined by individual asset sectors, suggesting that differences in the pricing of investment management services to these types of clients may reflect, among other things, historical competitive forces operating in separate marketplaces. The Trustees considered the fact that in many cases fee rates across different asset classes are higher on average for 1940 Act-registered funds than for other clients, and the Trustees also considered the differences between the services that Putnam Management provides to the funds and those that it provides to its other clients. The Trustees did not rely on these comparisons to any significant extent in concluding that the management fees paid by your fund are reasonable.

Investment performance

The quality of the investment process provided by Putnam Management represented a major factor in the Trustees’ evaluation of the quality of services provided by Putnam Management under your fund’s management contract. The Trustees were assisted in their review of Putnam

 

Management’s investment process and performance by the work of the investment oversight committees of the Trustees and the full Board of Trustees, which meet on a regular basis with individual portfolio managers and with senior management of Putnam Management’s Investment Division throughout the year. The Trustees concluded that Putnam Management generally provides a high-quality investment process — based on the experience and skills of the individuals assigned to the management of fund portfolios, the resources made available to them and in general Putnam Management’s ability to attract and retain high-quality personnel — but also recognized that this does not guarantee favorable investment results for every fund in every time period.

The Trustees considered that, in the aggregate, peer-relative and benchmark-relative Putnam fund performance was generally encouraging in 2022 against a backdrop of volatile equity and fixed income markets, driven by factors such as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, increased tensions with China, disruptions in energy markets and broader supply chains, rising inflation and the significant tightening of monetary policy by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve in an effort to combat inflation. The Trustees further noted that, in the face of these numerous economic headwinds, corporate earnings and employment data had been generally robust throughout 2022. For the one-year period ended December 31, 2022, the Trustees noted that the Putnam funds, on an asset-weighted basis, ranked in the 41st percentile of their peers as determined by Lipper Inc. (“Lipper”) and, on an asset-weighted-basis, outperformed their benchmarks by 1.3% gross of fees over the one-year period. The Committee also noted that the funds’ aggregate performance over longer-term periods continued to be strong, with the funds, on an asset-weighted basis, ranking in the 34th, 27th and 22nd percentiles of their Lipper peers over the three-year, five-year and ten-year periods ended December 31, 2022, respectively. The Trustees further noted that the funds, in the aggregate, outperformed their benchmarks on a gross basis for each of the three-year, five-year and ten-year periods. The Trustees also considered the Morningstar Inc. ratings assigned to the funds and that 40 funds were rated four or five stars at the end of 2022, which represented an increase of 15 funds year-over-year. The Trustees also considered that seven funds were five-star rated at the end of 2022, which was a year-over-year decrease of two funds, and that 83% of the funds’ aggregate assets were in four- or five-star rated funds at year end.

In addition to the performance of the individual Putnam funds, the Trustees considered, as they had in prior years, the performance of The Putnam Fund complex versus competitor fund complexes, as reported in the Barron’s/Lipper Fund Families survey (the “Survey”). The Trustees noted that the Survey ranks mutual fund companies based on their performance across a variety of asset types, and that The Putnam Fund complex had performed exceptionally well in 2022. In this regard, the Trustees considered that the funds had ranked 9th out of 49 fund companies, 3rd out of 49 fund companies and 2nd out of 47 fund companies for the one-year, five-year and ten-year periods, respectively. The Trustees also noted that The Putnam Fund complex had been the only fund family to rank in the top ten in all three time periods. They also noted, however, the disappointing investment performance of some Putnam funds for periods ended December 31, 2022 and considered information provided by Putnam Management regarding the factors contributing to the underperformance and, where relevant, actions being taken to improve the performance of these particular funds. The Trustees indicated their intention to continue to monitor the performance of those funds.

For purposes of the Trustees’ evaluation of the Putnam funds’ investment performance, the Trustees generally focus on a competitive industry ranking of each fund’s total net return over a one-year, three-year and five-year period. For a number of Putnam funds with relatively unique investment mandates for which Putnam Management informed the Trustees that meaningful competitive performance rankings are not considered to be available, the Trustees evaluated performance based on their total gross and net returns and comparisons of those returns to the returns of selected investment benchmarks. In the case of your fund, the Trustees considered that its common share cumulative total return performance at net asset value was in the following quartiles of its Lipper peer group (Lipper General & Insured Municipal Debt Funds (Leveraged) (closed-end)) for the one-year, three-year and five-year periods ended December 31, 2022 (the first quartile representing the best-performing funds and the fourth quartile the worst-performing funds):

 

 

Over the one-year, three-year and five-year periods ended December 31, 2022, there were 57, 52 and 48 funds, respectively, in your fund’s Lipper peer group. (When considering performance information, shareholders should be mindful that past performance is not a guarantee of future results.)

The Trustees also considered Putnam Management’s continued efforts to support fund performance through certain initiatives, including structuring compensation for portfolio managers to enhance accountability for fund performance, emphasizing accountability in the portfolio management process and affirming its commitment to a fundamental-driven approach to investing.

Brokerage and soft-dollar allocations; investor servicing

The Trustees considered various potential benefits that Putnam Management may receive in connection with the services it provides under the management contract with your fund. These include benefits related to brokerage allocation and the use of soft dollars, whereby a portion of the commissions paid by a fund for brokerage may be used to acquire research services that are expected to be useful to Putnam Management in managing the assets of the fund and of other clients. Subject to policies established by the Trustees, soft dollars generated by these means are used predominantly to acquire brokerage and research services (including third-party research and market data) that enhance Putnam Management’s investment capabilities and supplement Putnam Management’s internal research efforts. The Trustees indicated their continued intent to monitor regulatory and industry developments in this area with the assistance of their Brokerage Committee. In addition, with the assistance of their Brokerage Committee, the Trustees indicated their continued intent to monitor the allocation of the funds’ brokerage in order to ensure that the principle of seeking best price and execution remains paramount in the portfolio trading process.

Putnam Management may also receive benefits from payments made to Putnam Management’s affiliate by the closed-end funds for investor services. In conjunction with the review of your fund’s management and sub-management contracts, the Trustees reviewed your fund’s investor servicing agreement with Putnam Investor Services, Inc. (“PSERV”), which is an affiliate of Putnam Management. The Trustees concluded that the fees payable by the closed-end funds to PSERV for such services were fair and reasonable in relation to the nature and quality of such services, the fees paid by competitive funds and the costs incurred by PSERV in providing such services. Furthermore, the Trustees were of the view that the investor services provided by PSERV were required for the operation of the closed-end funds, and that they were of a quality at least equal to those provided by other providers.

 

Financial statements

These sections of the report, as well as the accompanying Notes, constitute the fund’s financial statements.

The fund’s portfolio lists all the fund’s investments and their values as of the last day of the reporting period. Holdings are organized by asset type and industry sector, country, or state to show areas of concentration and diversification.

Statement of assets and liabilities shows how the fund’s net assets and share price are determined. All investment and non-investment assets are added together. Any unpaid expenses and other liabilities are subtracted from this total. The result is divided by the number of shares to determine the net asset value per share, which is calculated separately for each class of shares. (For funds with preferred shares, the amount subtracted from total assets includes the liquidation preference of preferred shares.)

Statement of operations shows the fund’s net investment gain or loss. This is done by first adding up all the fund’s earnings — from dividends and interest income — and subtracting its operating expenses to determine net investment income (or loss). Then, any net gain or loss the fund realized on the sales of its holdings — as well as any unrealized gains or losses over the period — is added to or subtracted from the net investment result to determine the fund’s net gain or loss for the fiscal period.

Statement of changes in net assets shows how the fund’s net assets were affected by the fund’s net investment gain or loss, by distributions to shareholders, and by changes in the number of the fund’s shares. It lists distributions and their sources (net investment income or realized capital gains) over the current reporting period and the most recent fiscal year-end. The distributions listed here may not match the sources listed in the Statement of operations because the distributions are determined on a tax basis and may be paid in a different period from the one in which they were earned. Dividend sources are estimated at the time of declaration. Actual results may vary. Any non-taxable return of capital cannot be determined until final tax calculations are completed after the end of the fund’s fiscal period. Dividend sources are estimated at the time of declaration. Actual results may vary. Any non-taxable return of capital cannot be determined until final tax calculations are completed after the end of the fund’s fiscal period.

Financial highlights provide an overview of the fund’s investment results, per-share distributions, expense ratios, net investment income ratios, and portfolio turnover (not required for money market funds) in one summary table, reflecting the five most recent reporting periods. In a semiannual report, the highlights table also includes the current reporting period.

