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PART
I
ITEM
1 - Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers
All
items in this section are not required, as this 20-F filing is made as an annual report.
ITEM
2 - Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
All
items in this section are not required, as this 20-F filing is made as an annual report.
ITEM
3. KEY INFORMATION
|
A. |
Selected
Financial Data |
The
selected financial data presented below for the three years ended December 31, 2021, is presented in U.S. dollars and is derived from
our financial statements prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”).
We have derived the selected financial data as of December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, and for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020,
and 2019, from our audited financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 20-F. The information set forth below
should be read in conjunction with our financial statements (including notes thereto) included under Item 18 and “Operating and
Financial Review and Prospects” included under Item 5 and other information provided elsewhere in this annual report on Form 20-F
and our financial statements and related notes. The selected financial data in this section is not intended to replace the financial
statements and is qualified in its entirety thereby.
| |
2021 | | |
2020 | | |
2019 | |
| |
$ | | |
$ | | |
$ | |
Revenues from continuing operations | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | |
Net loss | |
| (8,693,748 | ) | |
| (3,514,736 | ) | |
| (3,637,368 | ) |
Net comprehensive loss | |
| (8,706,935 | ) | |
| (3,528,589 | ) | |
| (3,794,909 | ) |
Basic and diluted loss per share (1) | |
| (0.05 | ) | |
| (.111 | ) | |
| (.18 | ) |
Total assets | |
| 2,509,176 | | |
| 1,955,607 | | |
| 496,737 | |
Shareholders’ deficit | |
| (522,912 | ) | |
| (2,273,372 | ) | |
| (2,230,775 | ) |
Cash dividends declared per share (2) | |
| — | | |
| — | | |
| — | |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding | |
| 140,342,653 | | |
| 32,622,248 | | |
| 21,454,189 | |
Notes:
(1)
On May 29, 2019 the Company effected a 100 for 1 reverse split. All share amounts have been adjusted for the split. In 2021 we issued
177,353,963, in 2020 we issued 40,980,848 shares of common stock and 2019 we issued 25,413,839 shares of common stock (2,541,383,900
pre-split shares) pursuant to certain transactions set forth in Item 4, below.
(2)
We have not declared or paid any dividends since incorporation.
Exchange
Rate Data
The
following table sets forth the exchange rates for Canadian dollars expressed in U.S. dollars that have been used in the audited financial
statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 20-F.
$1 Canadian dollar equivalent in U.S. dollars | |
| |
At December 31, 2020 | |
| 0.7800 | |
At December 31, 2021 | |
| 0.7911 | |
Average for the year ended December 31, 2020 | |
| 0.7974 | |
|
B. |
Capitalization
and Indebtedness |
Not
required as this 20-F filing is made as an annual report.
|
C. |
Reasons
for the Offer and Use of Proceeds |
Not
required as this 20-F filing is made as an annual report.
Investment
in our common shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider, among other matters, the following risk factors in
addition to the other information in this Annual Report on Form 20-F when evaluating our business because these risk factors may have
a significant impact on our business, financial condition, operating results or cash flow. If any of the material risks described below
or in subsequent reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) actually occur, they may materially
harm our business, financial condition, operating results or cash flow. Additional risks and uncertainties that we have not yet identified
or that we presently consider to be immaterial may also materially harm our business, financial condition, operating results or cash
flow.
RISKS
RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY
Our
limited operating history makes evaluating our business and future prospects difficult and may increase the risk of your investment.
We
have a very limited operating history on which investors can base an evaluation of our business, operating results and prospects. We
have no operating history with respect to commercializing our software applications and products. Consequently, it is difficult to predict
our future revenues, if any, and appropriately budget for our expenses, and we have limited insight into trends that may emerge and affect
our business.
We
began processes to develop relationships with potential customers and distribution partners in November 2016. Completion of our cognitive
assessment and remediation tools and the further development and commercialization of our products is dependent upon the availability
of sufficient funds. This limits our ability to accurately forecast the cost of the development of our products. If the markets and applications
of our products do not develop as we expect or develop more slowly than we expect, our business, prospects, financial condition and operating
results will be harmed.
We
have a history of operating losses and expect to continue incurring losses for the foreseeable future.
We
were incorporated in 2011. We reported a net loss of $8,693,748 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 and had a net loss of $3,514,736
during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2021, we had an accumulated deficit of $26,316,815. We cannot anticipate
when, if ever, our operations will become profitable. We expect to incur significant net losses as we develop and commercialize our products
and pursue our business strategy. We intend to invest significantly in our business before we expect cash flow from operations to be
adequate to cover our operating expenses. If we are unable to execute our business strategy and grow our business, for any reason, our
business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations will be adversely affected.
As
reflected in the financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, included elsewhere in this Annual
Report on Form 20-F, we had no revenues from continuing operations in 2021 and 2020 and need additional cash resources to maintain its
operations. These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Our ability to continue as a going
concern is dependent on our ability to raise additional capital. We cannot predict when, if ever, we will be successful in raising additional
capital and, accordingly, we may be required to cease operations at any time, if we do not have sufficient working capital to pay our
operating costs.
If
we are unable to obtain additional funding, our business operations will be harmed.
We
raised an aggregate of $3,014,000 through loans and issuance of convertible debentures and warrants and pursuant to our Regulation A
Offering in 2021. We raised an aggregate of $2,238,170 through issuance of convertible debentures and warrants in 2020. We anticipate
that we will continue to incur losses and negative cash flows from operations, and that such losses will increase over the next several
years due to development costs associated with Ehave Dashboard products and the rollout of Ketadash. As a result of these expected losses
and negative cash flows from operations, along with our current cash position, based on our current projections, we may not have sufficient
resources to fund operations through the fourth quarter of 2022. To the extent that we are required to raise additional funds to conduct
research and acquire facilities, and to cover costs of operations, we intend to do so through additional public or private offerings
of debt or equity securities. There are no assurances that we will be successful in obtaining the level of financing needed for our operations,
and we may be unable to secure such funding when needed in adequate amounts or on acceptable terms, if at all. Any additional equity
financing may involve substantial dilution to our then existing shareholders.
Our
independent auditors have expressed their concern as to our ability to continue as a going concern.
We
reported an accumulated deficit of $26,316,815 and had a stockholders’ deficit of $3,600,483 at December 31, 2021. As a result
of our financial condition, we have received a report from our independent registered public accounting firm for our financial statements
for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 that includes an explanatory paragraph describing the uncertainty as to our ability to
continue as a going concern without the infusion of significant additional capital. There can be no assurance that management will be
successful in implementing its plans. If we are unable to raise additional financing, we may cease operations.
Our
products may not be successful in gaining market acceptance, which would negatively impact our revenues.
Currently,
our business strategy is to continue to support the clinical trials of our therapeutic video games, develop the Ehave Dashboard, and
gain access to additional technologies at a time and in a manner that we believe is best for our development. We may have difficulties
in reaching market acceptance, which could negatively impact our revenues, for a number of reasons including:
|
● |
any
delays in securing partnerships and strategic alliances; |
|
● |
any
technical delays and malfunctions; |
|
● |
failure
to receive regulatory approval on a timely basis or at all; and |
|
● |
failure
to receive a sufficient level of reimbursement from government, insurers or other third-party payors. |
If
we are unable to keep up with rapid technological changes in our field, we will be unable to operate profitably.
Our
industry is characterized by extensive research efforts and rapid technological progress. If we fail to anticipate or respond adequately
to technological developments, our ability to operate profitably could suffer. We cannot assure you that research and discoveries by
other companies will not render our software or potential products uneconomical or result in products superior to those we develop or
that any products or services we develop will be preferred to any existing or newly-developed products.
Many
of our potential competitors are better established and have significantly greater resources which may make it difficult for us to compete
in the markets in which we intend to sell our products.
The
market for the products we develop is highly competitive. Many of our potential competitors are well established with larger and better
resources, longer relationships with customers and suppliers, greater name recognition and greater financial, technical and marketing
resources than we have. Increased competition may result in price reductions, reduced gross margins, loss of market share and loss of
licensees, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. We cannot ensure
that prospective competitors will not adopt technologies or business plans similar to ours or develop products which may be superior
to ours or which may prove to be more popular. It is possible that new competitors will emerge and rapidly acquire market share. We cannot
ensure that we will be able to compete successfully against future competitors or that the competitive pressures will not materially
and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
If
we lose any of our key management personnel or consultants, we may not be able to successfully manage our business or achieve our objectives.
Our
future success depends in large part upon the leadership and performance of our management and consultants. The Company’s operations
and business strategy are dependent upon the knowledge and business contacts of our executive officers and our consultants. Although,
we hope to retain the services of our officers and consultants, if any of our officer or consultants should choose to leave us for any
reason before we have hired additional personnel, our operations may suffer. If we should lose their services before we are able to engage
and retain qualified employees and consultants to execute our business plan, we may not be able to continue to develop our business as
quickly or efficiently.
In
addition, we must be able to attract, train, motivate and retain highly skilled and experienced technical employees in order to successfully
develop our business. Qualified technical employees often are in great demand and may be unavailable in the time frame required to satisfy
our business requirements. We may not be able to attract and retain sufficient numbers of highly skilled technical employees in the future.
The loss of technical personnel or our inability to hire or retain sufficient technical personnel at competitive rates of compensation
could impair our ability to successfully grow our business. If we lose the services of any of our personnel, we may not be able to replace
them with similarly qualified personnel, which could harm our business.
Developments
or assertions by us or against us relating to intellectual property rights could materially impact our business.
Pursuant
to an amendment to the collaboration agreement, effective January 1, 2014, with Toronto’s Hospital for Sick Children (the “Hospital”),
all intellectual property rights to the cognitive assessment and rehabilitation software jointly developed with the Hospital belong to
the Hospital. Our agreement with Multi-Health Systems Inc. (“MHS”), as amended, provides that all right, title and interest
in and to certain tests and other materials published by MHS relating to the tests are and will remain solely and exclusively vested
in MHS.
We
will attempt to protect proprietary and intellectual property rights to our products through licensing and distribution arrangements
although we currently do not have any patents or applications for our products.
Litigation
may also be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary
rights of others or to defend against claims of invalidity. Such litigation could result in substantial costs and the diversion of resources.
As
we create or adopt new software, we will also face an inherent risk of exposure to the claims of others that we have allegedly violated
their intellectual property rights.
Our
products could infringe on the intellectual property rights of others which may result in costly litigation and, if we do not prevail,
could also cause us to pay substantial damages and prohibit us from selling or licensing our products.
Third
parties may assert infringement or other intellectual property claims against us. We may have to pay substantial damages, including damages
for past infringement if it is ultimately determined that our products or technology infringe a third party’s proprietary rights.
Further, we may be prohibited from selling or providing products before we obtain additional licenses, which, if available at all, may
require us to pay substantial royalties or licensing fees. Even if claims are determined to be without merit, defending a lawsuit takes
significant time, may be expensive and may divert management’s attention from our other business concerns. Any public announcements
related to litigation or interference proceedings initiated or threatened against us could cause our business to be harmed and our stock
price to decline.
We
have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, and if we are unable to achieve and maintain effective
internal control over financial reporting or effective disclosure controls, we may be at risk to accurately report financial results
or detect fraud, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
As
directed by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the SEC adopted rules requiring an annual assessment by management of the
effectiveness of a public company’s internal controls over financial reporting and an attestation report by the company’s
independent auditors addressing this assessment, if applicable. As discussed in Item 15 “Controls and Procedures” based on
a review of our internal controls over financial reporting, management concluded that our internal controls over financial reporting
was not effective due to the existence of a material weakness relating to a lack of sufficient accounting records and underlying supporting
detail as of December 31, 2021. A material weakness is defined as a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control
over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of a company’s annual or interim
financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by the company’s internal controls. Management has since
addressed this weakness and has implemented the necessary changes to have effective controls over financial reporting. For additional
information, see Item 15 “Controls and Procedures.”
We
cannot assure you that we will be able to remediate our existing material weaknesses in a timely manner, if at all, or that in the future
additional material weaknesses will not exist, reoccur or otherwise be discovered, a risk that is significantly increased in light of
the complexity of our business. If our efforts to remediate these material weaknesses, as described in Item 15 “Controls and Procedures”,
are not successful or if other deficiencies occur, our ability to accurately and timely report our financial position, results of operations,
cash flows or key operating metrics could be impaired, which could result in late filings of our annual or interim reports under the
Exchange Act, restatements of our consolidated financial statements or other corrective disclosures. Our failure to satisfy the requirements
of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 on an ongoing, timely basis could result in the loss of investor confidence in the reliability
of its financial statements, which in turn could harm our business and negatively impact the trading price of the common shares. In addition,
future changes in our accounting, financial reporting, and regulatory environment may create new areas of risk exposure. Failure to modify
our existing control environment accordingly may impair our controls over financial reporting and cause our investors to lose confidence
in the reliability of our financial reporting, which may adversely affect our share price, suspension of trading or delisting of our
common shares by Pink Open Market, or, if we regain the eligibility to have our common shares quoted on the OTCQB Venture Market, the
OTCQB Venture Market, or other material adverse effects on our business, reputation, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity.
Furthermore, if we continue to have these existing material weaknesses, other material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in the
future, it could create a perception that our financial results do not fairly state our financial condition or results of operations.
Any of the foregoing could have an adverse effect on the value of our shares.
The
market for our products is immature and volatile and if it does not develop, or if it develops more slowly than we expect, the growth
of our business will be harmed.
The
market for software-based systems for mental health or treatments using psychedelics is a new and unproven market, and it is uncertain
whether it will achieve and sustain demand and market adoption. Our success will depend to a substantial extent on the willingness of
customers and healthcare professionals to use our systems, as well as on our ability to demonstrate the value of our software and products
to customers and to develop new applications that provide value to customers and users. If customers and users do not perceive the benefits
of our products, then our market may not develop at all, or it may develop more slowly than we expect, either of which could significantly
adversely affect our operating results. In addition, we have limited insight into trends that might develop and affect our business.
We might make errors in predicting and reacting to relevant business, legal and regulatory trends, which could harm our business. If
any of these events occur, it could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
If
our security measures are breached and unauthorized access to a customer’s data are obtained, our products may be perceived as
insecure, we may incur significant liabilities, our reputation may be harmed, and we could lose sales and customers.
Our
products involve the storage and transmission of customers’ proprietary information, as well as protected health information, or
PHI, which, in the United States, is regulated under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 and its implementing
regulations, collectively “HIPAA,” and other state and federal privacy and security laws. Because of the extreme sensitivity
of this information, the security features of our product are very important. If our security measures, some of which will be managed
by third parties, are breached or fail, unauthorized persons may be able to obtain access to sensitive data, including HIPAA-regulated
protected health information. A security breach or failure could result from a variety of circumstances and events, including but not
limited to third-party action, employee negligence or error, malfeasance, computer viruses, attacks by computer hackers, failures during
the process of upgrading or replacing software, databases or components thereof, power outages, hardware failures, telecommunication
failures, user errors, and catastrophic events.
If
our security measures were to be breached or fail, our reputation could be severely damaged, adversely affecting customer or investor
confidence, customers may curtail their use of or stop using our products and our business may suffer. In addition, we could face litigation,
damages for contract breach, penalties and regulatory actions for violations of HIPAA and other state and federal privacy and security
regulations, significant costs for investigation, remediation and disclosure and for measures to prevent future occurrences. In addition,
any potential security breach could result in increased costs associated with liability for stolen assets or information, repairing system
damage that may have been caused by such breaches, incentives offered to customers or other business partners in an effort to maintain
the business relationships after a breach and implementing measures to prevent future occurrences, including organizational changes,
deploying additional personnel and protection technologies, training employees and engaging third-party experts and consultants. While
we maintain insurance covering certain security and privacy damages and claim expenses, we may not carry insurance or maintain coverage
sufficient to compensate for all liability and in any event, insurance coverage would not address the reputational damage that could
result from a security incident.
We
plan to outsource important aspects of the storage and transmission of customer information, and thus rely on third parties to manage
functions that have material cyber-security risks. These outsourced functions include services such as software design and product development,
software engineering, database consulting, data-center security, IT, network security, data storage and Web application firewall services.
We cannot assure you that any measures that are taken will adequately protect us from the risks associated with the storage and transmission
of customers’ proprietary information and protected health information.
We
may experience cyber-security and other breach incidents that may remain undetected for an extended period. Because techniques used to
obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage systems change frequently and generally are not recognized until launched against us, we may
be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventive measures. In addition, in the event that our customers authorize
or enable third parties to access their data or the data of their employees on our systems, we cannot ensure the complete integrity or
security of such data in our systems as we would not control access. If an actual or perceived breach of our security occurs, or if we
are unable to effectively resolve such breaches in a timely manner, the market perception of the effectiveness of our security measures
could be harmed, we could be subject to regulatory action or other damages and we could lose sales and customers.
If
we fail to comply with applicable health information privacy and security laws and other state and federal privacy and security laws,
we may be subject to significant liabilities, reputational harm and other negative consequences, including decreasing the willingness
of current and potential customers to work with us.
Once
our products are deployed in the United States, we will be subject to data privacy and security regulation by both the federal government
and the states in which we conduct our business. HIPAA established uniform federal standards for certain “covered entities,”
which include health care providers, health plans, and health care clearing houses, governing the conduct of specified electronic health
care transactions and protecting the security and privacy of protected health information, or PHI. The Health Information Technology
for Economic and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH, which was signed into law on February 17, 2009, makes certain of HIPAA’s privacy
and security standards directly applicable to “business associates,” which are individuals or entities that create, receive,
maintain, or transmit PHI in connection with providing a service for or on behalf of a covered entity. HITECH also increased the civil
and criminal penalties that may be imposed against covered entities, business associates and other persons, and gave state attorneys
general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federal courts to enforce HIPAA’s requirements and seek
attorney’s fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions.
In
addition, states have enacted privacy and security laws and regulations that regulate the use and disclosure of certain data, with some
state laws covering medical and healthcare information. These laws vary by state and could impose additional requirements and penalties
on us. For example, some states impose restrictions on the use and disclosure of health information pertaining to mental health or substance
abuse. Further, state laws and regulations may require us to notify affected individuals in the event of a data breach involving individually
identifiable information, which may be broader than the type of information covered by HIPAA. In addition, the Federal Trade Commission
may use its consumer protection authority to initiate enforcement actions in data privacy and security matters.
If
we are unable to protect the privacy and security of our customers’ data, we could be found to have breached our contracts with
our customers, we could face civil and criminal penalties under federal and state laws, we could be subject to litigation and we could
suffer reputational harm or other damages. We may not be able to adequately address the business, technical and operational risks created
by HIPAA and other privacy and security regulations. Furthermore, we are unable to predict what changes to HIPAA or other laws or regulations
might be made in the future or how those changes could affect our business or the costs of compliance.
