Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)
BROWN-FORMAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended | | Nine Months Ended |
| January 31, | | January 31, |
| 2021 | | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2022 |
| Sales | $ | 1,222 | | | $ | 1,365 | | | $ | 3,481 | | | $ | 3,831 | |
| Excise taxes | 311 | | | 328 | | | 832 | | | 894 | |
| Net sales | 911 | | | 1,037 | | | 2,649 | | | 2,937 | |
| Cost of sales | 361 | | | 415 | | | 1,053 | | | 1,172 | |
| Gross profit | 550 | | | 622 | | | 1,596 | | | 1,765 | |
| Advertising expenses | 121 | | | 117 | | | 278 | | | 311 | |
| Selling, general, and administrative expenses | 157 | | | 162 | | | 460 | | | 495 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Gain on sale of business | — | | | — | | | (127) | | | — | |
| Other expense (income), net | (9) | | | (4) | | | (13) | | | 1 | |
| Operating income | 281 | | | 347 | | | 998 | | | 958 | |
| Non-operating postretirement expense | 1 | | | — | | | 4 | | | 2 | |
| Interest income | — | | | (1) | | | (1) | | | (3) | |
| Interest expense | 21 | | | 20 | | | 61 | | | 61 | |
| Income before income taxes | 259 | | | 328 | | | 934 | | | 898 | |
| Income taxes | 40 | | | 69 | | | 151 | | | 211 | |
| Net income | $ | 219 | | | $ | 259 | | | $ | 783 | | | $ | 687 | |
| Earnings per share: | | | | | | | |
| Basic | $ | 0.46 | | | $ | 0.54 | | | $ | 1.64 | | | $ | 1.43 | |
| Diluted | $ | 0.45 | | | $ | 0.54 | | | $ | 1.63 | | | $ | 1.43 | |
See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
BROWN-FORMAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended | | Nine Months Ended |
| January 31, | | January 31, |
| 2021 | | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2022 |
| Net income | $ | 219 | | | $ | 259 | | | $ | 783 | | | $ | 687 | |
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: | | | | | | | |
| Currency translation adjustments | 47 | | | (27) | | | 113 | | | (49) | |
| Cash flow hedge adjustments | (33) | | | 16 | | | (72) | | | 40 | |
| Postretirement benefits adjustments | 5 | | | 5 | | | 17 | | | 13 | |
| Net other comprehensive income (loss) | 19 | | | (6) | | | 58 | | | 4 | |
| Comprehensive income | $ | 238 | | | $ | 253 | | | $ | 841 | | | $ | 691 | |
See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
BROWN-FORMAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| April 30, 2021 | | January 31,
2022 |
| Assets | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,150 | | | $ | 812 | |
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $7 at April 30 and $6 at January 31 | 753 | | | 796 | |
| Inventories: | | | |
| Barreled whiskey | 1,101 | | | 1,126 | |
| Finished goods | 323 | | | 302 | |
| Work in process | 199 | | | 220 | |
| Raw materials and supplies | 128 | | | 121 | |
| Total inventories | 1,751 | | | 1,769 | |
| | | |
| Other current assets | 263 | | | 276 | |
| Total current assets | 3,917 | | | 3,653 | |
| Property, plant and equipment, net | 832 | | | 818 | |
| Goodwill | 779 | | | 771 | |
| Other intangible assets | 676 | | | 652 | |
| Deferred tax assets | 70 | | | 67 | |
| Other assets | 248 | | | 265 | |
| Total assets | $ | 6,522 | | | $ | 6,226 | |
| Liabilities | | | |
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 679 | | | $ | 629 | |
| Dividends payable | — | | | 90 | |
| Accrued income taxes | 34 | | | 64 | |
| Short-term borrowings | 205 | | | 16 | |
| Current portion of long-term debt | — | | | 250 | |
| Total current liabilities | 918 | | | 1,049 | |
| Long-term debt | 2,354 | | | 2,061 | |
| Deferred tax liabilities | 169 | | | 190 | |
| Accrued pension and other postretirement benefits | 219 | | | 216 | |
| Other liabilities | 206 | | | 191 | |
| Total liabilities | 3,866 | | | 3,707 | |
| Commitments and contingencies | | | |
| Stockholders’ Equity | | | |
| Common stock: | | | |
Class A, voting, $0.15 par value (170,000,000 shares authorized; 170,000,000 shares issued) | 25 | | | 25 | |
Class B, nonvoting, $0.15 par value (400,000,000 shares authorized; 314,532,000 shares issued) | 47 | | | 47 | |
| Additional paid-in capital | — | | | 3 | |
| Retained earnings | 3,243 | | | 3,091 | |
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | (422) | | | (418) | |
Treasury stock, at cost (5,803,000 and 5,613,000 shares at April 30 and January 31, respectively) | (237) | | | (229) | |
| Total stockholders’ equity | 2,656 | | | 2,519 | |
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 6,522 | | | $ | 6,226 | |
See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
BROWN-FORMAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Nine Months Ended |
| January 31, |
| | 2021 | | 2022 |
| Cash flows from operating activities: | | | |
| Net income | $ | 783 | | | $ | 687 | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operations: | | | |
| Gain on sale of business | (127) | | | — | |
| Non-cash asset write-downs | — | | | 9 | |
| Depreciation and amortization | 58 | | | 60 | |
| Stock-based compensation expense | 9 | | | 11 | |
| Deferred income tax provision (benefit) | (56) | | | (3) | |
| | | |
| Other, net | (15) | | | 15 | |
| Changes in assets and liabilities, excluding the effects of sale of business: | | | |
| Accounts receivable | (219) | | | (59) | |
| Inventories | (14) | | | (33) | |
| Other current assets | 30 | | | — | |
| Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 68 | | | (32) | |
| Accrued income taxes | 16 | | | 30 | |
| Other operating assets and liabilities | 39 | | | (2) | |
| Cash provided by operating activities | 572 | | | 683 | |
| Cash flows from investing activities: | | | |
| Proceeds from sale of business | 177 | | | — | |
| Proceeds from sale of property, plant, and equipment | — | | | 2 | |
| Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired | (14) | | | — | |
| Additions to property, plant, and equipment | (41) | | | (62) | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| Computer software expenditures | (2) | | | (3) | |
| Cash provided by (used for) investing activities | 120 | | | (63) | |
| Cash flows from financing activities: | | | |
| Proceeds from short-term borrowings, maturities greater than 90 days | 344 | | | — | |
| Repayments of short-term borrowings, maturities greater than 90 days | (342) | | | — | |
| Net change in short-term borrowings, maturities of 90 days or less | (25) | | | (181) | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| Payments of withholding taxes related to stock-based awards | (18) | | | (8) | |
| | | |
| | | |
| Dividends paid | (253) | | | (741) | |
| | | |
| Cash used for financing activities | (294) | | | (930) | |
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 33 | | | (28) | |
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 431 | | | (338) | |
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 675 | | | 1,150 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 1,106 | | | $ | 812 | |
See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
BROWN-FORMAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
In these notes, “we,” “us,” “our,” “Brown-Forman,” and the “Company” refer to Brown-Forman Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries, collectively.
1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
We prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission for interim financial information. In accordance with those rules and regulations, we condensed or omitted certain information and disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments (unless otherwise indicated), necessary for a fair statement of our financial results for the periods presented in these financial statements. The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of future or annual results.
We suggest that you read these condensed financial statements together with the financial statements and footnotes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2021 (2021 Form 10-K). We prepared the accompanying financial statements on a basis that is substantially consistent with the accounting principles applied in our 2021 Form 10-K.
2. Earnings Per Share
We calculate basic earnings per share by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share further includes the dilutive effect of stock-based compensation awards. We calculate that dilutive effect using the “treasury stock method” (as defined by GAAP).
The following table presents information concerning basic and diluted earnings per share:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended | | Nine Months Ended |
| January 31, | | January 31, |
| (Dollars in millions, except per share amounts) | 2021 | | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2022 |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Net income available to common stockholders | $ | 219 | | | $ | 259 | | | $ | 783 | | | $ | 687 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Share data (in thousands): | | | | | | | |
| Basic average common shares outstanding | 478,599 | | | 478,887 | | | 478,471 | | | 478,844 | |
| Dilutive effect of stock-based awards | 2,237 | | | 1,680 | | | 2,194 | | | 1,755 | |
| Diluted average common shares outstanding | 480,836 | | | 480,567 | | | 480,665 | | | 480,599 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Basic earnings per share | $ | 0.46 | | | $ | 0.54 | | | $ | 1.64 | | | $ | 1.43 | |
| Diluted earnings per share | $ | 0.45 | | | $ | 0.54 | | | $ | 1.63 | | | $ | 1.43 | |
We excluded common stock-based awards for approximately 298,000 shares and 789,000 shares from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the three months ended January 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively. We excluded common stock-based awards for approximately 211,000 shares and 623,000 shares from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the nine months ended January 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively. We excluded those awards because they were not dilutive for those periods under the treasury stock method.
3. Inventories
We value some of our consolidated inventories, including most of our U.S. inventories, at the lower of cost, using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method or market value. If the LIFO method had not been used, inventories at current cost would have been $353 million higher than reported as of April 30, 2021, and $388 million higher than reported as of January 31, 2022. Changes in the LIFO valuation reserve for interim periods are based on an allocation of the projected change for the entire fiscal year, recognized proportionately over the remainder of the fiscal year.
4. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The following table shows the changes in goodwill (which includes no accumulated impairment losses) and other intangible assets during the nine months ended January 31, 2022:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (Dollars in millions) | Goodwill | | Other Intangible Assets |
Balance at April 30, 2021 | $ | 779 | | | $ | 676 | |
| | | |
| | | |
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | (8) | | | (24) | |
Balance at January 31, 2022 | $ | 771 | | | $ | 652 | |
Our other intangible assets consist of trademarks and brand names, all with indefinite useful lives.
5. Commitments and Contingencies
We operate in a litigious environment, and we are sued in the normal course of business. Sometimes plaintiffs seek substantial damages. Significant judgment is required in predicting the outcome of these suits and claims, many of which take years to adjudicate. We accrue estimated costs for a contingency when we believe that a loss is probable and we can make a reasonable estimate of the loss, and then adjust the accrual as appropriate to reflect changes in facts and circumstances. We do not believe it is reasonably possible that these existing loss contingencies, individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or liquidity. No material accrued loss contingencies were recorded as of January 31, 2022.