 

The fund’s portfolio 10/31/23 (Unaudited)

Key to holding’s abbreviations

 

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (147.1%)*	Rating**		Principal amount	Value
Alabama (1.3%)
Jefferson Cnty., Swr. Rev. Bonds, Ser. D, 6.50%, 10/1/53	BBB		$2,000,000	$2,077,886
Jefferson, Cnty. Rev. Bonds, (Refunding warrants)
5.00%, 9/15/34	AA+		2,075,000	2,104,394
5.00%, 9/15/33	AA+		275,000	278,903
				4,461,183
Alaska (1.5%)
AK State Indl. Dev. & Export Auth. Rev. Bonds, (Dena’ Nena’ Henash), 4.00%, 10/1/44	A+/F		6,050,000	4,964,945
				4,964,945
Arizona (6.4%)
AZ Indl. Dev. Auth. Student Hsg. Rev. Bonds, (NCCU Properties, LLC Central U.), BAM, 5.00%, 6/1/49	AA		2,000,000	1,932,326
AZ State Indl. Dev. Auth. Charter School Rev. Bonds, (Equitable School Revolving Fund, LLC), 4.00%, 11/1/46	A		2,855,000	2,267,895
AZ State Indl. Dev. Auth. Ed. Rev. Bonds, (KIPP New York, Inc., Jerome Fac.), Ser. B
4.00%, 7/1/61	BBB−		1,380,000	977,117
4.00%, 7/1/41	BBB−		720,000	595,541
AZ State Indl. Dev. Auth. Ed. 144A Rev. Bonds, (BASIS Schools, Inc.), Ser. D, 5.00%, 7/1/51	BB		510,000	417,355
AZ State Indl. Dev. Auth. National Charter School Revolving Loan Fund Rev. Bonds, (Equitable School Revolving Fund, LLC), 5.00%, 11/1/47	A		2,900,000	2,694,835
Maricopa Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Ed. Rev. Bonds
(Reid Traditional Schools Painted Rock Academy), 5.00%, 7/1/36	Baa3		350,000	338,761
(Horizon Cmnty. Learning Ctr.), 5.00%, 7/1/35	BB+		750,000	684,241
Phoenix, Indl. Dev. Auth. Ed. Rev. Bonds, (Great Hearts Academies), 3.75%, 7/1/24	BBB		100,000	98,885
Phoenix, Indl. Dev. Auth. Ed. 144A Rev. Bonds, (BASIS Schools, Inc.), 5.00%, 7/1/35	BB		1,000,000	949,040
Pima Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Sr. Living 144A Rev. Bonds, (La Posada at Park Centre, Inc.)
7.00%, 11/15/57	BBB+/P		350,000	336,855
6.25%, 11/15/35	BBB+/P		1,750,000	1,708,107
Salt River Project Agricultural Impt. & Pwr. Dist. Elec. Syst. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5.00%, 1/1/50	Aa1		5,460,000	5,567,454

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (147.1%)* cont.	Rating**		Principal amount	Value
Arizona cont.
Salt Verde, Fin. Corp. Gas Rev. Bonds, 5.50%, 12/1/29	A3		$1,350,000	$1,381,002
Yavapai Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Hosp. Fac. Rev. Bonds, (Yavapai Regl. Med. Ctr.), 5.00%, 8/1/34	A2		500,000	505,174
				20,454,588
California (15.7%)
Bay Area Toll Auth. Bridge Rev. Bonds, Ser. S-8, BAM, 3.00%, 4/1/54	AA		4,000,000	2,620,153
CA Cmnty. Hsg. Agcy. Essential Hsg. 144A Rev. Bonds, (Aster Apt.), Ser. A-1, 4.00%, 2/1/56	BB+/P		550,000	409,474
CA Hsg. Fin. Agcy. Muni. Certif. Rev. Bonds, Ser. 21-1, Class A, 3.50%, 11/20/35	BBB+		2,019,174	1,748,793
CA State Hlth. Fac. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds, (Cedars-Sinai Med. Ctr.), Ser. A, 3.00%, 8/15/51	Aa3		7,565,000	5,187,989
CA State Muni. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds, (HumanGood CA), 4.00%, 10/1/49	A−/F		2,700,000	2,094,623
CA Statewide Cmnty. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds, (Front Porch Cmnty. & Svcs. Oblig. Group), Ser. A, 3.00%, 4/1/51	A−		3,440,000	2,122,928
CSCDA Cmnty. Impt. Auth. Rev. Bonds, (Pasadena Portfolio), Ser. A-2, 3.00%, 12/1/56	BBB−/P		2,635,000	1,570,558
CSCDA Cmnty. Impt. Auth. 144A Rev. Bonds
(Anaheim), 4.00%, 8/1/56	BB/P		2,870,000	1,962,953
(Jefferson-Anaheim), 3.125%, 8/1/56	BB+/P		1,425,000	874,556
(City of Orange Portfolio), 3.00%, 3/1/57	BBB−/P		650,000	386,742
(Essential Hsg.), Ser. A-2, 3.00%, 2/1/57	BBB−/P		1,900,000	1,127,298
Long Beach, Arpt. Syst. Rev. Bonds, Ser. C, AGM
5.25%, 6/1/47	AA		1,250,000	1,245,538
5.00%, 6/1/42	AA		750,000	727,675
Los Angeles, Cmnty. Fac. Dist. No. 11 Special Tax, 4.00%, 9/1/38	BB/P		1,000,000	844,850
Los Angeles, Dept. of Arpt. Rev. Bonds, 4.00%, 5/15/36	Aa3		500,000	459,404
Regents of the U. of CA Med. Ctr. (The) Rev. Bonds, Ser. P
5.00%, 5/15/42	Aa3		8,170,000	8,425,513
5.00%, 5/15/41	Aa3		10,090,000	10,445,709
San Diego Cnty., COP, 5.00%, 10/1/46	Aa1		2,150,000	2,218,154
San Francisco, City & Cnty. Arpt. Comm. Intl. Arpt. Rev. Bonds, Ser. C, 5.50%, 5/1/39 ##	A1		5,765,000	5,981,162
				50,454,072
Colorado (5.0%)
CO State Hlth. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds, (Covenant Retirement Cmnty.), Ser. A, 5.00%, 12/1/35	A−/F		1,000,000	959,171
CO State Hlth. Fac. Auth. Hosp. Rev. Bonds
(Christian Living Neighborhood), 5.00%, 1/1/37	BB/P		550,000	498,056
(Covenant Living Cmnty. and Svcs. Oblig. Group), 4.00%, 12/1/50	A−/F		2,700,000	1,932,260
Denver City & Cnty., Arpt. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A
5.50%, 11/15/38	Aa3		1,500,000	1,569,731
5.50%, 11/15/35	Aa3		1,500,000	1,594,360

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (147.1%)* cont.	Rating**		Principal amount	Value
Colorado cont.
Denver City & Cnty., Arpt. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A
5.00%, 11/15/37	Aa3		$1,025,000	$1,023,562
4.125%, 11/15/47	Aa3		5,000,000	4,114,456
Pub. Auth. for CO Energy Rev. Bonds, (Natural Gas Purchase), 6.50%, 11/15/38	A1		2,250,000	2,488,345
Regl. Trans. Dist. Rev. Bonds, (Denver Transit Partners, LLC)
4.00%, 7/15/38	Baa1		800,000	709,086
3.00%, 7/15/37	Baa1		850,000	654,231
Sterling Ranch Cmnty. Auth. Board Rev. Bonds, (Metro. Dist. No. 2), Ser. A, 4.25%, 12/1/50	BB/P		550,000	420,113
				15,963,371
Connecticut (1.4%)
CT State Hlth. & Edl. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds, (Yale U.), Ser. A-1, 2.85%, 7/1/42	Aaa		2,500,000	2,500,000
Harbor Point Infrastructure Impt. Dist. 144A Tax Alloc. Bonds, (Harbor Point Ltd.), 5.00%, 4/1/39	BB/P		2,000,000	1,894,878
				4,394,878
District of Columbia (3.6%)
DC Rev. Bonds
(Plenary Infrastructure DC, LLC), 5.50%, 2/28/37	A3		1,500,000	1,569,611
(Plenary Infrastructure DC, LLC), 5.50%, 2/29/36	A3		1,370,000	1,448,858
(Ingleside at Rock Creek), Ser. A, 5.00%, 7/1/52	BB−/P		500,000	375,988
(Two Rivers Pub. Charter School, Inc.), 5.00%, 6/1/50	Baa3		1,500,000	1,217,898
(Latin American Montessori Bilingual Pub. Charter School Oblig. Group), 5.00%, 6/1/40	BB+		2,000,000	1,787,776
(Two Rivers Pub. Charter School, Inc.), 5.00%, 6/1/40	Baa3		1,500,000	1,304,825
Metro. Washington DC, Arpt. Auth. Dulles Toll Rd. Rev. Bonds
(Dulles Metrorail & Cap. Impt. Proj.) 4.00%, 10/1/53 T	A−		1,290,000	985,679
(Dulles Metrorail & Cap. Impt. Proj.) Ser. B, 4.00%, 10/1/44 T	A−		1,285,000	1,051,328
(Metrorail), Ser. A, zero %, 10/1/37	A−		3,700,000	1,763,039
				11,505,002
Florida (6.7%)
FL State Dev. Fin. Corp. Ed. Fac. Rev. Bonds, (River City Ed.)
5.00%, 7/1/57	Baa3		680,000	567,551
5.00%, 7/1/51	Baa3		1,300,000	1,108,710
5.00%, 7/1/42	Baa3		460,000	415,308
FL State Dev. Fin. Corp. Ed. Fac. 144A Rev. Bonds, (Drs. Kiran & Pallavi Patel 2017 Foundation for Global Understanding, Inc.), 4.00%, 7/1/51	BB/P		500,000	370,090
FL State Higher Edl. Fac. Financial Auth. Rev. Bonds
(St. Leo U.), 5.00%, 3/1/44	BB		1,500,000	1,190,815
(Florida Inst. of Tech., Inc.), 4.00%, 10/1/39	BBB−		800,000	663,527
Halifax Hosp. Med. Ctr. Rev. Bonds, 5.00%, 6/1/36	A−		2,250,000	2,170,275