Our
proprietary software may not operate properly, which could damage our reputation, give rise to claims against us or divert application
of our resources from other purposes, any of which could harm our business and operating results.
Proprietary
software development is time-consuming, expensive and complex, and may involve unforeseen difficulties. We may encounter technical obstacles,
and it is possible that we discover additional problems that prevent our proprietary applications from operating properly. We are currently
implementing software with respect to a number of new applications and services. If our software does not function reliably or fails
to achieve client expectations in terms of performance, clients could assert liability claims against us or attempt to cancel their contracts
with us. This could damage our reputation and impair our ability to attract or maintain clients.
Moreover,
data services are complex as those we offer have in the past contained, and may in the future develop or contain, undetected defects
or errors. Material performance problems, defects or errors in our existing or new software and applications and services may arise in
the future and may result from interface of our offering with systems and data that we did not develop and the function of which is outside
of our control or undetected in our testing. These defects and errors and any failure by us to identify and address them could result
in loss of revenue or market share, diversion of development resources, injury to our reputation and increased service and maintenance
costs. The costs incurred in correcting any defects or errors may be substantial and could adversely affect our operating results.
We
depend on data centers operated by third parties for our products, and any disruption in the operation of these facilities could adversely
affect our business.
We
provide our products through a third-party data center. While we control and have access to our servers and all of the components of
our network that are located in our external data centers, we do not control the operation of these facilities. The owners of our data
centers have no obligation to renew agreements with us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. If we are unable to renew any such
agreements we may enter into on commercially reasonable terms, or if our data center operator is acquired, we may be required to transfer
our servers and other infrastructure to new data center facilities, and we may incur significant costs and possible service interruption
in connection with doing so.
Problems
faced by our third-party data center locations could adversely affect the experience of our customers. The operators of the data centers
could decide to close their facilities without adequate notice. In addition, any financial difficulties, such as bankruptcy, faced by
the operators of the data centers or any of the service providers with whom we or they contract may have negative effects on our business,
the nature and extent of which are difficult to predict. Additionally, if our data centers are unable to keep up with our growing needs
for capacity, this could have an adverse effect on our business. For example, a rapid expansion of our business could affect the service
levels at our data centers or cause such data centers and systems to fail. Any changes in third-party service levels at our data centers
or any disruptions or other performance problems with our products could adversely affect our reputation or result in lengthy interruptions
in our services. Interruptions in our services might reduce our revenue, cause us to issue refunds to customers for prepaid and unused
subscriptions, subject us to potential liability or adversely affect our renewal rates.
If
currency exchange rates fluctuate substantially in the future, the results of our operations, which are reported in U.S. dollars, could
be adversely affected.
As
our trials are primarily based in Canada and we seek to operate our business on a global scale, we are exposed to the effects of fluctuations
in currency exchange rates. We incur certain operating expenses in Canadian dollars. Fluctuations in the exchange rates between the U.S.
dollar and the Canadian dollar could result in the dollar equivalent of such expenses being higher. This could have a negative impact
on our reported results of operations. Although we may in the future decide to undertake foreign exchange hedging transactions to cover
a portion of our foreign currency exchange exposure, we currently do not hedge our exposure to foreign currency exchange risks.
Our
future U.S. operations and relationships with healthcare providers, investors, consultants, third-party payors, patients, and other customers
may be subject to applicable anti-kickback, fraud and abuse and other healthcare laws and regulations, which in the event of a violation
could expose us to criminal sanctions, civil penalties, contractual damages, reputational harm and diminished profits and future earnings.
Our
future U.S. operations and arrangements with healthcare providers, physicians and third-party payors may expose us to broadly applicable
fraud and abuse and other federal and state healthcare laws and regulations. These laws may constrain the business and/or financial arrangements
and relationships through which we market, sell and distribute our products. Potentially applicable U.S. laws include:
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the
federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits the offer, payment, solicitation or receipt of any form of remuneration in return
for referring, ordering, leasing, purchasing or arranging for, or recommending the ordering, purchasing or leasing of, items or services
payable by Medicare, Medicaid or any other federal healthcare program; |
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federal
false claims laws and civil monetary penalty laws, including the False Claims Act, which prohibit, among other things, individuals
or entities from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, claims for payment from Medicare, Medicaid or other government
healthcare programs that are false or fraudulent, or making a false statement to avoid, decrease or conceal an obligation to pay
money to the federal government; |
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HIPAA,
which imposes federal criminal and civil liability for executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit
program and making false statements relating to healthcare matters; |
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HIPAA,
as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act, and its implementing regulations, also imposes
certain requirements relating to the privacy, security and transmission of individually identifiable health information; and |
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analogous
state laws and regulations, such as state anti-kickback and false claims laws, which may be broader in scope and apply to referrals
and items or services reimbursed by any third-party payers, including commercial insurers, many of which differ from each other in
significant ways and often are not preempted by federal law, thus complicating compliance efforts. |
Because
of the breadth of these laws and the narrowness of the statutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors available under such laws, it
is possible that some of our business activities could be subject to challenge under one or more of such laws. The scope and enforcement
of each of these laws is uncertain and subject to rapid change in the current environment of healthcare reform. Our risk of being found
in violation of these laws is increased by the fact that some of these laws are open to a variety of interpretations. If our past or
present operations, practices, or activities are found to be in violation of any of the laws described above or any other governmental
regulations that apply to us, we may be subject to penalties, including civil and criminal penalties, exclusion from participation in
government healthcare programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, imprisonment, damages, fines, disgorgement, contractual damages, reputational
harm, diminished profits and future earnings, and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations, any of which could adversely affect
our ability to operate our business and our results of operations. Further, defending against any such actions can be costly, time-consuming
and may require significant resources. Therefore, even if we are successful in defending against any such actions that may be brought
against us, our customers may be unwilling to use our products and our business may be impaired.
We
may not be in compliance with rules and regulations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) should they become
applicable to any products we develop in the future.
We
have no current plans to market, advertise or sell computerized cognitive assessment aids in the United States. Types of computerized
cognitive assessment aids for the measurement and assessment of behavioral and cognitive abilities such as brain games are games purporting
to increase intelligence or cognitive function are currently regulated by the FDA as Class II medical devices. Such brain games may be
subject to clinical processes to determine their accuracy or validity. Terminology such as “neuroplasticity”, “attention”
and “working memory” have become ubiquitous as the “brain game” market has grown. Current clinical practice refers
to the use of cognitive software for the measurement of deficits as an “assessment”, and the use of software tools as rehabilitation
methods as “remediation”. Should we decide in the future to market, advertise, or sell products that may be considered by
the FDA as computerized cognitive assessment aids, we may be required to undergo costly and time-consuming clinical trials to prove the
accuracy and validity of our computerized cognitive assessment aids, should we have any such products to market, sell or advertise in
the future.
The
results of any future clinical trials that we may need to perform in the future may not support our medical device candidate requirements
or intended use claims or may result in the discovery of unanticipated inconsistent data.
We
have no current plans to market, advertise or sell computerized cognitive assessment aids in the United States. The clinical trial process
may fail to demonstrate that our computerized cognitive assessment aids that we may develop in the future, are safe, effective, and consistent
for the desired or proposed indicated uses, which could cause us to abandon a product and may delay development of others. Any requirement
to perform unanticipated clinical trials or delay or termination of any such unanticipated future clinical trials may delay or inhibit
our ability to commercialize any computerized cognitive assessment aids that we may develop in the future; and affect our ability to
generate revenues.
A
security breach or disruption or failure in a computer or communications systems could adversely affect us.
Our
operations depend on the continued and secure functioning of our computer and communications systems and the protection of electronic
information (including sensitive personal information as well as proprietary or confidential information) stored in computer databases
maintained by us or by third parties. Such systems and databases are subject to breach, damage, disruption or failure from, among other
things, cyber-attacks and other unauthorized intrusions, power losses, telecommunications failures, fires and other natural disasters,
armed conflicts or terrorist attacks. We may be subject to threats to our computer and communications systems and databases of unauthorized
access, computer hackers, computer viruses, malicious code, cyber-crime, cyber-attacks and other security problems and system disruptions.
Unauthorized persons may attempt to hack into our systems to obtain personal data relating to clinical trial participants or employees
or our confidential or proprietary information or of third parties or information relating to our business and financial data. If, despite
our efforts to secure our systems and databases, events of this nature occur, we could expose clinical trial participants or employees
to financial or medical identity theft, lose clinical trial participants or employees or have difficulty attracting new clinical trial
participants or employees, be exposed to the loss or misuse of confidential information or business and financial data, have disputes
with clinical trial participants or employees, suffer regulatory sanctions or penalties under applicable laws, incur expenses as a result
of a data privacy breach, or suffer other adverse consequences including legal action and damage to our reputation.
RISKS
ASSOCIATED WITH OUR COMMON SHARES AND COMPANY
We
expect that our stock price will fluctuate significantly.
The
trading price of our common shares may be highly volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some
of which are beyond our control. In addition to the factors discussed in this “Risk Factors” section and elsewhere in this
report, these factors include:
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announcement
of new products by our competitors; |
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release of new products
by our competitors; |
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adverse regulatory decisions; |
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developments in our industry
or target markets; and |
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general market conditions
including factors unrelated to our operating performance. |
Recently,
the stock market in general has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. Continued market fluctuations could result in extreme
market volatility in the price of our common shares which could cause a decline in the value of our shares.
Market
prices for securities of software development companies generally are volatile and the share price for our common shares has been historically
volatile. This increases the risk of securities litigation. Factors such as announcements of technological innovations, new commercial
products, patents, the development of proprietary rights, results of clinical trials, regulatory actions, publications, financial results,
our financial position, future sales of shares by us or our current shareholders and other factors could have a significant effect on
the market price and volatility of the common shares.
We
are unable to predict the impact of COVID-19 on our company.
Our
diagnostic and treatment tools, MegaTeam and Ninja Reflex, are currently used in hospitals and other medical settings. Because of strain
on hospitals and their resources by treatment of patients with COVID-19, hospitals and other facilities are canceling or postponing non-emergency
treatments which may include the use of our tools for the treatment of ADHD and related illnesses. Additionally, people are generally
avoiding medical facilities except in emergency situations and therefore would not be seeking to utilize our tools in such a setting.
While we do not expect this trend to continue indefinitely, its duration and impact cannot be quantified at this time and may negatively
impact our business as it is related to MegaTeam and Ninja Reflex.
If
our business is unsuccessful, our shareholders may lose their entire investment.
Although
shareholders will not be bound by or be personally liable for our expenses, liabilities or obligations beyond their total original capital
contributions, should we suffer a deficiency in funds with which to meet our obligations, the shareholders as a whole may lose their
entire investment in our Company.
Trading
of our common shares on the Pink Open Market is limited and sporadic, making it difficult or impossible for our shareholders to sell
their shares or liquidate their investments.
There
is a very limited market for our common shares. On April 30, 2019, our common shares were removed from the OTCQB Venture Market to the
Pink Open Market. Prior to the listing of our common shares for trading on the OTCQB Venture Market in November 2016, there was no public
market for our common shares. The Pink Open Market is a significantly more limited market than the OTCQB Venture Market and established
exchanges such as the New York Stock Exchange or NASDAQ. There is no assurance that a sufficient market will develop in our shares, and
the lack of an active market will impair your ability to sell your common shares at the time you wish to sell them or at a price that
you consider reasonable. The lack of an active market may also reduce the fair value of our common shares. An inactive market may also
impair our ability to raise capital to continue to fund operations by selling shares and may impair our ability to acquire other companies
or technologies by using our shares as consideration. Even after trading volume increases, trading through the Pink Open Market or the
OTCQB Venture Market, if our shares regain eligibility to be quoted on the OTCQB Venture Market, is frequently thin and highly volatile.
Our
common shares are subject to the “penny stock” rules of the SEC and we have no established market for our securities, which
makes transactions in our stock cumbersome and may reduce the value of an investment in our stock.
The
SEC has adopted Rule 15g-9 which establishes the definition of a “penny stock,” for the purposes relevant to us, as any equity
security that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share or with an exercise price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to certain
exceptions. For any transaction involving a penny stock, unless exempt, the rules require: (i) that a broker or dealer approve a person’s
account for transactions in penny stocks; and (ii) the broker or dealer receive from the investor a written agreement to the transaction,
setting forth the identity and quantity of the penny stock to be purchased. In order to approve a person’s account for transactions
in penny stocks, the broker or dealer must: (i) obtain financial information and investment experience objectives of the person; and
(ii) make a reasonable determination that the transactions in penny stocks are suitable for that person and the person has sufficient
knowledge and experience in financial matters to be capable of evaluating the risks of transactions in penny stocks.
The
broker or dealer must also deliver, prior to any transaction in a penny stock, a disclosure schedule prescribed by the SEC relating to
the penny stock market, which, in highlight form: (i) sets forth the basis on which the broker or dealer made the suitability determination;
and (ii) that the broker or dealer received a signed, written agreement from the investor prior to the transaction.
Generally,
brokers may be less willing to execute transactions in securities subject to the “penny stock” rules. This may make it more
difficult for investors to dispose of our common shares and cause a decline in the market value of our stock.
Disclosure
also has to be made about the risks of investing in penny stocks in both public offerings and in secondary trading and about the commissions
payable to both the broker-dealer and the registered representative, current quotations for the securities and the rights and remedies
available to an investor in cases of fraud in penny stock transactions. Finally, monthly statements have to be sent disclosing recent
price information for the penny stock held in the account and information on the limited market in penny stocks.
We
are a “foreign private issuer”, and you may not have access to the information you could obtain about us if we were not a
“foreign private issuer”.
We
are considered a “foreign private issuer” under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. As a foreign private issuer we will
not have to file quarterly reports with the SEC nor will our directors, officers and 10% stockholders be subject to Section 16(b) of
the Exchange Act. Such exemption may result in shareholders having less data and there being fewer restrictions on insiders’ activities
in our securities. As a foreign private issuer, we will not be subject to the proxy rules of Section 14 of the Exchange Act. Furthermore,
Regulation FD does not apply to non-U.S. companies and will not apply to us. Accordingly, you may not be able to obtain information about
us as you could obtain if we were not a “foreign private issuer”.
Because
the majority of our assets and of our officers and directors are located outside the United States, it may be difficult for an investor
to enforce within the United States any judgments obtained against us or any of our officers and directors.
A
majority of our assets are presently located outside of the United States. In addition, some of our directors and officers are nationals
and/or residents of countries other than the United States, and all or a substantial portion of such persons’ assets are located
outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for an investor to effect service of process or enforce within the United
States any judgments obtained against us or our officers or directors, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions
of the securities laws of the United States or any state thereof. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of Canada
would recognize or enforce judgments of United States courts obtained against us or our directors and officers predicated upon the civil
liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state thereof. There is even uncertainty as to whether the Canadian
courts would have jurisdiction to hear original actions brought in Canada against us or our directors and officers predicated upon the
securities laws of the United States or any state thereof.
Because
we do not intend to pay any cash dividends on our common shares, our shareholders will not be able to receive a return on their shares
unless they sell them.
We
intend to retain any future earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business. We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends
on our common shares in the foreseeable future. Unless we pay dividends, our shareholders will not be able to receive a return on their
shares unless they sell them at a price higher than that which they initially paid for such shares.
Because
we are not subject to compliance with rules requiring the adoption of certain corporate governance measures, our shareholders have limited
protections against interested director transactions, conflicts of interest and similar matters.
The
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as rule changes proposed and enacted by the SEC, the New York Stock Exchange, the NYSE American and
NASDAQ, as a result of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, require the implementation of various measures relating to corporate governance. These
measures are designed to enhance the integrity of corporate management and the securities markets and apply to securities which are listed
on those exchanges. Because we will not be seeking to be listed on any of the exchanges, we will not be presently required to comply
with many of the corporate governance provisions.
Our
authorized capital consists of an unlimited number of shares of one class designated as common shares. We may, in the future, issue additional
common shares, which would reduce investors’ percent of ownership and may dilute our share value.
Our
Articles of Incorporation authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number of our common shares, no par value, of which 276,775,899 shares
are currently issued and outstanding. The future issuance of common shares may result in substantial dilution in the percentage of our
common shares held by our then existing shareholders. We may value any common shares issued in the future on an arbitrary basis. The
issuance of common shares for future services or acquisitions or other corporate actions may have the effect of diluting the value of
the shares held by our investors and may have an adverse effect on any trading market of our common shares.
Offers
or availability for sale of a substantial number of our common shares may cause the price of our common shares to decline.
If
our shareholders sell substantial amounts of our common shares in the public market, including shares issued in the public offering and
shares issued upon conversion of outstanding convertible notes or exercise of outstanding warrants, or upon the expiration of any statutory
holding period, under Rule 144, or upon the exercise of outstanding options or warrants, it could create a circumstance commonly referred
to as an “overhang” and in anticipation of which the market price of our common shares could fall. The existence of an overhang,
whether or not sales have occurred or are occurring, also could make more difficult our ability to raise additional financing through
the sale of equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price that we deem reasonable or appropriate.
We
qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, or JOBS Act. As a result, we are permitted
to, and intend to, rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements.
For
so long as we are an emerging growth company, we will not be required to:
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have an auditor report on our internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002;
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comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation
or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (i.e., an
auditor discussion and analysis);
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submit certain executive compensation matters to shareholder advisory votes, such as “say-on-pay” and “say-on-frequency;”
and
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disclose certain executive compensation related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons
of the chief executive officer’s compensation to median employee compensation.
We
will remain an “emerging growth company” for up to five years, or until the earliest of (i) the last day of the first fiscal
year in which our total annual gross revenues exceed $1.07 billion, (ii) the date that we become a “large accelerated filer”
as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which would occur if the market value of our ordinary
shares that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter
or (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt during the preceding three year period.
Until
such time, however, we cannot predict if investors will find our common shares less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions.
If some investors find our common shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common shares
and our share price may be more volatile.
In
addition, when these exemptions cease to apply, we expect to incur additional expenses and devote increased management effort toward
ensuring compliance with them. We cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur as a result of us ceasing to
be an emerging growth company or the timing of such costs. In addition, once we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company under
the JOBS Act and lose the ability to rely on the exemptions related thereto, depending on our status as per Rule 12b-2 of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, our independent registered public accounting firm may also need to attest to the effectiveness of our
internal control over financial reporting under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. We will be performing the system and process
evaluation and testing (and any necessary remediation) required to comply with the management certification and eventual auditor attestation
requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 when we are no longer an emerging growth company. This process will require
the investment of substantial time and resources, including by our senior management. As a result, this process may divert internal resources
and take a significant amount of time and effort to complete.
Since
we have elected under Section 107 of the JOBS Act to use the extended transition period with respect to complying with new or revised
accounting standards, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates making
it more difficult for an investor to compare our results with other public companies.
