Cash Flows
Cash flows for the respective periods are as follows:
| | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended March 31, |
| | 2023 | | 2022 |
Net cash used in operating activities | | $ | (2,301,000) | | $ | (4,944,000) |
Net cash provided by investing activities | | | — | | | — |
Net cash used in financing activities | | | — | | | (111,000) |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents | | $ | (2,301,000) | | $ | (5,055,000) |
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities
During the three months ended March 31, 2023 our operating activities used approximately $2.3 million in cash and cash equivalents, which was less than our reported net loss of $4.0 million. The difference is primarily a result of a decrease in working capital, excluding cash and cash equivalents, totaling $1.8 million and non-cash charges related to depreciation and amortization and stock-based compensation totaling $0.1 million and the $56,000 loss on sale of fixed assets.
During the three months ended March 31, 2022 our operating activities used approximately $4.9 million in cash and cash equivalents, which was less than our reported net loss of $5.6 million. The difference is primarily a result of a decrease in working capital, excluding cash and cash equivalents, totaling $1.1 million and non-cash charges related to depreciation and amortization and stock-based compensation totaling $1.0 million, partially offset by a non-cash adjustment of $1.3 million related to the warrant derivative gain.
Net Cash Provided by Investing Activities
During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, there was no change in cash related to investing activities.
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, there was no change in cash related to financing activities.
During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we settled a tax liability of $79,000 related to the vesting of restricted stock awards. As a result of the settlement, the Company withheld 9,234 common shares for taxes which represented the fair value of the tax settlement. In addition, the Company paid $32,000 in offering costs related to the registered direct offering which was finalized in December 2021.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since inception, we have not generated revenue, profits or operating cash flow. Over this period, we have continued to be focused on research and pre-clinical / clinical development, all of which has required raising a substantial amount of capital. We are currently focusing nearly all of our resources towards the preclinical development of the OA-20X program. As part of the OA-20X program, we have been focusing on our ongoing efforts toward optimizing two potential small molecule formulations to take forward into development. In the third quarter of 2023, we intend to select one of these optimized formulations to move towards clinical development. Additionally, with the data from these studies, we expect to be in position later this year to seek scientific advice meetings with the FDA, UK, and EU regulators.
The Company’s sources of liquidity are its cash and cash equivalents, which were $10.4 million on March 31, 2023. We expect to use cash in operations for the continued development of the OA-20X program, as well as opportunistically identifying and evaluating strategic opportunities as part of the strategic alternatives process. Based on our current