ANDR Andrea Electronics Corporation (CE)

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2018

1. ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS

Andrea Electronics Corporation, incorporated in the State of New York in 1934, (together with its subsidiaries, “Andrea” or the “Company”) has been engaged in the electronic communications industry since its inception. Since the early 1990s, Andrea has been primarily focused on developing and manufacturing state-of-the-art microphone technologies and products for enhancing speech-based applications software and communications, primarily in the computer and business enterprise markets that require high quality, clear voice signals. Andrea’s technologies eliminate unwanted background noise to enable the optimum performance of various speech-based and audio applications. Andrea DSP Microphone and Audio Software Products have been designed for applications that are controlled by or depend on speech across a broad range of hardware and software platforms. These products incorporate Digital Signal Processing, Noise Cancellation, Active Noise Cancellation and Active Noise Reduction microphone technologies, and are designed to cancel background noise in a wide range of noisy environments, such as homes, offices, factories and automobiles. Andrea also manufactures a line of accessories for these products for the consumer and commercial markets in the United States as well as in Europe and Asia. Andrea’s products and technologies are developed in part using our proprietary intellectual property. Andrea intends to vigorously defend and monetize its intellectual property through licensing arrangements and, where necessary, enforcement actions against those entities using our patented solutions in their products. Royalties resulting from these patent monetization efforts can be structured in a variety of ways, including but not limited to one-time paid up licenses or on-going royalty arrangements. Andrea records these activities as part of Andrea’s Patent Monetization segment.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Liquidity

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern” (“ASU No. 2014-15”). ASU No. 2014-15 requires that management evaluate whether there are relevant conditions and events that, in the aggregate, raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and to meet its obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. Based upon the evaluation, management believes that there is not substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern and to meet its obligations as they become due within the next twelve months from the date of the financial statement issuance.

The Company’s loss before income taxes was approximately $943,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, of which $144,000 represents non-cash stock based compensation, depreciation and amortization expenses. As part of the evaluation, management considered the Company’s cash balance of $486,521 and its positive working capital of $795,998 as of December 31, 2018 as well as the Company’s projected revenues and expenses for the next twelve months. If the Company is not successful in achieving its projected revenues and expenses, it may need to seek other sources of revenue, areas of further expense reduction or additional funding from other sources such as debt or equity raising; however, there is no assurance that the Company would be successful in a debt or equity raise or that such funding would be on terms that it would find acceptable.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Andrea and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Loss Per Share

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss adjusts basic loss earnings per share for the effects of convertible securities, stock options and other potentially dilutive financial instruments, only in the periods in which such effect is dilutive. Diluted loss per share is based on the assumption that all dilutive convertible shares and stock options were converted or exercised. Dilution is computed by applying the treasury stock method for the outstanding options, and the if-converted method for the outstanding convertible instruments. Under the treasury stock method, options are assumed to be exercised at the beginning of the period (or at the time of issuance, if later) and as if funds obtained thereby were used to purchase common stock at the average market price during the period. Under the if-converted method, outstanding convertible instruments are assumed to be converted into common stock at the beginning of the period (or at the time of issuance, if later).

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As of December 31, 2018, Customers A, B and C accounted for approximately 55%, 19% and 14%, respectively, of accounts receivable.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company performs on-going credit evaluations of its customers and adjusts credit limits based upon payment history and the customer’s current credit worthiness, as determined by the review of their current credit information. Collections and payments from customers are continuously monitored. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts, which is based upon historical experience as well as specific customer collection issues that have been identified. While such bad debt expenses have historically been within expectations and allowances established, the Company cannot guarantee that it will continue to experience the same credit loss rates that it has in the past. If the financial condition of customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (on a first-in, first-out) or net realizable value. The cost of inventory is based on the respective cost of materials. Andrea reviews its inventory reserve for obsolescence on a quarterly basis and establishes reserves on inventories based on the specific identification method as well as a general reserve. Andrea records charges in inventory reserves as part of cost of revenues.

Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets ranging from 3 to 10 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lives of the respective leases or the expected useful lives of those improvements.