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (147.1%)* cont.	Rating**		Principal amount	Value
Florida cont.
Lakewood Ranch, Stewardship Dist. Special Assmt. Bonds, (Taylor Ranch), 6.30%, 5/1/54	BB−/P		$1,350,000	$1,312,621
Miami-Dade Cnty., Aviation Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5.00%, 10/1/36	A1		5,000,000	4,884,341
Orange Cnty., Hlth. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds, (Presbyterian Retirement Cmntys.), 5.00%, 8/1/34	A−/F		1,350,000	1,313,314
Palm Beach Cnty., 144A Rev. Bonds, (PBAU Hsg.), Ser. A, 5.00%, 4/1/39	Ba1		1,600,000	1,483,560
Palm Beach Cnty., Hlth. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds, (Jupiter Med. Ctr.), Ser. A, 5.00%, 11/1/47	BBB−		1,515,000	1,379,763
Pinellas Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds, (2017 Foundation for Global Understanding, Inc.), 5.00%, 7/1/39	BBB+/P		500,000	462,066
Southeast Overtown Park West Cmnty. Redev. Agcy. 144A Tax Alloc. Bonds, Ser. A-1, 5.00%, 3/1/30	BBB+		360,000	360,084
Village Cmnty. Dev. Dist. No. 15 144A Special Assmt. Bonds, 5.00%, 5/1/43	BB/P		1,000,000	932,725
Village, 144A Special Assmt., (Village Cmnty. Dev. Dist. No. 13), 3.00%, 5/1/35	BB−/P		2,415,000	1,941,256
Volusia Cnty., Edl. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Embry-Riddle Aeronautical U., Inc.), Ser. A, 4.00%, 10/15/39	A2		600,000	518,343
(Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Inc.), Ser. A, 4.00%, 10/15/36	A2		500,000	453,708
				21,528,057
Georgia (3.0%)
Cobb Cnty., Kennestone Hosp. Auth. Rev. Bonds, (WellStar Hlth. Syst.), 5.00%, 4/1/50	A+		1,400,000	1,297,031
Gainesville and Hall Cnty., Hosp. Auth. Rev. Bonds, (Northeast GA Hlth. Syst.), 3.00%, 2/15/51	A		2,330,000	1,507,313
Muni. Election Auth. of GA Rev. Bonds, (Plant Vogtle Units 3 & 4)
AGM, 5.00%, 1/1/62	AA		1,000,000	966,662
5.00%, 1/1/56	BBB+		650,000	591,967
AGM, 5.00%, 7/1/55	AA		1,700,000	1,641,885
AGM, 5.00%, 7/1/53	AA		1,500,000	1,454,472
4.00%, 1/1/51	A2		500,000	399,790
4.00%, 1/1/51	BBB+		425,000	327,928
Paulding Cnty., Hosp. Auth. Rev. Bonds, (WellStar Hlth. Syst.), 5.00%, 4/1/43	A+		1,400,000	1,376,904
				9,563,952
Hawaii (0.5%)
HI State Harbor Syst. Rev. Bonds
Ser. C, 4.00%, 7/1/40	Aa3		300,000	264,384
Ser. A, 4.00%, 7/1/34	Aa3		1,625,000	1,500,795
				1,765,179
Illinois (15.0%)
Chicago, G.O. Bonds, Ser. A, 5.00%, 1/1/35	BBB+		2,500,000	2,536,168
Chicago, Board of Ed. G.O. Bonds
Ser. C, 5.25%, 12/1/39	BB+		2,250,000	2,083,895
Ser. B, 5.00%, 12/1/36	BB+		2,500,000	2,372,072
Ser. H, 5.00%, 12/1/36	BB+		500,000	473,025

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (147.1%)* cont.	Rating**		Principal amount	Value
Illinois cont.
Chicago, O’Hare Intl. Arpt. Rev. Bonds
BAM, 5.25%, 1/1/42	AA		$1,465,000	$1,488,062
BAM, 5.25%, 1/1/41	AA		1,950,000	1,987,209
Ser. A, 5.00%, 1/1/38	A+		100,000	97,830
Ser. A, 5.00%, 1/1/37	A+		300,000	294,199
IL Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds, (U. of IL)
5.25%, 10/1/53	Aa2		2,500,000	2,526,568
5.00%, 10/1/48	Aa2		2,500,000	2,461,388
IL State G.O. Bonds, Ser. A
5.00%, 5/1/38	A3		1,500,000	1,442,232
5.00%, 12/1/31	A3		5,750,000	5,842,568
IL State Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Lifespace Cmntys, Inc.), Ser. A, 5.00%, 5/15/35	BBB/F		1,025,000	881,308
(Riverside Hlth. Syst.), 4.00%, 11/15/34	A+		500,000	460,634
IL State Fin. Auth. Academic Fac. Rev. Bonds, (U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), Ser. A
5.00%, 10/1/44	Aa2		1,100,000	1,032,390
5.00%, 10/1/36	Aa2		600,000	602,204
IL State Fin. Auth. Student Hsg. & Academic Fac. Rev. Bonds
(CHF-Chicago, LLC), 5.00%, 2/15/47	Baa3		2,000,000	1,750,620
(U. of IL-CHF-Chicago, LLC), Ser. A, 5.00%, 2/15/37	Baa3		1,000,000	947,801
Metro. Pier & Exposition Auth. Rev. Bonds
(McCormick Place Expansion), 4.00%, 6/15/50	A		1,000,000	778,452
4.00%, 12/15/47	A		5,000,000	3,963,766
(McCormick Place Expansion), Ser. B, stepped-coupon zero % (4.70%, 6/15/31), 12/15/37 ††	A		1,000,000	654,963
Metro. Pier & Exposition Auth. Dedicated State Tax Rev. Bonds, (McCormick), Ser. A, NATL, zero %, 12/15/30	A		12,000,000	8,542,432
Sales Tax Securitization Corp. Rev. Bonds
(Second Lien), Ser. A, BAM, 5.00%, 1/1/37	AA		1,100,000	1,116,589
Ser. A, 5.00%, 1/1/36	AA−		500,000	509,578
Ser. C, 5.00%, 1/1/35	AA−		1,500,000	1,560,248
Southern IL U. Rev. Bonds, (Hsg. & Auxiliary), Ser. A, NATL, zero %, 4/1/25	Baa2		1,870,000	1,736,290
				48,142,491
Indiana (0.9%)
Hammond, Multi-School Bldg. Corp. Rev. Bonds, 5.00%, 7/15/38	AA+		1,750,000	1,736,824
Silver Creek, School Bldg. Corp. Rev. Bonds, 3.00%, 1/15/42	AA+		1,600,000	1,156,855
				2,893,679
Iowa (0.7%)
IA State Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds, (Lifespace Cmnty., Inc. Oblig. Group), Ser. A, 4.00%, 5/15/46	BBB/F		2,000,000	1,261,286
IA Tobacco Settlement Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. B-1, Class 2, 4.00%, 6/1/49	BBB+		1,015,000	905,696
				2,166,982

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (147.1%)* cont.	Rating**		Principal amount	Value
Kentucky (2.6%)
KY State Property & Bldg. Comm. Rev. Bonds
(No. 127), Ser. A, 5.25%, 6/1/39	A1		$3,000,000	$3,092,060
(No. 122), Ser. A, 4.00%, 11/1/34	A1		750,000	696,037
KY State Pub. Energy Auth. Gas Supply
Mandatory Put Bonds (6/1/25), Ser. C-1, 4.00%, 12/1/49	A1		1,160,000	1,139,967
Mandatory Put Bonds (1/1/25), Ser. B, 4.00%, 1/1/49	A1		3,000,000	2,962,684
Louisville, Regl. Arpt. Auth. Syst. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5.00%, 7/1/31	A+		385,000	381,708
				8,272,456
Louisiana (1.7%)
LA State Offshore Term. Auth. Deepwater Port Mandatory Put Bonds (12/1/23), (Loop, LLC), Ser. A, 1.65%, 9/1/33	A3		1,600,000	1,594,726
St. John The Baptist Parish Mandatory Put Bonds (7/1/26), (Marathon Oil Corp.), Ser. A-3, 2.20%, 6/1/37	Baa3		3,010,000	2,813,525
Tangipahoa Parish, Hosp. Svcs. Rev. Bonds, (North Oaks Hlth. Syst.), 4.00%, 2/1/42	BBB+		1,250,000	999,131
				5,407,382
Maryland (1.0%)
Gaithersburg, Econ. Dev. Rev. Bonds, (Asbury, Oblig. Group), Ser. A, 5.00%, 1/1/36	BBB/F		450,000	418,115
MD Econ. Dev. Corp. Rev. Bonds
(Morgan View & Thurgood Marshall Student Hsg.), Ser. A, 6.00%, 7/1/58	BBB−		1,725,000	1,787,266
(Morgan State U.), 4.25%, 7/1/50	BBB−		1,350,000	1,094,300
				3,299,681
Massachusetts (6.4%)
MA State G.O. Bonds
(Cons. Loan of 2023), Ser. A, 5.00%, 5/1/53	Aa1		5,500,000	5,553,253
Ser. C, 5.00%, 10/1/52	Aa1		6,500,000	6,565,220
MA State Dev. Fin. Agcy. Rev. Bonds
(Milford Regl. Med. Ctr. Oblig. Group), Ser. F, 5.75%, 7/15/43	B+		500,000	448,797
(Intl. Charter School), 5.00%, 4/15/33	BBB−		1,000,000	978,269
MA State Edl. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds, (Ed. Loan — Issue 1), 5.00%, 1/1/27	AA		800,000	801,545
MA State Port Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. B, 4.00%, 7/1/46	Aa2		2,500,000	2,057,175
MA State Trans. Fund Rev. Bonds, (Rail Enhancement Program), Ser. A, 5.00%, 6/1/50	AAA		4,250,000	4,286,015
				20,690,274
Michigan (5.0%)
Detroit, G.O. Bonds
AMBAC, 5.25%, 4/1/24	A−/P		222,425	220,645
(Fin. Recvy.), Ser. B-1, 4.00%, 4/1/44	BB/P		1,700,000	1,158,897
Detroit, City School Dist. G.O. Bonds, Ser. A, AGM, 6.00%, 5/1/29	Aa1		835,000	893,916
Kentwood, Economic Dev. Corp. Rev. Bonds, (Holland Home Oblig. Group), 5.00%, 11/15/37	BBB−/F		1,750,000	1,540,036

