In 2014, 86% of the net cash generation was distributed to the Group (2013: 88%). This demonstrates the high quality, liquid nature of the cash generation.

 
                                       2014                              2013 
                        ---------------------------------  ------------------------------- 
                         Net cash   Dividend    Dividend    Net cash   Dividend   Dividend 
                           GBPm       GBPm      % of cash    GBPm       GBPm       % of 
 GBPm                                                                              cash 
----------------------  ---------  ---------  -----------  ---------  ---------  --------- 
 LGR, LGAS and LGC         929        685          74         831        627         75 
----------------------  ---------  ---------  -----------  ---------  ---------  --------- 
 LGIM                      262        213          81         239        213         89 
----------------------  ---------  ---------  -----------  ---------  ---------  --------- 
 LGA                        46         46         100          44         44        100 
----------------------  ---------  ---------  -----------  ---------  ---------  --------- 
 Sub-total                1,237       947          76        1,114       884         79 
----------------------  ---------  ---------  -----------  ---------  ---------  --------- 
 Group debt and other 
  costs                   (133)                              (112)        - 
----------------------  ---------  ---------  -----------  ---------  ---------  --------- 
 Total                    1,104       944          86        1,002       884         88 
----------------------  ---------  ---------  -----------  ---------  ---------  --------- 
 

OPERATIONAL CASH GENERATION GUIDANCE

 
                                        2015     2014 
 GBPm                                 Guidance 
-----------------------------------  ---------  ------ 
 LGR                                       340     292 
-----------------------------------  ---------  ------ 
 Insurance excluding General 
  Insurance                                290     286 
-----------------------------------  ---------  ------ 
 Savings(1)                                135     127 
-----------------------------------  ---------  ------ 
 LGA(2)                                     50      46 
-----------------------------------  ---------  ------ 
 LGC                                       170     162 
-----------------------------------  ---------  ------ 
 Sub-total                                 985     913 
-----------------------------------  ---------  ------ 
 LGIM                                              275 
-----------------------------------  ---------  ------ 
 LGAS General Insurance                             46 
-----------------------------------  ---------  ------ 
 Operational cash generation 
  from divisions                                 1,234 
-----------------------------------  ---------  ------ 
 Group debt costs                        (116)   (112) 
-----------------------------------  ---------  ------ 
 Other costs                                      (21) 
-----------------------------------  ---------  ------ 
 Total operational cash generation               1,101 
-----------------------------------  ---------  ------ 
 New business surplus                                3 
-----------------------------------  ---------  ------ 
 Net cash generation                             1,104 
-----------------------------------  ---------  ------ 
 

1. Workplace savings is excluded from Savings operational cash and cash guidance, and included within LGIM operational cash.

2. LGA has already paid its 2015 ordinary dividend of $80m in February 2015.

For LGR, LGA, LGC, Savings, Insurance excluding General Insurance and Group debt costs, we estimate operational cash generation will increase in 2015 by 8% to GBP869m (2013: GBP801m).

TAXATION.

GROUP TAX RATES - EFFECTIVE TAX RATE OF 19.9%

 
 Equity holders' effective tax rate     2014   2013 
 % 
------------------------------------  ------  ------ 
 Total Effective Tax Rate               19.9    20.8 
------------------------------------  ------  ------ 
 Annualised rate of UK corporation 
  tax                                   21.5   23.25 
------------------------------------  ------  ------ 
 

In 2014, the Group's effective tax rate remained slightly below the UK corporation tax rate due to a number of differences between the measurement of accounting profit and taxable profits.

The UK has a deferred tax asset of GBP45m in respect of trading losses carried forward in Group companies (2013: GBP93m). The movement in the year includes a GBP71m (2013: GBP70m) contribution to net cash generation in LGR and LGAS Protection from the utilisation of tax losses. It is expected that the trading losses within LGR will be fully utilised during 2015.

BALANCE SHEET STRENGTH.