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ANDREA ELECTRONICS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2018

Expenditures for maintenance and repairs that do not materially prolong the normal useful life of an asset are charged to operations as incurred. Improvements that substantially extend the useful lives of the assets are capitalized. Upon sale or other disposition of assets, the cost and related accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from the accounts and the resulting gain or loss, if any, is reflected in the statement of operations.

Other Intangible Assets

Andrea amortizes its core technology and patents and trademarks on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives that range from 10 to 20 years.

Long-Lived Assets

Andrea accounts for its long-lived assets in accordance with ASC 360 “Plant, Property and Equipment,” for purposes of determining and measuring impairment of its long-lived assets (primarily intangible assets) other than goodwill. Andrea’s policy is to review the value assigned to its long-lived assets to determine if they have been permanently impaired by adverse conditions which may affect Andrea whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If Andrea identifies a permanent impairment such that the carrying amount of Andrea’s long-lived assets is not recoverable using the sum of an undiscounted cash flow projection (gross margin dollars from product sales), the impaired asset is adjusted to its estimated fair value, based on an estimate of future discounted cash flows which becomes the new cost basis for the impaired asset. Considerable management judgment is necessary to estimate undiscounted future operating cash flows and fair values and, accordingly, actual results could vary significantly from such estimates. No impairment charges were recognized during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

Revenue Recognition

On January 1, 2018 the Company adopted ASU No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" (Topic 606) (“ASU No. 2014-09”), which is described below in Recent Accounting Pronouncements. In accordance with Topic 606, the Company recognizes revenue using the following five-step approach:

Andrea utilized the modified retrospective approach when reviewing its current accounting policies to identify potential differences that would result from applying the new requirements to its customer contracts. This approach includes the evaluation of sales terms, performance obligations, variable consideration, and costs to obtain and fulfill contracts. Based on the Company’s review, management did not need to record a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the date of initial application and application of this guidance did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

The Company disaggregates its revenues into three contract types: (1) product revenues, (2) service related revenues and (3) license revenues and then further disaggregates its revenues by operating segment. Generally, product revenue is comprised of microphones and microphone connectivity product revenues. Product revenue is recognized when the Company satisfies its performance obligation by transferring promised goods to a customer. Product revenue is measured at the transaction price, which is based on the amount of consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring the promised goods to the customer. Contracts with customers are comprised of customer purchase orders, invoices and written contracts. Customer product orders are fulfilled at a point in time and not over a period of time. The Company does not have arrangements for returns from customers and does not have any future obligations directly or indirectly related to product resale by customers. The Company has no sales incentive programs. Service related and licensing revenues are recognized based on the terms and conditions of individual contracts using the five step approach listed above, which identifies performance obligations and transaction price. Typically, Andrea receives licensing reports from its licensees approximately one quarter in arrears due to the fact that its agreements require customers to report revenues between 30-60 days after the end of the quarter. Under this accounting policy, the licensing revenues reported are not based upon estimates. In addition, service related revenues, which are short-term in nature, are generally performed on a time-and-material basis under separate service arrangements and the corresponding revenue is generally recognized as the services are performed. At December 31, 2018, the Company had $25,341 of deferred revenue, which are advance payments from customers, are expected to be recognized as revenue within one year and are included in trade accounts payable and other current liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. See Note 13 for additional description of the Company’s reportable business segments and the revenue reported in each segment.

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ANDREA ELECTRONICS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2018