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (147.1%)* cont.	Rating**		Principal amount	Value
Michigan cont.
MI State Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds, (Trinity Hlth. Corp.), Ser. A, 4.00%, 12/1/49	Aa3		$3,845,000	$3,142,445
MI State Fin. Auth. Ltd. Oblig. Rev. Bonds, (Lawrence Tech. U.), 4.00%, 2/1/42	BBB−		745,000	548,068
MI State Hsg. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 2.73%, 10/1/59	AA+		1,500,000	804,834
Pontiac City, G.O. Bonds, (Pontiac School Dist.), Q-SBLF
4.00%, 5/1/45 T	Aa1		4,424,000	3,717,822
4.00%, 5/1/50 T	Aa1		4,977,000	4,094,375
				16,121,038
Minnesota (0.6%)
Ramsey, Charter School Rev. Bonds, (PACT Charter School), Ser. A, 5.00%, 6/1/32	BB+		2,000,000	1,905,931
				1,905,931
Missouri (8.3%)
Kansas City, Indl. Dev. Auth. Arpt. Special Oblig. Rev. Bonds
(Kansas City, Intl. Arpt.), AGM, 5.00%, 3/1/57	AA		8,980,000	8,333,609
5.00%, 3/1/46	A2		3,150,000	2,967,418
5.00%, 3/1/35	A2		5,925,000	5,950,729
MI State Hlth. & Edl. Fac. Rev. Bonds
(U. of Hlth. Sciences & Pharmacy in St. Louis), 4.00%, 5/1/43	BBB−		1,150,000	858,369
(U. of Hlth. Sciences & Pharmacy in St. Louis), 4.00%, 5/1/38	BBB−		1,750,000	1,413,073
(U. of Hlth. Sciences & Pharmacy in St. Louis), 4.00%, 5/1/34	BBB−		1,085,000	953,875
MI State Hlth. & Edl. Fac. 144A Rev. Bonds, (U. of Hlth. Sciences & Pharmacy in St. Louis), 4.00%, 5/1/45	BBB−		1,950,000	1,417,367
MO State Hlth. & Edl. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds, (Mercy Hlth.), 5.00%, 12/1/52	A1		3,000,000	2,897,160
St. Louis, Muni. Fin. Corp. Rev. Bonds, AGM, 5.00%, 10/1/45	AA		2,000,000	1,991,051
				26,782,651
Nevada (0.7%)
Las Vegas, Special Assmt. Bonds, (Special Impt. Dist. No. 816), 3.00%, 6/1/41	BB−/P		1,765,000	1,169,960
Sparks, Tourism Impt. Dist. No. 1 144A Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 2.75%, 6/15/28	Ba1		1,165,000	1,057,047
				2,227,007
New Hampshire (3.0%)
National Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Caritas Acquisitions VII, LLC), Ser. A, 4.50%, 8/15/55	BBB/P		2,540,000	1,855,229
(Caritas Acquisitions VII, LLC), Ser. A, 4.25%, 8/15/46	BBB/P		1,210,000	897,825
(Caritas Acquisitions VII, LLC), Ser. A, 4.125%, 8/15/40	BBB/P		1,070,000	831,854
(NH Bus. Fin. Auth.), Ser. 23-2, 3.875%, 1/20/38	BBB		1,795,135	1,514,859

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (147.1%)* cont.	Rating**		Principal amount	Value
New Hampshire cont.
National Fin. Auth. Hosp. Rev. Bonds, (St. Luke’s Hosp. Oblig. Group)
4.00%, 8/15/40	A3		$1,040,000	$864,196
4.00%, 8/15/37	A3		850,000	717,585
NH State Hlth. & Ed. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Elliot Hosp.), 5.00%, 10/1/38	A3		500,000	474,639
(Southern NH Med. Ctr.), 5.00%, 10/1/37	A−		2,500,000	2,364,447
				9,520,634
New Jersey (0.8%)
NJ State Econ. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds, (NYNJ Link Borrower, LLC), 5.375%, 1/1/43	BBB+		500,000	485,697
NJ State Trans. Trust Fund Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. AA, 5.00%, 6/15/37	A2		600,000	617,730
Passaic Cnty., Impt. Auth. Rev. Bonds, (Paterson Arts & Science Charter School), 5.50%, 7/1/58	BBB−		550,000	499,563
South Jersey, Trans. Auth. Syst. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5.25%, 11/1/52	BBB+		1,000,000	962,657
				2,565,647
New Mexico (0.6%)
Sante Fe, Retirement Fac. Rev. Bonds
(El Castillo Retirement Residences), Ser. A, 5.00%, 5/15/44	BB+/F		975,000	766,880
(El Castillo Retirement Res.), 5.00%, 5/15/42	BB+/F		1,460,000	1,168,363
				1,935,243
New York (15.3%)
Metro. Trans. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Green Bond), Ser. C-1, 5.00%, 11/15/50	A3		1,500,000	1,428,671
Ser. C-1, 4.00%, 11/15/35	A3		1,000,000	934,838
NY City, Hsg. Dev. Corp. Multi-Fam. Hsg. Rev. Bonds
Ser. I-1, 2.80%, 11/1/60	AA+		2,000,000	1,113,946
(Sustainability Bonds), Ser. I-1, FHA Insd., 2.55%, 11/1/45	AA+		2,025,000	1,257,079
NY City, Transitional Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds
Ser. C-1, 5.00%, 5/1/41	AAA		1,000,000	1,021,476
Ser. F-1, 5.00%, 2/1/40	AAA		4,920,000	5,055,813
(Future Tax), Ser. C-1, 4.00%, 5/1/40	AAA		500,000	449,200
(Future Tax Secd.), 4.00%, 5/1/40	AAA		750,000	673,799
(Future Tax Secd.), Ser. E-1, 3.00%, 2/1/51	AAA		4,125,000	2,691,843
Ser. B-1, 3.00%, 8/1/48	AAA		5,875,000	3,935,530
NY Counties, Tobacco Trust VI Rev. Bonds, Ser. A-2B, 5.00%, 6/1/45	BB+		1,000,000	879,818
NY State Dorm. Auth. Personal Income Tax Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5.00%, 3/15/46 T	AA+		5,500,000	5,544,069
NY State Liberty Dev. Corp. Rev. Bonds
Ser. A, BAM, 3.00%, 11/15/51	AA		3,500,000	2,276,587
(Port Auth. of NY & NJ), Ser. 1WTC, 2.75%, 2/15/44	AA−		2,335,000	1,551,959
NY State Liberty Dev. Corp. 144A Rev. Bonds, (3 World Trade Ctr., LLC), Class 1-3, 5.00%, 11/15/44	BB−/P		2,000,000	1,791,301
NY State Thruway Auth. Personal Income Tax Rev. Bonds, Ser. C, 5.00%, 03/15/54 T	AA+		5,500,000	5,447,556

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (147.1%)* cont.	Rating**		Principal amount	Value
New York cont.
NY State Trans. Special Fac. Dev. Corp. Rev. Bonds
(Laguardia Arpt. Term. B Redev. Program), Ser. A, 5.00%, 7/1/46	Baa2		$500,000	$460,426
(Delta Air Lines, Inc.), 5.00%, 10/1/40	Baa3		2,000,000	1,822,888
NY State Urban Dev. Corp. Rev. Bonds, (Bidding Group 4), Ser. A, 3.00%, 3/15/50	AA+		1,060,000	708,192
Port Auth. of NY & NJ Rev. Bonds
Ser. 218, 5.00%, 11/1/49 T	Aa3		2,980,000	2,842,723
Ser. 207, 5.00%, 9/15/29	Aa3		2,925,000	2,972,758
Triborough Bridge & Tunnel Auth. Sales Tax Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 5.25%, 5/15/58	AA+		4,400,000	4,488,750
				49,349,222
North Carolina (0.8%)
NC State Cap. Fac. Fin. Agcy. Edl. Fac. Rev. Bonds, (High Point U.), 4.00%, 5/1/34	A−		900,000	855,204
NC State Med. Care Comm. Hlth. Care Fac. Rev. Bonds, (Lutheran Svcs. for the Aging, Inc. Oblig. Group), 4.00%, 3/1/51	BB/P		2,250,000	1,413,367
NC State Med. Care Comm. Retirement Fac. Rev. Bonds, (Maryfield, Inc. Oblig. Group), 5.00%, 10/1/45	BB/P		500,000	404,018
				2,672,589
Ohio (4.7%)
Buckeye, Tobacco Settlement Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds
Ser. B-2, Class 2, 5.00%, 6/1/55	BB/P		5,275,000	4,321,252
Ser. A-2, Class 1, 3.00%, 6/1/48	BBB+		3,560,000	2,346,533
Cleveland-Cuyahoga Cnty., Port Auth. Cultural Fac. Rev. Bonds, (Playhouse Square Foundation), 5.50%, 12/1/53	BB+		500,000	445,692
OH State Higher Edl. Fac. Comm. Rev. Bonds
(Oberlin College), 5.25%, 10/1/53	Aa3		1,000,000	1,024,701
(Ashtabula Cnty. Med. Ctr.), 5.25%, 1/1/47	BBB+/F		2,750,000	2,526,792
(Kenyon College 2020), 4.00%, 7/1/44	A2		3,555,000	2,945,532
Scioto Cnty., Hosp. Rev. Bonds, (Southern OH Med. Ctr.)
5.00%, 2/15/33	A3		605,000	593,557
5.00%, 2/15/32	A3		745,000	736,774
Southeastern OH Port Auth. Hosp. Fac. Rev. Bonds, (Memorial Hlth. Syst. Oblig. Group), 5.50%, 12/1/43	B+/F		120,000	97,177
				15,038,010
Oregon (0.9%)
Clackamas Cnty., Hosp. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds, (Rose Villa, Inc.), Ser. A, 5.25%, 11/15/50	BB/P		1,000,000	831,864
Multnomah Cnty., Hosp. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds, (Terwilliger Plaza, Inc.), 5.00%, 12/1/36	BB+/F		650,000	569,625
Salem, Hosp. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds, (Salem Hlth.), Ser. A, 5.00%, 5/15/33	A+		1,500,000	1,520,036
				2,921,525
Pennsylvania (7.5%)
Allegheny Cnty., Arpt. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A
AGM, 5.50%, 1/1/48	AA		5,000,000	5,056,990
5.00%, 1/1/34	AA		3,480,000	3,534,575
AGM, 4.00%, 1/1/46	AA		750,000	618,465