Section
107 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section
102(b)(2)(B) of the Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, as an emerging growth company we can
delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected
to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period. Our financial statements may therefore not be comparable to those
of companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.
We
may be classified as a Passive Foreign Investment Company, or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes in 2021 and may continue to
be, or become, a PFIC in future years, which may have negative tax consequences for U.S. investors.
We
will be treated as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes in any taxable year in which either (i) at least 75% of our gross income
is “passive income” or (ii) on average at least 50% of our assets by value produce passive income or are held for the production
of passive income. Based on our estimated gross income, the average value of our gross assets, and the nature of our business, we may
be classified as a PFIC in the current taxable year and may be treated, or may become, a PFIC in future years. If we are treated as a
PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. investor held our common shares, certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences could
apply to the U.S. investor. See “Item 10. Additional Information – E. Taxation– Passive Foreign Investment Company
Rules.”
ITEM
4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
|
A. |
History
and Development of the Company |
We
were incorporated under the laws of the Province of Ontario (specifically under the Business Corporations Act (Ontario)) on October 31,
2011, in the Province of Ontario, Canada, and did business as Behavioural Neurological Applications and Solutions. Effective November
4, 2015, we changed our name to Ehave, Inc.
Our
principal office is located at 100 SE 2nd St., Suite 2000, Miami, FL 33131 and our telephone number is (954) 233-3511.
The
SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports and other information regarding us that we file electronically with the SEC website
at www.sec.gov. We also make available free of charge on our website at www.ehave.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports
are available on the SEC website.
We
are not aware of any indication of any public takeover offers by third parties in respect of our common shares during our last and current
financial years.
Sale
of Ehave Connect Assets
On
March 22, 2019, we entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement with ZYUS Life Sciences Inc. (“ZYUS”), pursuant to which we sold
to ZYUS all of our property and assets, including intellectual property, relating to our business relating to our technology stack, data
models, user interface flows, application programming interfaces and all existing builds to the health informatics Ehave Connect platform,
which includes but is not limited to the input, tracking and extraction of clinical data, but excluding intellectual property in certain
patient outcome reporting applications, clinical games, clinical patient data, facts related to patient assessments and personal property
(the “Asset Sale”). The Ehave Connect platform contains components specifically designed to be used by patients using alternative
treatments to efficiently gather and verify patient-reported outcomes and experiences, evaluate treatment progress, enhance patient engagement
and improve data modeling.
In
connection with the Agreement, ZYUS (i) paid us a total purchase price of CAD $1.2 million (US$895,122) in cash, CAD $260,000 (US$193,943)
of which was provided to us upon execution of a non-binding term sheet and CAD $100,000 (US$74,594) of which was provided to us on April
30, 2019, pursuant to an advance, and (ii) issued to us at closing 361,011 common shares of ZYUS (the “Consideration Shares”).
ZYUS has a security interest in the Consideration Shares in support of any indemnity claims by ZYUS pursuant to the Agreement until the
second anniversary of the closing date.
The
Agreement also contains representations, warranties and covenants of the parties customary for transactions similar to those contemplated
by the Agreement. Pursuant to the Agreement, ZYUS, among other things, agreed not to redeem, purchase or otherwise acquire any of its
outstanding shares or other securities, subject to certain exceptions, from the date of the Agreement and until the closing date of the
Asset Sale, and we agreed to enter into a six month lock-up agreement restricting the resale of the Consideration Shares if ZYUS completes
an initial public offering or going public transaction. Such representations and warranties are made solely for purposes of the Agreement
and, in some cases, may be subject to qualifications and limitations agreed to by the parties in connection with the negotiated terms
of the Agreement and may have been qualified by disclosures that were made in connection with the parties’ entry into the Agreement.
The
Agreement also contains indemnification provisions by each party. We will deliver a security agreement granting ZYUS a security interest
in the Consideration Shares in support of any indemnity claims by ZYUS pursuant to the Agreement until the second anniversary of the
closing date.
In
addition, we agreed to enter into a non-competition agreement with ZYUS, pursuant to which we agree not to, for a period of four years
from the date of the non-competition agreement, within Canada and the United States, conduct business or have any financial or other
interest in any business that is the same as or substantially similar to or is competitive with the business of a healthcare software
development company for stakeholders in health sectors related to plant-based therapeutics. The non-competition agreement also includes
a confidentiality provision that prohibits us from using the confidential information relating to the assets acquired in the Asset Sale
for its own benefit or for the benefit of others.
The
foregoing descriptions of the Agreement, the security agreement and the non-competition agreement are qualified in their entirety by
reference to the full text of the Agreement, a form of the security agreement and a form of the non-competition agreement, a copy of
which is attached to our Annual Report on Form 20-F as Exhibits 4.60, 4.61 and 4.62 filed on May 15, 2019.
On
May 22, 2019, the Asset Sale closed. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, at closing, the Company received from ZYUS (i) CAD$840,000 in
cash (the remaining portion of the total cash purchase price of CAD $1.2 million), of which CAD $260,000 had been provided to us upon
execution of a non-binding term sheet and CAD$100,000 had been provided to us on April 30, 2019, pursuant to an advance, and (ii) 361,011
common shares of ZYUS, priced at CAD$5.54 per share.
On
the closing date, pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company executed (i) a six month lock-up agreement restricting the resale of
the Consideration Shares if ZYUS completes an initial public offering or going public transaction; (ii) a security agreement granting
ZYUS a security interest in the Consideration Shares in support of any indemnity claims by ZYUS pursuant to the Purchase Agreement until
the second anniversary of the closing date; and (iii) a non-competition agreement with ZYUS, pursuant to which we agreed not to, for
a period of four years from the date of the non-competition agreement, within Canada and the United States, conduct business or have
any financial or other interest in any business that is the same as or substantially similar to or is competitive with the business of
a healthcare software development company for stakeholders in health sectors related to plant-based therapeutics. The non-competition
agreement also includes a confidentiality provision that prohibits the Company from using confidential information relating to the assets
acquired in the Asset Sale for its own benefit or for the benefit of others.
In
connection with the closing of the Asset Sale, the Company terminated certain collaboration and services agreements with certain third-party
partners.
Share
Consolidation
At
the special meeting of our shareholders held on May 6, 2019, our shareholders approved a resolution authorizing the amendment of our
articles to consolidate our issued and outstanding common shares in up to three consecutive share consolidations to occur at any time
as determined by our board of directors, within one calendar year of the date of the special meeting, provided that the first consolidation,
the second consolidation, and the third consolidation shall collectively effect a consolidation on a basis of between (i) two pre-consolidation
shares to one post-consolidation share, and (ii) 200 pre-consolidation shares to one post-consolidation share. On May 13, 2019, we determined
a share consolidation ratio of 100 pre-consolidation shares to one post-consolidation share, which was effective as of May 29, 2019.
Removal
of our Common shares from the OTCQB Venture Market to Pink Open Market
On
April 30, 2019, our common shares were removed from the OTCQB Venture Market to the Pink Open Market because we were unable to cure our
bid price deficiency. The OTCQB Venture Market requires a minimum bid price of $0.01. Broker-dealers often decline to trade in over-the-counter
stocks that are quoted on the OTC Pink tier given the market for such securities are often limited, the stocks are more volatile, and
the risk to investors is greater. The share consolidation effective as of May 29, 2019, did cure the bid price deficiency; however, the
expected increase in the price of our common shares from the share consolidation may not be maintained, and there can be no assurance
that the market price of our common shares following the share consolidation will remain above the minimum bid price requirement to restore
or maintain eligibility for quotation of our common shares on OTCQB Venture Market. As of the date of this report we have not made a
new application for our common shares to be quoted on the OTCQB Venture Market.
Sale
of Myctopia Therapies (Florida)
In
December 2020, Ehave, Mycotopia Therapies Inc., a Florida corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of Ehave (“MYC”) and 20/20
Global, Inc., a Nevada corporation (“20/20 Global”), and the former officers and directors of 20/20 Global, entered into
definitive agreements that provided for: (i) 20/20 Global’s purchase for $350,000 in cash of all of the outstanding stock of MYC
from Ehave under a Stock Purchase Agreement, attached hereto as an Exhibit, resulting in MYC becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of 20/20
Global; and (ii) the change of control of 20/20 Global’s board of directors and management under a Change of Control and Funding
Agreement. In a related transaction, Ehave agreed to purchase 9,793,754 shares of 20/20 Global common stock, which constitutes approximately
75.77% of the issued and outstanding shares of 20/20 Global’s common stock, for $350,000 in cash, through a Stock Purchase Agreement
(“MYC SPA”) with 20/20 Global stockholders Mark D. Williams, Colin Gibson, and The Robert and Joanna Williams Trust. Prior
to these transactions, neither 20/20 Global nor its officers and directors had a material relationship with Ehave, MYC, or their respective
officers and directors. As a result of these transactions, Ehave now controls the board and management of 20/20 Global.
A
closing of the transactions contemplated by the above-described documents was initially scheduled for January 4, 2021, and then delayed
by agreement. All of the above transactions were closed on January 19, 2021.
As
a result of the MYC SPA, 20/20 Global is adopting MYC’s business plan and MYC became a wholly owned subsidiary of 20/20 Global,
through which 20/20 will now conduct operations. MYC is a development-stage enterprise that proposes to develop a business to provide
psychedelic-enhanced holistic methodologies to improve mental wellbeing. In the next five years, its business model will focus on the
following areas: palliative care, depression, and anxiety.
Under
the Change of Control and Funding Agreement (each, attached hereto), the current directors and officers of 20/20 Global resigned and
were replaced by designees of Ehave. Specifically, Mark D. Williams and Colin Gibson resigned as officers and directors, and Benjamin
Kaplan and Mark Croskery were appointed to serve as replacement directors for 20/20 Global. The agreements also provided for Mr. Kaplan,
the CEO of Ehave to serve as president and secretary of 20/20 Global.
We
are creating a mental health data platform that integrates with our proprietary and third-party assessment and therapeutic digital applications.
Our product focus is based on two tiers of activities: (1) MegaTeam and Ninja Reflex, our clinically validated digital assessment and
rehabilitation software that is engaging for the patient and (2) adaptation of third-party clinically validated digital assessment and
rehabilitation software for enhanced patient engagement and data modeling. We intend to provide technology solutions to clinicians, patients,
researchers, pharmaceutical companies and payors.
MegaTeam
is currently available on the Apple iOS App Store and Google Play.
Through
its KetaDash subsidiary, the Company provides a platform for medical practitioners to administer healthcare services to patients at home
Ketadash
KetaDash
Inc. (Ketadash), a wholly owned subsidiary of Ehave, Inc. (Ehave), provides a platform for medical practitioners to administer healthcare
services to patients at home. In order to facilitate the launch of Ketadash, Ehave acquired 100% of Rejuv IV inc. (Rejuv IV) through
a stock purchase agreement on January 8, 2021. Ehave then consolidated Rejuv IV into its Ketadash brand. KetaDash addresses the needs
of patients currently suffering from mental illnesses such as depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.
KetaDash improves brain wellness and cognitive function with psychedelic medicine administered by a registered nurse in the comfort of
your own home with Ketadash’s mobile wellness therapies. Ketadash provides Ketamine treatments, as well as IV infusions with fluids,
essential vitamins, minerals, and electrolytes to enhance the health and wellness of its patients. In addition to Ketamine treatments,
Ketadash generates revenue by offering its clients and patients IV Drip Detox and Hangover Cures, IV Vitamin Therapy for pain management,
Hydration Therapy for Health & Wellness, and IV Therapy for athletic advantage and fitness recovery. Ketadash uses certified nurses,
who are always prompt and will arrive on time to administer a patient’s IV drip of choice in the comfort of their home. Ketadash’s
products and services have been made public through their website https://ketadash.com/ .
MegaTeam
and Ninja Reflex Digital Assessment and Rehabilitation Applications
Our
MegaTeam and Ninja Reflex assessment and rehabilitation products are built on established methodologies for the measurement of cognitive
abilities in populations with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD. Methodologies commonly used today involve repetitive
performance of tasks using digital interface. These tasks are repeatedly administered to the patient in order to obtain accurate measures.
Many of the assessments used today had been developed using programming methodologies whereby the task is simply exhibited on screen
and the patient is instructed to respond to stimuli. Our research has found that patients, in particular those with symptoms of ADHD,
have difficulty completing the necessary regiment of tasks due to lack of engagement. Additionally, these tasks are often administered
in a clinical setting, often resulting in the patient and their accompanying parent or guardian staying in clinical settings for an extended
time. Our products have been developed to address these primary concerns as well as to enable a breadth of cognitive tasks to be assessed
and an individualized cognitive rehabilitation program to be administered remotely.
The
MegaTeam and NinjaReflex applications involve the imbedding of cognitive assessment and rehabilitation tasks within an engaging video
game environment. MegaTeam and NinjaReflex were designed and programmed with the intention of providing comparable engagement to video
game play. In the design, narrative and programming of our MegaTeam and NinjaReflex games, we utilize experts in children’s digital
content and programming. Our tools have been developed on Unity, a common game development platform that can be used on most fixed and
mobile devices, enabling the expansion of narrative and the adaptation of new character and game environments to maintain long-term engagement
of product differentiation. The underlying cognitive tools and data remain unchanged as the “skin” is adapted for future
versions and client profiles. A significant part of the MegaTeam and NinjaReflex development involved assessing user engagement and consultation
on characters, narrative and graphic design.
MegaTeam
and NinjaReflex applications have been designed for deployment on multiple digital interfaces including PC, Mac, Android and iOS systems.
Our applications may be used in a clinic or a patient’s home or remotely, provided there is an adequate data connection.
Based
on feedback from users and clinical psychologists regarding strong user engagement of our MegaTeam and NinjaReflex products, we believe
that our products have a strong capacity for training compliance.
Developed
MegaTeam and NinjaReflex products include: (1) Stop Signal Reaction Time Assessment (2) N Back Assessment (3) Inhibitory Control Rehabilitation
(4) and Working Memory Rehabilitation. We are planning the development of a broader suite of cognitive tasks and rehabilitation mechanisms
in order to increase the addressable mental health indications.
Ehave
Connect Software Platform
On
March 22, 2019, we entered into the Agreement with Zyus, pursuant to which we will sell to Zyus all of our assets relating to its health
informatics Ehave Connect platform. The Ehave Connect platform contains components specifically designed to be used by medical cannabis
patients to efficiently gather and verify patient-reported outcomes and experiences, evaluate treatment progress, enhance patient engagement
and improve data modeling.
Ehave
Connect is a cloud-based platform that allows for the input, tracking and extraction of clinical data. Based on the clinical data collected,
Ehave Connect is intended to provide patient management and digital assessment tools to healthcare providers and physicians so that they
are better equipped to provide diagnosis and treatment to patients in their care.
The
sale of the Ehave Connect Platform was completed on May 22, 2019.
Third
Party Content
We
believe that it is critical to partner across the mental healthcare community, and we have secured partnerships with industry leaders.
Partnership
with MHS
In
December 2016, we signed an agreement with MHS, a leading provider of psychological assessment tools. We have licensed MHS’s gold
standard Connors® suite of ADHD assessments, as well as the Davidson Trauma Scale and SPAN assessments for PTSD. We expect to offer
MHS’s entire catalogue of tests in time, and in so doing we believe that we can enhance the evaluation of any mental health indication.
We plan to move into areas such as anxiety, depression, OCD, autism, and more.
The
Hospital for Sick Children
In
December 2011, we entered into a collaboration with Toronto’s Hospital for Sick Children to identify the clinical needs, design
and processes required to create clinical grade toolsets. In addition to specific tools, we have developed a content delivery and patient
data platform, known as Resource Knowledge Information Access that enables content to be deployed, monitored, analyzed and accessed remotely
by clinicians and patients. These tools were used during randomized control studies of the MegaTeam game and will be used in future trials
with the Hospital for Sick Children.
Third-party
Contract Services
We
believe that we have the expertise of understanding the complexities of mental health assessments and rehabilitation methodologies, along
with game design and programming. Researchers and developers of digital applications for mental health may recognize the advantage of
engaged users, but lack the expertise in game based translation. We intend to market our company to researchers and developers with fee-based
services to enhance their digital applications. We are working closely with mental health research networks to avail our existing MegaTeam
and NinjaReflex tools as well as our programming expertise to enhance and commercialize new products and services.
Business
Strategy
Ehave,
Inc. is a provider of digital therapeutics delivering evidence-based therapeutic interventions to patients. Our primary focus is on improving
the standard care in therapeutics to prevent or treat brain disorders or diseases through the use of digital therapeutics, psychedelics,
independently or together, with medications, devices, and other therapies to optimize patient care and health outcomes meeting privacy
and HIPAA & GDPR Compliant. Our main product is the Ehave Dashboard which is a mental health informatics platform that allows clinicians
to make objective and intelligent decisions through data insight using Blockchain technology. The Ehave dashboard offers Offline Encrypted
Digital Records Empowering Healthcare providers and patients and it’s a powerful machine learning and artificial intelligence platform
using artificial intelligence to extract deep insights from audio, video and text to improve research with a growing set of advanced
tools and applications developed by Ehave and its leading partners. This empowers patients, healthcare providers, and payers to address
a wide range of conditions through high quality, safe, and effective data-driven involvement with intelligent and accessible tools.
Our
business strategy is to develop and MegaTeam and Ninja Reflex in an effective and timely manner and gain access to additional technologies
at a time and in a manner that we believe is best for our development. We intend to achieve our business strategy by focusing on these
key areas:
●
Development of the Ehave Dashboard, an extensible platform upon which powerful, condition-specific applications can be designed, built,
clinically validated, and deployed
●
expanding MegaTeam and Ninja Reflex with additional game titles, and participate in further clinical studies with Hospital for Sick Children
on the CHILD-BRIGHT network, which is a Canadian research network that aims to improve the lives of children with brain-based development
disabilities we are a partner to and provider of in-kind services and support);
●
forming strategic alliances with publishers of psychological assessments, at a time and in a manner where such alliances may complement
and expand our research and development efforts on the product and provide sales and marketing capabilities;
●
developing relationships with pharmaceutical and insurance companies that could be instrumental in deploying our technology to drug development
and treatment monitoring; and
●
developing relationships with companies that could be instrumental in assisting us to access other innovative therapeutics.
●
develop a Multi-Tier Global Partnership with MyLifeID that will allow individuals to carry their health and mental health records with
them at all times. This partnership allows individuals to store their health and mental health history on the MyLifeID Pocket Cloud™,
which will be able to be accessed by medical providers through Ehave’s dashboard.
●
plans to utilize its mental health informatics platform and assets acquired from CureDash Inc., in January 2021, to optimize patient
care and health outcomes in conjunction with Ketamine therapy for mental health. Ehave plans to advance Ketamine therapy research and
commercialization through its wholly-owned subsidiary, KetaDash.