Income Taxes

Andrea accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”). ASC 740 requires an asset and liability approach for financial accounting and reporting for income taxes and establishes for all entities a minimum threshold for financial statement recognition of the benefit of tax positions, and requires certain expanded disclosures. The provision for income taxes is based upon income or loss after adjustment for those permanent items that are not considered in the determination of taxable income. Deferred income taxes represent the tax effects of differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of the Company’s assets and liabilities at the enacted tax rates in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company evaluates the recoverability of deferred tax assets and establishes a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. As of December 31, 2018, the Company has recorded a full valuation allowance. Andrea expects it will reduce its valuation allowance in future periods to the extent that it can demonstrate its ability to utilize the assets. Management makes judgments as to the interpretation of the tax laws that might be challenged upon an audit and cause changes to previous estimates of tax liability. In management’s opinion, adequate provisions for income taxes have been made for all years. If actual taxable income by tax jurisdiction varies from estimates, additional allowances or reversals of reserves may be necessary. Income tax expense consists of taxes payable for the period, withholding of income tax as mandated by the foreign jurisdiction in which the revenues are earned and the change during the period in deferred tax assets and liabilities. The Company has identified its federal tax return and its state tax return in New York as "major" tax jurisdictions. Based on the Company's evaluation, it has been concluded that there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in the Company's condensed consolidated interim financial statements. The Company's evaluation was performed for tax years ended 2014 through 2018. The Company believes that its income tax positions and deductions will be sustained on audit and does not anticipate any adjustments that will result in a material change to its financial position.

Stock-Based Compensation

At December 31, 2018, Andrea had one stock-based employee compensation plan, which is described more fully in Note 12. Andrea accounts for stock based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation” (“ASC 718”). ASC 718 establishes accounting for stock-based awards exchanged for employee services. Under the provisions of ASC 718, share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as expense over the employee’s requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity grant). The fair value of the Company’s common stock options are estimated using the Black Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: expected volatility, dividend rate, risk free interest rate and the expected life. The Company expenses stock-based compensation by using the straight-line method. In accordance with ASC 718, excess tax benefits realized from the exercise of stock-based awards are classified in cash flows from financing activities. The future realization of the reserved deferred tax assets related to these tax benefits associated with the exercise of stock options will result in a credit to additional paid in capital if the related tax deduction reduces taxes payable. The Company has elected the “with and without approach” regarding ordering of windfall tax benefits to determine whether the windfall tax benefit did reduce taxes payable in the current year. Under this approach, the windfall tax benefit would be recognized in additional paid-in-capital only if an incremental tax benefit is realized after considering all other benefits presently available.

Research and Development

Andrea expenses all research and development costs as incurred.

Advertising Expenses

All media costs of newspaper and magazine advertisements as well as trade show costs are expensed as incurred. Total advertising and marketing expenses for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 were approximately $17,000 and $13,000, respectively and are included in general, administrative and selling expenses.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures: (“ASU 820”) defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”), and expands disclosures about payments to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 820 applies to all assets and liabilities that are measured and reported on a fair value basis.

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ANDREA ELECTRONICS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2018

The Company will apply the provisions of ASC 820 to nonfinancial assets and liabilities. Andrea calculates the fair value of financial instruments and includes this additional information in the notes to consolidated financial statements when the fair value is different than the book value of those financial instruments. When the book value approximates fair value, no additional disclosure is made. Andrea uses quoted market prices whenever available to calculate these fair values. When quoted market prices are not available, Andrea uses standard pricing models for various types of financial instruments which take into account the present value of estimated future cash flows. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the carrying value of all financial instruments approximated fair value.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.

Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The most significant estimates, among other things, are used in accounting for allowances for bad debts, inventory valuation and obsolescence, product warranty, depreciation, deferred income taxes, expected realizable values for assets (primarily intangible assets), contingencies, revenue recognition as well as the recording and presentation of the Company’s convertible preferred stock. Estimates and assumptions are periodically reviewed and the effects of any material revisions are reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the period that they are determined to be necessary. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” This standard requires that a lessee recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from operating leases. A lessee should recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. In transition, lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company currently expects to elect the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases that qualify. This means, for those leases that qualify, the Company will not recognize right of use (“ROU”) assets or lease liabilities, and this includes not recognizing ROU assets or lease liabilities for existing short-term leases of those assets in transition. The Company expects ASU 2016-02 will not have a material effect on its financial statements. While it continues to assess all the effects of adoption, the Company currently believes the most significant effects relate to the recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for its existing leases. On adoption, the Company estimates it will recognize additional lease liabilities of approximately $78,000, with corresponding ROU assets of approximately the same amount.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) – Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” ASU No. 2016-13 provides financial statement readers more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. ASU No. 2016-13 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company has adopted ASU No. 2016-13 early and the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (230) – Restricted Cash.” ASU No. 2016-18 requires an entity to include amounts described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company has adopted ASU No. 2016-18 early and the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations.