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (147.1%)* cont.	Rating**		Principal amount	Value
Pennsylvania cont.
Allegheny Cnty., Hosp. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds, (Allegheny Hlth. Network), 5.00%, 4/1/47	A		$4,285,000	$4,014,331
Bucks Cnty., Wtr. & Swr. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, AGM, 5.25%, 12/1/47	AA		2,175,000	2,224,031
Cumberland Cnty., Muni. Auth. Rev. Bonds, (Diakon Lutheran Social Ministries)
5.00%, 1/1/32	BBB+/F		200,000	195,275
5.00%, 1/1/31	BBB+/F		1,000,000	981,654
Lancaster Cnty., Hosp. & Hlth. Ctr. Auth. Rev. Bonds, (St. Anne’s Retirement Cmnty.)
5.00%, 3/1/50	BB+/F		500,000	361,721
5.00%, 3/1/40	BB+/F		500,000	398,158
Lancaster Cnty., Hosp. Auth. Hlth. Care Fac. Rev. Bonds, (Moravian Manors, Inc.), Ser. A, 5.00%, 6/15/44	BB+/F		1,000,000	800,950
Montgomery Cnty., Indl. Dev. Auth. Rev. Bonds, (Pub. School of Germantown (The)), 4.00%, 10/1/36	BBB+		450,000	378,583
PA State Econ. Dev. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds, (PennDOT Major Bridges), AGM, 5.75%, 12/31/62	AA		1,350,000	1,409,375
PA State Tpk. Comm. Rev. Bonds, 4.90%, 12/1/44	A1		4,385,000	4,287,250
				24,261,358
Puerto Rico (1.5%)
Cmnwlth. of PR, G.O. Bonds, Ser. A-1
4.00%, 7/1/41	BB/P		5,000,000	3,869,353
4.00%, 7/1/37	BB/P		1,250,000	1,018,006
				4,887,359
Rhode Island (0.8%)
Tobacco Settlement Fin. Corp. Rev. Bonds, Ser. B, 5.00%, 6/1/50	BBB−/P		2,750,000	2,490,263
				2,490,263
South Dakota (0.9%)
Lincoln Cnty., Econ. Dev. Rev. Bonds
(Augustana College Assoc. (The)), 4.00%, 8/1/61	BBB−		2,355,000	1,599,693
(Augustana College Assn. (The)), 4.00%, 8/1/51	BBB−		2,000,000	1,439,615
				3,039,308
Tennessee (0.8%)
Metro. Govt. Nashville & Davidson Cnty., Hlth. & Edl. Fac. Board Rev. Bonds, (Blakeford at Green Hills), Ser. A, 4.00%, 11/1/55	BBB−/F		2,250,000	1,459,681
Metro. Nashville, Arpt. Auth. Rev. Bonds, Ser. B, 5.50%, 7/1/42	A1		1,125,000	1,148,021
				2,607,702
Texas (8.6%)
Arlington, Higher Ed. Fin. Corp. Rev. Bonds, (Uplift Ed.), Ser. A, 5.00%, 12/1/36	BBB−		500,000	485,847
Austin-Bergstrom Landhost Enterprises, Inc. Rev. Bonds
5.00%, 10/1/35	A		1,045,000	1,008,933
5.00%, 10/1/34	A		530,000	516,413

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (147.1%)* cont.	Rating**		Principal amount	Value
Texas cont.
Clifton, Higher Ed. Fin. Corp. Ed. Rev. Bonds
(Intl. Leadership), Ser. D, 6.125%, 8/15/48	Baa3		$1,150,000	$1,091,696
(IDEA Pub. Schools), 5.00%, 8/15/28	A−		300,000	303,508
(YES Prep Pub. Schools, Inc.), PSFG, 4.25%, 4/1/48	Aaa		2,000,000	1,678,973
(IDEA Pub. Schools), Ser. T, PSFG, 4.00%, 8/15/41	AAA		1,400,000	1,226,406
(IDEA Pub. Schools), Ser. T, PSFG, 4.00%, 8/15/37	AAA		1,000,000	918,513
Harris Cnty., Cultural Ed. Fac. Fin. Corp. Rev. Bonds
(YMCA of the Greater Houston Area), Ser. A, 5.00%, 6/1/38	Ba1		1,500,000	1,230,887
(Brazos Presbyterian Homes, Inc.), 5.00%, 1/1/37	BB+/F		1,000,000	831,203
(YMCA of the Greater Houston Area), Ser. A, 5.00%, 6/1/33	Ba1		800,000	717,479
Love Field, Gen. Arpt. Modernization Corp. Rev. Bonds, 5.00%, 11/1/35	A1		1,000,000	983,767
Lower CO River Auth. Rev. Bonds, AGM, 5.00%, 5/15/39	AA		1,730,000	1,760,858
Matagorda Cnty., Poll. Control Rev. Bonds, (Dist. No. 1), Ser. A, AMBAC, 4.40%, 5/1/30	A−		1,500,000	1,433,932
New Hope, Cultural Ed. Fac. Fin. Corp. Rev. Bonds
(TX Woman’s U. CHF-Collegiate Hsg. Dining), Ser. B-1, AGM, 4.125%, 7/1/53	AA		1,000,000	784,093
(Woman’s U.-Collegiate Hsg. Denton, LLC), Ser. A-1, AGM, 4.125%, 7/1/53	AA		1,000,000	784,756
North TX, Tollway Auth. Rev. Bonds, (1st Tier), Ser. I, 6.50%, 1/1/43 (Prerefunded 1/1/25)	Aa3		2,000,000	2,056,137
Tarrant Cnty., Cultural Ed. Fin. Corp. Retirement Fac. Rev. Bonds, (Buckner Retirement Svcs.), Ser. B, 5.00%, 11/15/40	A/F		2,000,000	1,797,622
TX Private Activity Surface Trans. Corp. Rev. Bonds, (Segment 3C), 5.00%, 6/30/58	Baa1		3,000,000	2,747,057
TX State Pub. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds, (TX Southern U.), BAM
5.25%, 5/1/42	AA		400,000	400,223
5.25%, 5/1/41	AA		400,000	401,571
5.25%, 5/1/40	AA		400,000	403,181
TX Wtr. Dev. Board State Wtr. Implementation Rev. Bonds, Ser. A, 4.875%, 10/15/48	AAA		3,000,000	2,942,610
Uptown Dev. Auth. Tax Alloc. Bonds, (City of Houston Reinvestment Zone No. 16)
3.00%, 9/1/40	Baa2		750,000	510,331
3.00%, 9/1/39	Baa2		725,000	503,631
				27,519,627
Utah (2.5%)
Infrastructure Agcy. Telecomm. Rev. Bonds
6.00%, 10/15/47	BBB−/F		1,650,000	1,654,067
5.00%, 10/15/37	BBB−/F		1,200,000	1,121,549
Mida Mountain Village Pub. Infrastructure Dist. 144A Special Assmt. Bonds, (Mountain Village Assmt. Area No. 2), 4.00%, 8/1/50	B/P		1,625,000	1,119,335
U. of UT (The) Rev. Bonds, Ser. B, 5.25%, 8/1/48	Aa1		3,850,000	3,986,356
				7,881,307

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (147.1%)* cont.	Rating**		Principal amount	Value
Virginia (1.3%)
VA State Small Bus. Fin. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(95 Express Lanes, LLC), 4.00%, 1/1/48	BBB		$3,000,000	$2,391,952
(Elizabeth River Crossings OpCo, LLC), 4.00%, 1/1/40	BBB		750,000	629,574
(Elizabeth River Crossings OpCo, LLC), 4.00%, 1/1/36	BBB		630,000	557,847
Williamsburg, Econ. Dev. Auth. Student Hsg. Rev. Bonds, (Provident Group — Williamsburg Properties, LLC), AGM, 5.25%, 7/1/53	AA		500,000	510,551
				4,089,924
Washington (3.8%)
King Cnty., Public Hosp. Dist. No. 1 G.O. Bonds, (Valley Med. Ctr.), 5.00%, 12/1/38	A2		2,365,000	2,354,017
Port of Seattle Rev. Bonds, Ser. B, 5.00%, 8/1/40	AA−		1,000,000	989,098
WA State Hsg. Fin. Comm. Rev. Bonds
(Eastside Retirement Assn.), Ser. A, 5.00%, 7/1/43	A−/F		2,030,000	1,915,784
(Social Certif.), Ser. A-1, 3.50%, 12/20/35	BBB+		2,608,973	2,216,714
Ser. 1, Class A, 3.375%, 4/20/37	BBB		2,599,032	2,047,734
WA State Hsg. Fin. Comm. Nonprofit 144A Rev. Bonds, (Seattle Academy of Arts & Sciences), 6.25%, 7/1/59	BBB		2,750,000	2,779,219
				12,302,566
Wisconsin (5.3%)
Pub. Fin. Auth. Arpt. Fac. Rev. Bonds, (Sr. Oblig. Group), 5.25%, 7/1/28	BBB+		275,000	274,988
Pub. Fin. Auth. Conference Ctr. & Hotel Rev. Bonds, (U. of NC Charlotte Foundation), Ser. A
4.00%, 9/1/56	BB+/P		1,000,000	632,044
4.00%, 9/1/51	BB+/P		750,000	492,687
Pub. Fin. Auth. Student Hsg. Fac. Rev. Bonds, (Appalachian State U.), Ser. A, AGM
4.00%, 7/1/50	AA		700,000	553,655
4.00%, 7/1/45	AA		600,000	492,267
4.00%, 7/1/40	AA		500,000	428,210
4.00%, 7/1/38	AA		435,000	382,064
4.00%, 7/1/36	AA		340,000	307,887
4.00%, 7/1/34	AA		300,000	280,486
Pub. Fin. Auth. Student Hsg. Fac. 144A Rev. Bonds, (CHF-Manoa, LLC), Ser. A, 5.75%, 7/1/63	BBB−		1,000,000	939,345
WI Pub. Fin. Auth. Hotel Rev. Bonds
(Grand Hyatt), 5.00%, 2/1/62	BBB−		700,000	590,750
(Grand Hyatt Sanitary), 5.00%, 2/1/52	BBB−		1,000,000	869,571
WI State Hlth. & Edl. Fac. Auth. Rev. Bonds
(Hmong American Peace Academy, Ltd.), 5.00%, 3/15/50	BBB		1,000,000	882,208
(Froedtert Health, Inc.), Ser. A, 4.00%, 4/1/41	AA		4,865,000	4,148,575
(Froedtert Health, Inc.), Ser. A, 4.00%, 4/1/37	AA		3,000,000	2,659,784
(Advocate Aurora Hlth. Oblig. Group), Ser. A, 4.00%, 8/15/35	AA		3,000,000	2,742,400