Our
business strategy is based on attaining a number of commercial objectives, which, in turn, are supported by a number of product development
goals. Our product development presently being conducted is primarily of a research and development nature.
Market
We
anticipate that the principal markets for our software products will initially include North America. Thereafter, we hope to expand our
markets to Europe and Asia. Currently our products are being deployed in Canada. Currently, Ketadash operates in California, though the
Company intends to expand to other states.
Mental
healthcare, including its assessment and treatment, is a significant market. Forty-four million adults in the United States are estimated
to experience mental illness per year, which is 20% of the population. The size of the U.S. mental health treatment market is $113 billion,
and the size of private insurance spending on mental health is $32 billion. The size of the cognitive assessment market world-wide is
over $2.4 billion. (Source: Mental Health America - State of Mental Health Report, 2016; SAMSHA Spending Estimates Project, 2010;
MarketsandMarkets, 2015).
ADHD
is a common affliction with worldwide prevalence estimated at approximately 7% (Source: “Prevalence of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis”, Rae Thomas, Sharon Sanders, Jenny Doust, Elaine Beller, Paul Glasziou, Pediatrics
Feb 2015, peds.2014-3482; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-3482). ADHD symptoms typically start or are first noticed in preschool age children
(“Prevalence of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis”, Rae Thomas, Sharon Sanders,
Jenny Doust, Elaine Beller, Paul Glasziou, Pediatrics Feb 2015, peds.2014-3482; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-3482). While symptoms may
decline with age, ADHD symptoms and impairments can persist into adolescence and adulthood (Source: “A lifetime of attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder: diagnostic challenges, treatment and neurobiological mechanism”, Julia Geissler and Klaus-Peter Lesch, Expert Review
Of Neurotherapeutics Vol. 11 , Iss. 10,2011).
On
March 5, 2019, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first new medication for major depression in decades, a nasal spray
called esketamine, derived from ketamine.
Because
treatment with esketamine might be so helpful to patients with treatment-resistant depression (meaning standard treatments had not helped
them), the FDA expedited the approval process to make it more quickly available. In a study of patients with treatment resistant depression,
22 patients were examined after they finished the induction phase of 8–10 repeated intravenous ketamine infusions. They showed
a 47.2% reduction response in depression, showing significantly decreased depression symptoms without impairing cognitive performance.
Dai, D., Miller, C., Valdivia, V. et al. Neurocognitive effects of repeated ketamine infusion treatments in patients with treatment
resistant depression: a retrospective chart review. BMC Psychiatry 22, 140 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-03789-3
Competition
For
our MegaTeam and Ninja Reflex game applications, we are aware of a few competitors, including Akili Interactive, Attentiv, Myndlift and
C8Sciences. Many of these companies are currently conducting clinical trials. Our strategy for game development starts from using known
proven clinical measures rather than creating new measures, and we believe that the advantage of this methodology is that broad normative
data does not need to be established and the barrier to clinical adoption may be lower with known measures that clinicians are already
comfortable with.
While
our KetaDash program is not intended to compete generally with Electronic Health Records (EHR) systems, we view general EHR systems as
our main competition. Such systems from Epic, Allscripts and GE Healthcare are leaders in the EHR market, have been in business for many
years and are better funded than our offering. However, because we intend to focus on specifically on Ketamine clinics, we believe our
software will be attractive to the market we intend to serve and will offer specializations not readily available in more general EHR
systems.
There
are several companies offering Ketamine infusion therapy for the treatment of mental illness, including Novamind and Field Trip Health.
KetaDash differentiates itself from these companies as Ketadash provides Ketamine treatments in a patient’s home instead of making
them go to a clinic. This will allow us to expand more quickly as we do not require physical locations and are not burdened with the
ongoing rent expense.
Product
Differentiation
We
strive to provide the best tools and resources for today’s populations suffering from mental illness. Many of the incumbent products
have been developed and validated in their academic forms, which, we believe, lack appeal for today’s clients and practitioners.
We believe there is a demand for real time, data-rich digital tools that enable individual treatment and ongoing monitoring, while a
significant portion of the existing market for cognitive assessment and therapy relies upon paper-based tools and checklists that have
little or no connected monitoring capacity or real-time progress reporting. As such, we seek to develop products with the following key
features: (1) user engagement, (2) data richness, (3) clinically validated, and (4) multi-screen and mobile deployment.
Our
assessment products are derived from designs and methods clinically studied. Our plans include the study of our derived products and
cognitive rehabilitation software through clinical studies led by hospitals. These studies include multiple phases from pilot studies
through affected population studies and allow the measurement, using various criteria and techniques, of the effect of our cognitive
rehabilitation program on target populations.
Likewise
we are applying the same methodology to our KetaDash offering. As the use of Ketamine in the treatment of mental health is an emerging
field, we intend the KetaDash software to provide the data richness necessary to evaluate patient progress and outcomes.
Marketing
Our
marketing channels consist of direct sales and leveraging partners for market outreach. Our current strategy is for direct sales to publishing
partners, medical device partners, medical professionals and pharmaceutical companies. Through these partnerships, we gain access to
clinicians and the patients they serve.
We
also engage a public relations firm to help reach media outlets.
Regulatory
Requirements
Our
future business operations and activities in the U.S. may be directly or indirectly subject to subject to certain federal and state laws
relating to the privacy and security of health information, and state and federal laws designed to guard against healthcare fraud and
abuse, including, but not limited to, those described below.
● |
HIPAA,
as amended by HITECH, established comprehensive requirements related to the privacy, security, and transmission of individually identifiable
health information. It governs patient privacy practices of healthcare providers, health plans, and healthcare clearinghouses (or
“covered entities”), as well as their respective business associates to the extent that they perform services for or
on behalf of the covered entities that involve the use or disclosure of protected health information. HIPAA also mandates notification
in the event of a breach and regulates standardization of data content, codes and formats used in healthcare transactions. Covered
entities and business associates may be subject to significant civil and criminal penalties, as well as enforcement by state attorneys
general, for violations of HIPAA or its implementing regulations. |
|
|
● |
HIPAA
also imposes federal criminal and civil liability for knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud
any healthcare benefit program or obtain, by means of false or fraudulent pretenses, representations, or promises, any of the money
or property owned by, or under the custody or control of, any healthcare benefit program, regardless of the payor (e.g., public or
private) and knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up by any trick or device a material fact or making any materially
false statements in connection with the delivery of, or payment for, healthcare benefits, items or services relating to healthcare
matters. |
|
|
● |
The
federal Anti-Kickback Statute which prohibits, among other things, persons from knowingly and willfully soliciting, receiving, offering
or paying remuneration, directly or indirectly, in cash or in kind, to induce or reward, or in return for, either the referral of
an individual for, or the purchase, order, or recommendation of, an item or service reimbursable under a federal healthcare program,
such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs. |
|
|
● |
The
federal Civil False Claims Act imposes liability on any person or entity, which, among other things, knowingly presents, or causes
to be presented, a false or fraudulent claim for payment by a federal healthcare program. The “qui tam” or “whistleblower”
provisions of the False Claims Act allow a private individual to bring actions on behalf of the federal government, alleging that
the defendant has submitted a false claim to the federal government, and to share in any monetary recovery. |
|
|
● |
The
federal Civil Monetary Penalties Law prohibits, among other things, the offering or transfer of remuneration to a Medicare or state
health care program beneficiary if the person knows or should know it is likely to influence the beneficiary’s selection of
a particular provider, practitioner, or supplier of services reimbursable by Medicare or a state health care program, unless an exception
applies. |
|
|
● |
Analogous
state fraud and abuse laws and regulations, such as state anti-kickback and false claims laws, may apply to items or services reimbursed
under Medicaid, other state programs, or, in some states, private third-party payors. In addition, many U.S. states have enacted
patient confidentiality laws that protect against the disclosure of confidential medical information, and many states have adopted
or are considering adopting further legislation in this area, including privacy safeguards, security standards, and data security
breach notification requirements. These state laws, which may be even more stringent than the HIPAA requirements, many of which differ
from each other in significant ways and are often not preempted by the federal requirements. |
FDA’s
Medical Device Regulation
The
FDA has broad authority over the regulation of medical devices marketed for sale in the United States. The FDA regulates the research,
clinical testing, manufacturing, safety, labeling, storage, recordkeeping, premarket clearance or approval, promotion, distribution and
production of medical devices. The FDA also regulates the export of medical devices manufactured in the United States to international
markets.
Under
the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, the FDA classifies medical devices into one of three classes: Class 1, Class 2 or Class 3.
Medical devices deemed to pose lower risk are placed into either Class 1 or Class 2.
Class
1 medical devices are deemed to pose the lowest risk to the patient. Accordingly, Class 1 medical devices are subject to the lowest degree
of regulatory scrutiny and need only comply with the FDA’s General Controls. The General Controls include compliance with the registration,
listing, adverse event reporting requirements, and applicable portions of the Quality Systems Regulation, or QSR, as well as the general
misbranding and adulteration prohibitions. Unless specifically exempted in the regulations, general controls require a company that intends
to market a Class 1 medical device, like us, to gain clearance for marketing through the 510(k) process. Many Class 1 medical devices,
however, are exempt from 510(k) clearance because the level of risk is low.
Class
2 medical devices are considered higher risk devices than Class I medical devices. Class 2 medical devices are subject to General Controls
as well as additional Special Controls. Special Controls may include labeling requirements, mandatory performance standards, and post
market surveillance. Generally, companies that intend to market Class 2 medical devices, like us, must comply with applicable regulations
and submit a 510(k) premarket submission for review to receive clearance to list and market their medical devices. The 510(k) must establish
substantial equivalence to a predicate medical device. Some Class 2 medical devices are exempt from filing a 510(k) but in some instances,
Class II medical devices may be required to file a Premarket Approval, or PMA, application.
Medical
devices deemed by the FDA to pose the greatest risk, such as life-sustaining, life-supporting or implantable devices, or devices deemed
not substantially equivalent to a previously cleared medical device, are classified as Class 3 medical devices and require a PMA before
commercialization.
All
medical device manufacturers must register their establishments with the FDA; such registrations require the payment of user fees. In
addition, both 510(k) premarket submissions and PMA applications are subject to the payment of user fees, paid at the time of submission
for FDA review.
The
use of forms and tools for the measurement and assessment of behavioral and cognitive abilities are considered computerized cognitive
assessment aids by the FDA. The FDA currently classifies such products as Class II medical devices. Currently we are engaging in clinical
trials of Ehave MegaTeam games outside of the United States. Such clinical trials are being performed to prove efficacy and may have
supporting evidence in the event that we filed an marketing application in the United States and the FDA requires this data before we
are able to market, advertise or sell our Ehave MegaTeam games in the United States.
510(k)
Clearance Pathway
If
required to obtain 510(k) clearance for our Ehave MegaTeam games or any other computerized cognitive assessment aid products in the future,
such products may be classified as medical devices and we would may be required to submit a premarket notification demonstrating that
the proposed medical device is substantially equivalent to a previously cleared 510(k) device. FDA’s 510(k) clearance pathway usually
takes from three to twelve months. On average the review time is approximately six months, but it can take significantly longer than
twelve months in some instances, as the FDA may require additional information, including clinical data, to make a determination regarding
substantial equivalence.
After
a medical device receives 510(k) clearance, any modification that could significantly affect its safety or effectiveness, or that would
constitute a new or major change in its intended use, will require a new 510(k) clearance or, depending on the modification, require
a PMA. The FDA requires each manufacturer to determine whether the proposed change requires submission of a new 510(k) notice, or a premarket
approval, but the FDA can review any such decision and can disagree with a manufacturer’s determination. If the FDA disagrees with
a manufacturer’s determination, the FDA can require the manufacturer to cease marketing and/or recall the modified device until
510(k) clearance or premarket approval is obtained. If the FDA requires us to seek 510(k) clearance or premarket approval for any modifications
to a previously cleared product, we may be required to cease marketing or recall the modified device until we obtain this clearance or
approval. Also, in these circumstances, we may be subject to significant regulatory fines or penalties. We have made and plan to continue
to make additional product enhancements to products that we believe do not require new 510(k) clearances, but we cannot guarantee that
the future enhancements, should they occur, will be exempt from new 510(k) clearances.
De
Novo Reclassification
If
we decide to market, advertise or sell our Ehave MegaTeam games or any other any other computerized cognitive assessment aid products
in the future, such products may not have a suitable predicate medical device to be cleared as a 510(k) medical device. If the FDA finds
that there is no suitable predicate medical device, it will automatically be considered our Ehave MegaTeam games or any other computerized
cognitive assessment aid products that we apply for clearance to market, advertise or sell in the future a Class III medical device.
However, in instances where a medical device is novel and there is no suitable predicate device, but that medical device is deemed to
be of low to moderate risk, the FDA may reclassify the device to Class I or Class II via de novo reclassification petition pathway. This
process involves the submission of a de novo reclassification petition, and the FDA’s acceptance that “special controls”
are adequate to ensure the product’s performance and safety.
The
FDA now allows de novo reclassification petitions, a mechanism by which a sponsor can directly submit a detailed de novo reclassification
petition as the device’s initial submission without having to first receive a not substantially equivalent, or NSE, decision on
a 510(k) submission. Historically, the de novo reclassification pathway typically would take at least 9 to 12 months from filing to clearance.
Since the enactment of the 21st Century Cures Act, de novo classification petitions may be submitted to the FDA at any time
and does not require a FDA finding of not substantially equivalent to a 510(k) application before the petition is made. FDA must respond
to any de novo classification requests within 120 days of a completed petition.
In
the future, we may decide to submit a de novo reclassification petition for our Ehave MegaTeam games or any other computerized cognitive
assessment aid products that we may develop. To support a de novo reclassification petition, our objective would be to demonstrate that
the proposed medical device poses a low to moderate risk to patients. If the FDA determines that such a product is not a candidate for
de novo reclassification, it will require approval of the device for market through the PMA application process.
Alternatively,
if we seek 510(k) clearance and our medical device is found not substantially equivalent, or NSE, the FDA will consider a de novo petition
if our proposed medical device has been determined to be NSE due to: (1) the lack of an identifiable predicate medical device, (2) a
new intended use, or (3) different technological characteristics to a predicate device that raise different questions of safety and effectiveness.
The de novo classification request should include a description of the medical device, labeling for the device, reasons for the recommended
classification and information to support the recommendation. Should the FDA believe our proposed medical device’s general controls
or general and special controls provides reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness, the FDA may classify our medical device as
a Class II medical device. If the FDA classifies the device into Class II, we will then receive an approval order to market the device.
This device type can then be used as a predicate device for future 510(k) submissions. However, if the FDA subsequently determines that
the device will remain in the Class III category, then we may not be marketed until we have obtained a PMA.
Premarket
Approval Pathway
A
PMA application must be submitted if a medical device cannot be cleared through the 510(k) process or by de novo reclassification petition.
The PMA application process is generally more costly and time consuming than the 510(k) process. A PMA application must be supported
by extensive data including, but not limited to, analytical, preclinical, clinical trials, manufacturing, statutory preapproval inspections,
and labeling to demonstrate to the FDA’s satisfaction the safety and effectiveness of the medical device for its intended use.
After
a PMA application is sufficiently complete, the FDA will accept the application and begin an in-depth review of the submitted information.
By statute, the FDA has 180 days to review the “accepted application,” although, generally, review of the application can
take between one and three years, but it may take significantly longer. During this review period, the FDA may request additional information
or clarification of information already provided. Also during the review period, an advisory panel of experts from outside the FDA may
be convened to review and evaluate the application and provide recommendations to the FDA as to the approvability of the medical device.
The preapproval inspections conducted by the FDA include an evaluation of the manufacturing facility to ensure compliance with the QSR,
as well as inspections of the clinical trial sites by the Bioresearch Monitoring group to evaluate compliance with good clinical practice
and human subject protections. New premarket approval applications or premarket approval application supplements are required for modifications
that affect the safety or effectiveness of the medical device, including, for example, certain types of modifications to the medical
device’s indication for use, manufacturing process, labeling and design. Significant changes to an approved PMA require a 180-day
supplement, whereas less substantive changes may utilize a 30-day notice, or the 135-day supplement. PMA supplements often require submission
of the same type of information as a PMA application, except that the supplement is limited to information needed to support any changes
from the medical device covered by the original PMA application, and may not require as extensive clinical data or the convening of an
advisory panel. None of our products are currently approved under a premarket approval and we do not believe that we will ever have a
product that requires a PMA.
Clinical
Trials
Clinical
trials are almost always required to support a PMA application or de novo reclassification petition and are sometimes required for a
510(k) premarket notification. If we decide to market, advertise or sell our Ehave MegaTeam and NinjaReflex games or any other any other
computerized cognitive assessment aid products that we may develop in the future, and if the FDA believes that such product presents
a potential “significant risk” to health, safety, or the welfare of a human subject, the FDA may require us to collect safety
and effectiveness data on human subjects regardless of our device’s classification. If we are required to collect data on human
subjects, the FDA will require us to file an application for an Investigational Device Exemption, or IDE with the FDA and obtain IDE
approval prior to commencing the human clinical trials. The IDE application must be supported by appropriate pre-clinical data, such
as animal and laboratory testing results, showing that it is safe to test the device in humans and that the testing protocol is scientifically
sound. The IDE application must be approved in advance by the FDA for a specified number of patients, unless the product is deemed a
“non-significant risk” device and eligible for more abbreviated investigational device exemption requirements. Clinical trials
for a significant risk device may begin once the IDE application is approved by the FDA and the appropriate institutional review boards
at the clinical trial sites. Future clinical trials of our motion preservation designs will require that we obtain an IDE from the FDA
prior to commencing clinical trials and that the trial be conducted under the oversight of an institutional review board at the clinical
trial site. Our clinical trials must be conducted in accordance with FDA regulations and other federal and state regulations concerning
human subject protection, including informed consent and healthcare privacy. A clinical trial may be suspended by the FDA or the IRB
at any time for various reasons, including a belief that the risks to the study participants outweigh the benefits of participation in
the study. Even if a study is completed, the results of our clinical trials may not demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the medical
device, or may be equivocal or otherwise not be sufficient to obtain approval of our Ehave MegaTeam and NinjaReflex game or any other
computerized cognitive assessment aid products that we may develop in the future. At this time, we do not plan on marketing, advertising
or selling our Ehave MegaTeam and NinjaReflex games or any other computerized cognitive assessment aid products in the United States
and therefore, do not anticipate performing clinical trials in the United States.
Patents
and Trade Secrets
The
patent positions and proprietary rights of pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms, including us, are generally uncertain and involve
complex legal and factual questions. We believe there will continue to be significant litigation in the industry regarding patent and
other intellectual property rights.
We
have not registered any patents in respect of Megateam and NinjaReflex; however, we maintain our proprietary server architecture and
mobile applications as trade secrets. We have registered the trade name “Ehave, Inc.” and own the domain “ehave.com.”