In July 2017, FASB issued ASU No. 2017-11, I. Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments With Down Round Features and II. Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests With a Scope Exception (“ASU 2017-11”). ASU 2017-11 amends guidance in FASB ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, FASB ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The amendments in Part I of ASU 2017-11 change the classification analysis of certain equity-linked financial instruments (or embedded features) with down round features. The amendments in Part II of ASU 2017-11 re-characterize the indefinite deferral of certain provisions of Topic 480 that now are presented as pending content in the codification, to a scope exception. Those amendments do not have an accounting effect. ASU 2017-11 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company has adopted ASU No. 2017-11 early and the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations.

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ANDREA ELECTRONICS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2018

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-based Payment Accounting.” ASU No. 2018-07 aligns accounting for share-based payments issued to nonemployees to that of employees under the existing guidance of Topic 718, with certain exceptions. This update supersedes previous guidance for equity-based payments to nonemployees under Subtopic 505-50, “Equity – Equity-based Payments to Nonemployees.” It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company has adopted ASU No. 2018-07 early and the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations.

Subsequent Events

The Company evaluates events that occurred after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued. Based upon the evaluation, the Company did not identify any recognized or non-recognized subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the consolidated financial statements.

The changes in the carrying amount of intangible assets during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:

Andrea accounts for its long-lived assets in accordance with ASC 360 “Property, Plant and Equipment” for purposes of determining and measuring impairment of its long-lived assets (primarily intangible assets) other than goodwill. Andrea’s policy is to periodically review the value assigned to its long-lived assets to determine if they have been permanently impaired by adverse conditions which may affect Andrea. If Andrea identifies a permanent impairment such that the carrying amount of Andrea’s long-lived assets are not recoverable using the sum of an undiscounted cash flow projection (gross margin dollars from product revenues), a new cost basis for the impaired asset will be established. If required, an impairment charge is recorded based on an estimate of future discounted cash flows. This new cost basis will be net of any recorded impairment. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, Andrea concluded that there were no long-lived assets that were required to be tested for recoverability.

Amortization expense was $68,496 and $50,606 for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Patents and trademarks, once issued are amortized on a straight-line basis over periods ranging from 10 to 20 years. Assuming no changes in the Company's intangible assets, estimated amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years ending December 31 is expected to be approximately $47,000, $34,000, $25,000, $24,000 and $23,000, respectively.

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Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment was $29,554 and $24,839 for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

6. REVENUE SHARING, NOTE PURCHASE AGREEMENT, AND LONG-TERM DEBT

Revenue Sharing and Note Purchase Agreement

On December 24, 2014, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Revenue Sharing and Note Purchase Agreement (the “Revenue Sharing Agreement”) with AND34 Funding LLC (“AND34”) (acting as the “Revenue Participants,” the “Note Purchasers,” and the “Collateral Agent”), which was retroactively effective as of February 14, 2014. Under the Revenue Sharing Agreement, the Company granted AND34 a perpetual predetermined share in the rights of the Company’s specified future revenues from patents (“Monetization Revenues”) owned by the Company (the “Patents”) in exchange for $3,500,000, which was fully repaid as of September 30, 2016 and issued certain notes containing the features described in the Revenue Sharing Agreement (the “Notes”), which were repaid in 2016. In 2016-2017, the parties executed and amended a rider to the Revenue Sharing Agreement (the “Rider”) pursuant to which Andrea agreed to issue and sell to AND34 additional Notes up to an aggregate amount of $7,500,000 (the “Additional Notes”), or such greater amount as AND34 may agree to in its sole discretion, during the four-year period beginning on the date of execution of the Rider (August 10, 2016). The Additional Notes have a maturity date of August 31, 2020. The proceeds of the Additional Notes will be used to pay certain expenses related to the Revenue Sharing Agreement and expenses of the Company incurred in pursuing patent monetization. As of December 31, 2018, there was $1,484,422 in Additional Notes principal and $66,862 PIK Interest outstanding.

