Item 2. |
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
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Cautionary Statement for Forward-Looking Information
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 should be read in conjunction
with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes to those statements that are included elsewhere in this report. Our discussion includes forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and
uncertainties, such as our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. Actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors, including
those set forth under Item 1A. Risk Factors appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on March 30, 2023. We use words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “project,” “continuing,”
“ongoing,” “expect,” “believe,” “intend,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” and similar expressions to identify forward-looking statements.
Unless expressly indicated or the context requires otherwise, the terms “Forian”, the “Company”, “we”, “us”, and “our” refer to Forian Inc.
Overview
Forian Inc. (the “Company” or “Forian”) was incorporated in Delaware on October 15, 2020 as a wholly owned subsidiary of Medical Outcomes Research Analytics, LLC (“MOR”) for the purpose of
effecting the business combination with Helix Technologies Inc. (“Helix”). Forian provides a unique suite of data management capabilities and proprietary information and analytics solutions to optimize and measure operational, clinical and
financial performance for customers within the healthcare and related industries.
The business combination with Helix was accounted for as a reverse acquisition using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”), with the Company deemed the accounting acquirer for financial reporting purposes. Helix provides software and analytics solutions to state governments and licensed operators
in the cannabis industry, primarily through its subsidiary, Bio-Tech Medical Software, Inc. (“BioTrack”), until its sale of BioTrack in 2023.
On February 10, 2023, Helix completed the sale of 100% of the outstanding capital stock of BioTrack, on March 3, 2022 Helix completed the sale of the assets of its security monitoring business,
and on October 31, 2022 Helix completed the sale of 100% of the outstanding membership interest of its Engeni LLC subsidiary (these businesses together are referred to as the “Helix Businesses”). As a result of these transactions, Helix has no
remaining active operations and the Company no longer provides products or services to the cannabis industry. The results of the Helix Businesses are presented as discontinued operations in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and,
as such, have been excluded from continuing operations. Further, the Company reclassified the assets and liabilities of the Helix Businesses to discontinued operations in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2022. The Company will
continue to provide analytics solutions to customers within the healthcare and related industries.
Financial Operations Overview
The following discussion sets forth certain components of our statements of operations as well as factors that impact those items.
Revenues
Revenues are derived from licensing fees for our proprietary information products. The Company recognizes revenues from information products as performance obligations under customer contracts
are satisfied. Services revenues are primarily from contracts with government agencies and revenue is recognized upon completion of the various milestones within the contract.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues is generated from direct costs associated with the delivery of our products and services to our customers. The cost of revenues relates primarily to labor costs, information
licensing, hosting and infrastructure costs and client service team costs. We record the cost of direct fulfillment as cost of revenues.
Research and Development
Research and development expenses consist primarily of employee-related expenses, subcontractor and third-party consulting fees and hosted infrastructure costs. We continue to focus our research
and development efforts on adding new features and applications to our product offerings.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expense is primarily salaries and related expenses, including commissions, for our sales, marketing and product management staff. Marketing program costs are also recorded as
sales and marketing expense including advertising, market research and events (such as trade shows, corporate communications, brand building, etc.). The Company plans to continue to invest in marketing and sales by expanding our selling and
marketing staff, building brand awareness, attracting new clients and sponsoring additional marketing events. The timing of these marketing events will affect our marketing costs in any particular quarter.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses include salaries and benefits and other costs of departments serving administrative functions, such as executives, finance and accounting and human resources.
In addition, general and administrative expense includes non-personnel costs, such as professional fees, legal fees, accounting and finance advisory fees and other supporting corporate expenses not allocated to cost of revenues, product and
development or sales and marketing.
Depreciation and Amortization Expenses
Depreciation and Amortization relate to long lived assets used in our business. Depreciation expense relates primarily to furniture and equipment and computers.
Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:
The following table summarizes our condensed results of operations for the periods indicated:
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For the Three Months Ended March 31,
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|
|
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2023
|
|
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2022
|
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Revenues
|
|
$
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4,870,387
|
|
|
$
|
3,534,861
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|
Costs and Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Cost of revenues
|
|
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1,252,215
|
|
|
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1,243,030
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Research and development
|
|
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531,689
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|
|
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1,089,879
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Sales and marketing
|
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1,196,192
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|
|
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820,594
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General and administrative
|
|
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3,639,826
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|
|
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5,273,968
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Separation expenses
|
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599,832
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|
|
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5,417,043
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Depreciation and amortization
|
|
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38,430
|
|
|
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15,349
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Loss from continuing operations
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$
|
(2,387,797
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)
|
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$
|
(10,325,002
|
)
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Comparison of Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
Revenues
Revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023 were $4,870,387, which represented an increase of $1,335,526, or 37.8%, compared to total revenue of $3,534,861 for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase is primarily due to
increased sales of information products to the healthcare industry to new and existing customers.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $1,252,215, which represented an increase of $9,185 compared to total cost of revenues of $1,243,030 for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Cost of revenues increased at a lower
rate than revenue, as many of our data infrastructure costs are fixed or semi-variable in nature. As a result, gross profit as a percentage of revenues increased to 74.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to 64.8% for the same
period in 2022.
Research and Development
Research and development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 were $531,689, which represented an decrease
of $558,190 compared to total research and development expenses of $1,089,879 for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The decrease
is due to lower personnel, subcontracted labor and infrastructure costs related to new product development resulting from the Company’s shift in focus to the healthcare analytics market.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 were $1,196,192, which represented an increase of
$375,598 compared to total sales and marketing expenses of $820,594 for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase is due to
higher salary, commission and expenses related to scaling the Company’s products.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 were $3,639,826, which represented a
decrease of $1,634,142 compared to general and administrative expenses of $5,273,968 for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The
decrease is primarily due to lower personnel costs, consulting and professional fees resulting from cost synergies, including a decrease of $729,763 in stock-based compensation expenses related to the departure of the former chief executive
officer and the former chief financial officer of Helix, who were advisors to the Company through March 2, 2022, partially offset by increased expenses related to grants to employees.
Separation Expenses
Effective February 10, 2023, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, President and Class II member of the Board of Directors resigned. In connection with the resignation, the Company entered into
a separation agreement providing for, among other things (i) salary continuation for 12 months and (ii) accelerated vesting of 106,656 unvested restricted shares of the Company common stock. Separation expenses for the three months ended March
31, 2023 includes $250,000 related to the salary continuation, fully recognized during the quarter, and $349,832 related to the accelerated vesting of stock.
On March 2, 2022, the Company and two advisors agreed not to renew special advisor agreements between the advisors and the Company. The advisors were the former chief executive officer and chief
financial officer of Helix who were granted stock options in conjunction with their respective advisory agreements that were entered into upon the completion of the Helix acquisition. The Company and the advisors mutually agreed not to renew the
advisory agreements. The services provided by these advisors included transition planning and consulting services related to integration of the business operations of Helix and Forian. Per the terms of the agreements, options to purchase 366,166
shares of common stock continued to vest according to their original terms through March 2, 2023, and unvested stock options to purchase 732,332 shares of common stock were forfeited. The advisors were not required to perform services to the
Company beyond the non-renewal date of March 2, 2022. As a result, the Company recorded $5,417,043 of stock compensation expense during March 2022 related to the options that vested through March 2, 2023.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q we have provided a non-GAAP measure, which we define as financial information that has not been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The non-GAAP financial
measure provided herein is earnings before interest, taxes, non-cash and other items (“Adjusted EBITDA”), which should be viewed as supplemental to, and not as an alternative for, net income or loss calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP
(referred to below as “net loss”).
Adjusted EBITDA is used by our management as an additional measure of our Company’s performance for purposes of business decision-making, including developing budgets, managing expenditures and
evaluating potential acquisitions or divestitures. Period-to-period comparisons of Adjusted EBITDA help our management identify additional trends in our Company’s financial results that may not be shown solely by period-to-period comparisons of
net loss. In addition, we may use Adjusted EBITDA in the incentive compensation programs applicable to some of our employees in order to evaluate our Company’s performance. Our management recognizes that Adjusted EBITDA has inherent limitations
because of the excluded items, particularly those items that are recurring in nature. In order to compensate for those limitations, management also reviews the specific items that are excluded from Adjusted EBITDA, but included in net loss, as
well as trends in those items contained in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
We believe that the presentation of Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors in their analysis of our results for reasons similar to the reasons why our management finds it useful and because it
helps facilitate investor understanding of decisions made by management in light of the performance metrics used in making those decisions. In addition, as more fully described below, we believe that providing Adjusted EBITDA, together with a
reconciliation of net loss to Adjusted EBITDA, helps investors make comparisons between our Company and other companies that may have different capital structures, different effective income tax rates and tax attributes, different capitalized
asset values and/or different forms of employee compensation. However, Adjusted EBITDA is not intended as a substitute for comparisons based on net loss. In making any comparisons to other companies, investors need to be aware that companies use
different non-GAAP measures to evaluate their financial performance. Investors should pay close attention to the specific definition being used and to the reconciliation between such measures and the corresponding U.S. GAAP measures provided by
each company under applicable SEC rules.