We
rely on unpatented trade secrets and improvements, unpatented know-how and continuing technological innovation to develop and maintain
our competitive position. No assurance can be given that others will not independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary information
and techniques, or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets or disclose such technology, or that we can meaningfully protect our rights
to our unpatented trade secrets.
We
require our employees and consultants to execute confidentiality agreements upon the commencement of employment and consulting relationships
with us. These agreements provide that all confidential information developed by or made known to an individual during the course of
the employment or consulting relationship generally must be kept confidential. In the case of employees, the agreements provide that
all inventions conceived by the individual, while employed by us, relating to our business are our exclusive property. While we have
implemented reasonable business measurements to protect confidential information, these agreements may not provide meaningful protection
for our trade secrets in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of such information.
Seasonality
of Business
Our
results of operations have not been materially impacted by seasonality.
|
C. |
Organizational
Structure |
The
following is a list of our principal subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities as of the date of this annual report on Form 20-F:
Name |
|
Place
of Formation |
|
Relationship |
Mycotopia Therapies, Inc. |
|
Nevada |
|
Majority Owned Subsidiary
(1) |
KetaDash LLC |
|
Florida |
|
Wholly Owned Subsidiary |
HPPD Inc. |
|
Florida |
|
Wholly Owned Subsidiary |
(1)
On January 19, 2021, we sold Mycotopia Therapies, Inc. (Florida) to 20/20 Global, Inc. (now known as Mycotopia Therapies, Inc., a Nevada
corporation) for $350,000 in cash. Simultaneously, we purchased a majority of the issued and outstanding stock of 20/20 Global for its
majority stockholders. We own approximately 70% of 20/20 Global and Mycotopia Therapies, Inc. (Florida) is a wholly owned subsidiary
of 20/20 Global.
|
D. |
Property,
Plants and Equipment |
We
currently reimburse our CEO for office space that he has under lease. Our lease expense is $2,500 per month. We do not own or lease any
other office space, manufacturing facilities or equipment and do not have any current plans to construct or acquire any facilities.
ITEM
4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Not
applicable.
ITEM
5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
You
should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the financial statements
and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 20-F. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements
that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs, including our belief as to the potential of MegaTeam and Ninja Reflex applications as
an effective remediation tool for ADHD and our expectations as to the success of our research and related content distribution in 2022
and beyond, future financial position, business strategy and plans for future operations, and statements that are not historical facts,
involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties]. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking
statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this Annual Report
on Form 20-F, particularly those in “Item 3. Key Information – D. Risk Factors.” See also “Special Note Regarding
Forward-Looking Statements.”
With
respect to the forward-looking statements made within this Item 5, we have made numerous assumptions regarding among other things: our
ability to obtain financing to fund our continuing development programs, the results of our clinical trials, our ability to obtain commercial
sales, and future expense levels being within our current expectations. Investors are cautioned against placing undue reliance on forward-looking
statements. We do not undertake to update these forward-looking statements except as required by applicable law.
Overview
We
are creating a medical psychedelics and mental health data platform that integrates with our proprietary and third-party assessment and
therapeutic digital applications. Our product focus is based on two tiers of activities: (1) MegaTeam and Ninja Reflex, our clinically
validated digital assessment and rehabilitation software that is engaging for the patient, and (2) adaptation of custom and third-party
clinically validated digital assessment and rehabilitation software for enhanced patient engagement and data modeling. We intend to provide
technology solutions to clinicians, patients, researchers, pharmaceutical companies and payors.
Additionally,
through our KetaDash subsidiary, we provide a platform for medical practitioners to administer healthcare services to patients at home,
with an emphasis on providing ketamine infusion services.
We
qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As a result, we are permitted to, and intend to, rely on exemptions
from certain disclosure requirements. For so long as we are an emerging growth company, we will not be required to:
● |
have
an auditor report on our internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; |
|
|
● |
comply
with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation
or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (i.e.,
an auditor discussion and analysis); |
|
|
● |
submit
certain executive compensation matters to shareholder advisory votes, such as “say-on-pay” and “say-on-frequency;”
and |
|
|
● |
disclose
certain executive compensation related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons
of the CEO’s compensation to median employee compensation. |
In
addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period
provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an emerging
growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies.
We have elected to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period. Our financial statements may therefore not be comparable
to those of companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.
We
will remain an “emerging growth company” for up to five years, or until the earliest of (i) the last day of the first fiscal
year in which our total annual gross revenues exceed $1.07 billion, (ii) the date that we become a “large accelerated filer”
as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which would occur if the market value of our ordinary shares that
is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter or (iii)
the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt during the preceding three year period.
Critical
Accounting Policies and Estimates
The
preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires companies to make estimates and assumptions that affect the
reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates and judgments are
subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty, and actual results may differ. Our significant accounting policies are more fully described
in Note 1 to our financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report. Critical accounting estimates and judgments are continually
evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable
under the circumstances, and are particularly important to the portrayal of our financial position and results of operations. Our estimates
are primarily guided by observing the following critical accounting policies.
Financial
Overview
Our
operations have been funded, to date, primarily through the sale of our common shares in a public offering and series of private placements
of convertible notes and warrants. For the year ended December 31, 2021, we raised an aggregate of approximately $3,014,000 to fund our
operations, from the issuance of convertible notes and warrants and through our offering pursuant to Regulation A.
During
the year ended December 31, 2021, we issued convertible promissory notes in the principal amount of $1,713,700, in the aggregate. The
principal amount includes $223,950 of original issue discount and 6,787,000 warrants with an exercise price of $0.01 per share. The term
of the notes are 18 months and carry an effective interest rate of 10.00%. The notes mature from July 2022 to August 2022. The convertible
promissory notes are convertible into shares of common stock at $0.01 per share. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we converted
$1,469,004 of principal debt and interest, and issued 141,635,524 shares of common stock, in the aggregate, upon conversion of the convertible
promissory notes.
Operating
Losses
Since
our inception, we have incurred significant operating losses. Our net losses were $8,613,529 and $3,514,736 for the years ended December
31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, we had an accumulated deficit of $26,256,033. We expect to continue to incur
significant expenses and operating losses over the next several years. Our net losses may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter
and from year to year. We anticipate that our expenses will increase significantly as we plan to continue development and commercialization
of MegaTeam, NinjaReflex and KetaDash products as well as to engage in continuing research and development related to products and services.
Years
Ended December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020
Revenues
We
have no revenue from continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
General
and Administrative
General
and administrative expenses increased $2,759,725 to $6,681,261 for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to $3,921,536 for the year
ended December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily due to the increase of stock-based compensation in the amount of $1,887,807, compensation
to the Chief Executive Officer of $592,137, and medical advisory board fees, related travel, consulting and professional fees in the
amount of $279,781.
Other
income and expenses
The
Company recorded other expense for the year ended December 31, 2021 in the amount of $2,012,487 compared to $406,800 of other income
for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase in expense in the amount of $2,419,287 primarily relates to the increase in amortization
expense of $1,136,698, the decrease in gain on settlement of debt in the amount of $4,180,451, and the decrease in other income of $176,933,
offset by the decrease in the loss on the change in fair value of derivative liability in the amount of $3,004,387, the decrease in interest
expense of $70,408.
|
B. |
Liquidity
and Capital Resources |
Through
December 31, 2021, we have incurred an accumulated deficit of $26,316,815, primarily as a result of expenses incurred through a combination
of development and commercialization activities related to our products and general and administrative expenses supporting those activities,
as well as a net loss of $8,693,748 and negative operating cash flows during the year ending December 31, 2021. Our total cash balance
as of December 31, 2021 was $2,350,741. At December 31, 2021, we had a working capital deficit of $474,950. We anticipate that we will
continue to incur losses and negative cash flows from operations, and that such losses will increase over the next several years due
to development costs associated with our Ehave Dashboard, MegaTeam, and Ninja Reflex products, until our products reach commercial profitability.
As a result of these expected losses and negative cash flows from operations, along with our current cash position, based on our current
projections, we may not have sufficient resources to fund operations through the third quarter of 2022. Therefore, there is substantial
doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
Our
plans include the continued commercialization of our products and raising capital through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings,
other third-party funding and other collaborations and strategic partnerships. There are no assurances, however, that we will be successful
in obtaining the level of financing needed for our operations. We are exploring various financing options including equity funding and
strategic collaboration. However, there are no assurances that we will be successful in obtaining the level of financing needed for our
operations or that any such financing would be on terms favorable to us. Any future financing may involve substantial dilution to existing
investors. If we are unsuccessful in commercializing our products and raising capital, we may need to reduce activities, curtail or cease
operations.
On
April 30, 2019, our common shares were removed from the OTCQB Venture Market to the Pink Open Market because we were unable to cure our
bid price deficiency. We expect the share consolidation, expected to be effective as of May 27, 2019, to cure the bid price deficiency;
however, the expected increase in the price of our common shares from the share consolidation may not be maintained, and there can be
no assurance that the market price of our common shares following the share consolidation will remain above the minimum bid price requirement
to restore or maintain eligibility for quotation of our common shares on OTCQB Venture Market. If we fail to restore or maintain the
eligibility for quotation of our common shares on OTCQB Venture Market, our ability to obtain additional financing through the public
or private sale of our securities would be adversely affected.
Operating
Activities
Net
cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $1,963,788, which includes a net loss of $8,693,748, offset
by non-cash adjustments of $6,178,437 principally related to stock based compensation expense of $2,816,602, equity payable to the Chief
Executive Officer recorded as operating expense of $1,282,826, impairment of fixed assets of $100,000, amortization of debt discount
of $1,939,675, non-cash interest expense of $18,954, depreciation expense of $19,899, and loss on settlement of debt of $480. The change
in net working capital items resulted in an increase the cash of $551,523 primarily related to the increase in account payable and other
payables of $224,638, and the decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $326,885.
Investing
Activities
Net
cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $212,582 from the purchase of fixed assets.
Financing
Activities
Net
cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $2,664,921, principally related to the proceeds from convertible
notes in the amount of $1,512,000 and the proceeds from Reg A investments of $1,502,000, offset by repayment of promissory notes of $349,079.
|
C. |
Research
and Development, Patents, and Licenses, etc. |
Ongoing
research and development is critical to our success. We seek to engage with reputable research and clinical institutions to access and
assist tools and methods developed. We hope to finance our research and development with government and research grants and internal
funds. Our research and development is comprised primarily of software development expenditures. We intend to continue to research and
develop new technologies and products for the mental health market. There can be no assurance that we can achieve any or all of our research
and development goals.
It
is important to note that historical patterns of expenditures cannot be taken as an indication of future expenditures. The amount and
timing of expenditures and availability of capital resources vary substantially from period to period, depending on the level of development
activity being undertaken at any one time and the availability of funding from investors and prospective strategic partners. See discussion
in Parts A and B of Item 5: “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” for a description of the trend information relevant
to us. Except as disclosed elsewhere in our annual report, we know of no trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events that are
reasonably likely to have a material effect on our liquidity or capital resources or that would cause reported financial information
not necessarily to be indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.
|
E. |
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements |
We
are not party to any transactions, agreements or other contractual arrangements with unconsolidated entities whereby we have financial
guarantees, subordinated retained interests, derivative instruments or other contingent arrangements that expose us to material continuing
risks, contingent liabilities, or any other obligations under a variable interest in an unconsolidated entity that provides us with financing,
liquidity, market risk or credit risk support.
|
F. |
Tabular
Disclosure of Contractual Obligations |
We
have the following contractual obligations as of December 31, 2020:
Contractual Obligations
| |
Payments Due by Period | |
| |
| Total $ | | |
| Less than 1 year $ | | |
| 2-3 years $ | | |
| 4-5 years $ | | |
| After 5 years $ | |
Capital lease obligations | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
Operating lease (1) | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
Purchase obligations | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
Other long term obligations | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
Total contractual obligations | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | |
Note:
(1) |
Our
operating leases are comprised of our office leases and exclude our portion of operating costs. Our office lease was terminated in
June 2019. |
We
expect to fund our capital expenditure requirements and commitments with existing working capital.
We
seek safe harbor for our forward-looking statements contained in Items 5.E and F. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking
Statements”.
ITEM
6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
|
A. |
Directors
and Senior Management |
The
following table sets forth the names, ages and positions of our current board members and executive officers:
Name |
|
Age |
|
Position
with the Company |
|
Director
of the
Company
Since |
Ben Kaplan |
|
52 |
|
President, Chief Executive
Officer |
|
June
24, 2019 |
Jay Cardwell |
|
62 |
|
Chief Financial Officer |
|
October
1, 2020 |
Binyomin Posen |
|
29 |
|
Chairman of the Board,
Director |
|
August
21, 2018 |
Zeke Kaplan |
|
36 |
|
Director |
|
August
21, 2018 |
The
business address of our officers and directors is c/o Ehave, Inc., 100 SE 2nd St., Suite 2000, Miami, FL 33160.
Our
directors are elected for a term of one year and serve until such director’s successor is duly elected and qualified. Our executive
officer serves at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. None of our directors have any family relationships with any of our other directors
or executive officer.
Certain
of our directors are associated with other companies, which may give rise to conflicts of interest. In accordance with the Business Corporations
Act (Ontario), directors who have a material interest in any person who is a party to a material contract or a proposed material contract
with us are required, subject to certain exceptions, to disclose that interest and abstain from voting on any resolution to approve that
contract. In addition, the directors are required to act honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of Ehave Inc.
We
are not aware of any arrangement or understanding with major shareholders, customers, suppliers or others, pursuant to which any person
referred to above was selected as a director or officer.
Biographies
Benjamin
Kaplan, CEO
Mr.
Kaplan has served as the CEO of Ehave for the past 16 months and on the board since June 2020 as Chairman. Ben has been an entrepreneur
working for over 20 years in the financial sector, beginning in New York City. He is an investor in many companies both public and private,
with a focus on international growth and potential for a global presence. In 2014, Ben was a Founding member of Kaya Jamaica Inc. the
largest cannabis company in the Caribbean (GROWKAYA.com). Ben sits on the Board of Kaya. In 2014, Ben invested in Surna (OTCQB: SRNA),
a global HVAC company that provides engineering and build outs high technology facilities. In 2015 Ben made an investment in Kalytera
(TSX: KALY), a botanical-based Pharma company out of Israel carrying on research towards curing various illnesses and with Phase 2 trials
for a cure for GVHD (graft versus host disease). In 2014 Ben invested Surna (OTCQB: SRNA), a global HVAC company that provides engineering
and build outs high technology facilities. In 2015 Ben made an investment in Kalytera (TSX: KALY), a botanical-based Pharma company out
of Israel carrying on research towards curing various illnesses and with Phase 2 trials for a cure for GVHD (graft versus host disease).
In 2018 Ben, with a group of investors, acquired a 30,000 strong sales force in over 20 countries as part of the acquisition of Stemtech.com
out of bankruptcy. Ben sits on the board of Stemtech.
Binyomin
Posen, Chairman of the Board, Director
Mr.
Posen is a Senior Analyst at Plaza Capital Limited, where he focuses on corporate finance, capital markets and helping companies to go
public. After three and a half years of studies overseas, he returned to complete his baccalaureate degree in Toronto. Upon graduating
(on the Dean’s List) he began his career as an analyst at a Toronto boutique investment bank where his role consisted of raising
funds for IPOs and RTOs, business development for portfolio companies and client relations. He is currently director and senior officer
at Agau Resources Inc. and director of Senternet Phi Gamma Inc. and director and senior officer at Jiminex Inc. Currently, Mr. Posen
is Director, Chief Executive & Financial Officer of Prominex Resource Corp., Director, Chief Executive & Financial Officer at
Jiminex, Inc., Director, Chief Executive & Financial Officer at Shane Resources Ltd., Director, Chief Executive & Financial Officer
for Sniper Resources Ltd., President, CEO, CFO, Secretary & Director at Agau Resources, Inc., Chief Executive Officer, CFO &
Director at Academy Explorations Ltd., Director, Chief Executive & Financial Officer of Hinterland Metals, Inc. and President at
2778533 Ontario, Inc.
Jay
Cardwell, CFO
James
Cardwell has more than 37 years of experience in, among other things, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) reporting
and compliance, financial reporting and tax research and compliance. Since July 2015, Mr. Cardwell has served as Chief Operating Officer
and Tax Director of The CFO Squad LLC, a company which provides chief financial officer support services including, but not limited to,
pre-audit services, SEC and tax compliance and financial reporting services to both international and domestic private and public companies
with a concentration in the healthcare industry. From June 2019 until October 2020, Mr. Cardwell served as interim Chief Financial Officer
of NanoVibronix, Inc. From June 2019 until October 2020, Mr. Cardwell served as interim Chief Financial Officer of Esports Entertainment
Group, Inc. From August 2018 until December 2018, Mr. Cardwell served as interim Chief Financial Officer of Newgioco Group, Inc. From
January 2018 until May 2018, Mr. Cardwell served as interim Chief Financial Officer of VerifyMe, Inc. Since March 2021, has served as
the CFO for Artemis Acquisition Corp. Mr. Cardwell graduated from Illinois State University with a Bachelor of Science degree in accounting.
Upon graduation, Mr. Cardwell began his career at Arthur Andersen & Co and served as Senior Tax Consultant. For over 30 years, Mr.
Cardwell served in various capacities for public and private companies Mr. Cardwell is a certified public accountant in the State of
New York.
Zeke
Kaplan, Director
Mr.
Kaplan is a entrepreneur based out of Toronto Canada. Focused primarily in the construction and real estate industries, Zeke leads a
full service construction company, ZZ Contracting, and was awarded Design Lines Top 3 Projects of 2019. His work has been featured in
Dwell, Azure, Toronto Life, the Globe and Mail, Architonic, and his YouTube feature has over 1M views. He has also built a sizeable real
estate portfolio focused on income generating properties. In addition to sitting on the Board of Ehave, Zeke has been very active in
the startup space primarily in the e-commerce, construction, cannabis, and psychedelic industries, respectively. Zeke graduated from
McGill University with a First Class Honors B.A. and was the associate editor of Cannons during his time there.
Directors
In
the year ended December 31, 2021, each director who was not an officer was entitled to the following compensation:
$62,500
in common shares payable quarterly based upon an average of the closing price of the common shares during the 20 trading days immediately
prior to the end of the quarter or at such time that the director has elected to take the shares,
Or
$32,500
in cash with $15,000 paid prior to December 31, 2021, and the remainder to be paid during 2022. Additionally, $1,500 per quarter for
expenses for 2021 with payment to be made in 2022.
Committee
Compensation: For serving on the audit committee of the board those committee members will receive $5,000 in cash yearly, paid
quarterly
In
the year ended December 31, 2020, each director who was not an officer was awarded 387,597 shares of the Company’s common stock.