MUNICIPAL BONDS AND NOTES (147.1%)* cont.	Rating**		Principal amount	Value
Wisconsin cont.
WI State Pub. Fin. Auth Sr. Living 144A Rev. Bonds, (Mary’s Woods at Marylhurst), Ser. A, 5.25%, 5/15/37	BB/F		$250,000	$225,264
				16,902,185
Total municipal bonds and notes (cost $526,312,605)				$472,949,268

SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS (1.7%)*		Shares	Value
Putnam Short Term Investment Fund Class P 5.59% L		5,591,473	$5,591,473
Total short-term investments (cost $5,591,473)			$5,591,473

TOTAL INVESTMENTS
Total investments (cost $531,904,078)	$478,540,741

Notes to the fund’s portfolio
	Unless noted otherwise, the notes to the fund’s portfolio are for the close of the fund’s reporting period, which ran from May 1, 2023 through October 31, 2023 (the reporting period). Within the following notes to the portfolio, references to “Putnam Management” represent Putnam Investment Management, LLC, the fund’s manager, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Putnam Investments, LLC and references to “ASC 820” represent Accounting Standards Codification 820 Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures.
*	Percentages indicated are based on net assets of $321,528,971.
**	The Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s or Fitch ratings indicated are believed to be the most recent ratings available at the close of the reporting period for the securities listed. Ratings are generally ascribed to securities at the time of issuance. While the agencies may from time to time revise such ratings, they undertake no obligation to do so, and the ratings do not necessarily represent what the agencies would ascribe to these securities at the close of the reporting period. Securities rated by Fitch are indicated by “/F.” Securities rated by Putnam are indicated by “/P.” The Putnam rating categories are comparable to the Standard & Poor’s classifications. If a security is insured, it will usually be rated by the ratings organizations based on the financial strength of the insurer. For further details regarding security ratings, please see the Statement of Additional Information.
††	The interest rate and date shown parenthetically represent the new interest rate to be paid and the date the fund will begin accruing interest at this rate.
##	Forward commitment, in part or in entirety (Note 1).
L	Affiliated company (Note 6). The rate quoted in the security description is the annualized 7-day yield of the fund at the close of the reporting period.
T	Underlying security in a tender option bond transaction. This security has been segregated as collateral for financing transactions.
	144A after the name of an issuer represents securities exempt from registration under Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. These securities may be resold in transactions exempt from registration, normally to qualified institutional buyers.
	On Mandatory Put Bonds, the rates shown are the current interest rates at the close of the reporting period and the dates shown represent the next mandatory put dates. Rates are set by remarketing agents and may take into consideration market supply and demand, credit quality and the current SIFMA Municipal Swap Index, 1 Month US LIBOR, 3 Month US LIBOR, US SOFR, CME Term SOFR 3 Month, or CME Term SOFR 6 Month, which were 4.09%, 5.43%, 5.64%, 5.35%, 5.38% and 5.44%, respectively, as of the close of the reporting period.
	The dates shown parenthetically on prerefunded bonds represent the next prerefunding dates.
	The dates shown on debt obligations are the original maturity dates.

	The fund had the following sector concentrations greater than 10% at the close of the reporting period (as a percentage of net assets):
	Health care	30.6%
	Transportation	30.2
	Education	22.7
	State debt	14.0
	Tax bonds	11.1

	The fund had the following insurance concentration greater than 10% at the close of the reporting period (as a percentage of net assets):
	AGM	10.2%

ASC 820 establishes a three-level hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of the fund’s investments. The three levels are defined as follows:

Level 1: Valuations based on quoted prices for identical securities in active markets.

Level 2: Valuations based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3: Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

The following is a summary of the inputs used to value the fund’s net assets as of the close of the reporting period:

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	Item 2. Code of Ethics:

	Not Applicable

	Item 3. Audit Committee Financial Expert:

	Not Applicable

	Item 4. Principal Accountant Fees and Services:

	Not Applicable

	Item 5. Audit Committee

	Not Applicable

	Item 6. Schedule of Investments:

	The registrant’s schedule of investments in unaffiliated issuers is included in the report to shareholders in Item 1 above.

	Item 7. Disclosure of Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures For Closed-End Management Investment Companies:

	Not applicable

	Item 8. Portfolio Managers of Closed-End Management Investment Companies

	(a) Not applicable

	(b) There have been no changes to the list of the registrant’s identified portfolio managers included in the registrant’s report on Form N-CSR for the most recent completed fiscal year.

	Item 9. Purchases of Equity Securities by Closed-End Management Investment Companies and Affiliated Purchasers:

	Registrant Purchase of Equity Securities
					Maximum
				Total Number	Number (or
				of Shares	Approximate
				Purchased	Dollar Value)
				as Part	of Shares
				of Publicly	that May Yet Be
		Total Number	Average	Announced	Purchased
		of Shares	Price Paid	Plans or	under the Plans
	Period	Purchased	per Share	Programs*	or Programs**
	May 1 — May 31, 2023	423,266	$10.00	423,266	2,732,481
	June 1 — June 30, 2023	162,688	$10.29	162,688	2,569,793
	July 1 — July 31, 2023	74,751	$10.28	74,751	2,495,042
	August 1 — August 31, 2023	242,016	$9.93	242,016	2,253,026
	September 1 — September 30, 2023	227,977	$9.52	227,977	2,025,049
	October 1 — October 31, 2023	24,958	$8.90	24,958	3,241,555

*

In October 2005, the Board of Trustees of the Putnam Funds initiated the closed-end fund share repurchase program, which, as subsequently amended, authorized the fund to repurchase of up to 10% of its fund’s outstanding common shares over the two-years ending October 5, 2007. The Trustees have subsequently renewed the program on an annual basis. The program renewed by the Board in September 2022, which was in effect between October 1, 2022 and September 30, 2023, allowed the fund to repurchase up to 3,398,156 of its shares. The program renewed by the Board in September 2023, which is in effect between October 1, 2023 and September 30, 2024, allows the fund to repurchase up to 3,266,512 of its shares.

**

Information prior to October 1, 2023, is based on the total number of shares eligible for repurchase under the program, as amended through September 2022. Information from October 1, 2023 forward is based on the total number of shares eligible for repurchase under the program, as amended through September 2023.

	Item 10. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders:

	Not applicable

	Item 11. Controls and Procedures:

(a) The registrant’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded, based on their evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days of the filing date of this report, that the design and operation of such procedures are generally effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the registrant in this report is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms.

	(b) Changes in internal control over financial reporting: Not applicable

	Item 12. Disclosures of Securities Lending Activities for Closed-End Investment Companies:

	Not Applicable

	Item 13. Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation.

	Not Applicable

	Item 14. Exhibits:

	(a)(1) Not applicable

	(a)(2) Not applicable

	(a)(3) Separate certifications for the principal executive officer and principal financial officer of the registrant as required by Rule 30a-2(a) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, are filed herewith.

	(a)(4) 19(a) Notices to Beneficial Owners are filed herewith.

	(b) The certifications required by Rule 30a-2(b) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, are filed herewith.

	SIGNATURES

	Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	Putnam Municipal Opportunities Trust

	By (Signature and Title):

	/s/ Janet C. Smith Janet C. Smith Principal Accounting Officer

	Date: December 27, 2023

	Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

	By (Signature and Title):

	/s/ Jonathan S. Horwitz Jonathan S. Horwitz Principal Executive Officer

	Date: December 27, 2023

	By (Signature and Title):

	/s/ Janet C. Smith Janet C. Smith Principal Financial Officer

	Date: December 27, 2023

Sources of fund distributions

19(a) Notice

The table below provides an estimate of the sources of the Fund’s current distribution and its cumulative distributions paid this fiscal year to date. Amounts are expressed on a per share of common stock basis and as a percentage of the distribution amount.

				Estimated sources and percentages of distributions
				Short-	Long-		Net	Short-	Long-
		Per share	Net	term	term		invest-	term	term
		distribution	investment	capital	capital	Return of	ment	capital	capital	Return of
Ticker	Time period	(July)	income	gains	gains	capital	income	gains	gains	capital
PMM	Current
(FYE 10/31)	month	$0.0238	$0.0164	—	—	$0.0074	68.9%	0.0%	0.0%	31.1%
	Fiscal YTD	$0.2552	$0.1691	—	—	$0.0861	66.3%	0.0%	0.0%	33.7%
PMO	Current
(FYE 4/30)	month	$0.0350	$0.0215	—	—	$0.0135	61.4%	0.0%	0.0%	38.6%
	Fiscal YTD	$0.1050	$0.0644	—	—	$0.0406	61.3%	0.0%	0.0%	38.7%

 

The table below provides information regarding distributions and total return performance for various periods.

