(3) Buying additional operational capabilities and developing strategic partnerships to ensure good access to direct investments and generate better returns over the medium to longer term. LGC acquired a 40% stake in Pemberton Asset Management, with a commitment to invest EUR250m into SME loans across LGR and LGAS, developing a European Private Placement capability. We also invested alongside PGGM in a GBP370m UK Commercial Property portfolio where LGIM are the asset manager.

(4) Supporting Legal & General's social purpose agenda. LGC are focused on housing, urban regeneration, energy and alternative finance, where long term capital is failing to meet the demand.

GBP2.8BN FURTHER DIRECT INVESTMENTS COMPLETED

 
 Direct Investments    2014   2013 
 GBPbn 
--------------------  -----  ----- 
 LGR                    4.6    2.5 
--------------------  -----  ----- 
 LGC                    0.7    0.3 
--------------------  -----  ----- 
 LGA & Other            0.4    0.1 
--------------------  -----  ----- 
 Total                  5.7    2.9 
--------------------  -----  ----- 
 

LGR continues to invest in longer term property leases, commercial mortgages and infrastructure. In the year this included GBP845m of additional property investments including the GBP252m Places for People deal to acquire 4,000 homes and to help finance 7,000 new homes over 7 years. In addition, a further GBP593m of secured lending and GBP260m of infrastructure investment were completed during the year.

LGC continues to invest in direct investments;LGC purchased a 40% stake in Pemberton, and provided a GBP77m cash injection into CALA to acquire Banner Homes. We increased the allocation into UK commercial property with strategic co-investments and provided GBP143m of short term loans to strategic partners to facilitate direct investments.

LGA has invested in commercial mortgages and US private placements including $544m private placements and USD Commercial Real Estate Lending.

RESILIENT GROUP-WIDE INVESTMENT STRATEGY

The Group's principal balance sheet of GBP57.2bn is well positioned for the medium term and is predominantly an Investment Grade debt portfolio with low bank sub-debt and peripheral European exposure, and, where applicable, is closely hedged to liabilities.

 
 Asset portfolio                              2014 
                                 ----------------------------- 
 GBPbn                            LGR(1)   LGC   Other   Total 
-------------------------------  -------  ----  ------  ------ 
 Bonds:                             40.7   1.6     3.5    45.8 
-------------------------------  -------  ----  ------  ------ 
     Sovereigns                      7.8   0.2     1.2     9.2 
-------------------------------  -------  ----  ------  ------ 
     Banks                           2.3   0.4     0.2     2.9 
-------------------------------  -------  ----  ------  ------ 
     Other bonds                    30.6   1.0     2.1    33.7 
-------------------------------  -------  ----  ------  ------ 
 Property                            1.9   0.1       -     2.0 
-------------------------------  -------  ----  ------  ------ 
 Equities                            0.3   1.9     0.1     2.3 
-------------------------------  -------  ----  ------  ------ 
 Derivatives                         3.8   0.1     0.1     4.0 
-------------------------------  -------  ----  ------  ------ 
 Cash, cash equivalents, loans 
  & receivables                      0.7   1.4     0.9     3.0 
-------------------------------  -------  ----  ------  ------ 
 Total financial investments        47.4   5.1     4.6    57.1 
-------------------------------  -------  ----  ------  ------ 
 Other assets                        0.1     -       -     0.1 
-------------------------------  -------  ----  ------  ------ 
 Total investments                  47.5   5.1     4.6    57.2 
-------------------------------  -------  ----  ------  ------ 
 

1. LGR assets represent those used to back the Group's non-profit annuity business.

The investment variance across the Group was GBP(8)m (2013: GBP29m) reflecting the positive impact of changes in LGR's investment portfolio, with greater levels of direct investment, offset by equity returns in the LGC asset portfolio which were materially lower in 2014 than our medium term assumptions.

LEGAL & GENERAL AMERICA.