Officers
Summary
Compensation Table
The
following table sets forth information concerning the total compensation paid to our officers in 2019. Our officers are paid fees in
Canadian dollars. These amounts are presented in U.S. dollars and have been converted at the average rate of exchange for 2019 ($1.00
= CAD$1.3267).
Name and principal position | |
Year | | |
Salary $ | | |
Share- based awards $ | | |
Option- based awards $ (1) | | |
Bonus $ | | |
All other compensation $ | | |
Total compensation $ | |
Benjamin Kaplan, CEO | |
| 2021 | | |
| 288,000 | | |
| 1,282,826 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 120,400 | | |
| 1,691,226 | |
| |
| 2020 | | |
| 180,000 | | |
| 1,874,963 | | |
| 720,695 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 2,775,658 | |
Jay Cardwell | |
| 2021 | | |
| 18,000 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 18,000 | |
| |
| 2020 | | |
| 4,500 | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| - | | |
| 4,500 | |
Notes:
(1) |
The
value of share and option-based awards are based on the grant date assumptions as disclosed in Note 9 “Stock Based Compensation”
in our 2021 audited financial statements. |
Narrative
Discussion
We
have entered into a consulting agreement with the following Executive Officers (each an “Consulting Agreement”). Pursuant
to the terms of the Consulting Agreements, the salary for the year 2021 and 2020 are:
Name and principal position | |
Year | | |
Salary $(1) | |
Mr. Benjamin Kaplan | |
| 2021 | | |
| 288,000 | |
Chief Executive Officer | |
| 2020 | | |
| 180,000 | |
| |
| | | |
| | |
Jay Cardwell | |
| 2021 | | |
| 18,000 | |
Chief Financial Officer | |
| 2020 | | |
| 18,000 | |
Benjamin
Kaplan
The
Company and Mr. Kaplan entered into a CEO Consulting Agreement for a period of 36 months and sets Mr. Kaplan’s cash compensation
at $24,000 per month, grants Mr. Kaplan up to an additional 5% of equity upon a “significant transaction” as defined in the
Agreement and payments upon reaching certain milestones. This summary is limited by and is subject to the terms of the Agreement that
is attached hereto as an Exhibit.
Our
directors are elected by the shareholders at each Annual General Meeting (or Annual Special Meeting) and typically hold office until
the next meeting, at which time they may be re-elected or replaced. Casual vacancies on the board are filled by the remaining directors
and the persons filling those vacancies hold office until the next Annual General Meeting (or Annual Special Meeting), at which time
they may be re-elected or replaced. Our officers are appointed by the Board of Directors and hold office indefinitely at the pleasure
of the Board of Directors.
Directors’
Contracts
We
receive a director’s consent from each of the independent directors upon their acceptance of their director’s position.
We
do not have any contracts with any of its directors which provide for benefits upon the termination of employment.
Compensation
Committee
Our
compensation committee consists of two outside, independent directors under Canadian law: Mr. Kaplan and Mr. Posen. Mr. Kaplan serves
as chairman of the compensation committee. The members of the compensation committee have not been officers of the company. Our compensation
committee is responsible for making recommendations to the board of directors regarding compensation terms for our officers and directors
and for determining salaries and incentive compensation for our executive officers and incentive compensation for our other employees
and consultants.
Audit
Committee
Our
audit committee consists of Mr. Posen and Mr. Kaplan. Mr. Posen serves as chairman of the audit committee. The audit committee’s
function is to ensure that the Company’s management has designed and implemented an effective system of internal financial
controls, assesses the integrity of the financial statements and related financial disclosure of the Company, and reviews the Company’s
compliance with regulatory and statutory requirements as they relate to financial statements, taxation matters and disclosure of financial
information. The audit committee also reports to the board of directors with respect to such matters and recommends the selection of
independent auditors. Additionally, the committee monitors and reports on the independence and performance of the Company’s independent
auditors.
Our
CEO, Benjamin Kaplan, has been our only full-time employee since he became CEO in 2019.
The
following table sets forth certain information as of May 17, 2021, regarding the beneficial ownership of our common shares by each of
our directors and all of our executive officers and directors as a group.
| |
Number of common shares beneficially
owned (1) | | |
% of Outstanding common shares (2) | |
Directors and Executive Officers | |
| | | |
| | |
Ben Kaplan (3) | |
| 17,705,121 | | |
| 6.3 | % |
Binyomin Posen | |
| 387,597 | | |
| <1% | |
Zeke Kaplan | |
| 387,597 | | |
| <1% | |
All officers and directors as a group (3 persons): | |
| 18,480,315 | | |
| 6.6 | % |
Notes:
(1) |
Beneficial
ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to
securities. Ordinary shares relating to options currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of the date of this table are
deemed outstanding for computing the percentage of the person holding such securities but are not deemed outstanding for computing
the percentage of any other person. Except as indicated by footnote, and subject to community property laws where applicable, the
persons named in the table above have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares shown as beneficially owned by
them. |
|
|
(2) |
Based
on 279,525,899 shares issued and outstanding as at May 23, 2022. |
|
|
(3) |
Ben
Kaplan was appointed CEO on June 24, 2019. He is entitled to a 5% equity interest in the Company as a signing bonus that was not
previously issued and was subsequently changed to be a warrant that was exercised for 14,136,587 shares on April 16, 2022. He was
issued 3,447,844 shares for his service on the Board of Directors as of April 8, 2022. He is also entitled to 5% equity interest
on a diluted bases in relation to a significant transaction clause in his consulting agreement. |
The
following table sets forth the amount and terms of options to acquire common shares of our Company we have granted to our directors,
senior management and key employees:
Option
Plan
Our
Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (“Equity Plan”) sets the maximum number of common shares which may be issued pursuant to
the Equity Plan at the lesser of 10,000,000 or 10% of the number of issued and outstanding common shares of the Company.
The
Equity Plan authorizes the board of directors of the Company or a committee of the board of directors to issue options to directors,
officers, employees and consultants of the Company.
The
purpose of the SOP is to provide consultants, officers, directors and employees with a proprietary interest in the Company in order to:
(i) increase the interest in the Company’s welfare of those individuals who share primary responsibility for the management, growth
and protection of the business of the Company; (ii) furnish an incentive to such individuals to continue providing their services to
the Company and its subsidiaries; and (iii) provide a means through which the Company and its subsidiaries may attract qualified persons
to engage as consultants, officers, directors and employees.
ITEM
7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The
following table lists the beneficial ownership of our securities as of May 23, 2022, by each person known by us to be the beneficial
owner of 5% or more of the outstanding shares of any class of our securities. As of May 23, 2022, 279,525,899 of our ordinary shares
were outstanding. As at May 23, 2022, with the exception of Shareholders disclosed in “Item 6.E Share Ownership”, we are
not aware of any shareholder who beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, or exercises control or direction over, our common shares,
of more than 5% of the outstanding common shares, except as follows:
Name of Beneficial Owner | |
Number of Shares Beneficially Owned | | |
Percentage of Shares Outstanding | |
Margarita Kaplinskaya | |
| 19,977,169 | | |
| 7.15 | % |
The
voting rights of our major shareholders do not differ from the voting rights of holders of our shares who are not major shareholders.
Each of the above listed securities entitles the holder to one vote at our company’s shareholder meetings.
Shares
Held in the United States
The
following table indicates, as of May 23, 2002, the total number of common shares issued and outstanding, the approximate total number
of holders of record of common shares, the number of holders of record of common shares with U.S. addresses, the portion of the outstanding
common shares held by U.S. holders of record, and the percentage of common shares held by U.S. holders of record. This table does not
indicate beneficial ownership of common shares.
Total Number of Holders of Record | | |
Total Number of Common Shares Issued and Outstanding | | |
Number of US Holders of Record | | |
Number of Common Shares Held by US Holders of Record | | |
Percentage of Common Shares Held by US Holders of Record | |
| 59 | | |
| 279,525,899 | | |
| 18 | | |
| 25,568,167 | | |
| 9.15 | % |
Change
of Control
As
of May 23, 2022, there were no arrangements known to the Company which may, at a subsequent date, result in a change of control of the
Company.
Control
by Others
To
the best of the Company’s knowledge, the Company is not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by another corporation, any
foreign government, or any other natural or legal person, severally or jointly.
|
B. |
Related
Party Transactions |
Since
January 1, 2020, and through the date hereof we entered into related party transactions as follows:
●
We have entered into consulting contracts with each of our officers (see Item 6).
●
On October 1, 2020, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with the Company’s CFO, James Cardwell for an initial term
of one year, which was extended for an additional year upon its anniversary. Compensation pursuant to the agreement shall be a minimum
of $1,500 per month. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company has accrued $4,500 and $16,500, respectively, as accrued expense in
relations to this agreement.
●
On January 1, 2021, the Company entered into an Executive Consulting Agreement, which superseded the previous consulting agreement, with
Benjamin Kaplan to serve as the Company’s CEO for an initial term of 36 months. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company has
accrued $3,953,949 and $2,194,963, respectively, as accrued expense in relation to the Executive Consulting Agreement.
●
During the period ended December 31, 2020, the Company issued a convertible promissory note to a related party for the principal amount
of $11,000, in the aggregate, including $1,000 of original issue discount and 110,000 warrants, in the aggregate, with an exercise price
of $0.01 per share. During the year ended December 31, 2021, this note was converted into 110,000 shares of common stock.
|
C. |
Interests
of Experts and Counsel |
Not
applicable
ITEM
8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
|
A. |
Statements
and Other Financial Statements |
Financial
Statements
The
financial statements filed as part of this annual report are filed under Item 18.
Legal
Proceedings
The
directors and the management of the Company do not know of any material, active or pending, legal proceedings against them; nor is the
Company involved as a plaintiff in any material proceeding or pending litigation.
The
directors and the management of the Company know of no active or pending proceedings against anyone that might materially adversely affect
an interest of the Company.
Dividend
Policy
We
have not paid any dividends on our common shares. We anticipate that, for the foreseeable future, we will retain any future earnings
to support operations and to finance the growth and development of our business. Therefore, we do not expect to pay cash dividends for
at least the next several years. We may pay dividends on our common shares in the future if we generate profits and in accordance with
the Business Corporations Act (Ontario). Any decision to pay dividends on common shares in the future will be made by the board of directors
on the basis of the earnings, financial requirements and other conditions existing at such time.
Except
as otherwise disclosed in this Annual Report on Form 20-F, no significant change has occurred since December 31, 2020.
ITEM
9. THE OFFER AND LISTING
|
A. |
Offering
and Listing Details |
Our
common shares are quoted on the Pink Open Market under the symbol “EHVVF.” Our common shares were quoted on the OTCQB Venture
Market under the symbol “EHVVF” from November 21, 2016, until they were removed to the Pink Open Market on April 30, 2019,
because we were unable to cure our bid price deficiency. Prior to being quoted on the OTCQB Venture Market, there was no established
market for our common shares. Our common shares trade and have traded on a limited or sporadic basis and should not be deemed to constitute
an established public trading market. Broker-dealers often decline to trade in over-the-counter stocks that are quoted on the Pink Open
Market given the market for such securities are often limited, the stocks are more volatile, and the risk to investors is greater. These
factors may reduce the potential market for our common shares by reducing the number of potential investors. This may make it more difficult
for investors in our common shares to sell shares to third parties or to otherwise dispose of their shares. This could cause our share
price to decline, and there is no assurance that there will be liquidity in our common shares.
In
addition, The Securities Enforcement and Penny Stock Reform Act of 1990 requires additional disclosure relating to the market for penny
stocks in connection with trades in any stock defined as a penny stock. The SEC has adopted regulations that generally define a penny
stock to be any equity security that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to a few exceptions which we do not meet.
Unless an exception is available, the regulations require the delivery, prior to any transaction involving a penny stock, of a disclosure
schedule explaining the penny stock market and the risks associated therewith.
Not
applicable
Our
common shares are quoted on the Pink Open Market under the symbol “EHVVF”.
Not
applicable
Not
applicable
Not
applicable
ITEM
10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Not
applicable
|
B. |
Memorandum
and Articles of Association |
Articles
of Continuance
We
are governed by our amended articles of incorporation (the “Articles”) under the Business Corporations Act of Ontario (the
“Act”) and by our by-laws (the “By-laws”). Our Articles provide that there are no restrictions on the business
we may carry on or on the powers we may exercise. Companies incorporated under the Act are not required to include specific objects or
purposes in their articles or by-laws.
Directors
Subject
to certain exceptions, including in respect of voting on any resolution to approve a contract that relates primarily to the director’s
remuneration, directors may not vote on resolutions to approve a material contract or material transaction if the director is a party
to such contract or transaction. The directors are entitled to remuneration as shall from time to time be determined by the Board of
Directors with no requirement for a quorum of independent directors. The directors have the ability under the Act to exercise our borrowing
power, without authorization of the shareholders. The Act permits shareholders to restrict this authority through a company’s articles
or by-laws (or through a unanimous shareholder agreement), but no such restrictions are in place for us. Our Articles and By-laws do
not require directors to hold shares for qualification.
Rights,
Preferences and Dividends Attaching to Shares
The
holders of common shares have the right to receive dividends if and when declared. Each holder of common shares, as of the record date
prior to a meeting, is entitled to attend and to cast one vote for each common share held as of such record date at such annual and/or
special meeting, including with respect to the election or re-election of directors. Subject to the provisions of our By-laws, all directors
may, if still qualified to serve as directors, stand for re-election. The numbers of our Board of Directors are not replaced at staggered
intervals but are elected annually.
On
a distribution of assets on a winding-up, dissolution or other return of capital (subject to certain exceptions) the holders of common
shares shall have a right to receive their pro rata share of such distribution. There are no sinking fund or redemption provisions
in respect of the common shares. Our shareholders have no liability to further capital calls as all shares issued and outstanding are
fully paid and non-assessable.
No
other classes of shares are currently permitted to be issued.
Action
Necessary to Change the Rights of Shareholders
The
rights attaching to the different classes of shares may be varied by special resolution passed at a meeting of that class’s shareholders.
Annual
and Special Meetings of Shareholders
Under
the Act and our By-laws, we are required to mail a Notice of Meeting and Management Information Circular to registered shareholders not
less than 21 days and not more than 50 days prior to the date of the meeting. Such materials must be filed concurrently with the applicable
securities regulatory authorities in Canada and the US. Subject to certain provisions of the By-laws, a quorum of two or more shareholders
in person or represented by proxy holding or representing by proxy not less than five (5%) percent of the total number of issued and
outstanding shares enjoying voting rights at such meeting is required to properly constitute a meeting of shareholders. Shareholders
and their duly appointed proxies and corporate representatives are entitled to be admitted to our annual and/or special meetings.
Limitations
on the Rights to Own Shares
The
Articles do not contain any limitations on the rights to own shares. Except as described below, there are currently no limitations imposed
by Canadian federal or provincial laws on the rights of non-resident or foreign owners of Canadian securities to hold or vote the securities
held. There are also no such limitations imposed by the Articles and By-laws with respect to our common shares.
Disclosure
of Share Ownership
In
general, under applicable securities regulation in Canada, a person or company who beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, voting
securities of an issuer or who exercises control or direction over voting securities of an issuer or a combination of both, carrying
more than 10% of the voting rights attached to all the issuer’s outstanding voting securities is an insider and must, within 10
days of becoming an insider, file a report in the required form effective the date on which the person became an insider. The report
must disclose any direct or indirect beneficial ownership of, or control or direction over, securities of the reporting issuer. Additionally,
securities regulation in Canada provides for the filing of a report by an insider of a reporting issuer whose holdings change, which
report must be filed within 10 days from the day on which the change takes place.
The
rules in the US governing the ownership threshold above which shareholder ownership must be disclosed are more stringent than those discussed
above. Section 13 of the Exchange Act imposes reporting requirements on persons who acquire beneficial ownership (as such term is defined
in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) of more than 5% of a class of an equity security registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act.
In general, such persons must file, within 10 days after such acquisition, a report of beneficial ownership with the SEC containing the
information prescribed by the regulations under Section 13 of the Exchange Act. This information is also required to be sent to the issuer
of the securities and to each exchange where the securities are traded.
Other
Provisions of Articles and By-laws
There
are no provisions in the Articles or By-laws:
● |
delaying
or prohibiting a change in control of our company that operate only with respect to a merger, acquisition or corporate restructuring; |
|
|
● |
discriminating
against any existing or prospective holder of shares as a result of such shareholder owning a substantial number of shares; |
|
|
● |
requiring
disclosure of share ownership; or |
|
|
● |
governing
changes in capital, where such provisions are more stringent than those required by law. |
We
have employment contracts with our chief executive officer as summarized in Item 6B.
On
January 21, 2021 we entered into an Asset Sale Purchase Agreement with CureDash Inc., to purchase substantial all the assets of CureDash
for a total purchase price of $100,000 payable via the issuance of 353,622 shares of common stock and the payment of $60,000 in cash.
In
December 2020, we entered into definitive agreements with Ehave, Inc., an Ontario corporation (“Ehave”), Mycotopia Therapies
Inc., a Florida corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of Ehave (“MYC”), and the former and current directors of 20/20 Global
that provide for: (i) 20/20 Global’s purchase for $350,000 in cash of all of the outstanding stock of MYC from Ehave under a Stock
Purchase Agreement, resulting in MYC becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of 20/20 Global; and (ii) the change of control of 20/20 Global’s
board of directors and management under a Change of Control and Funding Agreement. In a related transaction, Ehave agreed to purchase
9,793,754 shares of 20/20 Global common stock, which constitute approximately 75.77% of the issued and outstanding shares of 20/20 Global’s
common stock, for $350,000 in cash through a Stock Purchase Agreement with 20/20 Global stockholders Mark D. Williams, Colin Gibson,
and The Robert and Joanna Williams Trust.
Subsequent
to the year end, on May 18, 2022, Mycotopia Therapies Inc. (the “Company”) entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the
“Agreement” whereby the Company will merge with a wholly owned subsidiary of PSLY.com. Simultaneously E,iVentures, Inc. (“E.i”)
will merge with a separate wholly owned subsidiary of PSLY.com.
At
closing each share of common stock of the Company, par value $.001 per share (the “Company Common Stock”), issued and outstanding
immediately prior to the effective time of the merger shall be converted into the right to receive 0.25 fully paid and nonassessable
share of PSLY.com Common Stock.
At
Closing each share of common stock of E.i will be convertible into the right receive a number of PSLY.com Common Stock equal to (i) the
sum of $360,000,000 (Three Hundred Sixty Million Dollars) (ii) divided by $1.56, the result of which is divided by (iii) the product
of the total number of shares of EVI Common Stock then issued and outstanding times four (4).
The
closing of the Merger will take place as soon as practicable (and, in any event, within two (2) Business Days) after satisfaction of
all conditions to the Mergers.