The following is an explanation of the items excluded by us from Adjusted EBITDA but included in net loss from continuing operations:
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• |
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense is a non-cash expense relating to capital expenditures and intangible assets arising from acquisitions
that are expensed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the related assets. We exclude depreciation and amortization expense from Adjusted EBITDA because we believe that (i) the amount of such expenses in any specific
period may not directly correlate to the underlying performance of our business operations and (ii) such expenses can vary significantly between periods as a result of new acquisitions and full amortization of previously acquired tangible
and intangible assets. Accordingly, we believe that this exclusion assists management and investors in making period-to-period comparisons of operating performance. Investors should note that the use of tangible and intangible assets
contributed to revenue in the periods presented and will contribute to future revenue generation and should also note that such expense will recur in future periods.
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• |
Stock-Based Compensation Expense. Stock-based compensation expense is a non-cash expense arising from the grant of stock-based awards to employees. We believe that excluding
the effect of stock-based compensation from Adjusted EBITDA assists management and investors in making period-to-period comparisons in our Company’s operating performance because (i) the amount of such expenses in any specific period may
not directly correlate to the underlying performance of our business operations and (ii) such expenses can vary significantly between periods as a result of the timing of grants of new stock-based awards, including grants in connection
with acquisitions. Stock-based compensation expense includes certain separation expenses related to the vesting of stock options. Effective February 10, 2023, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, President and Class II member of the
Board of Directors resigned. In connection with the resignation, the Company entered into a separation agreement providing for, among other things, accelerated vesting of 106,656 unvested restricted shares of the Company common stock.
Stock based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 includes $349,832 related to the accelerated vesting of stock. On March 2, 2022, we and the former chief executive officer and the former chief financial officer
of Helix mutually agreed not to renew special advisor agreements. Per the terms of the agreements, options to purchase 366,166 shares of common stock continued to vest according to their original terms through March 2, 2023, and unvested
stock options to purchase 732,332 shares of common stock were forfeited. The advisors were not required to perform services to the Company beyond the non-renewal date of March 2, 2022. As a result, we recorded $5,417,043 of stock
compensation expenses during March 2022 related to the options that vested through the twelve months ending March 2, 2023. We believe that excluding stock-based compensation from Adjusted EBITDA assists management and investors in making
meaningful comparisons between our Company’s operating performance and the operating performance of other companies that may use different forms of employee compensation or different valuation methodologies for their stock-based
compensation. Investors should note that stock-based compensation is a key incentive offered to employees whose efforts contributed to the operating results in the periods presented and are expected to contribute to operating results in
future periods. Investors should also note that such expenses will recur in the future.
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• |
Interest Expense. Interest expense is associated with the convertible notes entered into on September 1, 2021 in the amount of $24,000,000, (the “Notes”). The Notes are due
on September 1, 2025 and accrue interest at an annual rate of 3.5%. We exclude interest expense from Adjusted EBITDA (i) because it is not directly attributable to the performance of our business operations and, accordingly, its exclusion
assists management and investors in making period-to-period comparisons of operating performance and (ii) to assist management and investors in making comparisons to companies with different capital structures. Investors should note that
interest expense associated with the Notes will recur in future periods.
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• |
Investment Income. Investment income is associated with the level of marketable debt securities and other interest-bearing accounts in which we invest. Interest and
investment income can vary over time due to a variety of financing transactions, changes in interest rates, cash used to fund operations and capital expenditures and acquisitions that we have entered into or may enter into in the future.
We exclude interest and investment income from Adjusted EBITDA (i) because these items are not directly attributable to the performance of our business operations and, accordingly, their exclusion assists management and investors in
making period-to-period comparisons of operating performance and (ii) to assist management and investors in making comparisons to companies with different capital structures. Investors should note that interest income will recur in future
periods.