Any Monetization Revenues will first be applied 100% to the payment of accrued and unpaid interest on, and then to repay outstanding principal of, the Additional Notes. After the Additional Notes are paid in full, the Monetization Revenues will be allocated amongst the Revenue Participants and the Company in accordance with certain predetermined percentages (based on aggregate amounts received by the Revenue Participants) ranging from 50% to the Revenue Participants to ultimately 20%. Monetization Revenues is defined in the Revenue Sharing Agreement to include, but is not limited to, amounts that the Company receives from third parties with respect to the Patents, which may include new license revenues, certain product revenue, payments and judgments. Monetization Revenues and associated expenses are included in the Company’s Patent Monetization Segment (See Note 13).

The Revenue Sharing Agreement contains many stipulations between the parties regarding the handling of various matters related to the monetization of the Patents including tax treatment. Following an Event of Default under the Revenue Sharing Agreement, the Note Purchasers and Revenue Participants may proceed to protect and enforce their rights by suit or other appropriate proceeding, either for specific performance or the exercise of any power granted under the Revenue Sharing Agreement or ancillary documents including the Additional Notes.

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The unpaid principal amount of the Additional Notes (including any PIK Interest) has an interest rate equal to LIBOR (as defined in the Revenue Sharing Agreement) plus 2% per annum, (totaling 4.40% and 3.33% at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively); provided that upon and during the continuance of an Event of Default (as set forth in the Revenue Sharing Agreement), the interest rate will increase an additional 2% per annum. Interest may be paid in cash at the option of the Company or otherwise shall be paid by increasing the principal amount of the Additional Notes by the amount of such interest (“PIK Interest”). The Company may prepay the Additional Notes from time to time in whole or in part, without penalty or premium. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, $300,000 and $5,700,000, respectively, of Additional Notes were issued to AND34. As of December 31, 2018, the remaining amount of Additional Notes that can be issued is $100,000. Amounts reported as current maturities of long-term debt reflect amounts expected to be paid in the next twelve months.

8. SERIES C CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK

On October 10, 2000, Andrea issued and sold in a private placement $7,500,000 of Series C Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series C Preferred Stock”). Each of these shares of Series C Preferred Stock had a stated value of $10,000 plus a $1,671 increase in the stated value, which sum is convertible into Common Stock at a conversion price of $0.2551. On February 17, 2004, Andrea announced that it had entered into an Exchange and Termination Agreement and an Acknowledgment and Waiver Agreement, which eliminated the dividend of 5% per annum on the stated value. The additional amount of $1,671 represents the 5% per annum from October 10, 2000 through February 17, 2004. The shares of Series C Preferred Stock are subject to antidilution provisions, which are triggered in the event of certain stock splits, recapitalizations, or other dilutive transactions. In addition, issuances of common stock at a price below the conversion price then in effect (currently $0.2551), or the issuance of warrants, options, rights, or convertible securities which have an exercise price or conversion price less than that conversion price, other than for certain previously outstanding securities and certain “excluded securities” (as defined in the certificate of amendment), require the adjustment of the conversion price to that lower price at which shares of common stock have been issued or may be acquired. In the event that Andrea issues securities in the future which have a conversion price or exercise price which varies with the market price and the terms of such variable price are more favorable than the conversion price in the Series C Preferred Stock, the purchasers may elect to substitute the more favorable variable price when making conversions of the Series C Preferred Stock.

In accordance with Sub Topic 815-40, Andrea evaluated the Series C Preferred Stock and concluded that it is not indexed to the Company’s stock because of the conversion price adjustment feature described above. Accordingly, under the provisions of ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”), Andrea evaluated the Series C Preferred Stock embedded conversion feature. The Company has concluded that the embedded conversion feature would be classified in shareholders’ equity if it were a freestanding instrument, but as the Series C Preferred Stock is more akin to equity and as such it should not be bifurcated from the Series C instrument and accounted for separately.

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ANDREA ELECTRONICS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2018

On July 17, 2018, 21.85765 shares of Series C Preferred Stock, together with related accrued dividends, were converted into 1,000,022 shares of Common Stock at a conversion price of $0.2551.