Canada
has no system of exchange controls. There are no Canadian restrictions on the repatriation of capital or earnings of a Canadian public
company to non-resident investors. There are no laws in Canada or exchange restrictions affecting the remittance of dividends, profits,
interest, royalties and other payments to non-resident holders of our securities, except as discussed below in Section E, Taxation.
Restrictions
on Share Ownership by Non-Canadians
There
are no limitations under the laws of Canada or in our organizational documents on the right of foreigners to hold or vote securities
of our company, except that the Investment Canada Act (the “Investment Canada Act”) may require review and approval
by the Minister of Industry (Canada) of certain acquisitions of “control” of our Company by a “non-Canadian.”
Investment
Canada Act
Under
the Investment Canada Act, transactions exceeding certain financial thresholds, and which involve the acquisition of control of a Canadian
business by a non-Canadian, are subject to review and cannot be implemented unless the Minister of Industry and/or, in the case of a
Canadian business engaged in cultural activities, the Minister of Canadian Heritage, are satisfied that the transaction is likely to
be of “net benefit to Canada”. If a transaction is subject to review (a “Reviewable Transaction”), an application
for review must be filed with the Investment Review Division of Industry Canada and/or the Department of Canadian Heritage prior to the
implementation of the Reviewable Transaction. The responsible Minister is then required to determine whether the Reviewable Transaction
is likely to be of net benefit to Canada taking into account, among other things, certain factors specified in the Investment Canada
Act and any written undertakings that may have been given by the applicant. The Investment Canada Act contemplates an initial review
period of up to 45 days after filing; however, if the responsible Minister has not completed the review by that date, the Minister may
unilaterally extend the review period by up to 30 days (or such longer period as may be agreed to by the applicant and the Minister)
to permit completion of the review. Direct acquisitions of control of most Canadian businesses by or from World Trade Organization (“WTO”)
investors are reviewable under the Investment Canada Act only if, in the case of an acquisition of voting securities, the value of the
worldwide assets of the Canadian business or, in the case of an acquisition of substantially all the assets of a Canadian business, the
value of those assets exceed C$295 million for the year 2008 (this figure is adjusted annually to reflect inflation). Indirect acquisitions
(e.g., an acquisition of a US corporation with a Canadian subsidiary) of control of such businesses by or from WTO investors are not
subject to review, regardless of the value of the Canadian businesses’ assets. Significantly lower review thresholds apply where
neither the investor nor the Canadian business is WTO investor controlled or where the Canadian business is engaged in uranium mining,
certain cultural businesses, financial services or transportation services.
Even
if the transaction is not reviewable because it does not meet or exceed the applicable financial threshold, the non-Canadian investor
must still give notice to Industry Canada and, in the case of a Canadian business engaged in cultural activities, Canadian Heritage,
of its acquisition of control of a Canadian business within 30 days of its implementation.
Competition
Act
The
Competition Act (Canada) (the “Competition Act”) requires that a pre-merger notification filing be submitted to the
Commissioner of Competition (the “Commissioner”) in respect of proposed transactions that exceed certain financial and other
thresholds. If a proposed transaction is subject to pre-merger notification, a pre-merger notification filing must be submitted to the
Commissioner and a waiting period must expire or be waived by the Commissioner before the transaction may be completed. The parties to
a proposed transaction may choose to submit either a short-form filing (in respect of which there is a 14-day statutory waiting period)
or a long-form filing (in respect of which there is a 42-day statutory waiting period). However, where the parties choose to submit a
short-form filing, the Commissioner may, within 14 days, require that the parties submit a long-form filing, in which case the proposed
transaction generally may not be completed until 42 days after the long-form filing is submitted by the parties.
The
Commissioner may, upon request, issue an advance ruling certificate (“ARC”) in respect of a proposed transaction where she
is satisfied that she would not have sufficient grounds on which to apply to the Competition Tribunal for an order under the merger provisions
of the Competition Act. If the Commissioner issues an ARC in respect of a proposed transaction, the transaction is exempt from the pre-merger
notification provisions. In addition, if the transaction to which the ARC relates is substantially completed within one year after the
ARC is issued, the Commissioner cannot seek an order of the Competition Tribunal under the merger provisions of the Competition Act in
respect of the transaction solely on the basis of information that is the same or substantially the same as the information on the basis
of which the ARC was issued.
If
the Commissioner is unwilling to issue an ARC, she may nevertheless issue a “no action” letter waiving notification and confirming
that she is of the view that grounds do not then exist to initiate proceedings before the Competition Tribunal under the merger provisions
of the Competition Act with respect to the proposed transaction, while preserving, during the three years following completion of the
proposed transaction, her authority to initiate proceedings should circumstances change.
Regardless
of whether pre-merger notification is required, the Commissioner may apply to the Competition Tribunal (a special purpose tribunal) for
an order under the merger provisions of the Competition Act. If the Competition Tribunal finds that the transaction is or is likely to
prevent or lessen competition substantially, it may order that the parties not proceed with the transaction or part of it or, in the
event that the transaction has already been completed, order its dissolution or the disposition of some of the assets or shares involved.
In addition, the Competition Tribunal may, with the consent of the person against whom the order is directed and the Commissioner, order
that person to take any other action as is deemed necessary to remedy any substantial lessening or prevention of competition that the
Competition Tribunal determines would or would likely result from the transaction.
CERTAIN
UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The
following is a general summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to a U.S. Holder (as defined below)
arising from and relating to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of common shares.
This
summary is for general information purposes only and does not purport to be a complete analysis or listing of all potential U.S. federal
income tax considerations that may apply to a U.S. Holder arising from and relating to the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of
common shares. In addition, this summary does not take into account the individual facts and circumstances of any particular U.S. Holder
that may affect the U.S. federal income tax consequences to such U.S. Holder, including, without limitation, specific tax consequences
to a U.S. Holder under an applicable income tax treaty. Accordingly, this summary is not intended to be, and should not be construed
as, legal or U.S. federal income tax advice with respect to any U.S. Holder. This summary does not address the U.S. federal alternative
minimum, U.S. federal estate and gift, U.S. state and local, and non-U.S. tax consequences to U.S. Holders of the acquisition, ownership,
and disposition of common shares. In addition, except as specifically set forth below, this summary does not discuss applicable tax reporting
requirements. Each prospective U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal, U.S. federal alternative minimum,
U.S. federal estate and gift, U.S. state and local, and non-U.S. tax consequences relating to the acquisition, ownership and disposition
of common shares.
No
legal opinion from U.S. legal counsel or ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) has been requested, or will
be obtained, regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of common shares. This
summary is not binding on the IRS, and the IRS is not precluded from taking a position that is different from, and contrary to, the positions
taken in this summary. In addition, because the authorities on which this summary is based are subject to various interpretations, the
IRS and the U.S. courts could disagree with one or more of the conclusions described in this summary.
Scope
of this Summary
Authorities
This
summary is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), Treasury Regulations (whether final, temporary,
or proposed), published rulings of the IRS, published administrative positions of the IRS, the Convention Between Canada and the United
States of America with Respect to Taxes on Income and on Capital, signed September 26, 1980, as amended (the “Canada-U.S. Tax Convention”),
and U.S. court decisions that are applicable, and, in each case, as in effect and available, as of the date of this document. Any of
the authorities on which this summary is based could be changed in a material and adverse manner at any time, and any such change could
be applied retroactively. This summary does not discuss the potential effects, whether adverse or beneficial, of any proposed legislation.
U.S.
Holders
For
purposes of this summary, the term “U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of common shares that is for U.S. federal income
tax purposes:
● |
an
individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States; |
|
|
● |
a
corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) organized under the laws of the United
States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia; |
|
|
● |
an
estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or |
|
|
● |
a
trust that (1) is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the U.S. and the control of one or more U.S. persons for all
substantial decisions or (2) has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury Regulations to be treated as a U.S. person. |
U.S.
Holders Subject to Special U.S. Federal Income Tax Rules Not Addressed
This
summary does not address the U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to U.S. Holders that are subject to special provisions
under the Code, including, but not limited to, U.S. Holders that: (a) are tax-exempt organizations, qualified retirement plans, individual
retirement accounts, or other tax-deferred accounts; (b) are financial institutions, underwriters, insurance companies, real estate investment
trusts, or regulated investment companies; (c) are broker-dealers, dealers, or traders in securities or currencies that elect to apply
a mark-to-market accounting method; (d) have a “functional currency” other than the U.S. dollar; (e) own common shares as
part of a straddle, hedging transaction, conversion transaction, constructive sale, or other arrangement involving more than one position;
(f) acquire common shares in connection with the exercise of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation for services; (g) hold
common shares other than as a capital asset within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code (generally, property held for investment purposes);
or (h) own, have owned or will own (directly, indirectly, or by attribution) 10% or more of the total combined voting power or value
of the outstanding shares of the Company. This summary also does not address the U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to
U.S. Holders who are: (a) U.S. expatriates or former long-term residents of the U.S.; (b) persons that have been, are, or will be a resident
or deemed to be a resident in Canada for purposes of the Income Tax Act (Canada) (the “Tax Act”); (c) persons that use or
hold, will use or hold, or that are or will be deemed to use or hold common shares in connection with carrying on a business in Canada;
(d) persons whose common shares constitute “taxable Canadian property” under the Tax Act; or (e) persons that have a permanent
establishment in Canada for the purposes of the Canada-U.S. Tax Convention. U.S. Holders that are subject to special provisions under
the Code, including, but not limited to, U.S. Holders described immediately above, should consult their own tax advisors regarding the
U.S. federal, U.S. federal alternative minimum, U.S. federal estate and gift, U.S. state and local, and non-U.S. tax consequences relating
to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of common shares.
If
an entity or arrangement that is classified as a partnership (or other “pass-through” entity) for U.S. federal income tax
purposes holds common shares, the U.S. federal income tax consequences to such entity or arrangement and the partners (or other owners
or participants) of such entity or arrangement generally will depend on the activities of the entity or arrangement and the status of
such partners (or owners or participants). This summary does not address the tax consequences to any such partner (or owner or participants).
Partners (or other owners or participants) of entities or arrangements that are classified as partnerships or as “pass-through”
entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes should consult their own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences
arising from and relating to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of common shares.
Passive
Foreign Investment Company Rules
PFIC
Status of the Company
If
the Company were to constitute a “passive foreign investment company” under the meaning of Section 1297 of the Code (a “PFIC”,
as defined below) for any year during a U.S. Holder’s holding period, then certain potentially adverse rules may affect the U.S.
federal income tax consequences to a U.S. Holder as a result of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of common shares. The Company
may be a PFIC for its current tax year and subsequent tax years. The determination of whether any corporation was, or will be, a PFIC
for a tax year depends, in part, on the application of complex U.S. federal income tax rules, which are subject to differing interpretations.
In addition, whether any corporation will be a PFIC for any tax year depends on the assets and income of such corporation over the course
of each such tax year and, as a result, cannot be predicted with certainty as of the date of this document. Accordingly, there can be
no assurance that the IRS will not challenge any determination made by the Company (or any subsidiary of the Company) concerning its
PFIC status. Each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisors regarding the PFIC status of the Company and each subsidiary of the
Company.
In
any year in which the Company is classified as a PFIC, a U.S. Holder will be required to file an annual report with the IRS containing
such information as Treasury Regulations and/or other IRS guidance may require. In addition to penalties, a failure to satisfy such reporting
requirements may result in an extension of the time period during which the IRS can assess a tax. U.S. Holders should consult their own
tax advisors regarding the requirements of filing such information returns under these rules, including the requirement to file an IRS
Form 8621.
The
Company generally will be a PFIC if, for a tax year, (a) 75% or more of the gross income of the Company is passive income (the “PFIC
income test”) or (b) 50% or more of the value of the Company’s assets either produce passive income or are held for the production
of passive income, based on the quarterly average of the fair market value of such assets (the “PFIC asset test”). “Gross
income” generally includes all sales revenues less the cost of goods sold, plus income from investments and from incidental or
outside operations or sources, and “passive income” generally includes, for example, dividends, interest, certain rents and
royalties, certain gains from the sale of stock and securities, and certain gains from commodities transactions.
For
purposes of the PFIC income test and PFIC asset test described above, if the Company owns, directly or indirectly, 25% or more of the
total value of the outstanding shares of another corporation, the Company will be treated as if it (a) held a proportionate share of
the assets of such other corporation and (b) received directly a proportionate share of the income of such other corporation. In addition,
for purposes of the PFIC income test and PFIC asset test described above, and assuming certain other requirements are met, “passive
income” does not include certain interest, dividends, rents, or royalties that are received or accrued by the Company from certain
“related persons” (as defined in Section 954(d)(3) of the Code) also organized in Canada, to the extent such items are properly
allocable to the income of such related person that is not passive income.
Under
certain attribution rules, if the Company is a PFIC, U.S. Holders will generally be deemed to own their proportionate share of the Company’s
direct or indirect equity interest in any company that is also a PFIC (a ‘‘Subsidiary PFIC’’), and will generally
be subject to U.S. federal income tax on their proportionate share of (a) any “excess distributions,” as described below,
on the stock of a Subsidiary PFIC and (b) a disposition or deemed disposition of the stock of a Subsidiary PFIC by the Company or another
Subsidiary PFIC, both as if such U.S. Holders directly held the shares of such Subsidiary PFIC. In addition, U.S. Holders may be subject
to U.S. federal income tax on any indirect gain realized on the stock of a Subsidiary PFIC on the sale or disposition of common shares.
Accordingly, U.S. Holders should be aware that they could be subject to tax under the PFIC rules even if no distributions are received
and no redemptions or other dispositions of common shares are made.
Default
PFIC Rules Under Section 1291 of the Code
If
the Company is a PFIC for any tax year during which a U.S. Holder owns common shares, the U.S. federal income tax consequences to such
U.S. Holder of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of common shares will depend on whether and when such U.S. Holder makes an
election to treat the Company and each Subsidiary PFIC, if any, as a “qualified electing fund” or “QEF” under
Section 1295 of the Code (a “QEF Election”) or makes a mark-to-market election under Section 1296 of the Code (a “Mark-to-Market
Election”). A U.S. Holder that does not make either a QEF Election or a Mark-to-Market Election will be referred to in this summary
as a “Non-Electing U.S. Holder.”
A
Non-Electing U.S. Holder will be subject to the rules of Section 1291 of the Code (described below) with respect to (a) any gain recognized
on the sale or other taxable disposition of common shares and (b) any “excess distribution” received on the common shares.
A distribution generally will be an “excess distribution” to the extent that such distribution (together with all other distributions
received in the current tax year) exceeds 125% of the average distributions received during the three preceding tax years (or during
a U.S. Holder’s holding period for the common shares, if shorter).
Under
Section 1291 of the Code, any gain recognized on the sale or other taxable disposition of common shares (including an indirect disposition
of the stock of any Subsidiary PFIC), and any “excess distribution” received on common shares or with respect to the stock
of a Subsidiary PFIC, must be ratably allocated to each day in a Non-Electing U.S. Holder’s holding period for the respective common
shares. The amount of any such gain or excess distribution allocated to the tax year of disposition or distribution of the excess distribution
and to years before the entity became a PFIC, if any, would be taxed as ordinary income (and not eligible for certain preferred rates).
The amounts allocated to any other tax year would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the highest tax rate applicable to ordinary
income in each such year, and an interest charge would be imposed on the tax liability for each such year, calculated as if such tax
liability had been due in each such year. A Non-Electing U.S. Holder that is not a corporation must treat any such interest paid as “personal
interest,” which is not deductible.
If
the Company is a PFIC for any tax year during which a Non-Electing U.S. Holder holds common shares, the Company will continue to be treated
as a PFIC with respect to such Non-Electing U.S. Holder, regardless of whether the Company ceases to be a PFIC in one or more subsequent
tax years. A Non-Electing U.S. Holder may terminate this deemed PFIC status by electing to recognize gain (which will be taxed under
the rules of Section 1291 of the Code discussed above), but not loss, as if such common shares were sold on the last day of the last
tax year for which the Company was a PFIC.
QEF
Election
A
U.S. Holder that makes a timely and effective QEF Election for the first tax year in which the holding period of its common shares begins
generally will not be subject to the rules of Section 1291 of the Code discussed above with respect to its common shares. A U.S. Holder
that makes a timely and effective QEF Election will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such U.S. Holder’s pro rata share
of (a) the net capital gain of the Company, which will be taxed as long-term capital gain to such U.S. Holder, and (b) the ordinary earnings
of the Company, which will be taxed as ordinary income to such U.S. Holder. Generally, “net capital gain” is the excess of
(a) net long-term capital gain over (b) net short-term capital loss, and “ordinary earnings” are the excess of (a) “earnings
and profits” over (b) net capital gain. A U.S. Holder that makes a QEF Election will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such
amounts for each tax year in which the Company is a PFIC, regardless of whether such amounts are actually distributed to such U.S. Holder
by the Company. However, for any tax year in which the Company is a PFIC and has no net income or gain, U.S. Holders that have made a
QEF Election would not have any income inclusions as a result of the QEF Election. If a U.S. Holder that made a QEF Election has an income
inclusion, such a U.S. Holder may, subject to certain limitations, elect to defer payment of current U.S. federal income tax on such
amounts, subject to an interest charge. If such U.S. Holder is not a corporation, any such interest paid will be treated as “personal
interest,” which is not deductible.
A
U.S. Holder that makes a timely and effective QEF Election with respect to the Company generally (a) may receive a tax-free distribution
from the Company to the extent that such distribution represents “earnings and profits” of the Company that were previously
included in income by the U.S. Holder because of such QEF Election and (b) will adjust such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the common
shares to reflect the amount included in income or allowed as a tax-free distribution because of such QEF Election. In addition, a U.S.
Holder that makes a QEF Election generally will recognize capital gain or loss on the sale or other taxable disposition of common shares.
The procedure for making a QEF Election, and the U.S. federal income tax consequences of making a QEF Election, will depend on whether
such QEF Election is timely. A QEF Election will be treated as “timely” if such QEF Election is made for the first year in
the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the common shares in which the Company was a PFIC. A U.S. Holder may make a timely QEF Election
by filing the appropriate QEF Election documents at the time such U.S. Holder files a U.S. federal income tax return for such year. If
a U.S. Holder does not make a timely and effective QEF Election for the first year in the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the
common shares, the U.S. Holder may still be able to make a timely and effective QEF Election in a subsequent year if such U.S. Holder
meets certain requirements and makes a “purging” election to recognize gain (which will be taxed under the rules of Section
1291 of the Code discussed above) as if such common shares were sold for their fair market value on the day the QEF Election is effective.