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• |
Other Items. We engage in other activities and transactions that can impact our net loss. In the periods being reported, these other items included (i) change in fair value of
warrant liability which related to warrants assumed in the acquisition of Helix; and (ii) other income which consists of profits on marketable security investments. We exclude these other items from Adjusted EBITDA because we believe
these activities or transactions are not directly attributable to the performance of our business operations and, accordingly, their exclusion assists management and investors in making period-to-period comparisons of operating
performance. Investors should note that some of these other items may recur in future periods.
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• |
Severance expenses. Effective February 10, 2023, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, President and Class II member of the Board of Directors resigned. In connection with
the resignation, the Company entered into a separation agreement providing for, among other things (i) salary continuation for twelve months and (ii) accelerated vesting of 106,656 unvested restricted shares of the Company common stock.
Severance expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 includes $250,000 related to the salary continuation. We exclude these other items from Adjusted EBITDA because we believe these costs are not recurring and not directly
attributable to the performance of our business operations and, accordingly, their exclusion assists management and investors in making period-to-period comparisons of operating performance. In addition, the Company records normal course
of business severance expenses in the operating expense line item related to the employee’s activities.
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|
• |
Income tax expense. We exclude the income tax expense from Adjusted EBITDA (i) because we believe that the income tax expense is not directly attributable to the underlying
performance of our business operations and, accordingly, its exclusion assists management and investors in making period-to-period comparisons of operating performance and (ii) to assist management and investors in making comparisons to
companies with different tax attributes.
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Limitations on the use of non-GAAP financial measures
There are limitations to using non-GAAP financial measures because non-GAAP financial measures are not prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and may be different from non-GAAP financial measures
provided by other companies.
The non-GAAP financial measures are limited in value because they exclude certain items that may have a material impact upon our reported financial results. In addition, they are subject to
inherent limitations as they reflect the exercise of judgments by management about which items are adjusted to calculate our non-GAAP financial measures. We compensate for these limitations by analyzing current and future results on a U.S. GAAP
basis as well as a non-GAAP basis and also by providing U.S. GAAP measures in our public disclosures.
Non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, financial information prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We encourage investors and others to
review our financial information in its entirety, not to rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business and to view our non-GAAP financial measures in conjunction with the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures.
The following table reconciles the specific items excluded from U.S. GAAP metrics in the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA for the periods shown below:
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For the Three Months Ended March 31,
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|
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2023
|
|
|
2022
|
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Revenue
|
|
$
|
4,870,387
|
|
|
$
|
3,534,861
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Net loss from continuing operations
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$
|
(2,248,799
|
)
|
|
$
|
(10,317,700
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
38,430
|
|
|
|
15,349
|
|
Stock based compensation expense
|
|
|
1,828,233
|
|
|
|
7,613,978
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Change in fair value of warrant liability
|
|
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5,559
|
|
|
|
(219,840
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)
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Interest and investment income
|
|
|
(382,922
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)
|
|
|
(3,795
|
)
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Interest expense
|
|
|
208,456
|
|
|
|
211,333
|
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Severance expense
|
|
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250,000
|
|
|
|
—
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Income tax expense
|
|
|
29,909
|
|
|
|
5,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Adjusted EBITDA - continuing operations
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$
|
(271,134
|
)
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$
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(2,695,675
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)
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For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Adjusted EBITDA - continuing operations
Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was a loss of $271,134 compared to a loss of $2,695,675 for the three months ended March 31, 2022, a decrease of $2,424,541. The decrease is primarily due to higher revenues and the
lower research and development and general and administrative expenses discussed above.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since the Company’s inception in 2020, most of the Company’s resources have been devoted to scaling our research and development, sales and marketing and management infrastructure. The Company’s
operations have been financed primarily from the cash proceeds received from equity issuances and the issuance of the Notes. The Company expects to continue to fund its operations and potential future acquisitions through a combination of cash
flow generated from operating activities, debt financing and/or additional equity issuances. To date, the Company has not generated sufficient revenues from the licensing of information products to fund all of its operating expenses and as a
result the Company has incurred losses and generated negative cash flows from operations since inception. On February 10, 2023, the Company sold BioTrack for $30.0 million consisting of $20.0 million in cash at closing and twelve unconditional
monthly payments aggregating $10.0 million thereafter. As of March 31, 2023, the Company’s balance of cash and marketable securities aggregated $40 million. Additionally,
the Company has proceeds receivable from the BioTrack sale of $8.8 million and principal and accrued interest on the Notes, due September 1, 2025 of $25.3 million outstanding at March 31, 2023.