As of December 31, 2018, there were 11.469249 shares of Series C Preferred Stock outstanding, which were convertible into 524,736 shares of Common Stock and had remaining accrued dividends of $19,168.

9. SERIES D CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK

On February 17, 2004, Andrea entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (including a Registration Rights Agreement) with certain holders of the Series C Preferred Stock and other investors (collectively, the “Buyers”) pursuant to which the Buyers agreed to invest a total of $2,500,000. In connection with this agreement, on February 23, 2004, the Buyers purchased, for a purchase price of $1,250,000, an aggregate of 1,250,000 shares of a new class of preferred stock, the Series D Preferred Stock, convertible into 5,000,000 shares of Common Stock (an effective conversion price of $0.25 per share) and Common Stock warrants exercisable for an aggregate of 2,500,000 shares of Common Stock. These warrants were exercisable at any time after August 17, 2004, at an exercise price of $0.38 per share. On February 23, 2009, these warrants expired without being exercised.

In addition, on June 4, 2004, the Buyers purchased for an additional $1,250,000, an additional 1,250,000 shares of Series D Preferred Stock convertible into 5,000,000 shares of Common Stock (an effective conversion price of $0.25 per share) and Common Stock warrants exercisable for an aggregate of 2,500,000 shares of Common Stock. The warrants were exercisable at any time after December 4, 2004 and before June 4, 2009 at an exercise price of $0.17 per share. On June 4, 2009, these warrants expired without being exercised.

The shares of Series D Preferred Stock are also subject to antidilution provisions, which are triggered in the event of certain stock splits, recapitalizations, or other dilutive transactions. In addition, issuances of common stock at a price below the conversion price then in effect (currently $0.25), or the issuance of warrants, options, rights, or convertible securities which have an exercise price or conversion price less than that conversion price, other than for certain previously outstanding securities and certain “excluded securities” (as defined in the certificate of amendment), require the adjustment of the conversion price to that lower price at which shares of common stock have been issued or may be acquired. In the event that Andrea issues securities in the future which have a conversion price or exercise price which varies with the market price and the terms of such variable price are more favorable than the conversion price in the Series D Preferred Stock, the purchasers may elect to substitute the more favorable variable price when making conversions of the Series D Preferred Stock. In addition, the Company is required to use its best efforts to secure the inclusion for quotation on the Over the Counter Bulletin Board for the common stock issuable under the Series D Preferred Stock and to arrange for at least two market makers to register with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. In the event that the holder of the Series D Preferred Stock is unable to convert these securities into Andrea Common Stock, the Company shall pay to each such holder a Registration Delay Payment. This payment is to be paid in cash and is equal to the product of (i) the stated value of such Preferred Shares multiplied by (ii) the product of (1) .0005 multiplied by (2) the number of days that sales cannot be made pursuant to the Registration Statement (excluding any days during that may be considered grace periods as defined by the Registration Rights Agreement).

In accordance with Sub Topic 815-40, Andrea evaluated the Series D Preferred Stock and concluded that it is not considered to be indexed to the Company’s stock because of the conversion price adjustment feature described above. Accordingly, under the provisions of ASC 815, Andrea evaluated the Series D Preferred Stock embedded conversion feature. The Company has concluded that the embedded conversion feature would be classified in shareholders’ equity if it were a freestanding instrument, but as the Series D Preferred Stock is more akin to equity and as such it should not be bifurcated from the Series D instrument and accounted for separately.

As of December 31, 2018, there were 907,144 shares of Series D Preferred Stock outstanding which were convertible into 3,628,576 shares of Common Stock.

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ANDREA ELECTRONICS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2018

10. INCOME TAXES

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740 which prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. ASC 740 also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim period, disclosure and transition. There were no unrecognized tax benefits as of January 1, 2017 and during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

The Company has identified its federal tax return and its state tax return in New York as "major" tax jurisdictions, as defined in ASC 740. Based on the Company's evaluation, it has concluded that there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in the Company's consolidated financial statements. The Company's evaluation was performed for tax years ended 2015 through 2018. The Company believes that its income tax positions and deductions will be sustained on audit and does not anticipate any adjustments that will result in a material change to its consolidated financial position.