If a U.S. Holder makes a QEF Election but does not make a “purging” election to recognize gain as discussed in the preceding
sentence, then such U.S. Holder shall be subject to the QEF Election rules and shall continue to be subject to tax under the rules of
Section 1291 discussed above with respect to its common shares. If a U.S. Holder owns PFIC stock indirectly through another PFIC, separate
QEF Elections must be made for the PFIC in which the U.S. Holder is a direct shareholder and the Subsidiary PFIC for the QEF rules to
apply to both PFICs.
A
QEF Election will apply to the tax year for which such QEF Election is timely made and to all subsequent tax years, unless such QEF Election
is invalidated or terminated or the IRS consents to revocation of such QEF Election. If a U.S. Holder makes a QEF Election and, in a
subsequent tax year, the Company ceases to be a PFIC, the QEF Election will remain in effect (although it will not be applicable) during
those tax years in which the Company is not a PFIC. Accordingly, if the Company becomes a PFIC in another subsequent tax year, the QEF
Election will be effective and the U.S. Holder will be subject to the QEF rules described above during any subsequent tax year in which
the Company qualifies as a PFIC.
U.S.
Holders should be aware that there can be no assurances that the Company will satisfy the record keeping requirements that apply to a
QEF, or that the Company will supply U.S. Holders with information that such U.S. Holders are required to report under the QEF rules,
in the event that the Company is a PFIC. Thus, U.S. Holders may not be able to make a QEF Election with respect to their common shares.
Each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisors regarding the availability of, and procedure for making, a QEF Election.
A
U.S. Holder makes a QEF Election by attaching a completed IRS Form 8621, including a PFIC Annual Information Statement, to a timely filed
United States federal income tax return. However, if the Company does not provide the required information with regard to the Company
or any of its Subsidiary PFICs, U.S. Holders will not be able to make a QEF Election for such entity and will continue to be subject
to the rules of Section 1291 of the Code discussed above that apply to Non-Electing U.S. Holders with respect to the taxation of gains
and excess distributions.
Mark-to-Market
Election
A
U.S. Holder may make a Mark-to-Market Election only if the common shares are marketable stock. The common shares generally will be “marketable
stock” if the common shares are regularly traded on (a) a national securities exchange that is registered with the Securities and
Exchange Commission, (b) the national market system established pursuant to section 11A of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, or
(c) a foreign securities exchange that is regulated or supervised by a governmental authority of the country in which the market is located,
provided that (i) such foreign exchange has trading volume, listing, financial disclosure, and surveillance requirements, and meets other
requirements and the laws of the country in which such foreign exchange is located, together with the rules of such foreign exchange,
ensure that such requirements are actually enforced and (ii) the rules of such foreign exchange effectively promote active trading of
listed stocks. If such stock is traded on such a qualified exchange or other market, such stock generally will be “regularly traded”
for any calendar year during which such stock is traded, other than in de minimis quantities, on at least 15 days during each calendar
quarter. Provided that the common shares are “regularly traded” as described in the preceding sentence, the common shares
are expected to be marketable stock. However, each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor in this regard.
A
U.S. Holder that makes a Mark-to-Market Election with respect to its common shares generally will not be subject to the rules of Section
1291 of the Code discussed above with respect to such common shares. However, if a U.S. Holder does not make a Mark-to-Market Election
beginning in the first tax year of such U.S. Holder’s holding period for the common shares for which the Company is a PFIC and
such U.S. Holder has not made a timely QEF Election, the rules of Section 1291 of the Code discussed above will apply to certain dispositions
of, and distributions on, the common shares.
A
U.S. Holder that makes a Mark-to-Market Election will include in ordinary income, for each tax year in which the Company is a PFIC, an
amount equal to the excess, if any, of (a) the fair market value of the common shares, as of the close of such tax year over (b) such
U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in such common shares. A U.S. Holder that makes a Mark-to-Market Election will be allowed a deduction
in an amount equal to the excess, if any, of (a) such U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the common shares, over (b) the fair
market value of such common shares (but only to the extent of the net amount of previously included income as a result of the Mark-to-Market
Election for prior tax years).
A
U.S. Holder that makes a Mark-to-Market Election generally also will adjust such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the common shares to
reflect the amount included in gross income or allowed as a deduction because of such Mark-to-Market Election. In addition, upon a sale
or other taxable disposition of common shares, a U.S. Holder that makes a Mark-to-Market Election will recognize ordinary income or ordinary
loss (not to exceed the excess, if any, of (a) the amount included in ordinary income because of such Mark-to-Market Election for prior
tax years over (b) the amount allowed as a deduction because of such Mark-to-Market Election for prior tax years). Losses that exceed
this limitation are subject to the rules generally applicable to losses provided in the Code and Treasury Regulations.
A
U.S. Holder makes a Mark-to-Market Election by attaching a completed IRS Form 8621 to a timely filed United States federal income tax
return. A Mark-to-Market Election applies to the tax year in which such Mark-to-Market Election is made and to each subsequent tax year,
unless the common shares cease to be “marketable stock” or the IRS consents to revocation of such election. Each U.S. Holder
should consult its own tax advisors regarding the availability of, and procedure for making, a Mark-to-Market Election.
Although
a U.S. Holder may be eligible to make a Mark-to-Market Election with respect to the common shares, no such election may be made with
respect to the stock of any Subsidiary PFIC that a U.S. Holder is treated as owning, because such stock is not marketable. Hence, the
Mark-to-Market Election will not be effective to avoid the application of the default rules of Section 1291 of the Code described above
with respect to deemed dispositions of Subsidiary PFIC stock or excess distributions from a Subsidiary PFIC to its shareholder.
Other
PFIC Rules
Under
Section 1291(f) of the Code, the IRS has issued proposed Treasury Regulations that, subject to certain exceptions, would cause a U.S.
Holder that had not made a timely QEF Election to recognize gain (but not loss) upon certain transfers of common shares that would otherwise
be tax-deferred (e.g., gifts and exchanges pursuant to corporate reorganizations). However, the specific U.S. federal income tax consequences
to a U.S. Holder may vary based on the manner in which common shares are transferred.
Certain
additional adverse rules may apply with respect to a U.S. Holder if the Company is a PFIC, regardless of whether such U.S. Holder makes
a QEF Election. For example, under Section 1298(b)(6) of the Code, a U.S. Holder that uses common shares as security for a loan will,
except as may be provided in Treasury Regulations, be treated as having made a taxable disposition of such common shares.
Special
rules also apply to the amount of foreign tax credit that a U.S. Holder may claim on a distribution from a PFIC. Subject to such special
rules, foreign taxes paid with respect to any distribution in respect of stock in a PFIC are generally eligible for the foreign tax credit.
The rules relating to distributions by a PFIC and their eligibility for the foreign tax credit are complicated, and a U.S. Holder should
consult with its own tax advisors regarding the availability of the foreign tax credit with respect to distributions by a PFIC.
The
PFIC rules are complex, and each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisors regarding the PFIC rules and how the PFIC rules may
affect the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of common shares.
General
Rules Applicable to the Ownership and Disposition of Common Shares
The
following discussion describes the general rules applicable to the ownership and disposition of the common shares but is subject in its
entirety to the special rules described above under the heading “Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules.”
Distributions
on Common Shares
A
U.S. Holder that receives a distribution, including a constructive distribution, with respect to a Common Share will be required to include
the amount of such distribution in gross income as a dividend (without reduction for any Canadian income tax withheld from such distribution)
to the extent of the current and accumulated “earnings and profits” of the Company, as computed for U.S. federal income tax
purposes. A dividend generally will be taxed to a U.S. Holder at ordinary income tax rates if the Company is a PFIC for the tax year
of such distribution or the preceding tax year. To the extent that a distribution exceeds the current and accumulated “earnings
and profits” of the Company, such distribution will be treated first as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of a U.S. Holder’s
tax basis in the common shares and thereafter as gain from the sale or exchange of such common shares. (See “Sale or Other Taxable
Disposition of Common Shares” below). However, the Company may not maintain the calculations of its earnings and profits in accordance
with U.S. federal income tax principles, and each U.S. Holder may have to assume that any distribution by the Company with respect to
the common shares will constitute ordinary dividend income. Dividends received on common shares by corporate U.S. Holders generally will
not be eligible for the “dividends received deduction.” Subject to applicable limitations and provided the Company is eligible
for the benefits of the Canada-U.S. Tax Convention, dividends paid by the Company to non-corporate U.S. Holders, including individuals,
generally will be eligible for the preferential tax rates applicable to long-term capital gains for dividends, provided certain holding
period and other conditions are satisfied, including that the Company not be classified as a PFIC in the tax year of distribution or
in the preceding tax year. The dividend rules are complex, and each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisors regarding the application
of such rules.
Sale
or Other Taxable Disposition of Common Shares
Upon
the sale or other taxable disposition of common shares, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss in an amount equal
to the difference between the U.S. dollar value of cash received plus the fair market value of any property received and such U.S. Holder’s
tax basis in such common shares sold or otherwise disposed of. A U.S. Holder’s tax basis in common shares generally will be such
holder’s U.S. dollar cost for such common shares. Gain or loss recognized on such sale or other disposition generally will be long-term
capital gain or loss if, at the time of the sale or other disposition, the common shares have been held for more than one year.
Preferential
tax rates currently apply to long-term capital gain of a U.S. Holder that is an individual, estate, or trust. There are currently no
preferential tax rates for long-term capital gain of a U.S. Holder that is a corporation. Deductions for capital losses are subject to
significant limitations under the Code.
Additional
Considerations
Additional
Tax on Passive Income
Certain
U.S. Holders that are individuals, estates or trusts (other than trusts that are exempt from tax) will be subject to a 3.8% tax on all
or a portion of their “net investment income,” which includes dividends on the common shares and net gains from the disposition
of the common shares. Further, excess distributions treated as dividends, gains treated as excess distributions under the PFIC rules
discussed above, and mark-to-market inclusions and deductions are all included in the calculation of net investment income.
Treasury
Regulations provide, subject to the election described in the following paragraph, that solely for purposes of this additional tax, that
distributions of previously taxed income will be treated as dividends and included in net investment income subject to the additional
3.8% tax. Additionally, to determine the amount of any capital gain from the sale or other taxable disposition of common shares that
will be subject to the additional tax on net investment income, a U.S. Holder who has made a QEF Election will be required to recalculate
its basis in the common shares excluding QEF basis adjustments.
Alternatively,
a U.S. Holder may make an election which will be effective with respect to all interests in controlled foreign corporations and QEFs
held in that year or acquired in future years. Under this election, a U.S. Holder pays the additional 3.8% tax on QEF income inclusions
and on gains calculated after giving effect to related tax basis adjustments. U.S. Holders that are individuals, estates or trusts should
consult their own tax advisors regarding the applicability of this tax to any of their income or gains in respect of the common shares.
Receipt
of Foreign Currency
The
amount of any distribution paid to a U.S. Holder in foreign currency, or on the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of common
shares, generally will be equal to the U.S. dollar value of such foreign currency based on the exchange rate applicable on the date of
receipt (regardless of whether such foreign currency is converted into U.S. dollars at that time). A U.S. Holder will have a basis in
the foreign currency equal to its U.S. dollar value on the date of receipt. Any U.S. Holder who converts or otherwise disposes of the
foreign currency after the date of receipt may have a foreign currency exchange gain or loss that would be treated as ordinary income
or loss, and generally will be U.S. source income or loss for foreign tax credit purposes. Different rules apply to U.S. Holders who
use the accrual method. Each U.S. Holder should consult its own U.S. tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences
of receiving, owning, and disposing of foreign currency.
Foreign
Tax Credit
Subject
to the PFIC rules discussed above, a U.S. Holder that pays (whether directly or through withholding) Canadian income tax with respect
to dividends paid on the common shares generally will be entitled, at the election of such U.S. Holder, to receive either a deduction
or a credit for such Canadian income tax. Generally, a credit will reduce a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability on
a dollar-for-dollar basis, whereas a deduction will reduce a U.S. Holder’s income that is subject to U.S. federal income tax. This
election is made on a year-by-year basis and applies to all foreign taxes paid (whether directly or through withholding) by a U.S. Holder
during a year.
Complex
limitations apply to the foreign tax credit, including the general limitation that the credit cannot exceed the proportionate share of
a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability that such U.S. Holder’s “foreign source” taxable income bears
to such U.S. Holder’s worldwide taxable income. In applying this limitation, a U.S. Holder’s various items of income and
deduction must be classified, under complex rules, as either “foreign source” or “U.S. source.” Generally, dividends
paid by a foreign corporation should be treated as foreign source for this purpose, and gains recognized on the sale of stock of a foreign
corporation by a U.S. Holder should be treated as U.S. source for this purpose, except as otherwise provided in an applicable income
tax treaty, and if an election is properly made under the Code. However, the amount of a distribution with respect to the common shares
that is treated as a “dividend” may be lower for U.S. federal income tax purposes than it is for Canadian federal income
tax purposes, resulting in a reduced foreign tax credit allowance to a U.S. Holder. In addition, this limitation is calculated separately
with respect to specific categories of income. The foreign tax credit rules are complex, and each U.S. Holder should consult its own
U.S. tax advisors regarding the foreign tax credit rules.
Backup
Withholding and Information Reporting
Under
U.S. federal income tax law, certain categories of U.S. Holders must file information returns with respect to their investment in, or
involvement in, a foreign corporation. For example, U.S. return disclosure obligations (and related penalties) are imposed on individuals
who are U.S. Holders that hold certain specified foreign financial assets in excess of certain thresholds. The definition of specified
foreign financial assets includes not only financial accounts maintained in foreign financial institutions, but also, unless held in
accounts maintained by a financial institution, any stock or security issued by a non-U.S. person, any financial instrument or contract
held for investment that has an issuer or counterparty other than a U.S. person and any interest in a foreign entity. U.S. Holders may
be subject to these reporting requirements unless their common shares are held in an account at certain financial institutions. Penalties
for failure to file certain of these information returns are substantial. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors regarding
the requirements of filing information returns, including the requirement to file an IRS Form 8938.
Payments
made within the U.S., or by a U.S. payor or U.S. middleman, of dividends on, and proceeds arising from the sale or other taxable disposition
of, common shares will generally be subject to information reporting and backup withholding tax, at the rate of 24%, if a U.S. Holder
(a) fails to furnish such U.S. Holder’s correct U.S. taxpayer identification number (generally on Form W-9), (b) furnishes an incorrect
U.S. taxpayer identification number, (c) is notified by the IRS that such U.S. Holder has previously failed to properly report items
subject to backup withholding tax, or (d) fails to certify, under penalty of perjury, that such U.S. Holder has furnished its correct
U.S. taxpayer identification number and that the IRS has not notified such U.S. Holder that it is subject to backup withholding tax.
However, certain exempt persons generally are excluded from these information reporting and backup withholding rules. Backup withholding
is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the U.S. backup withholding tax rules will be allowed as a credit against a U.S.
Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, or will be refunded, if such U.S. Holder furnishes required information to
the IRS in a timely manner.
The
discussion of reporting requirements set forth above is not intended to constitute a complete description of all reporting requirements
that may apply to a U.S. Holder. A failure to satisfy certain reporting requirements may result in an extension of the time period during
which the IRS can assess a tax and, under certain circumstances, such an extension may apply to assessments of amounts unrelated to any
unsatisfied reporting requirement. Each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisors regarding the information reporting and backup
withholding rules.
THE
ABOVE SUMMARY IS NOT INTENDED TO CONSTITUTE A COMPLETE ANALYSIS OF ALL TAX CONSIDERATIONS APPLICABLE TO U.S. HOLDERS WITH RESPECT TO
THE ACQUISITION, OWNERSHIP, AND DISPOSITION OF COMMON SHARES. U.S. HOLDERS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS AS TO THE TAX CONSIDERATIONS
APPLICABLE TO THEM IN THEIR OWN PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES.
|
F. |
Dividends
and Paying Agents |
Not
applicable
Not
applicable
We
are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act and file reports and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains
a Website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically
with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. We also make available free of charge on our website at www.ehave.com, as soon as reasonably practicable
after such reports are available on the SEC website.
We
“incorporate by reference” information that we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information
to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is an important part of this Form 20-F and more
recent information automatically updates and supersedes more dated information contained or incorporated by reference in this Form 20-F.
As
a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements
to shareholders.
We
will provide without charge to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a copy of this annual report has been delivered,
on the written or oral request of such person, a copy of any or all documents referred to above which have been or may be incorporated
by reference in this annual report (not including exhibits to such incorporated information that are not specifically incorporated by
reference into such information). Requests for such copies should be directed to us at the following address Prateek Dwivedi, Chief Executive
Officer, 277 Lakeshore Road East, Suite 203, Oakville, Ontario, Canada L6J 6J3, +1(905)362-1499, info@ehave.com
|
I. |
Subsidiary
Information |
Mycotopia
Therapies, Inc., a subsidiary of the Company, was formed in the State of Florida on December 23, 2019. On January 19, 2021 it was sold
to 20/20 Global Inc., a Nevada corporation. Simultaneously with the sale of Mycotopia to 20/20 Global, Ehave acquired 75.77% of the issued
and outstanding stock of 20/20 Global, making it a majority owned subsidiary. Our CEO and Chairman, Ben Kaplan is also the CEO and a
director of 20/20 Global. 20/20 Global recently changed its name to Mycotopia Therapies, Inc. and trades under the symbol TPIA.
On
May 18, 2022, Mycotopia Therapies Inc. (the “Company”) entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Agreement”
whereby the Company will merge with a wholly owned subsidiary of PSLY.com. Simultaneously E,iVentures, Inc. (“E.i”) will
merge with a separate wholly owned subsidiary of PSLY.com.
At
closing each share of common stock of the Company, par value $.001 per share (the “Company Common Stock”), issued and outstanding
immediately prior to the effective time of the merger shall be converted into the right to receive 0.25 fully paid and nonassessable
share of PSLY.com Common Stock.
At
Closing each share of common stock of E.i will be convertible into the right receive a number of PSLY.com Common Stock equal to (i) the
sum of $360,000,000 (Three Hundred Sixty Million Dollars) (ii) divided by $1.56, the result of which is divided by (iii) the product
of the total number of shares of EVI Common Stock then issued and outstanding times four (4).
The
closing of the Merger will take place as soon as practicable (and, in any event, within two (2) Business Days) after satisfaction of
all conditions to the Mergers.
ITEM
11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
Foreign
Currency Risk
We
operate primarily in Canada and the United States. Therefore, we are exposed to foreign currency risk associated with our expenses outside
of Canada. We do not use financial derivative instruments to manage this market risk.
Interest
Rate Risk
None
of the Company’s long-term debt contain interest rate provisions that may be subject to fluctuations in market interest rates.
As such, the Company does not have significant interest rate risk or has entered into any financial instruments to mitigate such risk.
We
do not use financial instruments for trading purposes and are not parties to any leverage derivatives. We do not currently engage in
hedging transactions. See “Currency and Exchange Rates” and Item 4 – “Information on the Company”.
ITEM
12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES.
Not
applicable.