 
 Financial highlights           2014    2013 
 $m 
-----------------------------  ------  ------ 
 Operating profit                  93     145 
-----------------------------  ------  ------ 
 
 Operational cash generation       76      69 
-----------------------------  ------  ------ 
 
 Gross premium income           1,117   1,024 
-----------------------------  ------  ------ 
 
 New business APE                 150     155 
-----------------------------  ------  ------ 
 

INCREASED CONTRIBUTION TO CASH

Operational cash generation increased by 10% to $76m (2013: $69m). This represents the dividends paid by LGA to the Group and reflects the focus of LGA to deliver net cash generation. In 2015 LGA has already paid an ordinary dividend of $80m to the Group.

During 2014, LGA adjusted its new business pricing basis, allowing for the pricing of risk at a more granular level. As a consequence prices have been raised at lower margin price points and reduced elsewhere. This resulted in lower new business volumes of $150m (2013: $155m) over the full year, including a decline of $13m (15%) in the second half of 2014 compared to the corresponding period in 2013. New business margin decreased to 9.9% (2013: 11.6%) with the benefits from this change in business mix being more than offset by changes to longer term mortality and lapse assumptions.

Gross premiums increased 9% to $1,117m (2013: $1,024m) as we continue to benefit from strong relationships with the brokerage general agents, who distribute term assurance in the US market. LGA is the 3(rd) largest provider of term life assurance by sum assured in the US and remains the largest provider through the key distribution channel of BGAs. LGA now has 1.15 million customers (2013: 1.04 million).

profit impacted by adverse mortality

Operating profit was significantly lower at $93m (2013: $145m) as LGA incurred total mortality claims which were $46m higher than assumptions. Mortality experience was generally unfavourable across the US life industry in 2014, especially in Q1 and Q4. The lower interest rate environment in the US also had an adverse impact on LGA's profitability of around $10m year on year. We will continue to closely monitor emerging mortality experience in 2015 and take further management action, including pricing adjustments, as required.

cash generation.

STRONG CORRELATION BETWEEN CASH GENERATION AND EARNINGS

The table below highlights the linkage between the operational and net cash generation of the business, and the profit of the Group.

 
                          Op cash   Strain    Net    Variances    Profit   Tax    Profit 
                                              cash    and other    after           before 
 GBPm                                                               tax             tax 
-----------------------  --------  -------  ------  -----------  -------  -----  -------- 
 LGR                        292       51      343        3         346      82      428 
-----------------------  --------  -------  ------  -----------  -------  -----  -------- 
 LGIM                       262       -       262        -         262      74      336 
-----------------------  --------  -------  ------  -----------  -------  -----  -------- 
 LGAS                       472      (48)     424       (63)       361      99      460 
-----------------------  --------  -------  ------  -----------  -------  -----  -------- 
 LGC                        162       -       162        -         162      41      203 
-----------------------  --------  -------  ------  -----------  -------  -----  -------- 
 LGA                        46        -       46        (14)        32      24      56 
-----------------------  --------  -------  ------  -----------  -------  -----  -------- 
 Operating profit from 
  divisions                1,234      3      1,237      (74)      1,163    320     1,483 
-----------------------  --------  -------  ------  -----------  -------  -----  -------- 
 Group debt and other 
  costs                    (133)      -      (133)      (32)      (165)    (43)    (208) 
-----------------------  --------  -------  ------  -----------  -------  -----  -------- 
 Operating profit          1,101      3      1,104     (106)       998     277     1,275 
-----------------------  --------  -------  ------  -----------  -------  -----  -------- 
 Investment and other 
  variances                  -        -        -        (6)        (6)     (31)    (37) 
-----------------------  --------  -------  ------  -----------  -------  -----  -------- 
 Total                     1,101      3      1,104     (112)       992     246     1,238 
-----------------------  --------  -------  ------  -----------  -------  -----  -------- 
 
 Dividend                                     668                  668 
-----------------------  --------  -------  ------  -----------  -------  -----  -------- 
 Dividend coverage                           1.65                  1.49 
-----------------------  --------  -------  ------  -----------  -------  -----  -------- 
 

CASH GENERATION BACKED BY DIVIDENDS TO GROUP

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