On December 22, 2017, President Trump signed into law the legislation generally known as the Tax Cut and Jobs Act (the “2017 Tax Act”). The 2017 Tax Act includes a number of changes to existing U.S. tax laws that impact the Company, most notably a reduction of the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. The company recognized the income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act during the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company recorded a material, non-cash, change in its net deferred income tax balances of approximately $5.7 million related to the tax rate change, which resulting in a corresponding reduction of its valuation allowance.

The Company's policy for recording interest and penalties associated with audits is to record such items as a component of income tax expense. There were no amounts accrued for penalties or interest as of or during the year ended December 31, 2018. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company determined that, more likely than not, its deferred tax assets would not be realized and, accordingly, increased the valuation allowance. The increase in the valuation allowance is included in the income tax provision in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2018. Management is currently unaware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviations from its position.

The provision for income tax consisted of the following:

The provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 of approximately $2,600 and $13,000, respectively, is the result of certain licensing revenues that are subject to withholding of income tax as mandated by the foreign jurisdiction in which the revenues are earned partially offset by a Federal income tax refund relating to alternative minimum tax credits.

Loss before income taxes is comprised of the following:

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The components of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax asset, net, are as follows:

The change in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets are summarized as follows:

As of December 31, 2018, Andrea had net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $43.8 million. $1 million of these net operating loss carryforwards are carried forward indefinitely, the remaining $42.8 million expire in varying amounts beginning in 2018 through 2037. Andrea has General Business Credits of approximately $1.4 million expiring in varying amounts beginning in 2018 through 2038. As a result of the Company’s adoption of ASU No. 2016-09 effective January 1, 2016, the Company records tax benefits and expense in the statements of earnings.

11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Leases

In May 2015, Andrea entered into a new lease for its new corporate headquarters located in Bohemia, New York, where Andrea leases space for research and development, sales and executive offices from an unrelated party. The lease is for approximately 3,000 square feet and expires in October 2020. The rent expense under this operating lease was $34,666 and $33,701 for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The current monthly rent under this lease is $2,910 with annual escalations of 3.5%.

As of December 31, 2018, the minimum annual future lease payments, under this lease and all other noncancellable operating leases, were as follows:

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2018

Employment Agreements

In August 2014, the Company entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Andrea, which was subsequently amended on February 19, 2018, August 9, 2018 and March 22, 2019. The effective date of the original employment agreement was August 1, 2014 and it currently expires on July 31, 2019, subject to renewal as approved by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. Pursuant to his amended employment agreement, Mr. Andrea will receive an annual base salary of $216,000. The employment agreement provides for quarterly bonuses equal to 5% of the Company’s pre-bonus net after tax quarterly earnings for a total quarterly bonus amount not to exceed $12,500; and annual bonuses equal to 9% of the Company’s annual pre-bonus net after tax earnings in excess of $300,000 up to $3,000,000, and 3% of the Company’s annual pre-bonus adjusted net after tax earnings in excess of $3,000,000. Adjustments to net after tax earnings shall be made to remove the impact of change in recognition of accumulated deferred tax asset value. All bonuses shall be payable as soon as the Company’s cash flow permits. All bonus determinations or any additional bonus in excess of the above will be made in the sole discretion of the Compensation Committee. Under certain circumstances, Mr. Andrea is entitled to a change in control payment equal to twelve months of the Executive's most recent Base Salary plus a pro-rated portion of the Executive's most recent annual and four quarterly bonuses paid immediately preceding the Change of Control, continuation of health and medical benefits for twelve months and immediate vesting of all stock options in the event of a change in control during the term of his agreement and subsequent termination of his employment within twelve months following the change of control. In the event of his termination without cause or resignation with the Company’s consent, Mr. Andrea is entitled to a severance payment equal to two months of his base salary, plus the two months pro-rated portion of his most recent annual and quarterly bonuses, payment of $12,500, the un-paid bonus for the quarter ended September 30, 2017 and a continuation of health insurance coverage for Mr. Andrea, his spouse and his dependents for 6 months. At December 31, 2018, the future minimum cash commitments under this agreement aggregate $126,000.