Data as of 6/30/23

	Annualized		Cumulative
	5-year return	Current distribution	Fiscal YTD return	Fiscal YTD distribution
Ticker	at NAV	rate at NAV*	at NAV	rate at NAV†
PMM (FYE 10/31)	1.31%	4.37%	13.93%	5.32%
PMO (FYE 4/30)	1.94%	3.78%	0.19%	3.78%

 

Performance includes the deduction of management fees and administrative expenses, assumes reinvestment of distributions, and does not account for taxes.

* Most recent distribution annualized and divided by NAV at the end of the period.

† Total fiscal period distributions annualized and divided by NAV at the end of the period.

You should not draw any conclusions about the Fund’s investment performance from the amount of this distribution or from the terms of the Fund’s Distribution Policy.

The Fund estimates that it has distributed more than its income and net realized capital gains; therefore, a portion of your distribution may be a return of capital. A return of capital may occur, for example, when some or all of the money that you invested in the Fund is paid back to you. A return of capital distribution does not necessarily reflect the Fund’s investment performance and should not be confused with “yield” or “income.”

The amounts and sources of distributions reported in this 19(a) Notice are only estimates and are not being provided for tax reporting purposes. The actual amounts and sources of the amounts for tax reporting purposes will depend on the Fund’s investment experience during the remainder of its fiscal year and may be subject to changes based on tax regulations. The Fund will send you a Form 1099-DIV for the calendar year that will tell you how to report these distributions for federal income tax purposes.

Please call your financial advisor with any questions.

SU006_BW 334514 7/23

 

---

 

Sources of fund distributions

19(a) Notice

The table below provides an estimate of the sources of the Fund’s current distribution and its cumulative distributions paid this fiscal year to date. Amounts are expressed on a per share of common stock basis and as a percentage of the distribution amount.

				Estimated sources and percentages of distributions
				Short-	Long-		Net	Short-	Long-
		Per share	Net	term	term		invest-	term	term
		distribution	investment	capital	capital	Return of	ment	capital	capital	Return of
Ticker	Time period	(Aug.)	income	gains	gains	capital	income	gains	gains	capital
PMM	Current
(FYE 10/31)	month	$0.0238	$0.0172	—	—	$0.0066	72.3%	0.0%	0.0%	27.7%
	Fiscal YTD	$0.2790	$0.1863	—	—	$0.0927	66.8%	0.0%	0.0%	33.2%
PMO	Current
(FYE 4/30)	month	$0.0350	$0.0233	—	—	$0.0117	66.6%	0.0%	0.0%	33.4%
	Fiscal YTD	$0.1400	$0.0877	—	—	$0.0523	62.6%	0.0%	0.0%	37.4%

 

The table below provides information regarding distributions and total return performance for various periods.

Data as of 7/31/23

	Annualized		Cumulative
	5-year return	Current distribution	Fiscal YTD return	Fiscal YTD distribution
Ticker	at NAV	rate at NAV*	at NAV	rate at NAV†
PMM (FYE 10/31)	1.27%	4.38%	14.17%	5.22%
PMO (FYE 4/30)	1.96%	3.77%	0.59%	3.77%

 

Performance includes the deduction of management fees and administrative expenses, assumes reinvestment of distributions, and does not account for taxes.

* Most recent distribution annualized and divided by NAV at the end of the period.

† Total fiscal period distributions annualized and divided by NAV at the end of the period.

You should not draw any conclusions about the Fund’s investment performance from the amount of this distribution or from the terms of the Fund’s Distribution Policy.

The Fund estimates that it has distributed more than its income and net realized capital gains; therefore, a portion of your distribution may be a return of capital. A return of capital may occur, for example, when some or all of the money that you invested in the Fund is paid back to you. A return of capital distribution does not necessarily reflect the Fund’s investment performance and should not be confused with “yield” or “income.”

The amounts and sources of distributions reported in this 19(a) Notice are only estimates and are not being provided for tax reporting purposes. The actual amounts and sources of the amounts for tax reporting purposes will depend on the Fund’s investment experience during the remainder of its fiscal year and may be subject to changes based on tax regulations. The Fund will send you a Form 1099-DIV for the calendar year that will tell you how to report these distributions for federal income tax purposes.

Please call your financial advisor with any questions.

SU006_BW 334694 8/23

 

---

 

Sources of fund distributions

19(a) Notice

The table below provides an estimate of the sources of the Fund’s current distribution and its cumulative distributions paid this fiscal year to date. Amounts are expressed on a per share of common stock basis and as a percentage of the distribution amount.

				Estimated sources and percentages of distributions
				Short-	Long-		Net	Short-	Long-
		Per share	Net	term	term		invest-	term	term
		distribution	investment	capital	capital	Return of	ment	capital	capital	Return of
Ticker	Time period	(Sept.)	income	gains	gains	capital	income	gains	gains	capital
PMM	Current
(FYE 10/31)	month	$0.0238	$0.0163	—	—	$0.0075	68.5%	0.0%	0.0%	31.5%
	Fiscal YTD	$0.3028	$0.2026	—	—	$0.1002	66.9%	0.0%	0.0%	33.1%
PMO	Current
(FYE 4/30)	month	$0.0350	$0.0268	—	—	$0.0082	76.6%	0.0%	0.0%	23.4%
	Fiscal YTD	$0.1750	$0.1145	—	—	$0.0605	65.4%	0.0%	0.0%	34.6%

 

The table below provides information regarding distributions and total return performance for various periods.

Data as of 8/31/23

	Annualized		Cumulative
	5-year return	Current distribution	Fiscal YTD return	Fiscal YTD distribution
Ticker	at NAV	rate at NAV*	at NAV	rate at NAV†
PMM (FYE 10/31)	0.80%	4.49%	11.79%	5.26%
PMO (FYE 4/30)	1.45%	3.87%	-1.71%	3.87%

 

Performance includes the deduction of management fees and administrative expenses, assumes reinvestment of distributions, and does not account for taxes.

* Most recent distribution annualized and divided by NAV at the end of the period.

† Total fiscal period distributions annualized and divided by NAV at the end of the period.

You should not draw any conclusions about the Fund’s investment performance from the amount of this distribution or from the terms of the Fund’s Distribution Policy.

The Fund estimates that it has distributed more than its income and net realized capital gains; therefore, a portion of your distribution may be a return of capital. A return of capital may occur, for example, when some or all of the money that you invested in the Fund is paid back to you. A return of capital distribution does not necessarily reflect the Fund’s investment performance and should not be confused with “yield” or “income.”

The amounts and sources of distributions reported in this 19(a) Notice are only estimates and are not being provided for tax reporting purposes. The actual amounts and sources of the amounts for tax reporting purposes will depend on the Fund’s investment experience during the remainder of its fiscal year and may be subject to changes based on tax regulations. The Fund will send you a Form 1099-DIV for the calendar year that will tell you how to report these distributions for federal income tax purposes.

Please call your financial advisor with any questions.

SU006_BW 334947 9/23

 

---

 

Sources of fund distributions

19(a) Notice

The table below provides an estimate of the sources of the Fund’s current distribution and its cumulative distributions paid this fiscal year to date. Amounts are expressed on a per share of common stock basis and as a percentage of the distribution amount.

				Estimated sources and percentages of distributions
				Short-	Long-		Net	Short-	Long-
		Per share	Net	term	term		invest-	term	term
		distribution	investment	capital	capital	Return of	ment	capital	capital	Return of
Ticker	Time period	(Oct.)	income	gains	gains	capital	income	gains	gains	capital
PMM	Current
(FYE 10/31)	month	$0.0238	$0.0151	—	—	$0.0087	63.4%	0.0%	0.0%	36.6%
	Fiscal YTD	$0.3266	$0.2177	—	—	$0.1089	66.7%	0.0%	0.0%	33.3%
PMO	Current
(FYE 4/30)	month	$0.0350	$0.0229	—	—	$0.0121	65.4%	0.0%	0.0%	34.6%
	Fiscal YTD	$0.2100	$0.1374	—	—	$0.0726	65.4%	0.0%	0.0%	34.6%

 

The table below provides information regarding distributions and total return performance for various periods.

Data as of 9/30/23

	Annualized		Cumulative
	5-year return	Current distribution	Fiscal YTD return	Fiscal YTD distribution
Ticker	at NAV	rate at NAV*	at NAV	rate at NAV†
PMM (FYE 10/31)	–0.19%	4.76%	5.86%	5.51%
PMO (FYE 4/30)	0.52%	4.10%	–6.84%	4.10%

 

Performance includes the deduction of management fees and administrative expenses, assumes reinvestment of distributions, and does not account for taxes.

* Most recent distribution annualized and divided by NAV at the end of the period.

† Total fiscal period distributions annualized and divided by NAV at the end of the period.

You should not draw any conclusions about the Fund’s investment performance from the amount of this distribution or from the terms of the Fund’s Distribution Policy.

The Fund estimates that it has distributed more than its income and net realized capital gains; therefore, a portion of your distribution may be a return of capital. A return of capital may occur, for example, when some or all of the money that you invested in the Fund is paid back to you. A return of capital distribution does not necessarily reflect the Fund’s investment performance and should not be confused with “yield” or “income.”

The amounts and sources of distributions reported in this 19(a) Notice are only estimates and are not being provided for tax reporting purposes. The actual amounts and sources of the amounts for tax reporting purposes will depend on the Fund’s investment experience during the remainder of its fiscal year and may be subject to changes based on tax regulations. The Fund will send you a Form 1099-DIV for the calendar year that will tell you how to report these distributions for federal income tax purposes.

Please call your financial advisor with any questions.