We have guaranteed the repayment by a third-party importer of its obligation under a bank credit facility that it uses in connection with its importation of our products in Russia. If the importer were to default on that obligation, which we believe is unlikely, our maximum possible exposure under the existing terms of the guaranty would be approximately $11 million (subject to changes in foreign currency exchange rates). Both the fair value and carrying amount of the guaranty are insignificant. As of January 31, 2022, our actual exposure under the guaranty of the importer’s obligation was approximately $4 million. We also have accounts receivable from that importer of approximately $9 million at January 31, 2022, which we expect to collect in full. Based on the financial support we provide to the importer, we believe it meets the definition of a variable interest entity. However, because we do not control this entity, it is not included in our consolidated financial statements.
On May 30, 2019, we notified Bacardi Martini Ltd. (Bacardi) of our intention not to renew the terms of our United Kingdom (U.K.) Cost Sharing Agreement (the Agreement) whereby Bacardi provided certain services (e.g., warehousing and logistics, sales, reporting, treasury, tax, and other services) and Brown-Forman and Bacardi split the associated overhead for those services. For purposes of conducting business, Brown-Forman and Bacardi established a U.K. trade name, “Bacardi Brown-Forman Brands,” through which our products and Bacardi’s products were sold in the U.K. On a monthly basis, Bacardi would remit to us the cash representing revenues from sales of our products, net of our agreed contributions for overhead costs under the Agreement. On April 30, 2020, the Agreement expired according to its terms.
Following delivery of our notice and upon expiration of the Agreement, Bacardi alleged that it was entitled to approximately £49 million under the principle of commercial agency in the U.K., as well as additional compensation for the winding up of business conducted under the Agreement and for remitting the associated funds owed to us. From monthly settlements following the expiration of the Agreement, Bacardi withheld over £50 million owed to us, effectively bypassing the dispute resolution process under the Agreement.
In response to Bacardi’s actions, we initiated a lawsuit on August 20, 2020, in the Commercial Court in the U.K. seeking reimbursement of the amounts wrongfully withheld (the Commercial Court Action). Shortly thereafter, Bacardi filed a demand for arbitration seeking a determination that it was entitled to compensation as a commercial agent and for additional compensation for the work completed following the expiration of the Agreement (the Arbitration).
Since it was raised, we have disputed Bacardi’s claim of commercial agency compensation and issued a demand that Bacardi adhere to the dispute resolution process mandated by the Agreement. The ruling for the Commercial Court Action was issued on May 19, 2021, in which the Court declined to order Bacardi to return the amounts withheld pending the outcome of the Arbitration. The Arbitration took place the week of July 12, 2021, and the decision was rendered December 8, 2021. The decision confirmed that Bacardi was not entitled to compensation as a commercial agent but was awarded an immaterial amount for its work in winding up the business. In December 2021, Bacardi remitted £47 million related to this matter.
6. Debt
Our long-term debt (net of unamortized discount and issuance costs) consists of:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (Principal and carrying amounts in millions) | April 30, 2021 | | January 31,
2022 |
| | | |
2.250% senior notes, $250 principal amount, due January 15, 2023 | $ | 249 | | | $ | 250 | |
3.500% senior notes, $300 principal amount, due April 15, 2025 | 298 | | | 298 | |
1.200% senior notes, €300 principal amount, due July 7, 2026 | 362 | | | 333 | |
2.600% senior notes, £300 principal amount, due July 7, 2028 | 415 | | | 399 | |
4.000% senior notes, $300 principal amount, due April 15, 2038 | 294 | | | 295 | |
3.750% senior notes, $250 principal amount, due January 15, 2043 | 248 | | | 248 | |
4.500% senior notes, $500 principal amount, due July 15, 2045 | 488 | | | 488 | |
| | | |
| 2,354 | | | 2,311 | |
| Less current portion | — | | | 250 | |
| $ | 2,354 | | | $ | 2,061 | |
Our short-term borrowings of $205 million as of April 30, 2021 included of $195 million of borrowings under our commercial paper program. There were no borrowings under that program as of January 31, 2022.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| (Dollars in millions) | April 30, 2021 | | January 31,
2022 |
| Commercial paper | $195 | | $— |
| Average interest rate | 0.16% | | —% |
| Average remaining days to maturity | 24 | | 0 |
7. Stockholders’ Equity
The following table shows the changes in stockholders’ equity by quarter during the nine months ended January 31, 2021:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (Dollars in millions) | Class A Common Stock | | Class B Common Stock | | Additional Paid-in Capital | | Retained Earnings | | AOCI | | Treasury Stock | | Total |
| Balance at April 30, 2020 | $ | 25 | | | $ | 47 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 2,708 | | | $ | (547) | | | $ | (258) | | | $ | 1,975 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net income | | | | | | | 324 | | | | | | | 324 | |
| Net other comprehensive income (loss) | | | | | | | | | 24 | | | | | 24 | |
| Declaration of cash dividends | | | | | | | (167) | | | | | | | (167) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Stock-based compensation expense | | | | | 3 | | | | | | | | | 3 | |
| Stock issued under compensation plans | | | | | | | | | | | 10 | | | 10 | |
| Loss on issuance of treasury stock issued under compensation plans | | | | | (3) | | | (16) | | | | | | | (19) | |
| Balance at July 31, 2020 | 25 | | | 47 | | | — | | | 2,849 | | | (523) | | | (248) | | | 2,150 | |
| Net income | | | | | | | 240 | | | | | | | 240 | |
| Net other comprehensive income (loss) | | | | | | | | | 15 | | | | | 15 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Stock-based compensation expense | | | | | 3 | | | | | | | | | 3 | |
| Stock issued under compensation plans | | | | | | | | | | | 5 | | | 5 | |
| Loss on issuance of treasury stock issued under compensation plans | | | | | (3) | | | (7) | | | | | | | (10) | |
| Balance at October 31, 2020 | 25 | | | 47 | | | — | | | 3,082 | | | (508) | | | (243) | | | 2,403 | |
| Net income | | | | | | | 219 | | | | | | | 219 | |
| Net other comprehensive income (loss) | | | | | | | | | 19 | | | | | 19 | |
| Declaration of cash dividends | | | | | | | (172) | | | | | | | (172) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Stock-based compensation expense | | | | | 3 | | | | | | | | | 3 | |
| Stock issued under compensation plans | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | | | 3 | |
| Loss on issuance of treasury stock issued under compensation plans | | | | | (3) | | | (4) | | | | | | | (7) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Balance at January 31, 2021 | $ | 25 | | | $ | 47 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 3,125 | | | $ | (489) | | | $ | (240) | | | $ | 2,468 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The following table shows the changes in stockholders’ equity by quarter during the nine months ended January 31, 2022:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (Dollars in millions) | Class A Common Stock | | Class B Common Stock | | Additional Paid-in Capital | | Retained Earnings | | AOCI | | Treasury Stock | | Total |
| Balance at April 30, 2021 | $ | 25 | | | $ | 47 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 3,243 | | | $ | (422) | | | $ | (237) | | | $ | 2,656 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net income | | | | | | | 192 | | | | | | | 192 | |
| Net other comprehensive income (loss) | | | | | | | | | 8 | | | | | 8 | |
| Declaration of cash dividends | | | | | | | (172) | | | | | | | (172) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Stock-based compensation expense | | | | | 4 | | | | | | | | | 4 | |
| Stock issued under compensation plans | | | | | | | | | | | 5 | | | 5 | |
| Loss on issuance of treasury stock issued under compensation plans | | | | | (2) | | | (8) | | | | | | | (10) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Balance at July 31, 2021 | 25 | | | 47 | | | 2 | | | 3,255 | | | (414) | | | (232) | | | 2,683 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net income | | | | | | | 236 | | | | | | | 236 | |
| Net other comprehensive income (loss) | | | | | | | | | 2 | | | | | 2 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Stock-based compensation expense | | | | | 3 | | | | | | | | | 3 | |
| Stock issued under compensation plans | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | | | 1 | |
| Loss on issuance of treasury stock issued under compensation plans | | | | | (2) | | | | | | | | | (2) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Balance at October 31, 2021 | 25 | | | 47 | | | 3 | | | 3,491 | | | (412) | | | (231) | | | 2,923 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net income | | | | | | | 259 | | | | | | | 259 | |
| Net other comprehensive income (loss) | | | | | | | | | (6) | | | | | (6) | |
| Declaration of cash dividends | | | | | | | (659) | | | | | | | (659) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Stock-based compensation expense | | | | | 4 | | | | | | | | | 4 | |
| Stock issued under compensation plans | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | | | 2 | |
| Loss on issuance of treasury stock issued under compensation plans | | | | | (4) | | | | | | | | | (4) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Balance at January 31, 2022 | $ | 25 | | | $ | 47 | | | $ | 3 | | | $ | 3,091 | | | $ | (418) | | | $ | (229) | | | $ | 2,519 | |
The following table shows the change in each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI), net of tax, during the nine months ended January 31, 2022:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (Dollars in millions) | Currency Translation Adjustments | | Cash Flow Hedge Adjustments | | Postretirement Benefits Adjustments | | Total AOCI |
Balance at April 30, 2021 | $ | (179) | | | $ | (16) | | | $ | (227) | | | $ | (422) | |
| Net other comprehensive income (loss) | (49) | | | 40 | | | 13 | | | 4 | |
Balance at January 31, 2022 | $ | (228) | | | $ | 24 | | | $ | (214) | | | $ | (418) | |
The following table shows the cash dividends declared per share on our Class A and Class B common stock during the nine months ended January 31, 2022:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Declaration Date | | Record Date | | Payable Date | | Amount per Share |
| May 27, 2021 | | June 8, 2021 | | July 1, 2021 | | $0.1795 |
| July 22, 2021 | | September 3, 2021 | | October 1, 2021 | | $0.1795 |
| November 18, 2021 | | December 3, 2021 | | December 28, 2021 | | $0.1885 |
| November 18, 2021 | | December 9, 2021 | | December 29, 2021 | | $1.0000 |
| January 25, 2022 | | March 8, 2022 | | April 1, 2022 | | $0.1885 |
8. Net Sales
The following table shows our net sales by geography: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended | | Nine Months Ended |
| January 31, | | January 31, |
| (Dollars in millions) | 2021 | | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2022 |
United States | $ | 425 | | | $ | 488 | | | $ | 1,334 | | | $ | 1,400 | |
Developed International1 | 292 | | | 318 | | | 789 | | | 884 | |
Emerging2 | 171 | | | 196 | | | 438 | | | 533 | |
Travel Retail3 | 12 | | | 25 | | | 47 | | | 74 | |
Non-branded & bulk4 | 11 | | | 10 | | | 41 | | | 46 | |
| Total | $ | 911 | | | $ | 1,037 | | | $ | 2,649 | | | $ | 2,937 | |
1Represents net sales of branded products to “advanced economies” as defined by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), excluding the United States. Our largest developed international markets are Australia, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, and Canada.
2Represents net sales of branded products to “emerging and developing economies” as defined by the IMF. Our largest emerging markets are Mexico, Poland, Brazil, and Russia.
