The decrease in research and development costs reflects the initial development payment of approximately $122,000 made under contract in the 2021 period. Ongoing payments are made upon achievement of certain contractual milestones. The decrease in consulting and professional fees is the result of stock-based compensation recorded in conjunction with shares issued for investor relations and financial advisory services. The decrease in marketing expenses is due to the termination of various third- party arrangements.
The non -stock-based compensation increase in payroll related costs consists primarily of additional employee headcount and an increase in bonus paid to the Company’s CEO of approximately $42,000. The non-stock-based compensation increase in consulting and professional fees relates primarily to costs associated with operating as a public company.
Other expense decreased by $574,077 primarily due to a decrease in interest expense of $1,482,935, partially offset by a decrease in gain in the change in fair market value of derivative liabilities and a loss on extinguishment of debt of $371,882. The decrease in interest expense reflects a decrease in the amortization of debt discount related to debt conversions and maturities that occurred since June 2021 as well as no day 1 derivative loss for newly incurred debt in the 2022 period, as compared to the 2021 period. All derivative liabilities were settled as of December 31, 2021.
As a result of the foregoing, we recorded a net loss of $1,680,467 for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to a net loss of $3,334,916 for the six months ended June 30, 2021. The decrease in net loss is primarily attributed to the decrease in interest expense, the decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses and increased gross profit.
COVID-19 may impact our business.
On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern” and on March 11, 2020, declared it to be a pandemic. Actions taken around the world to help mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 include restrictions on travel, and quarantines in certain areas, and forced closures for certain types of public places and businesses. COVID-19, and actions taken to mitigate it, have had and are expected to continue to have an adverse impact on the economies and financial markets of many countries, including the geographical areas in which we operate. While it is unknown how long these conditions will last and what the complete financial effect will be to the Company, COVID-19 may have an adverse effect on our business. While we are taking diligent steps to mitigate any possible disruptions to our business, we are unable to predict the extent or nature of these impacts, at this time, to our future financial condition and results of operations.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
During the six months ended June 30, 2022 our cash and cash equivalents decreased by $317,941 reflecting cash used in operations of $415,765, partially offset by net proceeds from financing activities of $97,824. At June 30, 2022, the Company had a working capital deficit of $1,361,177 and cash on hand of $65,229. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, our cash and cash equivalents increased by $115,530, reflecting cash provided by financing activities of $844,037, partially offset by cash used in operations of $728,507.
Operating Activities
Cash flows used in operating activities totaled $415,765 for the six months ended June 30,2022 as compared to cash flows used of $728,507 for the six months ended June 30, 2021. The change in cash flows used in operating activities is primarily the result of a decrease in inventory purchases, increases in accounts payable and accrued liabilities as well as a decrease in the loss from operations.
Financing Activities
Cash flows provided by financing activities totaled $97,824 for the six months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to $844,037 for the six months ended June 30, 2021. The cash flows provided in the 2022 period reflect $494,220 in net proceeds from convertible promissory notes and $42,766 from the sale of common stock, partially offset by repayment of convertible promissory notes and related party notes payable totaling $425,375. The cash flows provided in the 2021 period are primarily the result of $950,000 in net proceeds from convertible promissory notes partially offset by related party notes payable repayments totaling $80,000.
On September 3, 2021, the Company entered into a forbearance agreement with one of its lenders. As additional consideration for entering into the forbearance agreement, the Company has agreed to issue the lender the number of shares equal to $100,000 on January 15,2022 at a 25% discount based upon the previous 15-day average closing price. Effective after January 15, 2022, if the Company enters into an agreement with a third-party investor for consideration per share less than the $0.50 fixed price per share of the notes, the