SU006_BW 335407 10/23

 

---

 

Sources of fund distributions

19(a) Notice

The table below provides an estimate of the sources of the Fund’s current distribution and its cumulative distributions paid this fiscal year to date. Amounts are expressed on a per share of common stock basis and as a percentage of the distribution amount.

				Estimated sources and percentages of distributions
				Short-	Long-		Net	Short-	Long-
		Per share	Net	term	term		invest-	term	term
		distribution	investment	capital	capital	Return of	ment	capital	capital	Return of
Ticker	Time period	(Nov.)	income	gains	gains	capital	income	gains	gains	capital
PMM	Current
(FYE 10/31)	month	$0.0238	$0.0178	—	—	$0.0060	74.8%	0.0%	0.0%	25.2%
	Fiscal YTD	$0.0238	$0.0178	—	—	$0.0060	74.8%	0.0%	0.0%	25.2%
PMO	Current
(FYE 4/30)	month	$0.0350	$0.0258	—	—	$0.0092	73.7%	0.0%	0.0%	26.3%
	Fiscal YTD	$0.2450	$0.1632	—	—	$0.0818	66.6%	0.0%	0.0%	33.4%

 

The table below provides information regarding distributions and total return performance for various periods.

Data as of 10/31/23

	Annualized		Cumulative
	5-year return	Current distribution	Fiscal YTD return	Fiscal YTD distribution
Ticker	at NAV	rate at NAV*	at NAV	rate at NAV†
PMM (FYE 10/31)	–0.72%	4.97%	1.87%	5.68%
PMO (FYE 4/30)	0.02%	4.26%	–10.07%	4.26%

 

Performance includes the deduction of management fees and administrative expenses, assumes reinvestment of distributions, and does not account for taxes.

* Most recent distribution annualized and divided by NAV at the end of the period.

† Total fiscal period distributions annualized and divided by NAV at the end of the period.

You should not draw any conclusions about the Fund’s investment performance from the amount of this distribution or from the terms of the Fund’s Distribution Policy.

The Fund estimates that it has distributed more than its income and net realized capital gains; therefore, a portion of your distribution may be a return of capital. A return of capital may occur, for example, when some or all of the money that you invested in the Fund is paid back to you. A return of capital distribution does not necessarily reflect the Fund’s investment performance and should not be confused with “yield” or “income.”

The amounts and sources of distributions reported in this 19(a) Notice are only estimates and are not being provided for tax reporting purposes. The actual amounts and sources of the amounts for tax reporting purposes will depend on the Fund’s investment experience during the remainder of its fiscal year and may be subject to changes based on tax regulations. The Fund will send you a Form 1099-DIV for the calendar year that will tell you how to report these distributions for federal income tax purposes.

Please call your financial advisor with any questions.

SU006_BW 335548 11/23

 

---

 

Sources of fund distributions

19(a) Notice

The table below provides an estimate of the sources of the Fund’s current distribution and its cumulative distributions paid this fiscal year to date. Amounts are expressed on a per share of common stock basis and as a percentage of the distribution amount.

				Estimated sources and percentages of distributions
				Short-	Long-		Net	Short-	Long-
		Per share	Net	term	term		invest-	term	term
		distribution	investment	capital	capital	Return of	ment	capital	capital	Return of
Ticker	Time period	(Dec.)	income	gains	gains	capital	income	gains	gains	capital
PMM	Current
(FYE 10/31)	month	$0.0238	$0.0168	—	—	$0.0070	70.6%	0.0%	0.0%	29.4%
	Fiscal YTD	$0.0476	$0.0346	—	—	$0.0130	72.7%	0.0%	0.0%	27.3%
PMO	Current
(FYE 4/30)	month	$0.0350	$0.0255	—	—	$0.0095	72.9%	0.0%	0.0%	27.1%
	Fiscal YTD	$0.2800	$0.1887	—	—	$0.0913	67.4%	0.0%	0.0%	32.6%

 

The table below provides information regarding distributions and total return performance for various periods.

Data as of 11/30/23

	Annualized		Cumulative
	5-year return	Current distribution	Fiscal YTD return	Fiscal YTD distribution
Ticker	at NAV	rate at NAV*	at NAV	rate at NAV†
PMM (FYE 10/31)	1.45%	4.44%	12.25%	4.44%
PMO (FYE 4/30)	2.09%	3.81%	0.94%	3.81%

 

Performance includes the deduction of management fees and administrative expenses, assumes reinvestment of distributions, and does not account for taxes.

* Most recent distribution annualized and divided by NAV at the end of the period.

† Total fiscal period distributions annualized and divided by NAV at the end of the period.

You should not draw any conclusions about the Fund’s investment performance from the amount of this distribution or from the terms of the Fund’s Distribution Policy.

The Fund estimates that it has distributed more than its income and net realized capital gains; therefore, a portion of your distribution may be a return of capital. A return of capital may occur, for example, when some or all of the money that you invested in the Fund is paid back to you. A return of capital distribution does not necessarily reflect the Fund’s investment performance and should not be confused with “yield” or “income.”

The amounts and sources of distributions reported in this 19(a) Notice are only estimates and are not being provided for tax reporting purposes. The actual amounts and sources of the amounts for tax reporting purposes will depend on the Fund’s investment experience during the remainder of its fiscal year and may be subject to changes based on tax regulations. The Fund will send you a Form 1099-DIV for the calendar year that will tell you how to report these distributions for federal income tax purposes.

Please call your financial advisor with any questions.

SU006_BW 335700 12/23

 

	Certifications
	I, Jonathan S. Horwitz, the Principal Executive Officer of the funds listed on Attachment A, certify that:
	1. I have reviewed each report on Form N-CSR of the funds listed on Attachment A:
	2. Based on my knowledge, each report does not contain any untrue statements of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by each report;
	3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in each report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, changes in net assets, and cash flows (if the financial statements are required to include a statement of cash flows) of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in each report;
	4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 30a-3(c) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 30a-3(d) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) for the registrant and have:
	a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which each report is being prepared;
	b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
	c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of each report based on such evaluation; and
	d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the registrant’s report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
	5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed to each registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of each registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
	a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect each registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and
	b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in each registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
	Date: December 27, 2023
	/s/ Jonathan S. Horwitz
	_______________________
	Jonathan S. Horwitz
	Principal Executive Officer
	Certifications
	I, Janet C. Smith, the Principal Financial Officer of the funds listed on Attachment A, certify that:
	1. I have reviewed each report on Form N-CSR of the funds listed on Attachment A:
	2. Based on my knowledge, each report does not contain any untrue statements of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by each report;
	3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in each report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, changes in net assets, and cash flows (if the financial statements are required to include a statement of cash flows) of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in each report;
	4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 30a-3(c) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 30a-3(d) under the Investment Company Act of 1940) for the registrant and have:
	a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which each report is being prepared;
	b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
	c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of each report based on such evaluation; and
	d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the registrant’s report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
	5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed to each registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of each registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
	a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect each registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and
	b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in each registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
	Date: December 27, 2023
	/s/ Janet C. Smith
	_______________________
	Janet C. Smith
	Principal Financial Officer
	Attachment A
	Period (s) ended October 31, 2023
	Putnam BDC Income ETF
	Putnam BioRevolution ETF
	Putnam Convertible Securities Fund
	Putnam Core Equity Fund
	Putnam Core Bond Fund
	Putnam Emerging Markets ex-China ETF
	Putnam ESG Core Bond ETF
	Putnam ESG High Yield ETF
	Putnam ESG Ultra Short ETF
	Putnam Focused International Equity Fund
	Putnam Global Income Trust
	Putnam Income Fund
	Putnam Large Cap Value Fund
	Putnam Managed Municipal Income Trust
	Putnam Municipal Opportunities Trust
	Putnam PanAgora ESG Emerging Markets Equity ETF
	Putnam PanAgora ESG International Equity ETF
	Putnam Short Duration Bond Fund
	Putnam Sustainable Future Fund

	Section 906 Certifications
	I, Jonathan S. Horwitz, the Principal Executive Officer of the Funds listed on Attachment A, certify that, to my knowledge:
	1. The form N-CSR of the Funds listed on Attachment A for the period ended October 31, 2023 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
	2. The information contained in the Form N-CSR of the Funds listed on Attachment A for the period ended October 31, 2023 fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Funds listed on Attachment A.
	Date: December 27, 2023
	/s/ Jonathan S. Horwitz
	______________________
	Jonathan S. Horwitz
	Principal Executive Officer
	Section 906 Certifications
	I, Janet C. Smith, the Principal Financial Officer of the Funds listed on Attachment A, certify that, to my knowledge:
	1. The form N-CSR of the Funds listed on Attachment A for the period ended October 31, 2023 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
	2. The information contained in the Form N-CSR of the Funds listed on Attachment A for the period ended October 31, 2023 fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Funds listed on Attachment A.
	Date: December 27, 2023
	/s/ Janet C. Smith
	______________________
	Janet C. Smith
	Principal Financial Officer
	Attachment A
	Period (s) ended October 31, 2023
	Putnam BDC Income ETF
	Putnam BioRevolution ETF
	Putnam Convertible Securities Fund
	Putnam Core Equity Fund
	Putnam Core Bond Fund
	Putnam Emerging Markets ex-China ETF
	Putnam ESG Core Bond ETF
	Putnam ESG High Yield ETF
	Putnam ESG Ultra Short ETF
	Putnam Focused International Equity Fund
	Putnam Global Income Trust
	Putnam Income Fund
	Putnam Large Cap Value Fund
	Putnam Managed Municipal Income Trust
	Putnam Municipal Opportunities Trust
	Putnam PanAgora ESG Emerging Markets Equity ETF
	Putnam PanAgora ESG International Equity ETF
	Putnam Short Duration Bond Fund
	Putnam Sustainable Future Fund

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