3Represents net sales of branded products to global duty-free customers, other travel retail customers, and the U.S. military regardless of customer location.
4Includes net sales of used barrels, bulk whiskey and wine, and contract bottling regardless of customer location.
The following table shows our net sales by product category: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended | | Nine Months Ended |
| January 31, | | January 31, |
| (Dollars in millions) | 2021 | | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2022 |
Whiskey1 | $ | 731 | | | $ | 835 | | | $ | 2,101 | | | $ | 2,309 | |
Tequila2 | 72 | | | 90 | | | 224 | | | 266 | |
Wine3 | 50 | | | 54 | | | 162 | | | 176 | |
Vodka4 | 26 | | | 29 | | | 71 | | | 86 | |
Non-branded and bulk5 | 11 | | | 10 | | | 41 | | | 46 | |
| Rest of portfolio | 21 | | | 19 | | | 50 | | | 54 | |
| Total | $ | 911 | | | $ | 1,037 | | | $ | 2,649 | | | $ | 2,937 | |
1Includes all whiskey spirits and whiskey-based flavored liqueurs, ready-to-drink, and ready-to-pour products. The brands included in this category are the Jack Daniel's family of brands, the Woodford Reserve family of brands, the Old Forester family of brands, GlenDronach, Benriach, Glenglassaugh, Slane Irish Whiskey, and Coopers’ Craft.
2Includes the Herradura family of brands, el Jimador, New Mix, Pepe Lopez, and Antiguo.
3Includes Korbel Champagne and Sonoma-Cutrer wines.
4Includes Finlandia.
5Includes net sales of used barrels, bulk whiskey and wine, and contract bottling.
9. Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits
The following table shows the components of the net cost of pension and other postretirement benefits recognized for our U.S. benefit plans. Information about similar international plans is not presented due to immateriality.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended | | Nine Months Ended |
| January 31, | | January 31, |
| (Dollars in millions) | 2021 | | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2022 |
Pension Benefits: | | | | | | | |
| Service cost | $ | 7 | | | $ | 7 | | | $ | 20 | | | $ | 20 | |
| Interest cost | 6 | | | 5 | | | 19 | | | 16 | |
| Expected return on plan assets | (12) | | | (11) | | | (35) | | | (34) | |
| Amortization of: | | | | | | | |
| Prior service cost (credit) | — | | | — | | | 1 | | | 1 | |
| Net actuarial loss | 7 | | | 6 | | | 20 | | | 18 | |
| Settlement charge | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1 | |
| Net cost | $ | 8 | | | $ | 7 | | | $ | 25 | | | $ | 22 | |
| | | | | | | |
Other Postretirement Benefits: | | | | | | | |
| Service cost | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 1 | |
| Interest cost | 1 | | | — | | | 1 | | | 1 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Amortization of prior service cost (credit) | (1) | | | — | | | (2) | | | (1) | |
| | | | | | | |
| Net cost | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1 | |
10. Income Taxes
Our consolidated interim effective tax rate is based on our expected annual operating income, statutory tax rates, and income tax laws in the various jurisdictions where we operate. Significant or unusual items, including adjustments to accruals for tax uncertainties, are recognized in the fiscal quarter in which the related event or a change in judgment occurs. The expected effective tax rate on ordinary income for the fiscal year is 22.7%, which is greater than the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0%, due to (a) state income taxes, (b) the effects of foreign operations, (c) the tax effects of prior intercompany sales of inventory that are recognized at tax rates higher than current statutory tax rates and (d) the impact of intercompany profit elimination on the foreign derived intangible income deduction.
The effective tax rate of 23.4% for the nine months ended January 31, 2022, is higher than the expected tax rate of 22.7% on ordinary income for the full fiscal year, primarily due to the true-up of prior-year deferred tax liabilities and the impact of tax rate changes enacted in certain foreign jurisdictions, partially offset by the excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation. The 23.4% effective tax rate for the nine months ended January 31, 2022, is higher than the effective tax rate of 16.2% for the same period last year, primarily due to (a) the absence of a deferred tax benefit recognized in the prior-year period related to an intercompany transfer of assets, (b) the impact of prior intercompany sales taxed at rates higher than current statutory tax rates, (c) the impact of the intercompany profit eliminations on the foreign derived intangible income deduction, and (d) increased true-ups of prior-year tax liabilities.
We continue to assert that the undistributed earnings of most of our foreign subsidiaries are reinvested indefinitely outside the United States. Therefore, no income taxes have been provided for any outside basis differences inherent in these subsidiaries other than those that were subject to the one-time repatriation tax. We previously changed our indefinite reinvestment assertion with respect to current year earnings and prior-year undistributed earnings for select foreign subsidiaries (but not for their outside basis differences). We have accrued applicable taxes for select entities which are not currently reinvested. No further changes have been made to our indefinite reinvestment assertion.
11. Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities
We are subject to market risks, including the effect of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, and interest rates. We use derivatives to help manage financial exposures that occur in the normal course of business. We formally document the purpose of each derivative contract, which includes linking the contract to the financial exposure it is designed to mitigate. We do not hold or issue derivatives for trading or speculative purposes.
We use currency derivative contracts to limit our exposure to the foreign currency exchange rate risk that we cannot mitigate internally by using netting strategies. We designate most of these contracts as cash flow hedges of forecasted transactions (expected to occur within three years). We record all changes in the fair value of cash flow hedges in AOCI until the underlying hedged transaction occurs, at which time we reclassify that amount to earnings.
Some of our currency derivatives are not designated as hedges because we use them to partially offset the immediate earnings impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on existing assets or liabilities. We immediately recognize the change in fair value of these contracts in earnings.
We had outstanding currency derivatives, related primarily to our euro, British pound, and Australian dollar exposures, with notional amounts for all hedged currencies totaling $1,218 million at April 30, 2021, and $860 million at January 31, 2022. The maximum term of outstanding derivative contracts was approximately 36 months at both April 30, 2021, and January 31, 2022.
We also use foreign currency-denominated debt instruments to help manage our foreign currency exchange rate risk. We designate a portion of those debt instruments as net investment hedges, which are intended to mitigate foreign currency exposure related to non-U.S. dollar net investments in certain foreign subsidiaries. Any change in value of the designated portion of the hedging instruments is recorded in AOCI, offsetting the foreign currency translation adjustment of the related net investments that is also recorded in AOCI. The amount of foreign currency-denominated debt instruments designated as net investment hedges was $680 million at April 30, 2021, and $676 million at January 31, 2022.
At inception, we expect each financial instrument designated as a hedge to be highly effective in offsetting the financial exposure it is designed to mitigate. We also assess the effectiveness on an ongoing basis. If determined to be no longer highly effective, designation and accounting for the instrument as a hedge would be discontinued.
We use forward purchase contracts with suppliers to protect against corn price volatility. We expect to take physical delivery of the corn underlying each contract and use it for production over a reasonable period of time. Accordingly, we account for these contracts as normal purchases rather than as derivative instruments.
The following tables present the pre-tax impact that changes in the fair value of our derivative instruments and non-derivative hedging instruments had on AOCI and earnings:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended |
| | January 31, |
| (Dollars in millions) | Classification | 2021 | | 2022 |
| | | | |
| Currency derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: | | | | |
| Net gain (loss) recognized in AOCI | n/a | $ | (39) | | | $ | 23 | |
| Net gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI into earnings | Sales | 4 | | | 2 | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
|
| | | | |
| | | | |
| Currency derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: | | | | |
| Net gain (loss) recognized in earnings | Sales | $ | (6) | | | $ | 5 | |
| Net gain (loss) recognized in earnings | Other income (expense), net | 4 | | | (1) | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| Foreign currency-denominated debt designated as net investment hedge: | | | | |
| Net gain (loss) recognized in AOCI | n/a | $ | (33) | | | $ | 17 | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| Total amounts presented in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for line items affected by the net gains (losses) shown above: | | | |
| Sales | | $ | 1,222 | | | $ | 1,365 | |
| Other income (expense), net | | 9 | | | 4 | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Nine Months Ended |
| | January 31, |
| (Dollars in millions) | Classification | 2021 | | 2022 |
| | | | |
| Currency derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: | | | | |
| Net gain (loss) recognized in AOCI | n/a | $ | (73) | | | $ | 53 | |
| Net gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI into earnings | Sales | 21 | | | 1 | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
|
| | | | |
| | | | |
| Currency derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: | | | | |
| Net gain (loss) recognized in earnings | Sales | $ | (11) | | | $ | 8 | |
| Net gain (loss) recognized in earnings | Other income (expense), net | 15 | | | (1) | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| Foreign currency-denominated debt designated as net investment hedge: | | | | |
| Net gain (loss) recognized in AOCI | n/a | $ | (66) | | | $ | 38 | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| Total amounts presented in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for line items affected by the net gains (losses) shown above: | | | |
| Sales | | $ | 3,481 | | | $ | 3,831 | |
| Other income (expense), net | | 13 | | | (1) | |
| | | | |
We expect to reclassify $15 million of deferred net gains on cash flow hedges recorded in AOCI as of January 31, 2022, to earnings during the next 12 months. This reclassification would offset the anticipated earnings impact of the underlying hedged exposures. The actual amounts that we ultimately reclassify to earnings will depend on the exchange rates in effect when the underlying hedged transactions occur.
The following table presents the fair values of our derivative instruments: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | April 30, 2021 | | January 31, 2022 |
| (Dollars in millions) |
Classification | | Derivative Assets | | Derivative Liabilities | | Derivative Assets | | Derivative Liabilities |
| Designated as cash flow hedges: | | | | | | | | | |
| Currency derivatives | Other current assets | | $ | 4 | | | $ | (2) | | | $ | 21 | | | $ | (3) | |
| Currency derivatives | Other assets | | — | | | — | | | 13 | | | (1) | |
| Currency derivatives | Accrued expenses | | 4 | | | (18) | | | — | | | (1) | |
| Currency derivatives | Other liabilities | | 1 | | | (18) | | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Not designated as hedges: | | | | | | | | | |
| Currency derivatives | Other current assets | | 1 | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Currency derivatives | Other assets | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Currency derivatives | Accrued expenses | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (1) | |
| Currency derivatives | Other liabilities | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
The fair values reflected in the above table are presented on a gross basis. However, as discussed further below, the fair values of those instruments subject to net settlement agreements are presented on a net basis in our balance sheets.
In our statements of cash flows, we classify cash flows related to cash flow hedges in the same category as the cash flows from the hedged items.
Credit risk. We are exposed to credit-related losses if the counterparties to our derivative contracts default. This credit risk is limited to the fair value of the contracts. To manage this risk, we contract only with major financial institutions that have investment-grade credit ratings and with whom we have standard International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) agreements that allow for net settlement of the derivative contracts. Also, we have established counterparty credit guidelines that we monitor regularly, and we monetize contracts when we believe it is warranted. Because of these safeguards, we believe we have no derivative positions that warrant credit valuation adjustments.
Our derivative instruments require us to maintain a specific level of creditworthiness, which we have maintained. If our creditworthiness were to fall below that level, then the counterparties to our derivative instruments could request immediate
payment or collateralization for derivative instruments in net liability positions. The aggregate fair value of all derivatives with creditworthiness requirements that were in a net liability position was $30 million at April 30, 2021, and $2 million at January 31, 2022.
Offsetting. As noted above, our derivative contracts are governed by ISDA agreements that allow for net settlement of derivative contracts with the same counterparty. It is our policy to present the fair values of current derivatives (i.e., those with a remaining term of 12 months or less) with the same counterparty on a net basis in our balance sheets. Similarly, we present the fair values of noncurrent derivatives with the same counterparty on a net basis. We do not net current derivatives with noncurrent derivatives in our balance sheets.
The following table summarizes the gross and net amounts of our derivative contracts:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (Dollars in millions) | Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities) | | Gross Amounts Offset in Balance Sheet | | Net Amounts Presented in Balance Sheet | | Gross Amounts Not Offset in Balance Sheet | | Net Amounts |
| April 30, 2021 | | | | | | | | | |
| Derivative assets | $ | 10 | | | $ | (7) | | | $ | 3 | | | $ | (1) | | | $ | 2 | |
| Derivative liabilities | (38) | | | 7 | | | (31) | | | 1 | | | (30) | |
| January 31, 2022 | | | | | | | | | |
| Derivative assets | 34 | | | (4) | | | 30 | | | — | | | 30 | |
| Derivative liabilities | (6) | | | 4 | | | (2) | | | — | | | (2) | |
No cash collateral was received or pledged related to our derivative contracts as of April 30, 2021, or January 31, 2022.
12. Fair Value Measurements
The following table summarizes the assets and liabilities measured or disclosed at fair value on a recurring basis:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| April 30, 2021 | | January 31, 2022 |
| | Carrying | | Fair | | Carrying | | Fair |
| (Dollars in millions) | Amount | | Value | | Amount | | Value |
| Assets | | | | | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,150 | | | $ | 1,150 | | | $ | 812 | | | $ | 812 | |
| Currency derivatives | 3 | | | 3 | | | 30 | | | 30 | |
| | | | | | | |
| Liabilities | | | | | | | |
| Currency derivatives | 31 | | | 31 | | | 2 | | | 2 | |
| Short-term borrowings | 205 | | | 205 | | | 16 | | | 16 | |
| Long-term debt (including current portion) | 2,354 | | | 2,663 | | | 2,311 | | | 2,537 | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We categorize the fair values of assets and liabilities into three levels based on the assumptions (inputs) used to determine those values. Level 1 provides the most reliable measure of fair value, while Level 3 generally requires significant management judgment. The three levels are:
•Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
•Level 2 – Observable inputs other than those included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in inactive markets; or other inputs that are observable or can be derived from or corroborated by observable market data.
•Level 3 – Unobservable inputs supported by little or no market activity.
We determine the fair values of our currency derivatives (forward contracts) using standard valuation models. The significant inputs used in these models, which are readily available in public markets or can be derived from observable market transactions, include the applicable spot exchange rates, forward exchange rates, and interest rates. These fair value measurements are categorized as Level 2 within the valuation hierarchy.
We determine the fair value of long-term debt primarily based on the prices at which identical or similar debt has recently traded in the market and also considering the overall market conditions on the date of valuation. These fair value measurements are categorized as Level 2 within the valuation hierarchy.
The fair values of cash, cash equivalents, and short-term borrowings approximate the carrying amounts due to the short maturities of these instruments.
We measure some assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. That is, we do not measure them at fair value on an ongoing basis, but we do adjust them to fair value in some circumstances (for example, when we determine that an asset is impaired). During the nine months ended January 31, 2022, we recognized non-cash impairment charges of $9 million for certain fixed assets. The impairment charges, which were based on our measurements of the estimated fair values of those assets, are categorized as Level 2 within the valuation hierarchy. The remaining carrying amount of those assets is not significant. No other material nonrecurring fair value measurements were required during the periods presented in these financial statements.
13. Other Comprehensive Income
The following tables show the components of net other comprehensive income (loss):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended | | Three Months Ended |
| January 31, 2021 | | January 31, 2022 |
| (Dollars in millions) | Pre-Tax | | Tax | | Net | | Pre-Tax | | Tax | | Net |
| Currency translation adjustments: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net gain (loss) on currency translation | $ | 39 | | | $ | 8 | | | $ | 47 | | | $ | (23) | | | $ | (4) | | | $ | (27) | |
| Reclassification to earnings | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net | 39 | | | 8 | | | 47 | | | (23) | | | (4) | | | (27) | |
| Cash flow hedge adjustments: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net gain (loss) on hedging instruments | (39) | | | 9 | | | (30) | | | 23 | | | (5) | | | 18 | |
Reclassification to earnings1 | (4) | | | 1 | | | (3) | | | (2) | | | — | | | (2) | |
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net | (43) | | | 10 | | | (33) | | | 21 | | | (5) | | | 16 | |
| Postretirement benefits adjustments: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net actuarial gain (loss) and prior service cost | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Reclassification to earnings2 | 6 | | | (1) | | | 5 | | | 6 | | | (1) | | | 5 | |
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net | 6 | | | (1) | | | 5 | | | 6 | | | (1) | | | 5 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total other comprehensive income (loss), net | $ | 2 | | | $ | 17 | | | $ | 19 | | | $ | 4 | | | $ | (10) | | | $ | (6) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Nine Months Ended | | Nine Months Ended |
| January 31, 2021 | | January 31, 2022 |
| (Dollars in millions) | Pre-Tax | | Tax | | Net | | Pre-Tax | | Tax | | Net |
| Currency translation adjustments: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net gain (loss) on currency translation | $ | 97 | | | $ | 16 | | | $ | 113 | | | $ | (40) | | | $ | (9) | | | $ | (49) | |
| Reclassification to earnings | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net | 97 | | | 16 | | | 113 | | | (40) | | | (9) | | | (49) | |
| Cash flow hedge adjustments: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net gain (loss) on hedging instruments | (73) | | | 17 | | | (56) | | | 53 | | | (12) | | | 41 | |
Reclassification to earnings1 | (21) | | | 5 | | | (16) | | | (1) | | | — | | | (1) | |
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net | (94) | | | 22 | | | (72) | | | 52 | | | (12) | | | 40 | |
| Postretirement benefits adjustments: | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Net actuarial gain (loss) and prior service cost | — | | | — | | | — | | | (1) | | | — | | | (1) | |
Reclassification to earnings2 | 23 | | | (6) | | | 17 | | | 19 | | | (5) | | | 14 | |
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net | 23 | | | (6) | | | 17 | | | 18 | | | (5) | | | 13 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total other comprehensive income (loss), net | $ | 26 | | | $ | 32 | | | $ | 58 | | | $ | 30 | | | $ | (26) | | | $ | 4 | |
1Pre-tax amount for each period is classified as sales in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.
2For the nine months ended January 31, 2021, $4 of the pre-tax amount of $23 is classified in gain on sale of business in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. Otherwise, the pre-tax amount for each period is classified as non-operating postretirement expense.
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with both our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2021 (2021 Form 10-K). Note that the results of operations for the nine months ended January 31, 2022, are not necessarily indicative of future or annual results. In this Item, “we,” “us,” “our,” “Brown-Forman,” and the “Company” refer to Brown-Forman Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries, collectively.
Presentation Basis
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We use some financial measures in this report that are not measures of financial performance under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). These non-GAAP measures, defined below, should be viewed as supplements to (not substitutes for) our results of operations and other measures reported under GAAP. Other companies may not define or calculate these non-GAAP measures in the same way.
“Organic change” in measures of statements of operations. We present changes in certain measures, or line items, of the statements of operations that are adjusted to an “organic” basis. We use “organic change” for the following measures of the statements of operations: (a) organic net sales; (b) organic cost of sales; (c) organic gross profit; (d) organic advertising expenses; (e) organic selling, general, and administrative (SG&A) expenses; (f) organic other expense (income) net; (g) organic operating expenses1; and (h) organic operating income. To calculate these measures, we adjust, as applicable, for (1) acquisitions and divestitures, (2) foreign exchange, and (3) impairment charges. We explain these adjustments below.
•“Acquisitions and divestitures.” This adjustment removes (a) the gain or loss recognized on sale of divested brands, (b) any non-recurring effects related to our acquisitions and divestitures (e.g., transaction, transition, and integration costs), and (c) the effects of operating activity related to acquired and divested brands for periods not comparable year over year (non-comparable periods). Excluding non-comparable periods allows us to include the effects of acquired and divested brands only to the extent that results are comparable year over year.
During fiscal 2021, we sold our Early Times, Canadian Mist, and Collingwood brands and related assets, which resulted in a pre-tax gain of $127 million, and entered into a related transition services agreement (TSA) for these brands. Also, during fiscal 2021, we acquired Part Time Rangers Limited, which owns Part Time Rangers RTDs.
This adjustment removes (a) transaction and integration costs related to the acquisitions and divestitures, (b) the gain on the sale of Early Times, Canadian Mist, and Collingwood brands and related assets, (c) operating activity for the non-comparable period for Early Times, Canadian Mist, and Collingwood, which is activity in the first quarter of fiscal 2021, (d) the net sales and operating expenses recognized pursuant to the TSA related to (i) contract bottling services and (ii) distribution services in certain markets, and (e) operating activity for Part Time Rangers Holdings Limited for the non-comparable period, which is primarily activity in the first two quarters of fiscal 2022. We believe that these adjustments allow for us to better understand our organic results on a comparable basis.
•“Foreign exchange.” We calculate the percentage change in certain line items of the statements of operations in accordance with GAAP and adjust to exclude the cost or benefit of currency fluctuations. Adjusting for foreign exchange allows us to understand our business on a constant-dollar basis, as fluctuations in exchange rates can distort the organic trend both positively and negatively. (In this report, “dollar” always means the U.S. dollar unless stated otherwise.) To eliminate the effect of foreign exchange fluctuations when comparing across periods, we translate current-year results at prior-year rates and remove transactional and hedging foreign exchange gains and losses from current- and prior-year periods.
•“Impairment charges.” This adjustment removes the impact of impairment charges from our results of operations. During the first three quarters of fiscal 2022, we recognized non-cash impairment charges of $9 million for certain fixed assets. We believe that this adjustment allows for us to better understand our organic results on a comparable basis. See Note 12 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
We use the non-GAAP measure “organic change”, along with other metrics, to: (a) understand our performance from period to period on a consistent basis; (b) compare our performance to that of our competitors; (c) calculate components of management incentive compensation; (d) plan and forecast; and (e) communicate our financial performance to the board of directors, stockholders, and investment community. We provide reconciliations of the “organic change” in certain line items of
1 Operating expenses include advertising expense, SG&A expense, and other expense (income), net.
the statements of operations to their nearest GAAP measures in the tables under “Results of Operations - Fiscal 2022 Year-to-Date Highlights” and “Results of Operations - Year-Over-Year Period Comparisons.” We have consistently applied the adjustments within our reconciliations in arriving at each non-GAAP measure. We believe these non-GAAP measures are useful to readers and investors because they enhance the understanding of our historical financial performance and comparability between periods.
As of the third quarter ended January 31, 2022, we changed certain non-GAAP financial measures that we have historically used. We will no longer report “underlying changes” in certain measures of the statements of operations; instead, we will now report “organic change” in certain measures of the statements of operations. “Organic change” includes all of the non-GAAP adjustments that we have historically made in adjusting GAAP to “underlying change” results, except that “organic change” does not include an adjustment for “estimated net change in distributor inventories,” which reflected the estimated net effect of changes in distributor inventories on changes in certain line items of the statements of operations. This change to our non-GAAP financial measures is in response to comments from and discussions with the Staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Although we will no longer provide non-GAAP financial measures that adjust for “estimated net change in distributor inventories,” we still believe that our results are affected by changes in distributor inventories, particularly in our largest market, the United States, where the spirits industry is subject to regulations that essentially mandate a so-called “three-tier system,” with a value chain that includes suppliers, distributors and retailers. Accordingly, we will continue to provide information concerning fluctuations in distributor inventories. We believe such information is useful in understanding our performance and trends as it provides relevant information regarding customers’ demand for our products.
Definitions
Aggregations.
From time to time, to explain our results of operations or to highlight trends and uncertainties affecting our business, we aggregate markets according to stage of economic development as defined by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and we aggregate brands by beverage alcohol category. Below, we define the geographic and brand aggregations used in this report.
Geographic Aggregations.
In “Results of Operations - Fiscal 2022 Year-to-Date Highlights,” we provide supplemental information for our largest markets ranked by percentage of total fiscal 2021 net sales. In addition to markets that are listed by country name, we include the following aggregations:
•“Developed International” markets are “advanced economies” as defined by the IMF, excluding the United States. Our largest developed international markets are Australia, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, and Canada. This aggregation represents our net sales of branded products to these markets.
•“Emerging” markets are “emerging and developing economies” as defined by the IMF. Our largest emerging markets are Mexico, Poland, Brazil, and Russia. This aggregation represents our net sales of branded products to these markets.
•“Travel Retail” represents our net sales of branded products to global duty-free customers, other travel retail customers, and the U.S. military, regardless of customer location.
•“Non-branded and bulk” includes our net sales of used barrels, bulk whiskey and wine, and contract bottling, regardless of customer location.
Brand Aggregations.
In “Results of Operations - Fiscal 2022 Year-to-Date Highlights,” we provide supplemental information for our largest brands ranked by percentage of total fiscal 2021 net sales. In addition to brands that are listed by name, we include the following aggregations:
•“Whiskey” includes all whiskey spirits and whiskey-based flavored liqueurs, ready-to-drink (RTD), and ready-to-pour products (RTP). The brands included in this category are the Jack Daniel’s family of brands, the Woodford Reserve family of brands (Woodford Reserve), the Old Forester family of brands (Old Forester), GlenDronach, Benriach, Glenglassaugh, Slane Irish Whiskey, and Coopers’ Craft.
•“American whiskey” includes the Jack Daniel’s family of brands, premium bourbons (defined below), and super-premium American whiskey (defined below).
•“Jack Daniel’s family of brands” includes Jack Daniel’s Tennessee Whiskey (JDTW), Jack Daniel’s RTD and RTP products (JD RTD/RTP), Jack Daniel’s Tennessee Honey (JDTH), Gentleman Jack, Jack Daniel’s Tennessee Fire (JDTF), Jack Daniel’s Tennessee Apple (JDTA), Jack Daniel’s Single Barrel Collection (JDSB), Jack Daniel’s Tennessee Rye Whiskey (JDTR), Jack Daniel’s No. 27 Gold Tennessee Whiskey, Jack Daniel’s Sinatra Select, and Jack Daniel’s Bottled-in-Bond.
•“Jack Daniel’s RTD and RTP” products include all RTD line extensions of Jack Daniel’s, such as Jack Daniel’s & Cola, Jack Daniel’s Country Cocktails, Jack Daniel’s & Diet Cola, Jack & Ginger, Jack Daniel’s Double Jack, Gentleman Jack & Cola, Jack Daniel’s American Serve, Jack Daniel’s Tennessee Honey RTD, Jack Daniel’s Berry, Jack Daniel’s Lynchburg Lemonade, Jack Daniel’s Whiskey & Seltzer, and the seasonal Jack Daniel’s Winter Jack RTP.
•“Premium bourbons” includes Woodford Reserve, Old Forester, and Coopers’ Craft.
•“Super-premium American whiskey” includes Woodford Reserve, Gentleman Jack, JDSB, JDTR, Jack Daniel’s No. 27 Gold Tennessee Whiskey, and Jack Daniel’s Sinatra Select.
•“Tequila” includes the Herradura family of brands (Herradura), el Jimador, New Mix, Pepe Lopez, and Antiguo.
•“Wine” includes Korbel Champagnes and Sonoma-Cutrer wines.
•“Vodka” includes Finlandia.
•“Non-branded and bulk” includes our net sales of used barrels, bulk whiskey and wine, and contract bottling regardless of customer location.
Other Metrics.
•“Shipments.” We generally record revenues when we ship or deliver our products to our customers. In this document, unless otherwise specified, we refer to shipments when discussing volume.
•“Depletions.” This is a term commonly used in the beverage alcohol industry to describe volume. Depending on the context, depletions usually means either (a) our shipments directly to retail or wholesale customers for owned distribution markets or (b) shipments from our distributor customers to retailers and wholesalers in other markets. We believe that depletions measure volume in a way that more closely reflects consumer demand than our shipments to distributor customers do.
•“Consumer takeaway.” When discussing trends in the market, we refer to consumer takeaway, a term commonly used in the beverage alcohol industry that refers to the purchase of product by consumers from retail outlets, including products purchased through e-premise channels, as measured by volume or retail sales value. This information is provided by third parties, such as Nielsen and the National Alcohol Beverage Control Association (NABCA). Our estimates of market share or changes in market share are derived from consumer takeaway data using the retail sales value metric. We believe consumer takeaway is a leading indicator of how consumer demand is trending.
•“Estimated net change in distributor inventories.” We generally recognize revenue when our products are shipped or delivered to customers. In the United States and certain other markets, our customers are distributors that sell downstream to retailers and consumers. We believe that our distributors’ downstream sales more closely reflect actual consumer demand than do our shipments to distributors. Our shipments increase distributors’ inventories, while distributors’ depletions (as described above) reduce their inventories. Therefore, it is possible that our shipments do not coincide with distributors’ downstream depletions and merely reflect changes in distributors’ inventories. Because changes in distributors’ inventories could affect our trends, we believe it is useful for investors to understand those changes in the context of our operating results.
We perform the following calculation to determine the “estimated net change in distributor inventories”:
•For both the current-year period and the comparable prior-year period, we calculate a “depletion-based” amount by (a) dividing the organic dollar amount (e.g. organic net sales) by the corresponding shipment volumes to arrive at a shipment per case amount, and (b) multiplying the resulting shipment per case amount by the corresponding depletion volumes. We subtract the year-over-year percentage change of the “depletion-based” amount from the year-over-year percentage change of the organic amount to calculate the “estimated net change in distributor inventories.”
•A positive difference is interpreted as a net increase in distributors’ inventories, which implies that organic trends could decrease as distributors’ reduce inventories; whereas, a negative difference is interpreted as a net decrease in distributors’ inventories, which implies that organic trends could increase as distributors rebuild inventories.
Important Information on Forward-Looking Statements:
This report contains statements, estimates, and projections that are “forward-looking statements” as defined under U.S. federal securities laws. Words such as “aim,” “anticipate,” “aspire,” “believe,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “envision,” “estimate,” “expect,” “expectation,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “potential,” “project,” “pursue,” “see,” “seek,” “should,” “will,” “would,” and similar words indicate forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date we make them. Except as required by law, we do not intend to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties, and other factors (many beyond our control) that could cause our actual results to differ materially from our historical experience or from our current expectations or projections. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to:
•Our substantial dependence upon the continued growth of the Jack Daniel’s family of brands
•Substantial competition from new entrants, consolidations by competitors and retailers, and other competitive activities, such as pricing actions (including price reductions, promotions, discounting, couponing, or free goods), marketing, category expansion, product introductions, or entry or expansion in our geographic markets or distribution networks
•Route-to-consumer changes that affect the timing of our sales, temporarily disrupt the marketing or sale of our products, or result in higher fixed costs
•Disruption of our distribution network or inventory fluctuations in our products by distributors, wholesalers, or retailers
•Changes in consumer preferences, consumption, or purchase patterns – particularly away from larger producers in favor of small distilleries or local producers, or away from brown spirits, our premium products, or spirits generally, and our ability to anticipate or react to them; further legalization of marijuana; shifts in consumer purchase practices; bar, restaurant, travel, or other on-premise declines; shifts in demographic or health and wellness trends; or unfavorable consumer reaction to new products, line extensions, package changes, product reformulations, or other product innovation
•Production facility, aging warehouse, or supply chain disruptions
•Imprecision in supply/demand forecasting
•Higher costs, lower quality, or unavailability of energy, water, raw materials, product ingredients, or labor
•Impact of health epidemics and pandemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic, and the risk of the resulting negative economic impact and related governmental actions
•Unfavorable global or regional economic conditions, particularly related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and related economic slowdowns or recessions, low consumer confidence, high unemployment, weak credit or capital markets, budget deficits, burdensome government debt, austerity measures, higher interest rates, higher taxes, political instability, higher inflation, deflation, lower returns on pension assets, or lower discount rates for pension obligations
•Product recalls or other product liability claims, product tampering, contamination, or quality issues
•Negative publicity related to our company, products, brands, marketing, executive leadership, employees, board of directors, family stockholders, operations, business performance, or prospects
•Failure to attract or retain key executive or employee talent
•Risks associated with acquisitions, dispositions, business partnerships, or investments – such as acquisition integration, termination difficulties or costs, or impairment in recorded value
•Risks associated with being a U.S.-based company with a global business, including commercial, political, and financial risks; local labor policies and conditions; protectionist trade policies, or economic or trade sanctions, including additional retaliatory tariffs on American whiskeys and the effectiveness of our actions to mitigate the negative impact on our margins, sales, and distributors; compliance with local trade practices and other regulations; terrorism; and health pandemics
•Failure to comply with anti-corruption laws, trade sanctions and restrictions, or similar laws or regulations
•Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly a stronger U.S. dollar
•Changes in laws, regulatory measures, or governmental policies – especially those that affect the production, importation, marketing, labeling, pricing, distribution, sale, or consumption of our beverage alcohol products
•Tax rate changes (including excise, corporate, sales or value-added taxes, property taxes, payroll taxes, import and export duties, and tariffs) or changes in related reserves, changes in tax rules or accounting standards, and the unpredictability and suddenness with which they can occur
•Decline in the social acceptability of beverage alcohol in significant markets
•Significant additional labeling or warning requirements or limitations on availability of our beverage alcohol products
•Counterfeiting and inadequate protection of our intellectual property rights
•Significant legal disputes and proceedings, or government investigations
•Cyber breach or failure or corruption of our key information technology systems or those of our suppliers, customers, or direct and indirect business partners, or failure to comply with personal data protection laws
•Our status as a family “controlled company” under New York Stock Exchange rules, and our dual-class share structure
For further information on these and other risks, please see the risks and uncertainties described in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Form 10-K and those described from time to time in our future reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
Overview
For the nine months ended January 31, 2022, we experienced strong, broad-based reported net sales growth across all of our geographic clusters and Travel Retail channel due to the gradual re-opening of the on-premise channel, some degree of travel and tourism returning, and growing premiumization trends. While the financial impact of COVID-19 on our business is difficult to measure, we believe the timing and pace of global vaccination rates, governmental actions to lower or eliminate restrictions in certain economies around the world, and the post-pandemic economic recovery positively impacted our results when compared to the same period last year. We further discuss the effect of COVID-19 on our results where relevant below.
For the nine months ended January 31, 2022, our results were negatively impacted by supply chain disruptions, largely related to glass supply. These disruptions impacted our finished goods inventories, along with the inventories of our distributors and retailers, and negatively affected our reported net sales and input costs. We further discuss the effect of supply chain disruptions on our results where relevant below.
As of the third quarter ended January 31, 2022, we changed certain non-GAAP financial measures that we have historically used. We will no longer report “underlying changes” in certain measures of the statements of operations; instead, we will now report “organic change” in certain measures of the statements of operations. As more fully described in “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” above, “organic change” includes all of the non-GAAP adjustments that we have historically made in adjusting GAAP to “underlying change” results, except that “organic change” does not include an adjustment for “estimated net change in distributor inventories.” This change to our non-GAAP financial measures is in response to comments from and discussions with the Staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Fiscal 2022 Year-to-Date Highlights
•We delivered reported net sales of $2.9 billion, for the nine months ended January 31, 2022, an increase of 11% compared to the same period last year. The increase was driven by favorable price/mix and higher volumes, partially offset by the negative effect of foreign exchange and the effect of acquisitions and divestitures. An estimated net increase in distributor inventories positively impacted reported net sales.
◦From a brand perspective, reported net sales growth was driven by JDTW, our tequilas, premium bourbons, and JDTA.
◦From a geographic perspective, emerging markets, developed international markets, the U.S., and the Travel Retail channel all contributed significantly to reported net sales growth.
Supply chain disruptions continued to have an adverse effect on our results.
•Reported advertising expense increased 12% for the nine months ended January 31, 2022, as we continued to invest behind our brands while cycling last year’s COVID-19 related phasing of spend towards the second half of the year.
•Reported SG&A expense increased 8% for the nine months ended January 31, 2022, driven primarily by (a) higher compensation related expenses, (b) comparison to lower discretionary spend due to COVID-19 during the same period last year, and (c) accruals for non-income-based tax contingencies.
•We delivered reported operating income of $958 million, for the nine months ended January 31, 2022, a decrease of 4% compared to the same period last year. We delivered diluted earnings per share of $1.43, for the nine months ended January 31, 2022, a decrease of 12% from the $1.63 reported for the same period last year, which included an estimated $0.19 per share benefit from the gain on the sale of the Early Times, Canadian Mist, and Collingwood brands and related assets.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Summary of Operating Performance |
| Three Months Ended January 31, | | | Nine Months Ended January 31, | |
| (Dollars in millions) | 2021 | | 2022 | | | Reported Change | | Organic Change1 | | | 2021 | | 2022 | | | Reported Change | | Organic Change1 | |
| Net sales | $ | 911 | | | $ | 1,037 | | | | 14 | % | | 22 | % | | | $ | 2,649 | | | $ | 2,937 | | | | 11 | % | | 14 | % | |
| Cost of sales | 361 | | | 415 | | | | 15 | % | | 23 | % | | | 1,053 | | | 1,172 | | | | 11 | % | | 16 | % | |
| Gross profit | 550 | | | 622 | | | | 13 | % | | 22 | % | | | 1,596 | | | 1,765 | | | | 11 | % | | 14 | % | |
| Advertising | 121 | | | 117 | | | | (4 | %) | | (2 | %) | | | 278 | | | 311 | | | | 12 | % | | 12 | % | |
| SG&A | 157 | | | 162 | | | | 4 | % | | 6 | % | | | 460 | | | 495 | | | | 8 | % | | 8 | % | |
| Gain on sale of business | | | | | | | | | | | (127) | | | — | | | | nm | | n/a | |
| Other expense (income), net | (9) | | | (4) | | | | nm | | nm | | | (13) | | | 1 | | | | nm | | nm | |
| Operating income | 281 | | | 347 | | | | 24 | % | | 43 | % | | | 998 | | | 958 | | | | (4 | %) | | 19 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total operating expenses2 | $ | 269 | | | $ | 275 | | | | 2 | % | | 2 | % | | | $ | 725 | | | $ | 807 | | | | 11 | % | | 8 | % | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As a percentage of net sales3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Gross profit | 60.4 | % | | 60.0 | % | | | (0.4) | pp | | | | | 60.3 | % | | 60.1 | % | | | (0.2) | pp | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Operating income | 30.9 | % | | 33.5 | % | | | 2.6 | pp | | | | | 37.7 | % | | 32.6 | % | | | (5.1) | pp | | | |
| Non-operating postretirement expense | $ | 1 | | | $ | — | | | | (60 | %) | | | | | $ | 4 | | | $ | 2 | | | | (47 | %) | | | |
| Interest expense, net | $ | 21 | | | $ | 19 | | | | (6 | %) | | | | | $ | 60 | | | $ | 58 | | | | (3 | %) | | | |
| Effective tax rate | 15.7 | % | | 21.0 | % | | | 5.3 | pp | | | | | 16.2 | % | | 23.4 | % | | | 7.2 | pp | | | |
| Diluted earnings per share | $ | 0.45 | | | $ | 0.54 | | | | 19 | % | | | | | $ | 1.63 | | | $ | 1.43 | | | | (12 | %) | | | |
| Note: Totals may differ due to rounding | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
1See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” above for details on our use of “organic change,” including how we calculate these measures and why we believe this information is useful to readers.
2Operating expenses include advertising expense, SG&A expense, and other expense (income), net.
3Year-over-year changes in percentages are reported in percentage points (pp).
Fiscal 2022 Outlook
Below we discuss our outlook for fiscal 2022, reflecting the trends, developments, and uncertainties we expect to affect our business. The fiscal 2022 outlook included in Part I, Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of our second quarter 2022 Form 10-Q was presented on an “underlying” basis. The current outlook is presented on an “organic” basis and is not directly comparable to previous “underlying” guidance due to the exclusion of the impact of estimated net changes in distributor inventories in our “underlying” guidance.
The revised fiscal 2022 outlook is as follows:
•Organic net sales outlook of 11% to 13% growth
•Reported gross margin is expected to be flat or slightly down compared to fiscal 2021
•Organic operating expenses are expected to grow 7% to 9%
•Organic operating income outlook of 12% to 16% growth
•Effective tax rate outlook continues to be in the range of approximately 22% to 23%
When we provide guidance for organic change in certain measures of the statements of operations we do not provide
guidance for the corresponding GAAP change because the GAAP measure will include items that are difficult to quantify or
predict with reasonable certainty, such as foreign exchange, which could have a significant impact to our GAAP income
statement measures.
Additional considerations related to our fiscal 2022 outlook:
Estimated net change in distributor inventories. For the nine months ended January 31, 2022, an estimated net increase in distributor inventories positively impacted organic net sales and organic operating income results. In the outlook provided above we assumed this year-to-date positive impact persists for the remainder of fiscal 2022. If this trend does not persist, we would expect actual results to differ. See “Important Information on Forward-Looking Statements” for details about the risks,
uncertainties, and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our historical experience or from our current expectations or projections.
Results of Operations – Fiscal 2022 Year-to-Date Highlights
Market Highlights
The following table provides supplemental information for our largest markets. We discuss results of the markets most affecting our performance below the table. Unless otherwise indicated, all related commentary is for the nine months ended January 31, 2022, compared to the same period last year.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| |
Top Markets1 |
| Nine months ended January 31, 2022 | Net Sales % Change vs. 2021 |
Geographic area2 | Reported | Acquisitions and Divestitures | | Foreign Exchange | | Organic3 |
| United States | 5 | % | 3 | % | | — | % | | 8 | % |
| Developed International | 12 | % | — | % | | 3 | % | | 15 | % |
| Australia | 4 | % | — | % | | 1 | % | | 5 | % |
| Germany | 16 | % | — | % | | 2 | % | | 18 | % |
| United Kingdom | 5 | % | — | % | | 7 | % | | 12 | % |
| France | 5 | % | — | % | | 2 | % | | 7 | % |
| Canada | (10 | %) | 1 | % | | (4 | %) | | (13 | %) |
| Rest of Developed International | 33 | % | 3 | % | | 2 | % | | 39 | % |
| Emerging | 22 | % | — | % | | 5 | % | | 27 | % |
| Mexico | 13 | % | — | % | | (5 | %) | | 9 | % |
| Poland | 7 | % | — | % | | 3 | % | | 10 | % |
| Brazil | 14 | % | — | % | | 2 | % | | 16 | % |
| Russia | 26 | % | 1 | % | | 6 | % | | 32 | % |
| Rest of Emerging | 37 | % | — | % | | 15 | % | | 52 | % |
| Travel Retail | 57 | % | 2 | % | | (1 | %) | | 58 | % |
| Non-branded and bulk | 11 | % | 7 | % | | 1 | % | | 18 | % |
| Total | 11 | % | 2 | % | | 2 | % | | 14 | % |
| Note: Results may differ due to rounding | | | | | | |
1“Top Markets” are ranked based on percentage of total fiscal 2021 reported net sales. See 2021 Form 10-K “Results of Operations - Fiscal 2021 Market Highlights” and Note 8 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
2See “Definitions” above for definitions of market aggregations presented here.
3See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” above for details on our use of “organic change” in net sales, including how we calculate this measure and why we believe this information is useful to readers.
Reported net sales for some of the markets discussed below was positively impacted by comparisons against COVID-19 related declines during the same period last year. See “Overview” above for more information.
United States
•Reported net sales increased 5% compared to the same period last year.
Reported net sales gains were led by (a) JDTW, fueled by higher volumes and a favorable channel mix shift to the on- premise channel; (b) Herradura; (c) Woodford Reserve; and (d) Sonoma-Cutrer. An estimated net increase in distributor inventories positively impacted reported net sales. This growth was partially offset by the effect of acquisitions and divestitures along with lower volumes of JDTH and Gentleman Jack. Supply chain disruptions had an adverse effect on results.
Developed International
•Australia’s reported net sales increased 4% driven primarily by JD RTDs.
•Germany’s reported net sales increased 16% fueled by volumetric gains of JDTW and JD RTDs.
•United Kingdom’s reported net sales increased 5% as growth across much of our portfolio, led by JDTW, was only partially offset by the negative effect of foreign exchange. Supply chain disruptions had an adverse effect on results.
•France’s reported net sales increased 5% driven by higher volumes of JDTW and JDTH, partially offset by the negative effect of foreign exchange. Supply chain disruptions had an adverse effect on results.
•Reported net sales in the Rest of Developed International increased 33% driven by (a) JDTW growth led by Spain, Korea, and Japan; and (b) JDTH growth led by Korea. An estimated net increase in distributor inventories positively impacted reported net sales.
Emerging
•Mexico’s reported net sales increased 13% driven primarily by the growth of Herradura along with the positive effect of foreign exchange. Supply chain disruptions had an adverse effect on results.
•Poland’s reported net sales increased 7% as growth across much of our portfolio, led by Finlandia and JDTW, was only partially offset by the negative effect of foreign exchange. Supply chain disruptions had an adverse effect on results.
•Brazil’s reported net sales increased 14% fueled by the launch of JDTA and higher volumes of JDTH, partially offset by lower volumes of JDTW. Supply chain disruptions had an adverse effect on results.
•Russia’s reported net sales increased 26% driven by the growth of JDTW, Finlandia, and the launch of JDTA.
•Reported net sales in the Rest of Emerging increased 37% driven primarily by JDTW gains, led by Turkey, Chile, and Romania. This growth was partially offset by the negative effect of foreign exchange. An estimated net increase in distributor inventories positively impacted reported net sales.
Travel Retail’s reported net sales increased 57% driven primarily by higher volumes across much of our portfolio as we cycled against significant declines during the same period last year, partially offset by unfavorable price/mix.
Non-branded and bulk reported net sales increased 11% driven by higher volumes for used barrels.
Brand Highlights
The following table provides supplemental information for our largest brands. We discuss results of the brands most affecting our performance below the table. Unless otherwise indicated, all related commentary is for the nine months ended January 31, 2022, compared to the same period last year. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| Major Brands | | | |
| Nine months ended January 31, 2022 | | | Net Sales % Change vs 2021 |
Product category / brand family / brand1 | | | Reported | Acquisitions and Divestitures | Foreign Exchange | | Organic2 |
| Whiskey | | | 10 | % | 2 | % | 2 | % | | 14 | % |
| Jack Daniel’s family of brands | | | 12 | % | — | % | 2 | % | | 14 | % |
| JDTW | | | 17 | % | — | % | 3 | % | | 20 | % |
| JD RTD/RTP | | | 6 | % | — | % | — | % | | 6 | % |
| JDTH | | | (1 | %) | — | % | 2 | % | | 1 | % |
| Gentleman Jack | | | (9 | %) | — | % | 2 | % | | (7 | %) |
| JDTF | | | 9 | % | — | % | 1 | % | | 11 | % |
| JDTA | | | 41 | % | — | % | 4 | % | | 45 | % |
| Other Jack Daniel’s whiskey brands | | | 5 | % | — | % | 1 | % | | 7 | % |
| Woodford Reserve | | | 9 | % | — | % | — | % | | 9 | % |
| Tequila | | | 19 | % | — | % | (2 | %) | | 17 | % |
| Herradura | | | 31 | % | — | % | (2 | %) | | 29 | % |
| el Jimador | | | 21 | % | — | % | (1 | %) | | 20 | % |
| Wine | | | 8 | % | — | % | — | % | | 8 | % |
| Vodka (Finlandia) | | | 21 | % | — | % | 2 | % | | 23 | % |
| Rest of Portfolio | | | 9 | % | (3 | %) | 18 | % | | 23 | % |
| Non-branded and bulk | | | 11 | % | 7 | % | 1 | % | | 18 | % |
| Note: Results may differ due to rounding | | | | | | | |
1See “Definitions” above for definitions of brand aggregations presented here.
2See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” above for details on our use of “organic change” in net sales, including how we calculate this measure and why we believe this information is useful to readers. Reported net sales for some of the brands discussed below was positively impacted by comparisons against COVID-19 related declines during the same period last year. See “Overview” above for more information.
Whiskey
•The Jack Daniel’s family of brands grew reported net sales 12% fueled primarily by the broad-based growth of JDTW.
•Reported net sales for JDTW increased 17% compared to the same period last year. Gains were led by (a) broad-based volume growth in the United States, developed international markets, and emerging markets; and (b) a favorable channel mix shift to the on-premise channel. An estimated net increase in distributor inventories positively impacted reported net sales. This growth was partially offset by the negative effect of foreign exchange. Supply chain disruptions had an adverse effect on results.
•The JD RTD/RTP brand’s reported net sales grew 6% driven primarily by higher volumes in Germany. An estimated net decrease in distributor inventories negatively impacted reported net sales.
•Reported net sales for JDTH decreased 1% driven by declines in the United States and the negative effect of foreign exchange. These declines were partially offset by broad-based gains in our international markets. Supply chain disruptions had an adverse effect on results.
•Reported net sales for Gentleman Jack decreased 9% driven primarily by lower volumes in the United States. Supply chain disruptions had an adverse effect on results.
•JDTF grew reported net sales 9% driven primarily by broad-based growth led by emerging markets. An estimated net increase in distributor inventories positively impacted reported net sales. Supply chain disruptions had an adverse effect on results.
•JDTA grew reported net sales 41% fueled by the continued international launch in our emerging markets, led by Brazil and Chile, along with volumetric gains in the United States.
•Woodford Reserve’s reported net sales increased 9% driven primarily by growth in the United States, Travel Retail, and the United Kingdom. An estimated net decrease in distributor inventories negatively impacted reported net sales as supply chain disruptions had an adverse effect on results.
Tequila
•Herradura’s reported net sales increased 31% driven by higher volumes in the United States and Mexico.
•el Jimador’s reported net sales increased 21% due to broad-based volume growth led by the United States, Colombia, and the United Kingdom.
Wine reported net sales increased 8% driven primarily by higher volumes of Sonoma-Cutrer.
Vodka (Finlandia) reported net sales increased 21% driven by broad-based growth led by emerging markets.
Rest of Portfolio reported net sales increased 9% driven by higher volumes of Chambord, partially offset by the negative effect of foreign exchange.
See discussion for Non-branded and bulk aggregation in “Market Highlights - Top Markets” above.
Year-Over-Year Period Comparisons
Reported net sales for certain markets and brands was positively impacted by comparisons against COVID-19 related declines during the same period last year. See “Overview” above for more information.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Net Sales |
| Percentage change versus the prior year period ended January 31 | 3 Months | | 9 Months |
| Change in reported net sales | 14 | % | | 11 | % |
| Acquisitions and divestitures | 2 | % | | 2 | % |
| Foreign exchange | 6 | % | | 2 | % |
| Change in organic net sales | 22 | % | | 14 | % |
| Note: Results may differ due to rounding | | | |
For the three months ended January 31, 2022, reported net sales were $1.0 billion, an increase of $126 million, or 14%, compared to the same period last year. The increase was driven primarily by higher volumes, partially offset by the negative effect of foreign exchange and the effect of acquisitions and divestitures. An estimated net increase in distributor inventories positively impacted reported net sales. Volume growth was led by JDTW, New Mix, and JD RTDs. Supply chain disruptions had an adverse effect in the quarter.
For the nine months ended January 31, 2022, reported net sales were $2.9 billion, an increase of $288 million, or 11%, compared to the same period last year. The increase was driven by favorable price/mix and higher volumes, partially offset by the negative effect of foreign exchange and the effect of acquisitions and divestitures. An estimated net increase in distributor inventories positively impacted reported net sales. Favorable price/mix was driven by faster growth from our higher-priced brands, led by JDTW, and a favorable channel mix shift due to the continued re-opening of the on-premise channel. Volume growth was led by JDTW and JD RTDs, partially offset by lower volumes of New Mix. Supply chain disruptions had an adverse effect on year-to-date results. See “Results of Operations - Fiscal 2022 Year-to-Date Highlights” above for further details on net sales for the nine months ended January 31, 2022.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Cost of Sales |
| Percentage change versus the prior year period ended January 31 | 3 Months | | 9 Months |
| Change in reported cost of sales | 15 | % | | 11 | % |
| Acquisitions and divestitures | 5 | % | | 3 | % |
| | | |
| Foreign exchange | 3 | % | | 1 | % |
| Change in organic cost of sales | 23 | % | | 16 | % |
| Note: Results may differ due to rounding | | | |
For the three months ended January 31, 2022, reported cost of sales were $415 million, an increase of $54 million, or 15%, compared to the same period last year. The increase was driven by higher volumes and unfavorable cost/mix, partially offset by the effect of acquisitions and divestitures and the positive effect of foreign exchange. An estimated net increase in distributor inventories negatively impacted reported cost of sales. Volume growth was led by JDTW, New Mix, and JD RTDs. Unfavorable cost/mix reflects (a) a shift in portfolio mix toward our higher-cost brands, (b) higher costs related to supply chain disruptions, and (c) higher input costs related to grain and agave.
For the nine months ended January 31, 2022, reported cost of sales were $1.2 billion, an increase of $119 million, or 11%, compared to the same period last year. The increase was driven by unfavorable cost/mix and higher volumes partially offset by the effect of acquisitions and divestitures. Unfavorable cost/mix reflects (a) a shift in portfolio mix toward our higher-cost brands, (b) higher costs related to supply chain disruptions, and (c) higher input costs related to agave and grain. Volume growth was led by JDTW and JD RTDs, partially offset by lower volumes of New Mix.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross Profit | |
| Percentage change versus the prior year period ended January 31 | 3 Months | | 9 Months | |
| Change in reported gross profit | 13 | % | | 11 | % | |
| Acquisitions and divestitures | 1 | % | | 1 | % | |
| | | | |
| Foreign exchange | 8 | % | | 2 | % | |
| Change in organic gross profit | 22 | % | | 14 | % | |
| Note: Results may differ due to rounding | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross Margin | |
| For the period ended January 31 | 3 months | | 9 Months | |
| Prior year gross margin | 60.4 | % | | 60.3 | % | |
| Price/mix | 1.5 | % | | 0.7 | % | |
| Cost/mix | (1.8) | % | | (1.1) | % | |
| Acquisitions and divestitures | 0.8 | % | | 0.5 | % | |
| | | | |
| Foreign exchange | (0.9 | %) | | (0.3 | %) | |
| Change in gross margin | (0.4 | %) | | (0.2 | %) | |
| Current year gross margin | 60.0 | % | | 60.1 | % | |
| Note: Results may differ due to rounding | — | | — | |
For the three months ended January 31, 2022, reported gross profit of $622 million increased $72 million, or 13%, compared to the same period last year. Gross margin decreased 0.4 percentage points to 60.0% from 60.4% in the same period last year. The decrease in gross margin was driven by unfavorable cost/mix and the negative effect of foreign exchange, largely offset by favorable price/mix and the effect of acquisitions and divestitures.
For the nine months ended January 31, 2022, reported gross profit of $1.8 billion increased $169 million, or 11%, compared to the same period last year. Gross margin decreased 0.2 percentage points to 60.1% from 60.3% in the same period last year. The decrease in gross margin was driven by unfavorable cost/mix and the negative effect of foreign exchange, largely offset by favorable price/mix and the effect of acquisitions and divestitures.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating Expenses |
| Percentage change versus the prior year period ended January 31 |
| | | | | | | | | |
| 3 Months | Reported | | | Impairment Charges | Foreign Exchange | | | | Organic |
| Advertising | (4 | %) | | | — | % | 2 | % | | | | (2 | %) |
| SG&A | 4 | % | | | — | % | 2 | % | | | | 6 | % |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total operating expenses1 | 2 | % | | | — | % | — | % | | | | 2 | % |
| | | | | | | | | |
| 9 Months | | | | | | | | | |
| Advertising | 12 | % | | | — | % | — | % | | | | 12 | % |
| SG&A | 8 | % | | | — | % | — | % | | | | 8 | % |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total operating expenses1 | 11 | % | | | (1 | %) | (2 | %) | | | | 8 | % |
| Note: Results may differ due to rounding | | | | | | | | |
1Total operating expenses include advertising expense, SG&A expense, and other expense (income), net. |
For the three months ended January 31, 2022, reported operating expenses totaled $275 million, an increase of $6 million, or 2% compared to the same period last year.
•Reported advertising expense decreased 4% for the three months ended January 31, 2022 driven primarily by cycling last year’s phasing of spend from the first half to the second half of the fiscal year, partially offset by the positive effect of foreign exchange.
•Reported SG&A expense increased 4% for the three months ended January 31, 2022 driven primarily by higher compensation related expenses and discretionary spend, partially offset by the positive effect of foreign exchange.
For the nine months ended January 31, 2022, reported operating expenses totaled $807 million, an increase of $82 million, or 11%, compared to the same period last year.
•Reported advertising expense increased 12% for the nine months ended January 31, 2022 as we continued to invest behind our brands while cycling last year’s COVID-19 related phasing of spend towards the second half of the year.
•Reported SG&A expense increased 8% for the nine months ended January 31, 2022 driven primarily by (a) higher compensation related expenses, (b) comparison to lower discretionary spend due to COVID-19 during the same period last year; and (c) accruals for non-income-based tax contingencies.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating Income |
| Percentage change versus the prior year period ended January 31 | 3 Months | | 9 Months |
| Change in reported operating income | 24 | % | | (4 | %) |
| Acquisitions and divestitures | 2 | % | | 16 | % |
| Impairment charges | — | % | | 1 | % |
| Foreign exchange | 18 | % | | 6 | % |
| Change in organic operating income | 43 | % | | 19 | % |
| Note: Results may differ due to rounding | | |
For the three months ended January 31, 2022, reported operating income totaled $347 million, an increase of $66 million, or 24%, compared to the same period last year. Operating margin increased 2.6 percentage points to 33.5%, from 30.9% in the same period last year driven by operating expense leverage, partially offset by the negative effect of foreign exchange.
For the nine months ended January 31, 2022, reported operating income totaled $958 million, a decrease of $40 million, or 4%, compared to the same period last year. Operating margin decreased 5.1 percentage points to 32.6% from 37.7% in the same period last year. The effect of acquisitions and divestitures (primarily the fiscal 2021 gain on sale of the Early Times, Canadian Mist, and Collingwood brands and related assets) contributed 4.7 percentage points to this decrease.
The effective tax rate for the three months ended January 31, 2022, was 21.0% compared to 15.7% for the same period last year. The increase in our effective tax rate was driven primarily by (a) the impact of prior intercompany sales of inventory taxed at rates higher than current statutory tax rates, (b) the impact of intercompany profit eliminations on the foreign derived income deduction, and (c) the impact of current year changes in tax laws in certain foreign and state jurisdictions.
The effective tax rate for the nine months ended January 31, 2022, was 23.4% compared to 16.2% for the same period last year. The increase in our effective rate was primarily due to (a) the absence of deferred tax benefit recognized in the prior-year related to an intercompany transfer of assets, (b) the impact of prior intercompany sales of inventory taxed at rates higher than current statutory tax rates, (c) the impact of intercompany profit eliminations on the foreign derived intangible income deduction, and (d) increased true-ups of prior-year tax liabilities.
Diluted earnings per share of $0.54 in the three months ended January 31, 2022, increased 19% from the $0.45 reported for the same period last year due to the increase in reported operating income, partially offset by higher income taxes. Diluted earnings per share of $1.43 for the nine months ended January 31, 2022, decreased 12% from the $1.63 reported for the same period last year, which includes an estimated $0.19 per share benefit from the gain on sale of Early Times, Canadian Mist, and Collingwood brands and related assets.
Liquidity and Financial Condition
Cash flows. Cash and cash equivalents decreased $338 million during the nine months ended January 31, 2022. Cash provided by operations was $683 million during the nine months ended January 31, 2022, compared to $572 million for the same period last year. The $111 million increase reflects improved operating results and the impact of changes in working capital, which included the collection in December 2021 of approximately $62 million of accounts receivable from Bacardi that had been withheld since fiscal 2021. (See Note 5 to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for details about the Bacardi matter.)
The impact of investing activities on cash and cash equivalents was a decrease of $63 million for the nine months ended January 31, 2022, compared to an increase of $120 million for the same period last year. The $183 million change largely reflects the proceeds of $177 million received in the prior-year period from our divestiture of the Early Times, Canadian Mist, and Collingwood brands and related assets.
Cash used for financing activities was $930 million during the nine months ended January 31, 2022, compared to $294 million for the same period last year. The $636 million increase largely reflects a special cash dividend payment of $479 million in December 2021 and $158 million increase in net repayments of short-term borrowings.
The impact on cash and cash equivalents as a result of exchange rate changes was a decrease of $28 million for the nine months ended January 31, 2022, compared to an increase of $33 million for the same period last year.
Liquidity. We generate strong cash flows from operations, which enable us to meet current obligations, fund capital expenditures, pay regular dividends, and return cash to our stockholders from time to time through share repurchases and special dividends. We believe our investment-grade credit ratings (A1 by Moody’s and A- by Standard & Poor’s) provide us with financial flexibility when accessing global debt capital markets and allow us to reserve adequate debt capacity for investment opportunities and unforeseen events.
Cash and cash equivalents were $1,150 million at April 30, 2021, and $812 million at January 31, 2022. As of January 31, 2022, approximately 71% of our cash and cash equivalents were held by our foreign subsidiaries whose earnings we expect to reinvest indefinitely outside of the United States. We continue to evaluate our future cash deployment and may decide to repatriate additional cash held by our foreign subsidiaries, which may require us to provide for and pay additional taxes.
We have an $800 million commercial paper program that we regularly use to fund our short-term operational needs. Please see Note 6 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for outstanding commercial paper balances, interest rates, and days to maturity at April 30, 2021, and January 31, 2022. The average balances, interest rates, and original maturities during the periods ended January 31, 2021 and 2022, are presented below.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Three Months Average | | | | Nine Months Average |
| | | | | | | January 31, | | | | January 31, |
| (Dollars in millions) | | | | | | | 2021 | | 2022 | | | | | | 2021 | | 2022 |
| Average commercial paper | | | | | | | $308 | | $— | | | | | | $342 | | $78 |
| Average interest rate | | | | | | | 0.32% | | —% | | | | | | 0.53% | | 0.16% |
| Average days to maturity at issuance | | | | | | | 147 | | — | | | | | | 127 | | 32 |
Our commercial paper program is supported by available commitments under our undrawn $800 million bank credit facility. The credit facility, which was extended for an additional year on November 10, 2021, is now scheduled to expire on November 10, 2024. Although unlikely, under extreme market conditions, one or more participating banks may not be able to fund its commitments under our credit facility. To manage this counterparty credit risk, we partner with banks that have investment grade credit ratings, limit the amount of exposure we have with each bank, and monitor the financial conditions of each bank.
While we expect to meet our planned short-term liquidity needs largely through cash generated from operations and borrowings under our commercial paper program, a sustained market deterioration resulting in declines in net sales and profit could require us to evaluate alternative sources of liquidity. Should we have additional liquidity needs, we believe that we could access long-term financing in the debt capital markets.
We believe our current liquidity position, supplemented by our ability to generate positive cash flows from operations in the future, and our ample debt capacity enabled by our strong short-term and long-term credit ratings, will be sufficient to meet all of our expected future financial commitments.
As announced on November 18, 2021, our Board of Directors increased the quarterly cash dividend on our Class A and Class B common stock from $0.1795 per share to $0.1885 per share. The quarterly cash dividend was paid on December 28, 2021, to stockholders of record on December 3, 2021.
The Board also declared a special cash dividend of $1.00 per share on our Class A and Class B common stock. The special cash dividend was paid on December 29, 2021, to stockholders of record on December 9, 2021.
Additionally, as announced on January 25, 2022, our Board of Directors declared a regular quarterly cash dividend on our Class A and Class B common stock of $0.1885 per share. The quarterly cash dividend is payable on April 1, 2022, to stockholders of record on March 8, 2022.