EXTENDING THE DEBT MATURITY OF THE GROUP

Legal & General continues to have a strong liquidity position reflecting its requirements for working capital and derivative collateral. The Group's outstanding core borrowings total GBP3.0bn (2013: GBP2.5bn). There is also a further GBP0.7bn (2013: GBP0.7bn) of operational borrowings including GBP0.7bn (2013: GBP0.6bn) of non recourse borrowings. In June 2014 we issued GBP600m of subordinated Tier 2 debt, with a maturity date of 2064 (with an initial call date of 2044), and coupon rate of 5.5% and extended the overall average maturity of the group's borrowings significantly.

Group debt costs of GBP142m (2013: GBP127m) reflect an average cost of debt of 5.2% per annum (2013: 4.9% per annum) on average nominal value of debt balances of GBP2.7bn (2013: GBP2.6bn).

IGD Capital resources

As at 31 December 2014 the Insurance Group's Directive (IGD) surplus was GBP3.9bn (2013: GBP4.0bn).

The Group's capital resources totalled GBP7.7bn, covering the capital resources requirement of GBP3.8bn by 2.01 times.

Capital resources increased by GBP0.4bn, primarily as a result of net cash generation of GBP1.1bn and the issuance of GBP0.6bn of additional Lower Tier 2 debt in June, offset by GBP(0.7)bn of dividends, including allowance for the final dividend of GBP496m (2013: final dividend of GBP408m) and GBP(0.2)bn of additional provision for pension deficit payments during the year.

The Group's capital requirement increased by GBP0.5bn primarily as a result of an additional GBP0.4bn deployed in writing new business, offset by GBP(0.2)bn released from the run-off of existing business. The Group's capital surplus was impacted by a further GBP(0.3)bn resulting from sensitivity to asset market movements. In LGPL, the Group's main annuity company, we maintain a provision of GBP2.3bn (2013: GBP1.8bn) to provide for the risk of credit default. Over the last five years we have experienced total actual defaults of less than GBP10m.

 
 Capital                                2014         2013 
 GBPbn 
-------------------------------------  -----  ----------- 
 Group capital resources                 7.7          7.3 
-------------------------------------  -----  ----------- 
 Group capital resources requirement     3.8          3.3 
-------------------------------------  -----  ----------- 
 IGD surplus                             3.9          4.0 
-------------------------------------  -----  ----------- 
 
 Coverage ratio (%)                      201          221 
-------------------------------------  -----  ----------- 
 

ECONOMIC CAPITAL

Economic capital is the amount of capital that the Board believes the Group needs to hold, over and above its liabilities, in order to meet the Group's strategic objectives. These numbers do not represent our view of the Solvency II outcome for the Group. Solvency II has elements which L&G considers to be inconsistent with the Group's definition of economic capital, so there will be differences between the two balance sheets. Our Economic Capital model has not been reviewed by the Prudential Regulatory Authority (PRA), nor will it be.

As at 31 December 2014 Legal & General Group had an economic capital surplus of GBP7.0bn (2013: GBP6.9bn), corresponding to an economic capital coverage ratio of 229% (2013: 251%).

Eligible own funds increased by GBP1.1bn to GBP12.5bn (2013: GBP11.4bn) primarily as a result of own funds generated by new business written, releases on the back book and the issuance of GBP0.6bn of debt, offset by dividends.

The economic capital requirement increased by GBP1.0bn to GBP5.5bn (2013: GBP4.5bn) primarily as a result of changes in market conditions, increases in surplus assets which attract risk capital and the capital requirements on new business written. Overall the new business written in 2014 has covered its capital requirements.

 
 Capital                         2014   2013 
 GBPbn 
------------------------------  -----  ----- 
 Eligible own funds              12.5   11.4 
------------------------------  -----  ----- 
 Economic capital requirement     5.5    4.5 
------------------------------  -----  ----- 
 Economic capital surplus         7.0    6.9 
------------------------------  -----  ----- 
 
 1-in-200 coverage ratio (%)      229    251 
------------------------------  -----  ----- 
 
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