Cash Flows
The following table summarizes selected information about our sources and uses of cash and cash equivalents for the periods presented:
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For the Three Months Ended
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2023
|
|
|
2022
|
|
Net cash used in operating activities - continuing operations
|
|
$
|
(1,201,777
|
)
|
|
$
|
(2,399,452
|
)
|
Net cash provided by (used in) used in investing activities - continuing operations
|
|
|
(633,003
|
)
|
|
|
160,378
|
|
Net cash used in financing activities - continuing operations
|
|
|
(94,599
|
)
|
|
|
(13,122
|
)
|
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents - continuing operations
|
|
$
|
(1,929,379
|
)
|
|
$
|
(2,252,196
|
)
|
Net Cash Used in Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities decreased by $1,197,675 for the three months ended
March 31, 2023 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022. The decrease was primarily the result of decreased
Adjusted EBITDA loss, partially offset by changes in deferred revenue, accounts payable and other working capital accounts related to the timing of cash flows from operations.
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities of $633,003 increased by $793,381 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to cash used in investing activities of $160,378 for the three months ended March 31, 2022.
This is primarily the result of an increase in net purchases of marketable securities of $21,447,703, offset by an increase in cash received from the sale of discontinued operations.
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities of $94,599 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased
by $81,477 compared to cash used in financing activities of $13,122 for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase was primarily related to cash used to fund income tax withholding payments on vesting of employee restricted stock which was settled by surrendering shares to the Company.
Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates
Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we have prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We believe
that several accounting policies are important to understanding our historical and future performance. We refer to these policies as critical because these specific areas generally require us to make judgments and estimates about matters that are
uncertain at the time we make the estimate, and different estimates – which also would have been reasonable – could have been used. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments. We base our estimates on historical experience and
other market-specific or other relevant assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily
apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Critical accounting policies and estimates are further discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on
March 30, 2023. There have been no changes to these policies and estimates other than described below.
Discontinued Operations
In accordance with ASC 205-20 Discontinued Operations, the results of the Helix Businesses are presented as discontinued operations in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and, as
such, have been excluded from continuing operations. Further, the Company reclassified the assets and liabilities of the Helix Businesses as assets and liabilities of discontinued operations in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31,
2022, and recorded a gain on the sale of discontinued operations, net of tax during the three months ended March 31, 2023. The Company evaluated the divestitures in accordance with ASC 205-20 and determined that transactions in aggregate
represented a strategic shift that had a major impact on the Company. Accounting for discontinued operations and the related gain on sale of discontinued operations requires us to make estimates and judgements regarding the allocation of costs
and net asset values to discontinued operations.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In October 2021, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2021-08, Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers
(“ASU 2021-08”). The FASB issued ASU 2021-08 to improve the accounting for acquired revenue contracts with customers in a business combination by addressing diversity in practice and inconsistency related to recognition of an acquired
contract liability and payment terms and their effect on subsequent revenue recognized by the acquirer. ASU 2021-08 was adopted on January 1, 2023. The adoption of ASU 2021-08 did not have a material impact on the
condensed consolidated financial statements.
The Company has considered all other recently issued accounting pronouncements and does not believe the adoption of such pronouncements will have a material impact on our financial statements.
JOBS Act
On April 5, 2012, the JOBS Act was signed into law. The JOBS Act contains provisions that, among other things, reduce certain reporting requirements for an “emerging growth company.” As an
“emerging growth company,” the Company is electing to take advantage of the extended transition period afforded by the JOBS Act for the implementation of new or revised accounting standards.
Subject to certain conditions set forth in the JOBS Act, as an “emerging growth company,” the Company is not required to, among other things, (i) provide an auditor’s attestation report on our
system of internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404, (ii) provide all of the compensation disclosure that may be required of non-emerging growth public companies under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer
Protection Act, (iii) comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the
audit and the financial statements (auditor discussion and analysis), and (iv) disclose certain executive compensation-related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the chief executive
officer’s compensation to median employee compensation. These exemptions will apply until the fifth anniversary of the business combination or until we no longer meet the requirements for being an “emerging growth company,” whichever occurs
first.