On November 11, 2008, the Company entered into an amended and restated change in control agreement with Corisa L. Guiffre, Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Assistant Corporate Secretary of the Company. The change in control agreement provides Ms. Guiffre with a severance benefit upon termination in connection with a change in control (as defined in the agreement). If Ms. Guiffre is terminated following a change in control, the Company will pay Ms. Guiffre a sum equal to three times Ms. Guiffre’s average annual compensation for the five preceding taxable years. All restrictions on any restricted stock will lapse immediately and incentive stock options and stock appreciation rights, if any, will become immediately exercisable in the event of a change in control of the Company. Upon the occurrence of a change in control followed by Ms. Guiffre’s termination of employment, the Company will cause to be continued life, medical, dental and disability coverage. Such coverage and payments shall cease upon the expiration of 36 full calendar months following the date of termination.

Legal Proceedings

In September 2016, the Company filed a complaint with the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, alleging patent infringement against Apple Inc. (“Apple”) and requesting monetary and injunctive relief (the “New York Litigation”). The New York Litigation was stayed pending final disposition of a parallel case that the Company filed against Apple with the United States International Trade Commission (“ITC”). The ITC’s final decision finding that Apple did not violate the ITC’s statute was issued on March 22, 2018. Apple informed the New York judge of this final decision on May 30, 2018. The ITC’s final decision does not affect Andrea’s right to continue prosecuting the New York litigation.

In January 2017, Apple filed four (4) petitions for inter partes review (“IPR”) of the Company’s patents asserted in the New York Litigation with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (PTO). The Company filed its Patent Owner’s Preliminary Response in two of these IPR proceedings on May 1, 2017. The PTO instituted the four IPR proceedings requested by Apple on July 24, 2017. The Company filed its Patent Owner’s Response in two of these IPR proceedings on November 7, 2017. On March 19, 2018, both the Company and Apple requested oral argument in these two IPR proceedings, which occurred on April 25, 2018. On July 12, 2018, the PTO issued its final written decisions in those two IPR proceedings, ruling that claims 6-9 of the Company’s U.S. Patent No. 6,363,345 remain valid and enforceable after the PTO’s review. On September 13, 2018, Apple filed its Notice of Appeal of that ruling to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (the “Federal Circuit”). Apple filed its Appeal Brief with the Federal Circuit on January 31, 2019. The Company filed its Response to Apple’s Appeal Brief on March 12, 2019.

On July 20, 2018, after the PTO’s final written decisions, the Company informed the New York judge of the status of the PTO proceedings, and its intention to move forward with the New York Litigation regarding claims 6-9 of the Company’s U.S. Patent No. 6,363,345. Apple asked the New York judge to maintain the previously entered stay of the New York Litigation pending its appeal of the PTO holdings to the Federal Circuit. At the New York judge’s request, the parties fully briefed their competing arguments regarding whether to lift or maintain the stay and submitted those briefs to the New York judge on December 13, 2018. The Company and Apple are still awaiting the New York judge’s ruling on whether to lift the stay.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2018

Andrea intends to vigorously prosecute the New York Litigation and Apple’s appeal of the IPR results to the Federal Circuit.

12. STOCK PLANS AND STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

In October 2006, the Board adopted the Andrea Electronics Corporation 2006 Equity Compensation Plan (“2006 Plan”), which was subsequently approved by the shareholders. The 2006 Plan, as amended, authorized the granting of awards, the exercise of which would allow up to an aggregate of 18,000,000 shares of Andrea’s Common Stock to be acquired by the holders of those awards. Awards could be granted to key employees, officers, directors and consultants. As the 2006 Plan has expired, no further awards will be granted under the 2006 Plan.

The stock option awards granted under this plan have been granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of the Company’s stock at the date of grant with vesting periods of up to four years and 10-year contractual terms. The fair values of each stock option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model that uses the weighted-average assumptions noted in the following table. Expected volatilities are based on implied volatilities from historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The expected term of options granted represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free rate for periods within the contractual life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.

No options were granted during the year ended December 31, 2018 or 2017.

Option activity during 2018 is summarized as follows: