FOXO FOXO Technologies Inc

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Fiscal Year December 31, 2023

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number: 001-39783

FOXO TECHNOLOGIES INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

729 N. Washington Ave., Suite 600
Minneapolis, MN 55401
(Address of principal executive offices)

(612) 562-9447

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒ 

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of the last business day of the registrants most recently completed second fiscal quarter, based on the price at which the common equity was last sold on the New York Stock Exchange on June 30, 2023 was approximately $13,610,030. For purposes of this computation only, all officers, directors and 10% or greater stockholders of the registrant are deemed to be “affiliates.”

The number of shares of Registrant’s Class A Common Stock outstanding, par value $0.0001 per share, as of June 3, 2024, was 10,667,258.

FOXO TECHNOLOGIES INC.

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND OTHER INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS REPORT

This Annual Report on Form 10-K, or this Annual Report, and the documents incorporated herein by reference contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which include, without limitation, statements regarding estimates and forecasts of financial and performance metrics, projections of market opportunity and market share, potential benefits and the commercial attractiveness to its customers of our products and services, the potential success of our marketing and expansion strategies, including with respect to stockholder value and other aspects of our business identified in this Annual Report, as well as other reports that we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Any statements about our business, financial results, financial condition and operations contained in this Annual Report that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward- looking statements. These forward-looking statements represent our intentions, plans, expectations, assumptions and beliefs about future events and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors.

Without limiting the foregoing, the words “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “projects,” or similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason, except as required by law, even as new information becomes available or other events occur in the future. Our actual results could differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including the risk factors described in Part I., Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” and elsewhere in this Annual Report such as, but not limited to:

Unless expressly indicated or the context requires otherwise, the terms “FOXO,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” in this Annual Report refer to FOXO Technologies Inc., a Delaware corporation, and, where appropriate, its subsidiaries.

PART I

Item 1. Business

Company Overview

FOXO is focused on commercializing scientific discoveries in health and longevity. A pivotal moment in the field of longevity science came with the discovery that epigenetics could be used to develop measures of health, including biological aging, according to an article published in the scientific journal, Nature, in 2014. In recent years, we and other scientists have extended these findings to assess tobacco, alcohol, blood cell composition, and other health measures based on discovered epigenetic biomarkers. To that end, FOXO is dedicated to research and development in order to provide data-driven insights based on the numerous health measures that can be determined through this unique dimension of biology and used to foster optimal health and longevity for both individuals and organizations. We believe there is value in what these biomarkers will be able to provide to the world. Current testing options can be inaccurate, piecemeal, and often require obtaining a blood sample. Epigenetic biomarkers may pave the path for a fully comprehensive, at-home, low-cost test that could, with other existing testing, offer a much easier, more detailed sense of one’s health.

At the same time, we believe there exists a significant bottleneck in scientific research and product development using epigenetic data. Due to the complexity of the data, many scientists are unaware of how to properly process such data or take full advantage of the available tools. With our experience in bringing to market new tools (both software and hardware) and know-how (our Bioinformatics Services and analytic consulting), we believe we are well-positioned to help reduce barriers in advancing epigenetic research and the development of epigenetic-based products. Thus, we have chosen strategically to extend our expertise in epigenetic data processing and analysis to outside parties in an effort to further accelerate new discoveries. This work not only allows us to generate revenue, but also continue our work in developing improved ways in processing and analyzing this important data.

Historically, we have had two core product offerings related to the commercialization of epigenetic science: the “Underwriting Report,” and the “Longevity Report™.” The Underwriting Report, which has been under development and is currently paused until we increase our cash resources in order to continue additional research and development, is intended to allow us to leverage a single assay testing process to generate a panel of impairment scores that could be applied by life insurance underwriters to more efficiently assess clients during the underwriting process and provide a more personalized risk assessment. The Longevity Report, sales of which have also been paused as we redevelop and re-strategize around this product, was designed as a customer-facing consumer engagement product that provides actionable insights based on one’s biological age and other epigenetic measures of health and wellness.

Historically, we were operationalizing a sales and distribution platform focused on recruiting independent life insurance agents to sell life insurance with longevity-promoting products such as our Longevity Report. We previously marketed and sold life insurance products underwritten and issued by third-party carriers through distribution relationships. This distribution model (the “MGA Model”) allowed us to appoint sales agents and producers to sell insurance products for specific carriers and earn commissions on subsequent policy sales. On October 2, 2023, we decided to pause sales of new life insurance products and move existing producers out of the MGA Model hierarchy to further conserve cash resources and focus resources on FOXO Labs (described below).

Exploration of Strategic Alternatives and Restructuring

In conjunction with the recent departure of our former Interim Chief Executive Officer and our former Chief Science Officer and the appointment of Mark White as our Interim Chief Executive Officer and Martin Ward as our Interim Chief Financial Officer, we are undertaking an exploration of strategic alternatives focused on, among other things, consumer-facing artificial intelligence (“AI”) technology-based applications and solutions and maximizing stockholder value, including, without limitation, a business combination involving us and our existing AI technology and a sale of all or part of our assets and/or restructurings. We have not set a timetable for completion of the exploration process, and our management has only begun to make decisions related to strategic alternatives, which remain subject to their ongoing review, and which include but are not limited to:

There can be no assurance that the exploration process will result in any strategic alternative, or as to its outcome or timing.

Segments

We have managed and classified our business into two reportable business segments, FOXO Labs and FOXO Life. While we have decided to pause sales of new life insurance products, we still intend to continue to classify our business into the two reportable business segments.

FOXO Labs

FOXO Labs performs research and development and is commercializing proprietary epigenetic biomarker technology. Our research demonstrates that epigenetic biomarkers, collected from saliva or blood, provide meaningful measures of health and lifestyle factors. FOXO Labs anticipates recognizing revenue related to sales of its Bioinformatics Services and from the commercialization of research and development activities, which may include the Underwriting Report, Longevity Report, or as a result of other commercialization opportunities including a potential AI platform for the delivery of health and well-being data-driven insights to individuals, healthcare professionals and third-party service providers as discussed above.

FOXO Labs currently recognizes revenue from providing epigenetic testing services and collecting a royalty from Illumina, Inc. related to the sales of the Infinium Mouse Methylation Array. FOXO Labs conducts research and development, and such costs are recorded within research and development expenses on the consolidated statements of operations.

FOXO Labs had operated its Bioinformatics Services as an ancillary offering, with revenue recognized as epigenetic biomarker services in our historical financial statements, but now looks to it as a primary offering. Bioinformatics Services provide a data processing, quality checking, and data analysis service using FOXO’s cloud-based bioinformatics pipeline, referred to as our epigenetics, longevity, or methylation pipeline in our historical financial statements. FOXO Labs accepts raw data from third party labs and converts that data into usable values for customers.

Milestones

The following bullet points highlight some of our key milestones since the beginning of 2022:

Current Business Strategy

In response to changing conditions and feedback from the market, including growing demand for direct-to-consumer wellness testing and epigenetic data analysis tools, we have shifted our strategic focus away from selling life insurance products through our MGA Model and concentrating efforts on: (1) our Bioinformatics Services offering, a suite of bioinformatic tools to help researchers process, analyze, and interpret epigenetic data (see “Bioinformatics Services” below for more information); and (2) research and development in the fields of health and wellness testing powered by machine learning and AI (including a potential AI platform for the delivery of health and well-being data-driven insights to individuals, healthcare professionals and third-party service providers). To further these goals, we intend to leverage the extensive epigenetic data we have generated in our clinical trials and the expertise of our team and continue building strategic alliances with new partners in academia, business, healthcare and government. We also intend to frequently evaluate and develop commercialization opportunities for our product and service offerings and our research findings.

With recent advances in AI and epigenetic capabilities, we believe there is an unprecedented opportunity to disrupt the health testing industry. We are continuing to leverage the unique datasets that we have generated through our research and development, including our clinical trials, which includes health data paired with epigenetic data and stored blood, urine, and saliva biospecimens in over 1,000 individuals. For example, the main applications of clinical biomarkers include early disease detection and prevention, which often require datasets with decades’ long follow-up to determine the ability of specific measures of health (e.g., a biomarker or functional test) to estimate disease risk at a single point in time. We believe that our longitudinal datasets allow us to investigate such capabilities. As an example, the large size of the Physicians’ Health Study enables us to study the use of epigenetic data obtained at a single point in time to estimate risk of disease up to roughly a decade into the future. Furthermore, some of our studies are designed to examine the ability of epigenetics to capture one’s past history of lifestyle behaviors, such as past tobacco use, dietary patterns, physical activity levels, and alcohol use. In summary, we believe that our versatile datasets allow us to use epigenetics to examine one’s past behaviors/traits and future disease risk.

Additionally, clinical trials are particularly useful to demonstrate cause-and-effect and to examine the time-course of health measures in response to a specific intervention. To that end, we believe that the epigenetic data we have generated in several clinical trials can be helpful in providing evidence-based advice to consumers. Current interventions that we are evaluating include multivitamins, vitamin D3, omega-3 fatty acids, cocoa extract, smoking cessation, vitamin E, vitamin C, beta carotene, and psilocybin. We intend to continue this line of research, and we believe that adding more trials with different interventions will improve our ability to guide consumers. Importantly, these trials can be designed to evaluate multiple measures of health, such as wearables and blood testing from finger prick, thereby allowing us to repeatedly use the same trial data to evaluate recommendations based on a variety of health measurement tools.

We believe that our proprietary data allows us to quickly assess new measures and biomarkers that can be measured in these biospecimens and relate those biomarkers to epigenetic data and other health metrics, which may give us an advantage in identifying potential new applications of our data and findings, such as environmental chemical exposures to wildfires, BPA, ozone, and phthalates.

As part of our exploration of strategic alternatives (including potential mergers and acquisitions), we have reduced our headcount and expenses and identified non-core business assets including dormant software (certain applications, modules, APIs, user interfaces and backend services) which, if sold, could result in a reduction in our outstanding liabilities.

The United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) has issued Notices of Allowance to us for two patents for the use of machine learning techniques to enable the commercialization of epigenetic biomarkers. We believe that these patents will enhance management’s ability to protect a future health and well-being AI platform, as discussed above, to the extent that we develop one. See “– Intellectual Property – Proprietary Intellectual Property” below for more information.

Current Focus on Bioinformatics Services

To broaden the accessibility of epigenetics to researchers and enterprises around the world, we have contributed to the development of novel technologies – both hardware and software – including the Infinium Mouse Methylation BeadChip (licensed to Illumina) and our methylsuite software. In June 2023, we formally launched “Bioinformatics Services,” which provides a comprehensive platform of advanced data solutions using AI and machine learning (i.e., in silico processing, quality checking, and/or analysis of raw epigenetic microarray data generated by customers) that can be tailored to meet the specific needs of customers in various industries, including academia, healthcare, government, and pharmaceutical research.

Our core offering provides customers with several processed data files and a quality report that describes potentially problematic samples and probes along with recommendations on how to address those issues in downstream analysis. Ancillary offerings may include management of sample and data generation as well as downstream analysis, including prediction or classification tasks involving machine learning techniques. These services leverage the unique expertise and partnerships that our team has developed with various commercial labs, manufacturers, researchers, and software developers. It is our hope that these Bioinformatics Services will provide a full service (or piecemeal, as desired) to enable the use of epigenetics for any purpose.

The expansion of our Bioinformatics Services further reduces the barrier of entry for clients seeking to conduct epigenetic analysis by leveraging our distinct expertise in epigenetics, machine learning, and bioinformatics. Data analysis is often the most time-consuming and challenging part of a research project, so our expertise can fill that gap in the pipeline of epigenetic product development. Because of our unique experience developing the hardware, software, and the biotechnology itself, we believe we are well suited to aid our customers with their research projects.

Bioinformatics Services remains one of our core services as we continue our exploration of strategic alternatives, including mergers and acquisitions.

Competitive Strengths

Data: Our datasets are designed to be highly versatile in order to provide flexibility as our products may change as we learn from customers in different markets. Our datasets also contribute to our research and development pipeline, whether it be rapid evaluation and prototyping, benchmarking against standard-of-care testing, longitudinal evaluation (short- and long-term), or examining responsiveness to potential interventions. In addition to the data we have generated through our research and development, we also have frozen biological samples (saliva, whole blood, serum, and urine), which we use to measure new biomarkers to benchmark against, build new products and improve the clinical determinations of our research participants. We believe that our unique datasets combined with our stored biological samples place us in a unique position to build, evaluate, and refine potential products rapidly.

Expertise: Our unique expertise sits at the intersection of multiple specialized fields of science ranging from genomic sciences, health sciences, biology, biotechnology, bioinformatics, and AI. We believe that this has afforded us the knowledge to assemble and coordinate the right partners for our unique initiatives (e.g., bioinformatic software or development of new microarrays), each requiring different sets of expertise that are commonly siloed.

Intellectual Property

Our approach to intellectual property is guided by the following strategic guidelines: create proprietary intellectual property that adds value, credibility, and competitive advantage; file patents, if possible; and protect our intellectual property as trade-secrets where meaningful patent protection cannot be achieved.

Proprietary Intellectual Property 

We currently maintain significant trade-secret intellectual property regarding epigenetic biomarker technology. The following patent applications were filed in the United States only with a non-publication request to prolong confidentiality and allow for an option to abandon one or more in favor of trade secret protection: 

Licensed Intellectual Property

We have licensed “epigenetic clock” patent applications from UCLA for use in the life insurance industry, which we are no longer pursuing. These licenses require us to achieve certain milestones and pay royalties for the commercial use of the technologies. Our licensed technology includes:

Government Regulation

The laboratory testing businesses is highly regulated at both the federal and state levels. We continually research and monitor the regulatory environment and regulatory changes that may apply to our business and have applied, or intend to apply, for any appropriate licenses in the required states, if such licenses are necessary, both federally and at the state level. We plan to provide our products and services under a distributed testing mode with separated “dry” and “wet” labs, with FOXO Labs analyzing epigenetic biomarkers based on data from outsourced testing performed by its partner “wet” lab. Risks related to regulation are detailed in the “Risk Factors” section.

Conducting human testing is subject to state and federal regulation. Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments, or CLIA, is the federal law (administered by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, or “CMS”) that, in partnership with the states, regulates clinical laboratories that perform testing on human specimens. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the “FDC Act”) gives the United States Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”), the authority to regulate manufacturers of medical devices. We do not believe that our “dry lab” data analysis services require certification under CLIA, or that FDA has jurisdiction over our use of data analysis for general health and wellness and non-diagnostic or medical treatment purposes (see section titled “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Epigenetic Testing Services”).

Any adverse change in present laws or regulations, or their interpretation, federally or in one or more states in which we operate or plan to operate (or an aggregation of states in which we conduct a significant amount of business) could result in our curtailment or termination of operations in such jurisdictions, or cause us to not start or modify our operations in a way that adversely affects our ultimate profitability. Further, the failure of our wet-laboratory partners to hold a CLIA certification appropriate to the type of testing they provide could result in adverse regulatory action (see section titled “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Epigenetic Testing Services”). Any such action could have a corresponding material adverse impact on our results of operations and financial condition, primarily through a material decrease in revenues, and could have a material adverse impact on our business.

Suppliers and Lab Processing  

Our supplies and lab processing primarily includes vendors that provide our saliva kits, arrays, and process samples at laboratories. We utilize third parties for these supplies and services. While we consider many of these third-parties single suppliers, we have qualified second sources for our saliva kits and lab processing. Our arrays are specialized, and we would not be able to quickly change suppliers should the need arise.

Supply interruptions, tariffs on components used on our saliva kits, arrays and others, or price increases may slow production, delay shipments to our customers or increase production costs in the future, any of which could adversely affect our financial results. Although we have not experienced any significant delays or interruptions, we expect that delays, interruptions or non-optimal scheduling of production related to interruptions in components we use to provide our services would result in an increase to our costs. We can give no assurance that global supply-chain constraints, geopolitical conflicts or limited ability for third parties to be able to provide the materials and components we need will not adversely affect our ability to procure materials and components necessary to develop our products.

As of December 31, 2023, we had written off our then existing supplies. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for more information regarding the write off of supplies during 2023.

Properties

We do not own any real property but lease an office space on a month-to-month basis. Our principal executive offices are located at 729 N. Washington Ave., Suite 600, Minneapolis, MN 55401.

Employees

As of June 3, 2024, we have two executive officers and three non-executive employees supporting our business. We have sought to bring together a diverse and multidisciplinary group of professionals who share in our passion for applying cutting-edge science and technology to develop products that promote health. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Recent Developments – Layoffs” for more information regarding the layoffs.

Reverse Stock Split

On October 31, 2023, we amended our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, to implement a 1-for-10 reverse stock split, such that every 10 shares of our Class A Common Stock will be combined into one issued and outstanding share of our Class A Common Stock, with no change in the $0.0001 par value per share (the “Reverse Stock Split”).

We effected the Reverse Stock Split on November 6, 2023 at 4:01pm Eastern Time of our issued and outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock, which was previously approved by stockholders at our annual meeting of stockholders held on May 26, 2023 to regain compliance with Section 1003(f)(v) of the NYSE Company Guide (the “Company Guide”).

Trading reopened on November 7, 2023, which is when our Class A Common Stock began trading on a post reverse stock split basis. All share information included in this Annual Report has been reflected as if the Reverse Stock Split occurred as of the earliest period presented.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The following risks could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, cash flows, and results of operations, and the trading price of our Class A Common Stock could decline. These risk factors do not identify all risks that we face. Our operations could also be affected by factors that are not presently known to us or that we currently consider to be immaterial to our operations. Due to risks and uncertainties, known and unknown, our past financial results may not be a reliable indicator of future performance, and historical trends should not be used to anticipate results or trends in future periods. Refer also to the other information set forth in this Annual Report, including in Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” as well as our consolidated financial statements and the related notes in Part II, Item 15.

Risk Factor Summary

Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties that represent challenges, including those highlighted in the section entitled “Risk Factors,” that represent challenges that we face in connection with the successful implementation of our strategy and growth of our business. Below we summarize what we believe are the principal risk factors, but these risks are not the only ones we face, and you should carefully review and consider the full discussion of our risk factors in the section titled “Risk Factors,” together with the other information in this Annual Report. The occurrence of one or more of the events or circumstances described in the section entitled “Risk Factors,” alone or in combination with other events or circumstances, and may have an adverse effect on our business, cash flows, financial condition and results of operations. Such risks include, but are not limited to: 

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry  

Risks Related to Our Epigenetic Testing Services

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

Risks Related to Owning Our Securities

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

We are exploring and evaluating strategic alternatives, including mergers and acquisitions, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in identifying, or completing any strategic alternative or that any such strategic alternative will yield additional value for stockholders or provide us with sufficient cash to fund our operating expenses.

We have commenced a review of strategic alternatives focused on, among other things, consumer-facing AI technology-based applications and solutions and maximizing stockholder value, including, without limitation, a business combination involving us and our existing AI technology, a sale of all or part of our assets and/or restructurings (e.g., further reductions in headcount and expenses and/or suspending certain operations), which could result in, among other things, a sale, a merger, consolidation or business combination, asset divestiture, partnering or other collaboration agreements, or potential acquisitions or recapitalizations, in one or more transactions, or continuing to operate with our current business plan and strategy. There can be no assurance that the exploration of strategic alternatives will result in the identification or consummation of any transaction. In addition, we may incur substantial expenses associated with identifying and evaluating potential strategic alternatives. The process of exploring strategic alternatives may be time consuming and disruptive to our business operations and if we are unable to effectively manage the process, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. We also cannot assure you that any potential transaction or other strategic alternative, if identified, evaluated and consummated, will provide greater value to our stockholders than that reflected in the current stock price. Any potential transaction would be dependent upon a number of factors that may be beyond our control, including, among other factors, market conditions, industry trends, the interest of third parties in our business and the availability of financing to potential buyers on reasonable terms.

We have not set a timetable for completion of the exploration process, and our management has only begun to make decisions related to strategic alternatives, which remain subject to their ongoing review. Among other things, we are in the process of evaluating whether KR8 AI, a company in the development stage that uses AI and machine learning to develop products and tools for content creators, of which Messrs. White and Ward are substantial shareholders and executive officers, is a suitable acquisition candidate. There can be no assurance that the exploration process will result in any strategic alternative, or as to its outcome or timing. If we fail to consummate an acquisition transaction with KR8 AI, we may lose the services of Messrs. White and Ward, which could adversely impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We may acquire other businesses or form joint ventures or make investments in other companies or technologies in the future. If we are not successful in integrating these businesses, as well as identifying and controlling risks associated with the past operations of these businesses, we may incur significant costs, receive penalties or other sanctions from various regulatory agencies, and/or incur significant diversions of management time and attention.

We may consider or undertake strategic acquisitions of, or material investments in, businesses, products or technologies. If we make any acquisitions, we may not be able to integrate these acquisitions successfully into our existing business, and we could assume unknown or contingent liabilities. Any future acquisitions also could result in significant write-offs or the incurrence of debt and contingent liabilities, any of which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Integration of an acquired company may also disrupt ongoing operations and require management resources that would otherwise focus on developing our existing business.

We may not identify or complete these transactions in a timely manner, on a cost-effective basis, or at all, and we may not realize the anticipated benefits of any acquisition, license, strategic alliance or joint venture. To finance such a transaction, we may choose to issue our Class A Common Stock as consideration, which would dilute the ownership of our stockholders. If the price of our Class A Common Stock is low or volatile, we may not be able to acquire other companies or fund a joint venture project using our shares as consideration. Alternatively, it may be necessary for us to raise additional funds for acquisitions through public or private financings. Additional funds may not be available on terms that are favorable to us, or at all.

We do not know whether we will be able to successfully integrate any acquired business, product or technology. The success of any given acquisition may depend on our ability to retain any key employees related thereto, and we may not be successful at retaining or integrating such key personnel. Integrating any business, product or technology we acquire could be expensive and time-consuming, disrupt our ongoing business, impact our liquidity, and/or distract our management. Integration may be particularly challenging if we enter into a line of business in which we have limited experience or the business operates in a difficult legal, regulatory or competitive environment. We may find that we do not have adequate operations or expertise to manage the new business.

If we are unable to integrate any acquired businesses, products or technologies effectively, our business may suffer. Whether as a result of unsuccessful integration, unanticipated costs, including those associated with assumed liabilities and indemnification obligations, negative accounting impact, or other factors, we may not realize the economic benefits we anticipate from acquisitions. In addition, any amortization or charges resulting from the costs of acquisitions could increase our expenses.

We have a history of losses and we may not achieve or maintain profitability in the future.

We are a development stage company and have not been profitable since our inception in 2019, accumulating deficits of $177,060,000 and $147,231,000 as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. We incurred net losses to common stockholders of $29,829,000 and $95,255,000 for the 12 months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We expect we will require significant capital in connection with our efforts, and we will be required to continue to make significant investments to further develop and expand our business. In particular, we expect to expend financial and other resources on sales and marketing as part of our strategy to develop and increase product and service sales, as well as on research and development activities regarding our epigenetic technology. In addition, to the extent our business ramps up as we expect, we will need to increase our headcount in the coming years. As a public company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. We expect that our net loss will increase in the near term as we continue to make such investments to grow our business. Despite these investments, we may not succeed in increasing our revenue on the timeline that we expect or in an amount sufficient to lower our net loss and ultimately become profitable. Moreover, if our revenue does not increase, we may not be able to reduce costs in a timely manner because many of our costs are fixed, at least in the short term. In addition, if we reduce variable costs to respond to losses, this may limit our ability to enter into agreements with new customers and grow our revenues. Accordingly, we may not achieve or maintain profitability and we may continue to incur significant losses in the future.

We do not have adequate cash resources to fund our operations beyond the third quarter of 2024 and will require additional capital to commercialize our product and service offerings and grow our business, which may not be available on terms acceptable to us or at all. If we are unable to secure additional funds or enter into a strategic transaction in the short-term, we may be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate our commercialization efforts or cease all operations.

Our present capital is insufficient to meet operating requirements or to cover losses, and therefore we need to raise additional funds through financings to carry out our business plans. Many factors will affect our capital needs as well as their amount and timing, including our growth and profitability as well as market disruptions and other developments. We have taken various actions to bolster our cash position, including raising funds through the private placement transactions, issuing shares of our Class A Common Stock to service providers and in lieu of salary to our non-executive employees, and reducing our employee headcount. Based on our current operating plan, our cash position as of December 31, 2023, and after taking into account the actions described above, we expect to be able to fund our operations through the end of the third quarter of 2024. We will need additional financing or other increase in our cash and cash equivalents balance to enable us to fund our operations beyond the end of the third quarter of 2024.

Historically, we have funded our operations, marketing expenditures and capital expenditures primarily through equity issuances and debt instruments. We evaluate financing opportunities from time-to-time, and our ability to obtain financing will depend, among other things, on our development efforts, business plans and operating performance, and the condition of the capital markets at the time we seek financing. We cannot be certain that additional financing will be available to us on favorable terms, or at all.

If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity, equity-linked or debt securities, our existing stockholders may experience dilution. Any debt financing secured by us in the future could require that a substantial portion of our operating cash flow be devoted to the payment of interest and principal on such indebtedness, which may decrease available funds for other business activities, and could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital-raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities.

Our ability to raise additional funds in the short-term will depend on financial, economic and market conditions and the willingness of potential investors or lenders to provide funding, all of which are outside of our control, and we may be unable to raise financing in the short-term, or on terms favorable to us, or at all. Furthermore, high volatility in the capital markets has had, and could continue to have, a negative impact on the price of our Class A Common Stock and could adversely impact our ability to raise additional funds.

If we are unable to raise sufficient capital or enter into a strategic transaction (such as an acquisition of KR8 AI or another target) in the short-term, we may be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate our commercialization efforts or cease all operations, and our stockholders could lose all or part of their investment in our Company. We would be required to evaluate further alternatives, which could include dissolving and liquidating our assets or seeking protection under the bankruptcy laws. A determination to take any of these actions could occur at a time that is earlier than when we would otherwise exhaust our cash resources. We have no current plans to file for bankruptcy or to liquidate assets.

Our independent registered public accounting firm has included an explanatory paragraph relating to our ability to continue as a going concern in its report on our audited financial statements, which could limit our ability to raise additional capital and thereby materially adversely impact our business.

Our audited financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern. Primarily as a result of our losses, working capital deficit, debt obligations and significant operating costs expected to be incurred in the next twelve months, the report of our independent registered public accounting firm included elsewhere in this Annual Report contain an explanatory paragraph on our financial statements stating there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Such an opinion could materially limit our ability to raise additional funds through the issuance of new debt or equity securities or otherwise. There is no assurance that sufficient financing will be available when needed to allow us to continue as a going concern. The perception that we may not be able to continue as a going concern may also make it more difficult to operate our business due to concerns about our ability to meet our contractual obligations.

If we are unable to secure additional capital or enter into a strategic transaction in the short-term, we may be required to further curtail our business initiatives and take additional measures to reduce costs in order to conserve our cash in amounts sufficient to sustain operations and meet our obligations. These measures could cause a significant reduction in the scope of our planned development, which could harm our business, financial condition and operating results. It is not possible for us to predict at this time the potential success of our business. The revenue and income potential of our business and operations are currently unknown. The accompanying financial statements do not include any adjustments that may be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern.

We may have a limited ability to use some or all of our federal and state tax operating loss carryforwards in the future.

As of December 31, 2023, we had accumulated federal losses for tax purposes of $83,400,000. Of this federal net loss carryforward, $1,600,000 will begin to expire in 2036 and $81,800,000 may be carried forward indefinitely. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had net accumulated state losses for tax purposes of $74,500,000, some of which will begin to expire in 2033. Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and similar state regulations, contain provisions that may limit the loss carryforwards available to be used to offset income in any given year upon the occurrence of certain events, including changes in the ownership interests of significant stockholders. In the event of a cumulative change in ownership in excess of 50% over a three-year period, the amount of the loss carryforwards that the Company may utilize in any one year may be limited. An analysis of the potential limitation has not been completed. Any such limitation, whether as a result of a prior transaction or a transaction in the future, could have a material adverse effect on our future results of operations.

We have not been able to access the operating capital available under the existing agreements, which could prevent us from accessing the capital we need to continue our operations, which could have an adverse effect on our business.

We have generated significant losses to date and expect to continue to incur significant operating losses. To date, our revenue from operations have been insufficient to support our operational activities and has been supplemented by the proceeds from the issuance of securities. There is no guarantee that additional equity, debt or other funding will be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all.

Our ability to direct ClearThink Capital Partners, LLC (“ClearThink”), to purchase up to $5,000,000 of shares of our Class A Common Stock over a 24-month period is not available until we register the stock, which registration will be complete on the date that the registration statement is declared effective. Although stock under the original Strata Purchase Agreement (as defined below) was registered, we have entered into a second Strata Purchase Agreement and stock under that agreement has yet to be registered. We will need additional capital to fully implement our business, operating and development plans. Should the financing we require to sustain our working capital needs be unavailable or prohibitively expensive when we require it, the consequences could be a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects.

Our inability to access any other financing sources, could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We are in default of the Settlement Agreement with Smithline, a continued default of which would have an adverse effect on our business.

Smithline Family Trust II vs. FOXO Technologies Inc. and Jon Sabes

On November 18, 2022, Smithline Family Trust II (“Smithline”) filed a complaint against the Company and Jon Sabes, the Company’s former Chief Executive Officer and a former member of the Company’s board of directors, in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York, Index 0654430/2022. The complaint asserts claims for breach of contract, unjust enrichment and fraud, alleging that (i) the Company breached its obligations to Smithline pursuant to that certain Securities Purchase Agreement, dated January 25, 2021, between FOXO Technologies Operating Company (“Legacy FOXO”) and Smithline, an accompanying 12.5% Original Issue Discount Convertible Debenture, due February 23, 2022, and warrant to purchase shares of FOXO common stock (also referred to as the “Smithline Assumed Warrant”) until February 23, 2024 (collectively, including any amendment or other document entered into in connection therewith, the “Financing Documents”), (ii) the Company and Mr. Sabes were unjustly enriched as a result of their alleged actions and omissions in connection with the Financing Documents, and (iii) the Company and Mr. Sabes made materially false statements or omitted material information in connection with the Financing Documents. The complaint claimed damages in excess of a minimum of $6,206,768 on each of the three causes of action, plus attorneys’ fees and costs.

On November 7, 2023, Smithline and the Company and its subsidiaries entered into a settlement agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”), pursuant to which the parties agreed to resolve and settle all disputes and potential claims which exist or may exist among them, including without limitation those claims asserted in the action, as more specifically set forth in, and subject to the terms and conditions of, the Settlement Agreement. Upon the execution of the Settlement Agreement, the parties agreed to jointly dismiss the action without prejudice.

Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, we agreed to pay Smithline $2,300,000 in cash (the “Cash Settlement Payment”), payable in full no later than the date (the “Settlement Deadline”) that is the 12-month anniversary of the effective date of the Settlement Agreement (such period, the “Settlement Period”). During the Settlement Period, we agreed to pay Smithline out of any equity or equity-linked financing (excluding any convertible debt financing until such convertible debt is converted into equity) following the date of the Settlement Agreement (an “Equity Financing”) a minimum of 25% of the gross proceeds of each Equity Financing within two business days of our receipt of the proceeds from such Equity Financing, and which payment to Smithline would be applied toward the Cash Settlement Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that we receive proceeds from the Strata Purchase Agreement (as defined below) prior to the effective date of the Settlement Agreement, Smithline will be entitled to a minimum of 25% of the gross proceeds thereof, payment of which to Smithline would be applied toward the Cash Settlement Payment.

In addition, we agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to pay $300,000 in cash to Smithline by December 31, 2023 toward the Cash Settlement Payment. In the event that we do not pay, in full, the Cash Settlement Payment prior to the Settlement Deadline, Smithline will be entitled to retain all proceeds received pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, the Mutual Release (as defined below) will be returned to their respective parties, and Smithline may pursue any claims against, among others, the Company.

In addition, the parties agreed that prior to Smithline receiving $300,000 in cash from us toward the Cash Settlement Payment, we may not file any resale registration statements and any amendments or supplements thereto without Smithline’s written consent, except for those that cover the resale of shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock currently issued or issuable to Mitchell Silberberg & Knupp LLP (“MSK”), Joseph Gunnar & Co., LLC (“Gunnar”) or under the Strata Purchase Agreement dated October 13, 2023 by and between the Company and ClearThink, as supplemented by that certain Supplement to Strata Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 13, 2023, by and between the Company and ClearThink (the “Strata Purchase Agreement”).

In addition, the parties agreed that after Smithline has received $300,000 in cash from us, in the event we register for resale shares of our Class A Common Stock which are not issued or issuable as of the effective date of the Settlement Agreement, for a selling stockholder other than under the Strata Purchase Agreement, during of the then outstanding shares of Common Stock after giving effect to such issuance (such shares, the “Settlement Shares”) at the closing price of the Company’s Class A Common Stock immediately prior to their issuance, subject to the authorization of NYSE American if our Class A Common Stock is then traded on such exchange, which Settlement Shares will be included for resale in such registration statement, provided, however, that the amount of Settlement Shares, if any, when aggregated with other Settlement Shares, if any, will be reduced to ensure that such aggregate amount will not exceed 19.9% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock as of the date of issuance (subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations, and other similar transactions that occur after the date of the Settlement Agreement). Any net proceeds (after taking into account all brokerage, transfer agent, legal and other expenses incurred in connection with the sale of the Settlement Shares, if any) received by Smithline on the sale of the Settlement Shares, if any, will be credited against the Cash Settlement Payment.

On May 28, 2024, we entered into an Exchange Agreement with Smithline pursuant to which Smithline exchanged the Smithline Assumed Warrant for the right to receive up to 8,370,000 shares of Class A Common Stock (the “Rights Shares”), subject to a 4.99% beneficial ownership limitation and issued without any restrictive legends. The total number of Rights Shares that may be issued under the agreement, will be limited to 19.99% of our outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock, unless stockholder approval is obtained to issue more than 19.99% Upon the execution of the agreement and receipt of all of the Rights Shares, the Smithline Assumed Warrant, and all associated rights thereunder will be terminated.

We are currently in default of the Settlement Agreement due to the failure to pay $300,000 by December 31, 2023 and are currently in negotiations with Smithline on a resolution as entering into the Exchange Agreement did not result in a waiver of default of the Settlement Agreement. The failure to come to an agreeable resolution with Smithline would have a material adverse effect on the Company. For more information, see “Item 3. Legal Proceedings - Smithline Family Trust II vs. FOXO Technologies Inc. and Jon Sabes.”

We may not have sufficient funds to satisfy indemnification claims of our current and former directors and executive officers.

We have agreed to indemnify our executive officers and directors to the fullest extent permitted by law. In addition, our organizational documents provide that we will indemnify our directors and officers, in each case to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law.

In addition, as permitted by Section 145 of the DGCL, our Bylaws and indemnifications agreements entered into with our directors and officers provide that:

Any amounts paid as a result of claims for indemnification by our current and former directors and officers will reduce the amount of money available to us and may materially adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We have intangible assets, and we have been, and may in the future be required to write down the value of our intangible assets due to impairment, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

As of December 31, 2023, our intangible assets consisted of a Methylation pipeline with a net book value of $378,000. We test the carrying value of intangible assets for impairment at least annually and whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Events and conditions that could result in impairment in the value of our intangible assets include, but are not limited to, decisions to exit certain lines of business, significant negative industry or economic trends, significant decline in our stock price for a sustained period of time, significant decline in market capitalization relative to net book value, limited funding that could delay development efforts, and significant changes in the manner of use of the assets or the strategy for our overall business. The estimates and assumptions about future results of operations and cash flows made in connection with the impairment testing could differ from future actual results of operations and cash flows. Any resulting impairment charge, although non-cash, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our historical financial results include asset impairment charges. For example, during the 12 months ended December 31, 2023, we determined that the cash flows would no longer support the digital insurance platform, underwriting API, and longevity API and recognized impairment losses of $2,633,000. Future asset impairment charges could arise as a result of changes in our business strategy or changes in the intention to use certain assets. Any resulting impairment charge, although non-cash, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Recent and future management changes and any inability to attract and retain qualified management and other key personnel, could impair our ability to implement our business plan and materially adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We have experienced a number of recent changes to our senior management team, including the resignations of Robert Potashnick, our former Chief Financial Officer, Tyler Danielson, our former Interim Chief Executive Officer and Chief Technology Officer, and Brian Chen, our former Chief Science Officer, which may create significant continuity risks and challenges to our ability to operate our business, assess and manage risks and comply with applicable laws. The Board appointed Mark White to the Board to serve as a director and Interim Chief Executive Officer of the Company and Martin Ward to serve as Interim Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each effective as of September 19, 2023. Effective as of January 23, 2024, the Board appointed Francis Colt deWolf to serve as an independent director and audit, compensation, and nominating and corporate governance committee member. In addition to their roles with the Company, Mr. White is the President of KR8 AI, a company in the development stage that uses AI and machine learning to develop products and tools for content creators, and Mr. Ward is KR8 AI’s Chief Financial Officer.

We believe that our future success is highly dependent on the efforts of Messrs. White and Ward. At present, we do not maintain key-man life insurance policies for either of them or for any other key personnel. As discussed above, we are in the process of evaluating whether KR8 AI is a suitable acquisition candidate as part of our exploration of strategic alternatives, including mergers and acquisitions. If we fail to consummate an acquisition transaction with KR8 AI, we may lose the services of Messrs. White and Ward. Changes in our senior management and uncertainty regarding any future changes may disrupt our operations, impact partner relationships, and impair our ability to recruit and retain other needed personnel. Any such disruption or impairment could have an adverse effect on our business.

If Messrs. White and Ward and other key personnel were to depart, it would be important that we attract and retain qualified managers promptly and develop and implement an effective succession plan. We would expect to face significant competition in attracting experienced executives and other key personnel, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to do so. Depending on the circumstances of any future management departures, it is also possible that we will be required to pay significant severance, adversely impacting our financial condition. Our urgent need to raise capital and engage with potential partners in strategic transactions magnify these risks. If we are unable to adequately address these concerns in the near term and earn the confidence of potential investors and/or business partners, our prospects and financial condition would be adversely impacted.

Our future success depends in large part on the continued participation in the business of Mark White, our Interim Chief Executive Officer, which cannot be ensured or guaranteed.

Mark White is our Interim Chief Executive Officer. Mr. White will be instrumental in shaping our vision, strategic direction and execution priorities. There can be no assurance that Mr. White will continue to work for us. Mr. White’s departure from service with the Company could materially adversely impact our business.

Our business significantly depends upon the strength of our brands, and if we are not able to develop, maintain and enhance our brands, our ability to develop and expand our customer base may be adversely impacted and our business and operating results may be harmed.

We believe that the brand identity we are developing (encompassing multiple brands) will significantly contribute to the success of our business. Developing, maintaining, and enhancing our brands may require us to make substantial investments and these investments may not be successful. If we fail to develop, maintain or enhance our brands, or if we incur excessive expenses in this effort, our business, operating results and financial condition may be materially adversely impacted. Many of our competitors have brands that are well recognized. As a relatively new entrant into the markets in which we operate, we will likely spend considerable money and other resources to create brand awareness and build our reputation. We anticipate that, as our market becomes increasingly competitive, maintaining and enhancing our brands may become increasingly difficult and expensive.

We may not be able to build brand awareness, and our efforts at building, maintaining and enhancing our reputation could fail. Complaints or negative publicity about our business practices, our marketing and advertising campaigns, our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, the integrity of the data that we provide to consumers or business partners, data privacy and security issues, and other aspects of our business, whether valid or not, could diminish confidence in our brands, which could adversely impact our reputation and business. Our management team could be subject to negative publicity that could interfere with our ability to successfully establish its brand or impact our ability to compete for business or attract and retain customers.

As we commercialize and expand our product offerings and enter new markets, we need to establish our reputation with customers, and to the extent that we are not successful in creating positive impressions, our business could be adversely impacted. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop, maintain or enhance our reputation, and failure to do so could materially adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition. If we are unable to develop, maintain or enhance consumer awareness of our brands in a cost-effective manner, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely impacted.

Former or current members of our management team or the Board may, from time to time, be associated with negative media coverage or become involved in legal or regulatory proceedings or investigations unrelated to our business.

Former or current members of our management team or the Board have been involved in a wide variety of businesses, including transactions, such as sales and purchases of businesses, and ongoing operations. As a result of such involvement, former or current members of our management team or the Board may from time to time be associated with negative media coverage or become involved in legal or regulatory proceedings or investigations unrelated to our business. Any negative media coverage, regulatory proceedings or investigations related to our management team or the Board may be detrimental to the reputation of our management team or the Board or result in other negative consequences or damages, which could cause a material adverse impact on our business and the stock price of our Company.

Development of new products and services will require substantial resources, and we cannot guarantee that we will have the resources or ability to continue such development.

Developing new products and services requires substantial technical, financial and human resources, whether or not any products or services are ultimately commercialized. We may pursue what we believe is a promising opportunity only to discover that certain of its risk or resource allocation decisions were incorrect or insufficient, or that individual products, services or its science in general has technology limitations or risks that were previously unknown or underappreciated. In the event material decisions in any of these areas turn out to be incorrect or sub-optimal, we may experience a material adverse impact on our business and ability to fund our operations.

Our success depends, in large part, on our ability to commercialize our technology enabled products and services with a high level of service at a competitive price, achieve sufficient sales volume to realize economies of scale, and create innovative new products and services to offer to our customers. Our failure to achieve any of these outcomes would adversely impact our business.

Our success depends, in large part, on our ability to extend our technology enabled products and services to market with a high level of service at a competitive price, achieve sufficient sales volume to realize economies of scale, and create innovative new products and services to offer to our customers. The growth and expansion of our business and service offerings, once such offerings are commercialized, is expected to place a continuous significant strain on our management, operational and financial resources. To effectively manage our growth following development and commercialization of our products and services, we must continue to implement and improve our operational, financial and management information systems and to expand, train and manage our employee base. In the event of further growth of our operations or in the number of our third-party relationships, our supply, systems, procedures or internal controls may not be adequate to support our operations and our management may not be able to manage any such growth effectively.

Even if we are able to successfully scale our infrastructure and operations, we cannot ensure that demand for our products and services will increase at levels consistent with the growth of our infrastructure. If we fail to generate demand commensurate with this growth or if we fail to scale our infrastructure sufficiently in advance to meet such demand, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely impacted.

We have limited experience commercializing our products or technology, which makes it difficult to evaluate our prospects and predict our products’ future performance.

Our operations historically have been focused on developing and commercializing our technologies and products. The performance of our market tests may not be indicative of the performance our customers experience following commercial launch, and we may need to make modifications to improve our products. There can be no assurance that we will be able to timely achieve market acceptance for our technologies and products in the future. We have limited experience developing our products and technology for commercial use, conducting sales and marketing activities at scale and managing customer support at the commercial level. Consequently, predictions about our future success or viability are highly uncertain and hard to predict as a result of our limited operating history, the development stage of our products and our limited history commercializing our technologies or products. Our prospects must be considered in light of the uncertainties, risks, expenses, and difficulties frequently encountered by companies in their early stages of operations.

We expect our revenue and results of operations to fluctuate on a quarterly and annual basis.

Our revenue and results of operations could vary significantly from period-to-period and may fail to match expectations as a result of a variety of factors, some of which are outside of our control. Among other factors, our revenue and results may vary as a result of fluctuations in the number of customers purchasing our products/services, research and development expenditures, and/or the timing and amount of our expenses. Fluctuations and variability across the industry may affect our revenue and results of operations. As a result of the potential variations in our revenue and results of operations, period-to-period comparisons may not be meaningful and the results of any one period should not be relied on as an indication of future performance. In addition, our results of operations may not meet the expectations of investors or public market analysts who follow our Company, which may adversely impact our stock price.

Covenants in our indebtedness could limit our flexibility and adversely affect our financial condition.

Our outstanding indebtedness contains several restrictive covenants, including that we cannot, without the prior written consent of 50.01% of the holders of our 15% Senior Promissory Notes (the “Senior PIK Notes”), create or incur any other indebtedness, with the exception of certain exempt issuances, including but not limited to issuances of our Class A Common Stock or “Common Stock Equivalents” in connection with a “Private Placement” or “Public Financing.” If any of our covenants are breached and not cured within applicable cure periods, the breach could result in acceleration of our indebtedness and penalties. Limitations on our ability to incur new indebtedness under the terms of our debt securities may limit the amount of new investments we make.

The Senior PIK Notes matured on April 1, 2024 and accrue interest at an annual interest rate of 15%, commencing on the issuance date, compounded quarterly on each December 20, March 20, June 20 and September 20 until the maturity date and on the maturity date itself (each, an “Interest Payment Due Date”). Interest is payable by increasing the principal amount of the Senior PIK Notes (with such increased amount accruing interest as well) on each Interest Payment Due Date (“PIK Interest”). Monthly payments on the outstanding principal amount of the Senior PIK Notes, as such amount may be increased as the result of the payment of PIK Interest, commenced on November 1, 2023, until the principal balance has been paid in full on the maturity date, or, if earlier, upon acceleration, or prepayment of the Senior PIK Notes in accordance with the Senior PIK Notes terms.

We are currently in default of our Senior PIK Notes.

The Senior PIK Notes matured on April 1, 2024. Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default (as defined in the Senior PIK Notes), the holder may at any time thereafter exercise any one or more of the following rights, powers, and remedies:

Although we are currently in negotiations with the holders 50.01% of the Senior PIK Notes, there is no assurance that we can come to any agreement that would result in a waiver of the default. If we are unable to come to an agreement with the Senior PIK Notes that results in a waiver of default, the consequences will have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity and the market price of our Class A Common Stock.

The Smithline Assumed Warrants have anti-dilution rights that could be triggered as part of future financings.

If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity, equity-linked or debt securities, with the exception of certain exempt issuances, with an exercise price lower than the current exercise price, the anti-dilution protection provisions in the Smithline Assumed Warrants will be triggered. Specifically, the exercise price and number of warrant shares of the Smithline Assumed Warrants will be adjusted to reflect such lower issuance price as the new equity is sold and the number of shares issuable under the Smithline Assumed Warrant will be increased such that the aggregate exercise price after the lower price adjustment shall be equal to the aggregate exercise price prior to adjustment. This anti-dilution adjustment will have a dilutive effect on our equity and may hamper its ability to complete future financings.

Our success and the growth of our business will depend on our ability to effectively and in a cost-feasible manner acquire, maintain, and engage with our targeted customers. If we fail to acquire, maintain, and engage customers, our business, revenue, operating results, and financial condition will be adversely impacted.

As a company with limited revenues, we anticipate that sales and marketing expenses may require significant investment. We cannot guarantee, however, that our investments in sales and marketing will effectively reach potential customers, potential customers will decide to buy our products or services, or that customer spend for our products and services will yield the intended return on investment.

In addition, many factors, some of which are beyond our control, may reduce our ability to acquire, maintain and engage with customers, including the following:

Our inability to overcome these challenges could adversely impact our ability to attract and add new customers, as well as retain existing customers, once obtained, and could have an adverse effect on our business, revenue, operating results and financial condition. Further, if our customer base does not grow, we may be required to incur significantly higher marketing expenses than we currently anticipate in order to attract new customers. A significant decline in our customer base could have a materially adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Security incidents or real or perceived errors, failures, or bugs in our systems or websites could adversely impact our operations, result in loss of personal customer information, damage our reputation and brand, and harm our business and operating results.

Our success will be dependent on our systems, applications, and software operating and meeting the changing needs of our customers and users. We will rely on our technology and vendors to successfully implement changes to and maintain our systems and services in an efficient and secure manner. Like all information systems and technology, our websites may contain material errors, failures, vulnerabilities or bugs, particularly when new features or capabilities are released, and may be subject to computer viruses or malicious code, break-ins, phishing impersonation attacks, attempts to overload our servers with denial-of-service or other attacks, ransomware and similar incidents or disruptions from unauthorized use of our computer systems, as well as unintentional incidents causing data leakage, any of which could lead to interruptions, delays or website or online app shutdowns, or could cause loss of critical data, or the unauthorized disclosure, access, acquisition, alteration or use of personal or other confidential information.

If we experience compromises to our security that result in technology performance, integrity, or availability problems, the complete shutdown of our websites or the loss or unauthorized disclosure, access, acquisition, alteration or use of confidential information, customers or potential customers may lose trust and confidence in us, and may decrease the use of our systems or websites, or stop using our systems or websites entirely. Further, outside parties may attempt to fraudulently induce employees or customers to disclose sensitive information in order to gain access to our information, including customer information. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently, they are often not recognized until launched against a target, and may originate from less regulated and remote areas around the world, we may be unable to proactively address these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. Even if we take steps that we believe are adequate to protect us from cyber threats, hacking against our competitors or other companies could create the perception among our customers or potential customers that our systems or websites are not safe to use.

A significant impact on the performance, reliability, security, and availability of our systems, software, or services may harm our reputation, impair our ability to operate, retain customers or attract new customers for our brands, and expose us to legal claims and government action, each of which could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Changes in general economic conditions could have a material adverse impact on our business.

Changes in general economic conditions, including, for example, interest rates, investor sentiment, changes specifically affecting the biotechnology industry, competition, technological developments, political and diplomatic events, tax laws, and other factors not known to us today, could substantially and materially adversely impact our business. For example, changes in interest rates may increase our cost of capital and ability to raise capital and have a corresponding adverse impact on our operating results. While we may engage in certain hedging activities to mitigate the impact of these changes, none of these conditions are or will be within our control. Changes in general economic conditions may also negatively impact demand for our products and services.

We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. If we fail to develop and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results in a timely manner, which may adversely affect investor confidence in the Company.

A material weakness is a deficiency or combination of deficiencies in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of a company’s financial statements would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. These deficiencies could result in additional material misstatements to its financial statements that could not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. As of the year ended December 31, 2023, we have identified un-remediated material weaknesses in connection with our (i) entity-level controls (ii) accounting personnel resources with the necessary levels of accounting expertise and (iii) segregation of duties. This resulted from a lack of necessary business processes, internal controls, record retention policy, and adequate number of qualified personnel within our accounting function.

The material weaknesses will not be considered remediated until management designs and implements effective controls that operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are effective.

We cannot assure you that the measures will be sufficient to avoid potential future material weaknesses. Accordingly, there could continue to be a possibility that a material misstatement of our financial statements would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

If we are unable to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures, the accuracy and timing of our financial reporting may be adversely affected.

We are required to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which requires management assessments of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. Prior to our Business Combination, although we had effective internal controls and procedures, we were a private company with limited accounting and finance personnel, review processes and other resources with which to address our internal controls and procedures.

Based on the evaluation of our internal controls over financial reporting, we concluded that such controls were not effective as of December 31, 2023. In addition, based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2023, we concluded such controls were not effective.

We can give no assurance that we will be able to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures, or that no “material weaknesses” in our internal control over financial reporting will be identified in the future. If we encounter “material weaknesses” in our internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis, it could lead to errors in our financial statements that could result in a restatement of our financial statements and cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. Further, If we are unable to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures, our ability to record, process and report financial information accurately and to prepare financial statements within required time periods could be adversely affected, which could subject us to litigation or investigations requiring management resources and payment of legal and other expenses, negatively affect investor confidence in our financial statements, restrict access to capital markets and adversely impact our stock price.

We may expand operations abroad where we have limited operating experience and where we may be subject to increased regulatory risks and local competition. If we are unsuccessful in efforts to expand internationally, our business may be harmed.

Regulations exist or are under consideration in countries outside the United States, which limit or prevent the sale of direct-to-consumer genetic tests. Some countries, including Australia, require premarket review by their regulatory body similar to that required in the United States by the FDA. Some countries, including Australia, Germany, France and Switzerland, require a physician prescription for genetic tests providing health information, thus limiting our offering in those countries to an ancestry-only test. Other countries require mandatory genetic counseling prior to genetic testing. If similar prohibitions were enacted with respect to epigenetic testing, or the scope of the aforementioned regulations were expanded to include epigenetics, it could limit the available market for our products and services and increase the costs associated with marketing the products and services where we are able to offer our products.

We may expand our business internationally, which will subject us to additional laws and regulatory standards.

Legal developments in the European Union (the “EU”) have created a range of new compliance obligations regarding transfers of personal data from the European Union to the United States, including the General Data Protection Regulation (the “GDPR”) and UK GDPR, which may apply to certain of our activities related to services or products that we offer or may offer to individuals located in the EU. Significant effort and expense will be required to ensure compliance with the GDPR and UK GDPR, and could cause us to change our business practices. Moreover, requirements under the GDPR and UK GDPR may change periodically or may be modified by the EU or the UK and/or the laws of one or more countries. The GDPR and UK GDPR impose stringent compliance obligations regarding the handling of personal data and have resulted in the issuance of significant financial penalties for noncompliance, including possible fines of up to 4% of global annual turnover for the preceding financial year or €20 million/£17.5 million (whichever is higher) for the most serious violations.

We may also need to achieve and maintain International Standards Organization (or ISO) certification of our future Quality Management Systems. If we are not able to achieve or maintain regulatory compliance, we may not be permitted to market our products and/or may be subject to enforcement by EU Competent Authorities, bodies with authority to act on behalf of the government of the applicable EU Member State, or other nations which adopt similar standards, to ensure that the requirements of the directive or regulation are met.

If we fail to comply with any applicable laws and regulations, we may not be able to expand internationally or could become subject to enforcement actions or the imposition of significant monetary fines, other penalties, or claims, which could harm our ability to conduct our business and could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are exposed to risks related to litigation and other legal proceedings.

We operate in a highly regulated and litigious environment. We have and may become involved in legal proceedings, including litigation, arbitration and other claims, and investigations, inspections, audits, claims, inquiries and similar actions by insurance, tax and other governmental authorities.

Legal proceedings, in general, and securities, derivative action and class action and multi-district litigation, in particular, can be expensive and disruptive. Some of these suits may purport or may be determined to be class actions and/or involve parties seeking large and/or indeterminate amounts, including punitive or exemplary damages, and may remain unresolved for several years.

We are subject to extensive regulation by national, state and local government agencies in the United States, as well as in other countries in which we may operate. There continues to be a heightened level of review and/or audit by regulatory authorities of, and increased litigation regarding, our related industry’s business, compliance and reporting practices. As a result, we are and may be the subject of government actions of the types described above.

We cannot predict with certainty the outcomes of any legal proceedings and other contingencies, and the costs incurred in litigation can be substantial, regardless of the outcome. Substantial unanticipated verdicts, fines and rulings do sometimes occur. As a result, we could from time to time incur judgments, enter into settlements or revise our expectations regarding the outcome of certain matters, and such developments could harm our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in the period in which the amounts are accrued and/or our cash flows in the period in which the amounts are paid. In addition, as a result of governmental investigations or proceedings, we may be subject to damages, civil or criminal fines or penalties, or other sanctions. The outcome of some of these legal proceedings and other contingencies could require us to take, or refrain from taking, actions which could negatively affect our operations. Additionally, defending against these lawsuits and proceedings may involve significant expense and diversion of management’s attention and resources.

We have been subject to regulatory and other government or regulatory investigations or inquiries under national, regional and local laws, as amended from time to time, and may be required to comply with data requests, or requests for information by government authorities and regulators in the United States or other jurisdictions in which we operate and any resulting enforcement action could have a materially adverse effect on us. 

As a publicly trading reporting company with operations in the United States, we interact regularly with regulatory and self-regulatory agencies, including the SEC and the NYSE American. We have been and may in the future be the subject of SEC and other regulatory investigations or inquiries and may be required to comply with informal or formal orders or other requests for information or documentation from such government authorities and regulators regarding our compliance with national, regional and local laws and regulations, including the rules and regulations under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act. Such laws and regulations and their interpretation and applications may also change from time to time. Responding to requests for information from regulators in connection with any such investigations or inquiries could have a materially adverse effect on our business through, among other things, significantly increased legal fees and the time and attention required of our management and employees to be diverted from our normal business operations and growth plans. Moreover, if a regulator were to initiate an enforcement action against us, such any action could further consume our resources, require us to change our business practices and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Risks Related to Our Epigenetic Testing Services

We intend to provide consumer engagement through our health and wellness offerings; however, competition in the personal health and wellness testing market continues to increase and presents a threat to the success of our business.

The number of companies entering the personal health and wellness testing market with offerings similar to those that we provide through our health and wellness testing offerings continues to increase. We believe that our ability to offer consumer engagement services that add value to consumers depends upon many factors both within and beyond our control, including the following:

We anticipate we will also face competition from other companies attempting to capitalize on the same, or similar, opportunities as we are, including from existing diagnostic, laboratory services and other companies entering the personal health and wellness testing market with new offerings such as direct access and/or consumer self-pay tests and interpretation services. Some of our current and potential competitors have longer operating histories and greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we do. These factors may allow our competitors to respond more quickly or efficiently than we can to new or emerging technologies. These competitors may engage in more extensive research and development efforts, undertake more far-reaching marketing campaigns and adopt more aggressive pricing policies, which may allow them to build larger customer bases than we have. Our competitors may develop products or services that are similar to our products and services or that achieve greater market acceptance than our products and services. This could attract customers away from our services and reduce our market share.

We rely on a limited number of critical third-party suppliers for our epigenetic testing services and in the event we are unable to procure our materials or services, we may not be able to find suitable replacements or immediately transition to alternative suppliers, which will have an adverse impact on our business.

We rely on a limited number of critical third-party suppliers for our epigenetic testing, including: (1) the maker of our kit for the collection of our customers’ saliva; (2) a provider of microarrays; and (3) providers of array processing and wet-lab services to deliver the raw epigenetic data to us. Our suppliers could cease supplying these materials, equipment and/or services at any time, or fail to provide us with sufficient quantities of materials/services or materials/services that meet our specifications, or significantly increase the costs of providing the materials or services to us. Our operations could be interrupted if we encounter delays or difficulties in securing these materials or services, or if we cannot locate an acceptable substitute. Any such interruption could significantly impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and reputation.

Our products and services face substantial competition, which may result in others discovering, developing or commercializing products and services that are similar to ours, before or more successfully than we can.

We have not yet fully developed and commercialized, and may never successfully develop or commercialize, some of our product and service offerings, such as our saliva-based epigenetic underwriting technology for the insurance market. Moreover, our business faces substantial competition from larger, more established companies with products and services that have already been accepted by the industries in which we seek to operate and may impair our ability to compete and to commercialize our products and services.

We recognize that other companies, including larger health and wellness and biotechnology companies, may be developing or have plans to develop products and services that may compete with ours. Many of our competitors have substantially greater financial, technical, and human resources than we have. In addition, many of our competitors have significantly greater experience than we have in researching and developing, marketing, and commercializing products and services similar to ours. Our competitors may discover, develop or commercialize products and services that are more effective, safer or less costly than any products or services that we are developing. Our competitors may also obtain regulatory approval for their products and services more rapidly than we may obtain approval for our testing services.

We anticipate that competition with our products and testing services will be based on a number of factors, including product efficacy, accuracy, availability and price. Our competitive position will also depend upon our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel, to obtain patent protection or otherwise develop and maintain proprietary products or processes, protect our intellectual property including our trade secrets, and to secure sufficient capital resources to support the development and commercialization of our products and services.

We or our partners (or both) may now or in the future be subject to laws and regulations relating to laboratory testing, which could materially adversely impact our ability to offer our products or services.

The clinical laboratory testing sector is highly regulated in the United States. Both us and our partners may now, or in the future, be subject to regulation under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (“CLIA”), or similar state laboratory licensure laws. CLIA is a federal law (administered by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, or CMS) that, in partnership with the states, regulates clinical laboratories that perform testing on specimens derived from humans for the purpose of providing information for the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of disease or impairment of, or assessment of the health of, human beings. CLIA regulations require clinical laboratories to obtain a certificate commensurate with the type of testing being performed and mandate specific standards in areas including personnel qualifications, administration, participation in proficiency testing, patient test management and quality assurance. CLIA certificates must be renewed every two years, and renewal requires undergoing survey and inspection. CLIA and/or state inspectors may conduct random inspections or conduct inspections as a result of a complaint or reported incident.

DNA methylation profiling of consumer specimens will be performed by our wet-laboratory partners. The failure of our laboratory partners to hold CLIA certification or accreditation appropriate to the type of testing they perform, or to comply with CLIA regulations or applicable state licensure requirements could result in adverse regulatory action that, if not timely corrected, could result in us being unable to continue using their services, which could adversely affect our business. Similarly, if our laboratory partners do not hold state permits or licenses in those states that require them, it may limit our ability to offer our products and services on a national basis.

Because we do not directly analyze human specimens in our facilities, but instead perform only data analysis or “dry lab” services, we believe that our bioinformatics and analytic activities are not subject to CLIA. It is possible that, in the future, CLIA may apply to our activities, which could result in us being unable to offer our services or could require additional expenditures to obtain certification, both of which could materially adversely impact our business. We could face similar adverse impacts if a state regulator were to conclude that our bioinformatics activities were subject to state laboratory licensure. Similar adverse consequences could result if CLIA or state regulators disagree with our laboratory partners’ interpretation of CLIA or our applicability to their testing services.

Our product and service offerings may now or in the future be subject to laws and regulations relating to laboratory developed tests and software, which could materially adversely impact our business.

The FDC Act gives the FDA, the authority to regulate manufacturers of medical devices, which are defined to include, among other requirements, in vitro diagnostic (“IVD”) products (e.g., laboratory instruments, reagents, and collection devices) and software that are intended for use in the diagnosis, treatment, cure, mitigation or prevention of diseases or conditions, including, without limitation, the presence of biomarkers. Medical devices are subject to a variety of regulatory requirements based on their level of risk, including in some cases premarket review and authorization. The FDA enforces its requirements by market surveillance and periodic inspections. The FDA may take a variety of actions in response to violations of the FDC Act and implementing regulations, including, but not limited to, cease and desist orders, injunctions, civil monetary penalties, operating restrictions, or shutdown of production facilities.

The FDA has historically taken the position that laboratory tests developed in-house by a clinical laboratory, sometimes referred to as laboratory developed tests (“LDTs”), are subject to regulation as in vitro diagnostic devices. However, the FDA has generally exercised enforcement discretion (i.e., has exercised discretion not to enforce its requirements) with respect to LDTs. Certain types of LDTs have historically not been subject to enforcement discretion, including LDTs for the COVID-19 pandemic and LDTs offered directly to consumers without a health care provider’s order. Legislative proposals introduced in Congress in 2021 seek to codify or, alternatively, eliminate, FDA authority to regulate LDTs.

The FDA also takes the position that stand-alone software that meets the definition of a medical device, known as SaMD, is subject to FDA regulation. Certain categories of medical software, including certain health and wellness software, have been exempted from FDA regulation under the FDC Act. Similarly, the FDA has exercised enforcement discretion with respect to certain types of low risk software products, including those intended to help patients manage chronic conditions.

Our products and services include epigenetic analysis of laboratory-generated DNA methylation data using our proprietary bioinformatics and machine learning technology. We believe that our current products and services are not subject to FDA regulation. First, we believe our products and services (such as those intended to inform underwriting decisions) do not meet the definition of a “medical device.” Second, to the extent our products and services incorporate software that is intended solely for health and wellness purposes, we believe such software meets the definition of exempt medical software under the FDC Act, as amended by the 21^st Century Cures Act, enacted in 2016. Furthermore, even if elements of our products and services could be construed to be subject to FDA oversight, we believe that such elements would be subject to FDA enforcement discretion to the extent that we use such elements to provide general health and wellness and non-disease-specific information to customers that includes disclaimers and caveats that the information is not intended for medical purposes and poses low risk to consumers.

There can be no guarantee that the FDA will now, or in the future, agree with our position. Should the FDA determine that our products and services are subject to FDA regulation, our operations could be adversely affected. If FDA premarket review or approval were required, we could be forced to stop selling our products or services or be required to modify claims or make other changes while we work to obtain FDA clearance, approval or de novo classification. Our business, results of operations and financial condition would be negatively affected until such reviews were completed and clearance, approval or de novo classification to market were obtained or the costs of continuing to operate our business could increase materially.

We have not been successful in establishing or maintaining the relationships necessary to execute on our prior business plans, which could have a material adverse impact on our ability to generate revenue and our financial condition; however, we have shifted our strategic focus away from selling life insurance products and concentrating efforts on our Bioinformatics Services offering as we explore various strategic alternatives.

Prior to our decision to pause sales of new life insurance products to conserve cash resources and focus existing resources on our Bioinformatics Services, as we explore various strategic alternatives, our sales and distribution efforts historically focused on independent agent distribution channels. Independent agent distribution channels include independent marketing organizations, broker general agencies and smaller general agencies. In order to serve the broadest range of customers and agents, we established a managing general agency relationship with multiple domestic carrier partners, in order for us to expand the use of our products and services in connection with a full suite of life insurance products (term life insurance, universal life insurance, variable universal life insurance, indexed universal life insurance, whole life insurance, etc.), which we call the “MGA Model.” We believed the MGA Model would appeal to domestic carrier partners who are seeking to expand the distribution of their products through independent agent distribution channels and who are seeking a differentiated product offering by combining their own policies with our health and wellness offerings, as well as replacing blood and urine specimen for life insurance products that are subject to medical underwriting protocols with our saliva-based underwriting protocol.

We have been unable to develop or maintain the relationships necessary to sustain the MGA Model; as a result, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely impacted. On October 2, 2023, we decided to pause sales of new life insurance products and move existing producers out of the MGA Model hierarchy to further conserve cash resources and focus resources on FOXO Labs, particularly on our Bioinformatics Services. If we decide to resume the MGA Model in the future, our success would depend on our ability to demonstrate the value of our products and services to consumers, insurance agents, and carriers.

As part of our business, we may collect, process, store, share, disclose and use customer information and other data, and our actual or perceived failure to protect such information and data, respect customer privacy or comply with data privacy and security laws and regulations could damage our reputation and brand and harm our business and operating results.

We may receive and store personally identifiable information, epigenetic information, and other data relating to our customers, as well as other personally identifiable information and other data relating to individuals such as our employees. Security breaches, employee malfeasance, or human or technological error could lead to potential unauthorized disclosure of our customers’ personal information. Even the perception that the privacy of personal information is not satisfactorily protected or does not meet regulatory requirements could inhibit sales of our solutions and any failure to comply with such laws and regulations could lead to significant fines, penalties or other liabilities.

A security compromise of our information systems or of those of businesses with whom we interact that results in confidential information being accessed by unauthorized or improper persons could harm our reputation and expose us to regulatory actions, customer attrition, remediation expenses, disruption of our business, and claims brought by our customers or others for breaching contractual confidentiality and security provisions or data protection laws.

Monetary damages imposed on us could be significant and not covered by our liability insurance. Techniques used by bad actors to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems evolve frequently and may not immediately produce signs of intrusion, and we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. In addition, a security breach could require us to expend substantial additional resources related to the security of our information systems and provide required breach notifications and remediation, diverting resources from other projects and disrupting our businesses. If we experience a data security breach, our reputation could be damaged and we could be subject to additional litigation, regulatory risks and business losses.

Numerous local, municipal, state, federal, and international laws and regulations address privacy and the collection, storing, sharing, use, disclosure, and protection of certain types of data, including the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act, the Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991, or the TCPA, Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act, and effective as of January 1, 2020, the California Consumer Privacy Act (the “CCPA”). These laws, rules, and regulations evolve frequently and their scope may continually change, through new legislation, amendments to existing legislation, and changes in enforcement, and may be inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another. For example, the CCPA, which went into effect on January 1, 2020, requires, among other things, new disclosures to California consumers and affords such consumers new abilities to opt out of certain sales of personal information. The CCPA provides for fines of up to $7,500 per violation. Aspects of the CCPA and its interpretation and enforcement remain uncertain. The effects of this legislation are potentially far-reaching and may require FOXO to modify its data processing practices and policies and incur substantial compliance-related costs and expenses. The CCPA has been amended on multiple occasions. For example, the California Privacy Rights Act (or CPRA) recently was approved by California voters and significantly modifies the CCPA, potentially resulting in further uncertainty and requiring FOXO to incur additional costs and expenses in an effort to comply. The CPRA became operative on January 1, 2023 (and applies only to consumer data collected on or after January 1, 2022, with enforcement beginning July 1, 2023). While the CCPA will remain operative and enforceable from now until July 1, 2023, we will continue to monitor developments related to the CPRA. The effects of this legislation are potentially far-reaching and may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and incur substantial compliance-related costs and expenses. Additionally, many laws and regulations relating to privacy and the collection, storing, sharing, use, disclosure, and protection of certain types of data are subject to varying degrees of enforcement and new and changing interpretations by courts. The CCPA and other changes in laws or regulations relating to privacy, data protection, breach notifications, and information security, particularly any new or modified laws or regulations, or changes to the interpretation or enforcement of such laws or regulations, which require enhanced protection of certain types of data or new obligations with regard to data retention, transfer, or disclosure, could greatly increase the cost of providing our products and services, require significant changes to our operations, or even prevent us from providing our products and services in jurisdictions in which we currently operate and in which we may operate in the future.

We may also be required to comply with increasingly complex and changing data security and privacy regulations in the UK, the EU and in other jurisdictions in which we plan to conduct business that regulate the collection, use and transfer of personal data, including the transfer of personal data between or among countries. For example, the EU’s GDPR, now also enacted in the UK as the UK GDPR, has imposed stringent compliance obligations regarding the handling of personal data and has resulted in the issuance of significant financial penalties for noncompliance. Further, in July 2020, the Court of Justice of the European Union released a decision in the Schrems II case (Data Protection Commission v. Facebook Ireland, Schrems), declaring the EU-US Privacy Shield invalid and calling into question data transfers carried out under the European Commission’s Standard Contractual Clauses. As a result of the decision, we may face additional scrutiny from EU regulators in relation to the transfer of personal data from the EU to the United States. Noncompliance with the GDPR can trigger fines of up to the greater of €20 million or 4% of global annual revenues. In the United States, there have been proposals for federal privacy legislation and many new state privacy laws have been enacted or proposed. Other countries have enacted or are considering enacting data localization laws that require certain data to stay within their borders. We may also face audits or investigations by one or more domestic or foreign government agencies or our customers pursuant to our contractual obligations relating to our compliance with these regulations. Complying with changing regulatory requirements requires us to incur substantial costs, exposes us to potential regulatory action or litigation, and may require changes to our business practices in certain jurisdictions, any of which could materially adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Despite our efforts to comply with applicable laws, regulations, and other obligations relating to privacy, data protection, and information security, it is possible that our interpretations of the law or best practices could be inconsistent with, or fail, or be alleged to fail to meet all requirements of, such laws, regulations, or obligations. Our failure, or the failure by its third-party providers on its platform, to comply with applicable laws or regulations or any other obligations relating to privacy, data protection, or information security, or any compromise of security that results in unauthorized access to, or use or release of personally identifiable information or other data relating to our customers, or other individuals, or the perception that any of the foregoing types of failure or compromise have occurred, could damage our reputation, discourage new and existing customers from using our products or services, or result in fines, investigations, or proceedings by governmental agencies and private claims and litigation, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Even if not subject to legal challenge, the perception of privacy concerns, whether or not valid, may harm our reputation and brand and materially adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We will be subject to the terms of our privacy policies and privacy-related obligations. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with our privacy policies, our privacy-related obligations to customers or others, or our privacy-related legal obligations, or any compromise of security that results in the unauthorized release or transfer of sensitive information, which could include personally identifiable information or other user data, may result in governmental or regulatory investigations, enforcement actions, regulatory fines, compliance orders, litigation or public statements against us by consumer advocacy groups or others, and could cause customers to lose trust in us, all of which could be costly and have an adverse impact on our business. In addition, new and changed rules and regulations regarding privacy, data protection (in particular those that impact the use of AI) and cross-border transfers of customer information could cause us to delay planned uses and disclosures of data to comply with applicable privacy and data protection requirements. Moreover, if any third-party that we work with violates applicable laws or its policies, such violations also may put personal information at risk, which may result in increased regulatory scrutiny and have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may be unable to prevent or address the misappropriation of our data, which could damage our reputation and materially adversely impact our business.

Third parties may misappropriate our data through website scraping, bots or other means and aggregate this data on their websites with data from other companies. In addition, copycat websites or online apps may misappropriate data and attempt to imitate our brand or the functionality of our planned website. If we become aware of such websites or online apps, we intend to employ technological or legal measures in an attempt to halt their operations. However, we may be unable to detect all such websites or online apps in a timely manner and, even if we could, technological and legal measures may be insufficient to halt their operations immediately or completely. In some cases, particularly in the case of websites or online apps operating outside of the United States, our available remedies may not be adequate to protect us against the effect of the operation of such websites or online apps. Regardless of whether we can successfully enforce our rights against the operators of these websites or online apps, any measures that we may take could require us to expend significant financial or other resources, which could harm our business, results of operations or financial condition. In addition, to the extent that such activity creates confusion among consumers or advertisers, our brand and business could be harmed.

Changes in state laws and regulations governing our business, or changes in the interpretation of such laws and regulations, could negatively impact our business.

State statutes typically provide state regulatory agencies with significant powers to interpret, administer and enforce the laws relating to the purchase of life insurance. Under statutory authority, state regulators have broad discretionary power and may impose new licensing requirements, interpret or enforce existing regulatory requirements in different ways or issue new administrative rules, even if not contained in state statutes. State regulators may also impose rules that may restrict and negatively impact our industry. Because of the history of certain abuses in the industry, we believe it is likely that state insurance regulation will increase and grow more complex during the foreseeable future. We cannot, however, predict what any new regulation would specifically involve.

The emergence of new biotechnologies has led to frequent legislation governing the use of genetic information in insurance. The federal regulation, Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (“GINA”), prohibits the use of genetic information by health insurers, but it does not apply to life insurance or epigenetics at this time. To date, a small minority of states have adopted a GINA-like framework, essentially prohibiting the use of genetic information for life insurance underwriting and risk classification. Other states have laws regulating, though not prohibiting, the use of genetic information in life insurance. While epigenetics’ distinguishable features exempt it from the text of, and rationale behind, current laws regulating the use of genetic information in life insurance, any adverse change in present laws or regulations, or their interpretation in one or more states in which we may operate (or an aggregation of states in which we may conduct a significant amount of business) could result in our curtailment or termination of operations in such jurisdictions, or cause us to modify our operations in a way that adversely affects our profitability. Any such action could have a corresponding material and negative impact on our results of operations and financial condition, primarily through a material decrease in revenues, and could also have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

New legislation or legal requirements may affect how we communicate with customers, which could have a material adverse impact on our business model, financial condition, and results of operations.

State and federal lawmakers re focusing upon the use of customer communications, including concerns about transparency, deception, and fairness, in particular. Changes in laws or regulations, or changes in the interpretation of laws or regulations by a regulatory authority may decrease our revenues and earnings and may require us to change the manner in which we conduct some aspects of our business. In addition, our business and operations are subject to various U.S. federal, state, and local consumer protection laws, including laws which place restrictions on the use of automated tools and technologies to communicate with wireless telephone subscribers or consumers generally. For example, a California law, effective as of July 2019, makes it unlawful for any person to use a bot to communicate with a person in California online with the intent to mislead the other person about its artificial identity for the purpose of knowingly deceiving the person about the content of the communication in order to incentivize a purchase of goods or services in a commercial transaction. Although we take steps to comply with this and other laws restricting the use of electronic communication tools, no assurance can be given that we will not be exposed to civil litigation or regulatory enforcement. Further, to the extent that any changes in law or regulation further restrict the ways in which we communicate with prospective or current customers, these restrictions could result in a material reduction in our customer acquisition and retention, reducing the growth prospects of our business, and materially adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

If we are unable to protect our patent pending methods of identifying epigenetic biomarkers or intellectual property in general, the value of our brand and other intangible assets may be diminished, and our business may be adversely impacted.

We depend on our proprietary technology, intellectual property and services for our business plans, success and ability to compete. We rely and expect to continue to rely on a combination of confidentiality and other agreements with our employees, consultants and third parties with whom we have relationships or with whom we plan to have relationships, and who may have access to confidential or patentable aspects of our research and development output, as well as the trademark, copyright, patent and trade secret protection and common law rights and laws, to protect our proprietary rights. For example, we rely on trade secret protection for building and validating an extensive number of machine learning models that use epigenetic data derived from different types of tissues to predict a wide variety of targets, such as smoking use and/or extent, alcohol use and/or extent, etc. Although we enter into confidentiality and other agreements to protect these and other proprietary technologies, any of these parties may breach the agreements and disclose information before a patent application is filed, and jeopardize our ability to seek patent protection, if we were not able to use the courts to enjoin the disclosure in advance. In addition, our ability to obtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents or patent licenses depends on whether the differences between our inventions and the prior art allow our inventions to be patentable over the prior art. Since publications in the scientific literature often lag behind the actual discoveries, and patent applications do not publish until 18 months after filing, we are never certain we are the first to make the inventions claimed in any of our patents or that we are the first to file for patent protection of such patents. In other words, priority is never known until an application is prosecuted. Additionally, third parties may knowingly or unknowingly infringe our proprietary rights, and third parties may challenge our proprietary rights held, pending and future patent, copyright, trademark and other applications, which, if successful, may not be approved and which may affect our ability to prevent infringement without incurring substantial expense. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States.

If the protection of our proprietary rights is inadequate to prevent use or appropriation by third parties, the value of our brand and other intangible assets may be diminished and competitors may be able to more effectively mimic our service and methods of operations. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, attempts may be made to copy or reverse engineer aspects of our products or services, or to obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary and which a judge may not enjoin. Accordingly, we may be unable to protect our proprietary rights against unauthorized third-party copying or use. Furthermore, as a practical matter, policing the unauthorized use of our intellectual property would be difficult for us, because of the private nature of our competitors and because our competitors may offer competing products as software-as-a-service, which may limit the ability to discover a competitor’s use of our proprietary technology. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets, or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. Litigation and/or any of the events above could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, and could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may be unable to obtain sufficiently broad intellectual property protection, or we may lose intellectual property protection.

As patent and trademark prosecution of biotechnology inventions is highly uncertain, involves complex legal and factual questions, and has been the subject of litigation in recent years, the issuance, scope, validity, enforceability and commercial value of our intellectual property rights are highly uncertain. Our pending and future trademark or patent applications may not result in issued trademarks and patents that protect our products and services, which would render us unable to prevent others from commercializing the same or similar products and services that we offer. The coverage of trademark and patent claims may be significantly reduced before such intellectual property approval is granted and the scope and validity of issued trademarks and patents can also be challenged after grant, which, if successful, may not provide us meaningful protection, may not allow us to exclude competitors or may not provide us with any competitive advantage.

Despite our efforts, we may not be able to maintain confidentiality for our trade secrets and proprietary know-how. In addition, our trade secrets and proprietary know-how may otherwise become known or be independently discovered by others. No guarantee can be given that others will not independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary information or techniques, or otherwise gain access to our proprietary technology. We rely on a combination of patent, trademark, and trade secret protection to establish and protect the ideas, concepts, and know-how for the products, services and technology we develop. Our failure to establish patent, trademark and trade secret protection for our technology and intellectual property rights could enable our competitors to more effectively compete and have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights throughout the world.

Filing, prosecuting and defending trademarks or future patents on our products and services in all countries throughout the world would be prohibitively expensive. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States, and we may encounter difficulties in protecting and defending such rights in foreign jurisdictions. Our owned and licensed patent applications are pending in the U.S. only and thus these present patent applications, even if granted, cannot cover any foreign countries in the future. Consequently, we may not be able to prevent third parties from practicing our inventions in all countries outside the United States, or from selling or importing products made using our inventions in and into the United States or other jurisdictions. Competitors may use our technologies (even copying from the patent disclosures) in jurisdictions where we have not obtained patent protection to develop their own products and may also export infringing products to territories where we have patent protection. These products may compete with our products and our patents or other intellectual property rights may not be effective or sufficient to prevent them from competing.

Many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending intellectual property rights in various foreign jurisdictions. The legal systems of many other countries do not favor the enforcement of patents and other intellectual property protection, particularly those relating to biotechnology, which could make it difficult for us to stop the infringement of our patents in such countries. Proceedings to enforce our current trademark and potential future patent rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial cost and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business, could put our intellectual property at risk of not issuing, being invalidated, or interpreted narrowly, and could provoke third parties to assert claims against us. We may not prevail in any lawsuits that we initiate and the damages or other remedies awarded, if any, may not be commercially meaningful. Accordingly, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights around the world may be inadequate to obtain a significant commercial advantage from the intellectual property that we develop or license.

Changes in trademark or patent law in the United States and other jurisdictions could diminish the value of our potential future trademarks and patents in general, thereby adversely impacting our ability to protect our products and services.

Changes in either the trademark or patent laws or in interpretations of trademark or patent laws in the United States or other countries or regions may diminish the value of our intellectual property. We cannot predict the breadth of claims that may be allowed or enforced in our potential future trademarks and patents or in third-party intellectual property. In the United States, prior to March 16, 2013, assuming that other requirements for patentability were satisfied, the first to invent the claimed invention was entitled to the patent, while outside the United States, the first to file a patent application was entitled to the patent. On or after March 16, 2013, under the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (or the America Invents Act), enacted on September 16, 2011, the United States transitioned to a first inventor to file system in which, assuming that other requirements for patentability are satisfied, the first inventor to file a patent application will be entitled to the patent on an invention regardless of whether a third party was the first to invent the claimed invention. As such, a third party that files a patent application in the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) before us could be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before it was made by such third party. This will require us to be cognizant of the time from invention to filing of a patent application. Since patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing or until issuance, we cannot be certain that we or our licensors were the first to either file any patent application related to our products or services, or invent any of the inventions claimed in our or its licensor’s patents or patent applications.

The America Invents Act also includes a number of significant changes that affect the way patent applications will be prosecuted and also may affect patent litigation. These include allowing third-party submission of prior art to the USPTO during patent prosecution and additional procedures to attack the validity of a patent by USPTO-administered post-grant proceedings, including post-grant review, inter partes review, and derivation proceedings. Because of a lower evidentiary standard in USPTO proceedings compared to the evidentiary standard in U.S. federal courts necessary to invalidate a patent claim, a third party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidence would be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action. Accordingly, a third party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures to invalidate our patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third party as a defendant in a district court action. Therefore, the America Invents Act and its implementation could increase the uncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our owned or in-licensed patent applications and the enforcement or defense of our owned or in-licensed issued patents, all of which could have a material adverse impact on our business.

Recent U.S. Supreme Court rulings have also narrowed the scope of patent protection available in specific circumstances (e.g., regarding domestic processes) and weakened the rights of patent owners in certain situations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty with respect to the value of patents, once obtained. Depending on decisions by the U.S. Congress, the federal courts and the USPTO, the laws and regulations governing patents could change in unpredictable ways that would weaken our ability to obtain new patents or to enforce our existing patents and patents that we might obtain in the future.

We may be subject to claims that our employees, consultants or independent contractors have wrongfully used or disclosed confidential information of third parties or that our employees have wrongfully used or disclosed alleged trade secrets of their former employers.

We have employed and expect to employ or contract with individuals who were previously employed by or were independent contractors for universities or other companies, including our competitors or potential competitors. Although we try to ensure that our employees, consultants and independent contractors do not use the proprietary information or know-how of others in their work for us, we may be subject to claims that our employees, consultants or independent contractors have inadvertently or otherwise used or disclosed trade secrets or other proprietary information of their former employers or other third parties, or to claims that we have improperly used or obtained such trade secrets. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims. If we fail in defending such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel, or lose the ability to use certain technologies, all of which could adversely impact our business. A loss of use of certain technologies or key research personnel work product could hamper or prevent our ability to commercialize potential products and services, which could harm our business. Even if we are successful in defending against these claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management and other employees.

We may not be successful in registering and enforcing our trademarks.

As we apply to register our unregistered trademarks in the United States and other countries, our applications may not be allowed for registration in a timely fashion or at all, and our registered trademarks may not be maintained or enforced. Trademark enforcement is always uncertain, since proving infringement requires a showing of consumer confusion in addition to use by the defendant of a similar or identical trademark. In addition, opposition or cancellation proceedings may be filed against our trademark applications and registrations, and our trademarks may not survive such proceedings. In certain countries outside of the United States, trademark registration is required to enforce trademark rights. If we do not secure registrations for our trademarks, we may encounter more difficulty in enforcing them against third parties than we otherwise would.

We may be subject to claims challenging the inventorship or ownership of our patents and other intellectual property.

We may be subject to claims that former employees, collaborators or other third parties have an interest in our future owned or in-licensed patents, trade secrets or other intellectual property as an inventor or co-inventor. Ownership disputes may arise, for example, from conflicting obligations of employees, consultants or others who are involved in developing our future products and services.

Litigation may be necessary to defend against these and other claims by a third party challenging inventorship of our or our licensors’ ownership of our future owned or in-licensed patents, trade secrets or other intellectual property. If we or our licensors fail in defending any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights, such as exclusive ownership of, or a right to use, intellectual property or technology that is important to our product or services. Alternatively, we may need to obtain one or more additional licenses from certain third parties, which could be time-consuming and expensive and could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and could have a material adverse effect on our business. Even if we are successful in defending against such claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management and other employees. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

If we become involved in trademark or patent litigation or other proceedings related to a determination of rights, we could incur substantial costs and expenses, substantial liability for damages or be required to stop our development and commercialization efforts of our products and services.

There is a substantial amount of litigation, both within and outside the United States, involving trademark, patent and other intellectual property rights in the insurance technology industry, including patent and trademark infringement lawsuits, declaratory judgment litigation and adversarial proceedings before the USPTO, including trademark oppositions and cancellations, patent interferences, derivation proceedings, ex parte reexaminations, post-grant review and inter partes review, as well as corresponding proceedings in foreign courts and foreign patent offices.

We may, in the future, become involved with litigation or actions at the USPTO or foreign patent offices with various third parties. We expect that the number of such claims may increase as our industry expands, more trademarks and patents are issued, the number of products or services increases and the level of competition in our industry increases. Any infringement claim, regardless of its validity, could harm our business by, among other things, resulting in time-consuming and costly litigation, diverting management’s time and attention from the development of our business, requiring the payment of monetary damages (including possible treble damages, attorney’s fees, costs and expenses) or royalty payments.

It may be necessary for us to pursue litigation or adversarial proceedings before the trademark or patent office in order to enforce our patent and proprietary rights or to determine the scope, coverage and validity of the proprietary rights of others. The outcome of any such litigation might not be favorable to us, and even if we were to prevail, such litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

As we move into new markets and expand our products or services offerings, incumbent participants in such markets may assert their patents and other proprietary rights against us as a means of slowing our entry into such markets or as a means to extract substantial license and royalty payments from us. In addition, future litigation may involve patent holding companies or other adverse patent owners who have no relevant product or service revenue and against whom our own patents may provide little or no deterrence or protection.

Because patent applications can take many years to issue, there may be currently pending patent applications that may later result in issued patents that our current or future products, technologies and services may infringe. We cannot be certain that we have identified or addressed all potentially significant third-party patents in advance of an infringement claim being made against us. In addition, similar to what other companies in our industry have experienced, we expect our competitors and others may have trademarks or patents or may in the future obtain trademarks or patents, and assert that making, having made, using, selling, offering to sell or importing its products or services infringes these trademarks or patents. Defense of infringement and other claims, regardless of their merit, would involve substantial litigation expense and would be a substantial diversion of management and employee resources from our business. Parties making claims against us may be able to sustain the costs of complex trademark or patent litigation more effectively than we can because they have substantially greater resources. Parties making claims against us may be able to obtain injunctive or other relief, which could block our ability to develop, commercialize and sell products or services and could result in the award of substantial damages against us, including possible treble damages, attorney’s fees, costs and expenses if we are found to have willfully infringed. In the event of a successful claim of infringement against us, we may be required to pay damages and ongoing royalties and obtain one or more licenses from third parties, or be prohibited from selling certain products or services. We may not be able to obtain these licenses on acceptable or commercially reasonable terms, if at all, or these licenses may be non-exclusive, which could result our competitors gaining access to the same intellectual property. In addition, we could encounter delays in product or service introductions while we attempt to develop alternative products or services to avoid infringing third-party patents or proprietary rights. Defense of any lawsuit or failure to obtain any of these licenses could prevent us from commercializing products or services, and the prohibition of sale of any of our products or services could materially impact our business and our ability to gain market acceptance for our products or services.

We maintain multiple forms of proprietary information, the value of which is derived from the proprietary nature of such information. Employees of ours or third parties that are or become privy to our proprietary information may, despite our efforts, misappropriate such information. Such misappropriation may result in publication or other public release of such information. In such an event, although we may have a cause of action against any such parties, such legal action is costly and may not result in sufficient compensation to ameliorate the loss of competitive advantages enjoyed by our confidential possession of such proprietary information. Additionally, such proprietary information, once published or otherwise released to the public, may not be returned to a secret state, and may be copied or otherwise imitated or used by competitors of ours without legal recourse or means of compensation by us. Such loss could materially adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that some of our confidential information could be compromised by disclosure during this type of litigation, although courts are empowered to protect confidential information using protective orders. In addition, during the course of this kind of litigation, there could be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments. If securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a substantial adverse effect on the price of our Class A Common Stock.

In addition, our agreements with some of our customers, suppliers or other entities with whom we do business require us to defend or indemnify these parties to the extent they become involved in infringement claims, including the types of claims described above. We could also voluntarily agree to defend or indemnify third parties in instances where we are not obligated to do so if we determine it would be important to our business relationships. If we are required or agree to defend or indemnify third parties in connection with any infringement claims, we could incur significant costs and expenses that could materially adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Patent terms may be inadequate to protect our competitive position with respect to our products and services for an adequate amount of time.

Patents have a limited lifespan. In the United States, if all maintenance fees are timely paid, the natural expiration of a patent is generally 20 years from its earliest U.S. non-provisional filing date. Various extensions may be available, but the life of a patent, and the protection it affords, is limited. Even if patents covering our products and services are obtained, once the patent life has expired, we may be open to competition from competitive products — and the patent document itself is a disclosure enabling such competitors. Given the amount of time required for the development, testing and regulatory review of new products and services, patents protecting such products and services might expire before or shortly after such products and services are commercialized. As a result, our future owned and currently licensed patent portfolio may not provide it with sufficient rights to exclude others from commercializing products similar or identical to ours.

We utilize open-source software, which may pose particular risks to our proprietary software and source code.

We use open-source software in our proprietary software and will use open-source software in the future. Companies that incorporate open-source software into their proprietary software and products have, from time-to-time, faced claims challenging the use of open-source software and compliance with open-source license terms. Some licenses governing the use of open-source software contain requirements that we make available source code for modifications or derivative works we create based upon the open-source software, and that we license such modifications or derivative works under the terms of a particular open-source license or other license granting third parties certain rights of further use. By the terms of certain open-source licenses, we could be required to release the source code of certain aspects of our proprietary software, and to make our proprietary software available under open-source licenses to third parties at no cost if we combine certain aspects of proprietary software with open-source software in certain manners. Although we monitor our use of open-source software and have a policy of full compliance with all open-source software license terms, we cannot assure that all open-source software is reviewed prior to use in our software, that our developers have not incorporated open-source software into our proprietary software, or that they will not do so in the future.

Additionally, the terms of many open-source licenses to which we are subject have not been interpreted by U.S. or foreign courts. There is a risk that open-source software licenses could be construed in a manner that imposes unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to market or provide certain aspects of its proprietary software. Companies that incorporate open-source software into their products have, in the past, faced claims seeking enforcement of open-source license provisions and claims asserting ownership of open-source software incorporated into their proprietary software, and claims for damages for failure to fully comply with those applicable licenses. If an author or other third party that distributes such open-source software were to allege that we have not complied with the conditions of an open-source license, we could incur significant legal costs defending ourselves against such allegations. In the event such claims were successful, we could be subject to significant damages or be enjoined from the distribution of our proprietary software. In addition, the terms of open-source software licenses may require us to provide certain aspects of our software that we develop using such open-source software to others on unfavorable license terms. As a result of our current or future use of open-source software, we may face claims or litigation, be required to release certain aspects of our proprietary source code, pay damages for breach of contract, re-engineer its proprietary software, discontinue making our proprietary software available in the event that re-engineering cannot be accomplished on a timely basis, discontinue certain aspects or functionality of our products and testing services, or take other remedial action. Any such re-engineering or other remedial efforts could require significant additional research and development resources, and we may not be able to successfully complete any such re-engineering or other remedial efforts. Further, in addition to risks related to license requirements, use of certain open-source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open-source licensors generally do not provide warranties or controls on the origin of the software. Any of these risks could be difficult to eliminate or manage, and, if not addressed, could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to Owning Our Securities

The public market for our securities is volatile. This may affect not only the ability of our investors to sell their securities, but the price at which they can sell their securities.

Since the consummation of our Business Combination, our Class A Common Stock (NYSE American: FOXO) has traded as low as $0.2580 per share, and day-to-day trading has been volatile at times. This volatility may continue or increase in the future. The market price for the securities may be significantly affected by factors such as progress in the development of our technology, commercialization of our technology, variations in quarterly and yearly operating results, general trends in the life insurance industry, and other uncertainties further described in this section. Furthermore, recently the stock market has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of the affected companies, such as the market reactions to internet marketed ‘short squeezes’, the coronavirus outbreak and recent macroeconomic factors such as inflationary pressures and higher interest rates. Such broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our securities.

If we issue additional shares in the future, whether in connection with a financing or in exchange for services or rights, it will result in the dilution of our existing stockholders.

We may choose to issue shares of our Class A Common Stock and/or securities exercisable for or convertible into our Class A Common Stock to, among other things, reduce our debt, to acquire one or more companies, to fund our operations and in exchange for services rendered to the Company. Such issuances may not require the approval of our stockholders. We have previously issued shares and rights to receive shares in satisfaction of outstanding amounts payable by us to service providers in exchange for services rendered. Any future issuances may reduce the book value per share and may contribute to a reduction in the market price of the outstanding shares of our Class A Common Stock. If we issue any such additional shares or securities in the future, such issuance will reduce the proportionate ownership and voting power of all current stockholders.

We are subject to the continued listing standards of the NYSE American and our failure to satisfy these criteria may result in delisting of our Class A Common Stock.

Our Class A Common Stock is listed on the NYSE American. In order to maintain this listing, we must maintain a certain share price, financial and share distribution targets, including maintaining a minimum amount of stockholders’ equity and a minimum number of public stockholders. In addition to these objective standards, the NYSE American may delist the securities of any issuer (i) if, in its opinion, the issuer’s financial condition and/or operating results appear unsatisfactory; (ii) if it appears that the extent of public distribution or the aggregate market value of the security has become so reduced as to make continued listing on the NYSE American inadvisable; (iii) if the issuer sells or disposes of principal operating assets or ceases to be an operating company; (iv) if an issuer fails to comply with the NYSE American’s listing requirements; (v) if an issuer’s securities sell at what the NYSE American considers a “low selling price” which the exchange generally considers $0.20 per share and the issuer fails to correct this via a reverse split of shares after notification by the NYSE American; or (vi) if any other event occurs or any condition exists which makes continued listing on the NYSE American, in its opinion, inadvisable. There are no assurances how the market price of our Class A Common Stock will be impacted in future periods as a result of the general uncertainties in the capital markets and any specific impact on our Company as a result of the recent volatility in the capital markets.

On June 12, 2023, we received an official notice of noncompliance from NYSE Regulation stating that we are below compliance with Section 1003(a)(i) in the Company Guide since we reported stockholders’ deficit of $(30,000) at March 31, 2023, and losses from continuing operations and/or net losses in its two most recent fiscal years ended December 31, 2022. Section 1003(a)(i) of the Company Guide requires a listed company to have stockholders’ equity of $2 million or more if the listed company has reported losses from continuing operations and/or net losses in two of its three most recent fiscal years.

We are now subject to the procedures and requirements set forth in Section 1009 of the Company Guide. As required by the notice, on July 12, 2023, we submitted a plan to NYSE American advising of actions we have taken or will take to regain compliance with the continued listing standards by December 12, 2024. On August 29, 2023, we received a letter from NYSE American stating that they reviewed and accepted the plan, providing an extension for compliance with Section 1003(a)(i) of the Company Guide until December 12, 2024. NYSE American staff will review the Company periodically for compliance with the initiatives outlined in the plan. If we are not in compliance with the continued listing standards by December 12, 2024, or if we do not make progress consistent with the plan during the plan period, NYSE American staff will initiate delisting proceedings, as appropriate.

If we are unable to retain compliance with all applicable NYSE American listing standards, our Class A Common Stock would be subject to delisting. If the NYSE American delists our Class A Common Stock, investors may face material adverse consequences, including, but not limited to, a lack of trading market for our Class A Common Stock, reduced liquidity and market price of our Class A Common Stock, decreased analyst coverage of our Class A Common Stock, and an inability for us to obtain any additional financing to fund our operations that we may need.

If our Class A Common Stock is delisted, our Class A Common Stock may be subject to the so-called “penny stock” rules. The SEC has adopted regulations that define a penny stock to be any equity security that has a market price per share of less than $5.00, subject to certain exceptions, such as any securities listed on a national securities exchange. For any transaction involving a penny stock, unless exempt, the rules impose additional sales practice requirements and burdens on broker-dealers (subject to certain exceptions) and could discourage broker-dealers from effecting transactions in our stock, further limiting the liquidity of our shares, and an investor may find it more difficult to acquire or dispose of our Class A Common Stock on the secondary market.

These factors could have a material adverse effect on the trading price, liquidity, value and marketability of our Class A Common Stock.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 1C. Cybersecurity.

Privacy and Security

We are entrusted with highly personal data and are committed to protecting the privacy and security of our customers and organization. Protection and access to company data is the keystone of the cybersecurity strategy and is considered the utmost of business requirements.

We use the GDPR as our guidepost for data protection practices and continue to monitor emerging U.S. laws.

Our security program is built on the following key success factors: tightly controlled access management based on least-privilege authorization, layered defenses, continuous monitoring, vulnerability testing, rapid response, internal and supply chain risk management, strong executive support, and regular development of a security culture. Integration of our compliance command center tool enables continuous monitoring of policy and practices covering service organization control 2 (“SOC 2”) compliance.

Protecting data privacy and security is an organizational-wide responsibility. We protect customer data with a variety of processes and monitoring tools, such as:

Security is an ongoing focus with continuous improvement to strengthen our security posture, strengthen data protection, eliminate gaps, and expand our security-as-a-culture. We are completing our control compliance development in preparation for our initial SOC 2 Type II audit. Having a SOC 2 Report will improve our ability to sell to large organizations and attest to our use of best practices for protecting sensitive data. SOC 2 compliant policies, procedures, and controls will make it easier to achieve other security certifications, further increasing customer confidence in our security.

For purposes of this section:

“Cybersecurity incident” means an unauthorized occurrence, or a series of related unauthorized occurrences, on or conducted through our information systems that jeopardizes the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of our information systems or any information residing therein.

“Cybersecurity threat” means any potential unauthorized occurrence on or conducted through our information systems that may result in adverse effects on the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of our information systems or any information residing therein.

“Information systems” means electronic information resources, owned or used by us, including physical or virtual infrastructure controlled by such information resources, or components thereof, organized for the collection, processing, maintenance, use, sharing, dissemination, or disposition of our information to maintain or support our operations.

Risk Management and Strategy

We monitor our websites and online accounts frequently to manage risks associated with cyber-security risks. Our website is monitored by a third party to check if the website or email server is secure. Our webmaster informs us of any issues that may arise in the cyber sector. We are prepared to inform all parties necessary if any breach of cyber-security were to happen. We have never had this problem and so we have never had to inform consultants, auditors, or other third parties.

We have never had a breach of cyber-security at any point in our past. The risk to us of cybersecurity threats is in data storage of customer questions and emails. A breach of customers data could negatively materially affect our public trust and could result in loss of customers and revenue.

Governance

Our board of directors has no specific processes for monitoring cybersecurity within the company. There is no subcommittee specifically for monitoring cybersecurity in the company.

Our management monitors our websites and online accounts frequently to manage risks associated with cyber-security risks. Our management has more than 20 years of experience working in the technology industry, which enables it to identify cybersecurity risks associated with the Company. Our management communicates with our board on matters of cybersecurity but, has not had to inform them of any breaches thus far.

Item 2. Properties

We do not own any real property but lease an office space on a month-to-month basis. Our principal executive offices are located at 729 N. Washington Ave., Suite 600, Minneapolis, MN 55401.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings 

Smithline Family Trust II vs. FOXO Technologies Inc. and Jon Sabes

On November 18, 2022, Smithline filed a complaint against the Company and Jon Sabes, our former Chief Executive Officer and a former member of our board of directors, in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York, Index 0654430/2022. The complaint asserted claims for breach of contract, unjust enrichment and fraud, alleging that (i) we breached our obligations to Smithline pursuant to the Financing Documents, (ii) we and Mr. Sabes were unjustly enriched as a result of their alleged actions and omissions in connection with the Financing Documents, and (iii) we and Mr. Sabes made materially false statements or omitted material information in connection with the Financing Documents. The complaint claimed damages in excess of a minimum of $6,206,768 on each of the three causes of action, plus attorneys’ fees and costs.

On December 23, 2022, we removed this action from the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York to the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, Case 1:22-cv-10858-VEC. The action was assigned to Judge Valerie E. Caproni.

On February 1, 2023, Defendant Jon Sabes moved to dismiss the Complaint as to Defendant Sabes pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(2) and 12(b)(6).

On February 22, 2023, Smithline filed an Amended Complaint. We filed our answer to the Amended Complaint on March 8, 2023.

On March 15, 2023, Defendant Jon Sabes moved to dismiss the Amended Complaint as to Defendant Sabes pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(1), (2) & (6). On April 17, 2023, Smithline filed its opposition to Defendant Sabes’ motion.

On November 7, 2023, Smithline and the Company and its subsidiaries, entered into the Settlement Agreement. Upon the execution of the Settlement Agreement, the parties agreed to jointly dismiss the action without prejudice.

Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, we agreed to pay Smithline the Cash Settlement Payment, payable in full no later than the Settlement Deadline. During the Settlement Period, we agreed to pay Smithline out of any Equity Financing a minimum of 25% of the gross proceeds of each Equity Financing within two business days of our receipt of the proceeds from such Equity Financing, and which payment to Smithline would be applied toward the Cash Settlement Payment. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that we receive proceeds from the Strata Purchase Agreement prior to the effective date of the Settlement Agreement, Smithline will be entitled to a minimum of 25% of the gross proceeds thereof, payment of which to Smithline would be applied toward the Cash Settlement Payment.

In addition, we agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to pay $300,000 in cash to Smithline by December 31, 2023 toward the Cash Settlement Payment. In the event that we have not paid in full the Cash Settlement Payment prior to the Settlement Deadline, Smithline will be entitled to retain all proceeds received pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, the Mutual Release (as defined below) will be returned to their respective parties, and Smithline may pursue any claims against, among others, the Company.

In addition, the parties agreed that prior to Smithline receiving $300,000 in cash from us toward the Cash Settlement Payment, we may not file any resale registration statements and any amendments or supplements thereto without Smithline’s written consent, except for those that cover the resale of shares of the Company’s Class A common stock currently issued or issuable to MSK, Gunnar or under the Strata Purchase Agreement.

In addition, the parties agreed that after Smithline has received $300,000 in cash from us, in the event we register for resale shares of Common Stock which are not issued or issuable as of the effective date of the Settlement Agreement, for a selling stockholder other than under the Strata Purchase Agreement, during the Settlement Period, then we will be required to issue Smithline Settlement Shares at the closing price of the Common Stock immediately prior to their issuance, subject to the authorization of NYSE American if the Common Stock is then traded on such exchange, which Settlement Shares will be included for resale in such registration statement, provided, however, that the amount of Settlement Shares, if any, when aggregated with other Settlement Shares, if any, will be reduced to ensure that such aggregate amount will not exceed 19.9% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock as of the date of issuance (subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations, and other similar transactions that occur after the date of the Settlement Agreement). Any net proceeds (after taking into account all brokerage, transfer agent, legal and other expenses incurred in connection with the sale of the Settlement Shares, if any) received by Smithline on the sale of the Settlement Shares, if any, will be credited against the Cash Settlement Payment.

Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, we agreed to use our best efforts to obtain an amendment to our Senior PIK Notes such that their maturity date and amortization dates are extended to December 31, 2024. Whether such amendment is obtained or not, we agreed to not make any payments in cash or stock on such Senior PIK Notes or permit such Senior PIK Notes to convert into stock prior to the satisfaction in full of the Cash Settlement Payment.

Simultaneous with the execution of the Settlement Agreement, Smithline and Puritan Partners LLC and the Company entered into a mutual release (the “Mutual Release”), which will be held in escrow pending notification from counsel for Smithline that 90 calendar days have elapsed since Smithline has received the Cash Settlement Payment in full. The Mutual Release includes the release of, in addition to the Company, Jon Sabes, Gunnar, Bespoke Growth Partners, Inc. and Mark Peikin, subject to their satisfaction of the conditions of the Mutual Release, including delivery of an executed release to counsel for Smithline releasing the Claiming Parties (as defined in the Mutual Release). Pursuant to the Mutual Release, in the event that we file for bankruptcy and the Claiming Parties are not permitted to retain the Cash Settlement Payment or the net proceeds received on the sale of Settlement Shares, if any, the Mutual Release will be null and void and void ab initio. Further, in the event that Jon Sabes, Gunnar, Bespoke Growth Partners, Inc., or Mark Peikin commences a lawsuit or arbitration or otherwise asserts a claim or cause of action against any of the Responding Parties (as defined in the Mutual Release) or any of the Claiming Parties, or takes any action against or otherwise hinders in any manner our ability to repay the Claiming Parties the Cash Settlement Payment or deliver and register the Settlement Shares, if any, the release of such person or entity will be null and void and void ab initio.

Pursuant the Settlement Agreement, without the prior written consent of Smithline, we may not (x) pay KR8 AI, including its affiliates, in cash more than the sum of (A) (i) $100,000 a month for the first three months after the effective date of the Settlement Agreement and (ii) more than $50,000 a month for months 4 to 12 after the effective date of the Settlement Agreement and (B) a royalty for 15% of product subscriber revenues received by us, or (y) make any payment in cash or stock to Jon Sabes until the Cash Settlement Payment is paid in full.

Pursuant the Settlement Agreement, the parties agreed that Smithline may retain the Smithline Assumed Warrant issued to Smithline pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated February 24, 2022, as amended on April 26, 2022, July 6, 2022 and August 12, 2022, by and among the Company, DWIN Merger Sub Inc., DIAC Sponsor LLC, and Legacy FOXO; provided, however, that the Smithline Assumed Warrant will be automatically cancelled immediately upon Smithline’s receipt of the Cash Settlement Payment, in full. Further, due to the fact that we did not pay the Cash Settlement Payment, in full, prior to warrant’s expiration on February 23, 2024, the Smithline Assumed Warrant was automatically extended for a year until February 23, 2025, subject to cancellation upon Smithline’s receipt of the Cash Settlement Payment. From the effective date of the Settlement Agreement until the Settlement Deadline, Smithline may not exercise any of its rights under the Smithline Assumed Warrant so long as we comply with the Settlement Agreement. In the event we or any of our subsidiaries are subject to a Bankruptcy Event (as defined in the Debenture) then immediately prior to the occurrence of such Bankruptcy Event, the Smithline Assumed Warrant will be converted into an unsecured debt obligation of the Company and its subsidiaries in the amount of $3,500,000 less the cash proceeds paid by us to Smithline under the Settlement Agreement or the net proceeds received by Smithline on the sale of any Settlement Shares, if any, in satisfaction of the Cash Settlement Payment.

On May 28, 2024, we entered into an Exchange Agreement with Smithline pursuant to which Smithline exchanged the Smithline Assumed Warrant for the right to receive up the Rights Shares, subject to a 4.99% beneficial ownership limitation and issued without any restrictive legends. The total number of Rights Shares that may be issued under the agreement, will be limited to 19.99% of our outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock, unless stockholder approval is obtained to issue more than 19.99% Upon the execution of the agreement and receipt of all of the Rights Shares, the Smithline Assumed Warrant, and all associated rights thereunder will be terminated.

We are currently in default of the Settlement Agreement and are currently in negotiations with Smithline on a resolution.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Information for Common Stock

Our Class A Common Stock is currently listed on NYSE American under the symbol “FOXO.” The Public Warrants (as defined below) are currently quoted on the OTC Pink Marketplace under the symbol “FOXOW.”

The closing price of our Class A Common Stock on June 3, 2024 was $0.3540.

The closing price of the Public Warrants on June 3, 2024 was $0.0043.

Holders of Record

As of June 3, 2024, there were 60 active holders of record of shares of our Class A Common Stock, one holder of record of Public Warrants, nine holders of record of private warrants and one holder of record of Smithline Assumed Warrants. We believe a substantially greater number of beneficial owners hold shares of Class A Common Stock or Public Warrants through brokers, banks or other nominees. 

Dividends

We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our capital stock. We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future and we intend to retain all of our earnings, if any, to finance our growth and operations and to fund the expansion of our business. Payment of any dividends will be made in the discretion of our board of directors. Our board of directors may take into account general and economic conditions, our financial condition and results of operations, our available cash and current and anticipated cash needs, capital requirements, contractual, legal, tax and regulatory restrictions and implications on the payment of dividends by us to our stockholders or by our subsidiaries to us and such other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant. In addition, our ability to pay dividends is limited by our credit facilities and may be limited by covenants of other indebtedness we or our subsidiaries incur in the future. We do not anticipate declaring any cash dividends to holders of our Class A Common Stock in the foreseeable future.

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plan

For information regarding securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans, please refer to “Item 12-Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.”

Item 6. [Reserved]

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

References to “FOXO” the “Company,” “us,” “our” or “we” refer to FOXO Technologies Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. The following discussion and analysis summarizes the significant factors affecting the consolidated operating results, financial condition, liquidity, capital resources and cash flows of our Company as of and for the periods presented below. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included under “Item 8. Financial Statements” in this Annual Report.

Dollar amounts are in thousands, unless otherwise noted.

Formation

We were formed as a limited liability company on November 11, 2019, following our separation from GWG Holdings, Inc. We were previously named InsurTech Holdings, LLC and FOXO BioScience LLC. On November 13, 2020, FOXO Bioscience LLC completed a conversion to a C Corporation and became FOXO.

Effective September 15, 2022, we consummated our previously announced Business Combination pursuant to the Merger Agreement, whereby DWIN Merger Sub Inc. merged with and into Legacy FOXO, with Legacy FOXO surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. Upon consummation of our Business Combination, our name changed from Delwinds Insurance Acquisition Corp. to FOXO Technologies Inc.

Overview

FOXO is focused on commercializing scientific discoveries in health and longevity. A pivotal moment in the field of longevity science came with the discovery that epigenetics could be used to develop measures of health, including biological aging, according to an article published in the scientific journal, Nature, in 2014. In recent years, we and other scientists have extended these findings to assess tobacco, alcohol, blood cell composition, and other health measures based on discovered epigenetic biomarkers. To that end, FOXO is dedicated to research and development in order to provide data-driven insights based on the numerous health measures that can be determined through this unique dimension of biology and used to foster optimal health and longevity for both individuals and organizations. We believe there is value in what these biomarkers will be able to provide to the world. Current testing options can be inaccurate, piecemeal, and often require obtaining a blood sample. Epigenetic biomarkers may pave the path for a fully comprehensive, at-home, low-cost test that could, with other existing testing, offer a much easier, more detailed sense of one’s health.

At the same time, we believe there exists a significant bottleneck in scientific research and product development using epigenetic data. Due to the complexity of the data, many scientists are unaware of how to properly process such data or take full advantage of the available tools. With our experience in bringing to market new tools (both software and hardware) and know-how (our Bioinformatics Services and analytic consulting), we believe we are well-positioned to help reduce barriers in advancing epigenetic research and the development of epigenetic-based products. Thus, we have chosen strategically to extend our expertise in epigenetic data processing and analysis to outside parties in an effort to further accelerate new discoveries. This work not only allows us to generate revenue, but also continue our work in developing improved ways in processing and analyzing this important data.

Historically, we have had two core product offerings related to the commercialization of epigenetic science: the “Underwriting Report,” and the “Longevity Report™.” The Underwriting Report, which has been under development and is currently paused until we increase our cash resources in order to continue additional research and development, is intended to allow us to leverage a single assay testing process to generate a panel of impairment scores that could be applied by life insurance underwriters to more efficiently assess clients during the underwriting process and provide a more personalized risk assessment. The Longevity Report, sales of which have also been paused as we redevelop and re-strategize around this product, was designed as a customer-facing consumer engagement product that provides actionable insights based on one’s biological age and other epigenetic measures of health and wellness.

Historically, we were operationalizing a sales and distribution platform focused on recruiting independent life insurance agents to sell life insurance with longevity-promoting products such as our Longevity Report. We previously marketed and sold life insurance products underwritten and issued by third-party carriers through distribution relationships. The MGA Model allowed us to appoint sales agents and producers to sell insurance products for specific carriers and earn commissions on subsequent policy sales. On October 2, 2023, we decided to pause sales of new life insurance products and move existing producers out of the MGA Model hierarchy to further conserve cash resources and focus resources on FOXO Labs (described below).

Exploration of Strategic Alternatives and Restructuring

In conjunction with the recent departure of our former Interim Chief Executive Officer and our former Chief Science Officer and the appointment of Mark White as our Interim Chief Executive Officer and Martin Ward as our Interim Chief Financial Officer, we are undertaking an exploration of strategic alternatives focused on, among other things, consumer-facing AI technology-based applications and solutions and maximizing stockholder value, including, without limitation, a business combination involving us and our existing AI technology and a sale of all or part of our assets and/or restructurings. We have not set a timetable for completion of the exploration process, and our management has only begun to make decisions related to strategic alternatives, which remain subject to their ongoing review, and which include but are not limited to:

There can be no assurance that the exploration process will result in any strategic alternative, or as to its outcome or timing.

Segments

We have managed and classified our business into two reportable business segments, FOXO Labs and FOXO Life. While we have decided to pause sales of new life insurance products, we still intend to continue to classify our business into the two reportable business segments.

FOXO Labs

FOXO Labs performs research and development and is commercializing proprietary epigenetic biomarker technology. Our research demonstrates that epigenetic biomarkers, collected from saliva or blood, provide meaningful measures of health and lifestyle factors. FOXO Labs anticipates recognizing revenue related to sales of its Bioinformatics Services and from the commercialization of research and development activities, which may include the Underwriting Report, Longevity Report, or as a result of other commercialization opportunities including a potential AI platform for the delivery of health and well-being data-driven insights to individuals, healthcare professionals and third-party service providers as discussed above.

FOXO Labs currently recognizes revenue from providing epigenetic testing services and collecting a royalty from Illumina, Inc. related to the sales of the Infinium Mouse Methylation Array. FOXO Labs conducts research and development, and such costs are recorded within research and development expenses on the consolidated statements of operations.

FOXO Labs had operated its Bioinformatics Services as an ancillary offering, with revenue recognized as epigenetic biomarker services in our historical financial statements, but now looks to it as a primary offering. Bioinformatics Services provide a data processing, quality checking, and data analysis service using FOXO’s cloud-based bioinformatics pipeline, referred to as our epigenetics, longevity, or methylation pipeline in our historical financial statements. FOXO Labs accepts raw data from third party labs and converts that data into usable values for customers.

Comparability of Financial Results

On September 15, 2022, we consummated the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement. Immediately upon the Closing, the name of the combined company was changed to FOXO Technologies Inc.

Legacy FOXO was determined to be the accounting acquirer in the Business Combination. Accordingly, the acquisition of Legacy FOXO by the Company was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization. Under this method of accounting, the Company was treated as the acquiree for financial reporting purposes. The net assets of the Company were stated at their historical cost, with no goodwill or other separately identifiable intangible assets recorded. The balance sheet, results of operations and cash flows prior to the Business Combination are those of Legacy FOXO.

In accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement, at Closing, the Company (i) acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding Legacy FOXO Class A common stock (the “FOXO Class A Common Stock”) in exchange for equity consideration in the form of the Company’s Class A Common Stock, (ii) acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of Legacy FOXO Class B common stock (the “FOXO Class B Common Stock”) in exchange for equity consideration in the form of the Company’s Class A Common Stock.

Immediately prior to the Closing, the following transactions occurred:

As a result of and upon the Closing, among other things, (1) all outstanding shares of FOXO Class A Common Stock (after giving effect to the conversion of the FOXO Preferred Stock into shares of FOXO Class A Common Stock) and FOXO Class B Common Stock were converted into 1,551,871 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock, (2) all FOXO options and FOXO warrants outstanding immediately before the Closing (“Assumed Options” and “Assumed Warrants”, as applicable) were assumed and converted, subject to adjustment pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, into options and warrants, respectively, of the Company, exercisable for share of the Company’s Class A Common Stock and (3) other than the Assumed Options and Assumed Warrants, all other convertible securities and other rights to purchase capital stock Legacy FOXO were retired and terminated, if they were not converted, exchanged or exercised for Legacy FOXO stock immediately prior the Closing.

Recent Developments

Asset Impairment

In April of 2023 and as part of the Company’s planning, the Company finalized its objectives and key results (“OKRs”) for the second quarter of 2023. As part of the OKR process, the Company’s goals to support the digital insurance platform indicated that the manner in which the digital insurance platform is used and corresponding cash flows would no longer support the asset. Accordingly, the Company recognized a $1,425 impairment loss in April of 2023 representing the remaining unamortized balance of the digital insurance platform at the date of impairment.

In June of 2023, the Company determined that both the underwriting API and longevity API were fully impaired as it no longer forecasted positive cash flows from the Longevity Report or Underwriting Report. For the Longevity Report, the Company sells the associated product at cost. For the Underwriting Report, the Company no longer expects sales during the amortization period. Accordingly, the Company has determined the assets are not recoverable and the cash flows no longer support the assets. The Company recognized impairment charges of $630 and $578 for the underwriting API and longevity API, respectively.

Layoffs

On July 21, 2023, the Company reduced its employee headcount via layoffs from 22 employees to 15 employees. In September and October, a further 11 staff left the Company, leaving a headcount remaining of 4 employees at that time. These layoffs allowed the Company to reduce its operating expenses while tailoring its strategic focus towards initiatives such as its Bioinformatics Services as described below.

Longevity Report

The Company’s data models were developed using a specific array and our provider now has an updated array. The Company needs to recompute the data models. Additional content is also being developed as a result of market research findings. The Longevity Report is currently on hold as a result of these developments.

Bioinformatics Services

On July 19, 2023, the Company announced the launch of Bioinformatics Services. Bioinformatics Services offers a comprehensive platform of advanced data solutions tailored to meet the specific needs of clients in academia, healthcare, government, and pharmaceutical research.

Business Plan

The Company is in the process of reviewing its strategic goals. The July 21, 2023 layoffs allowed the Company to reduce its operating expenses while tailoring its strategic focus towards initiatives such as the Company’s recently announced Bioinformatics Services, which offers epigenetic data processing and analysis. The Company anticipates a continued focus on epigenetics and longevity while expanding its focus outside of life insurance and more on health and wellness.

2023 Private Placement

From July 14, 2023 through July 20, 2023 (each such date, a “First Tranche Closing Date”), we entered into three separate Stock Purchase Agreements (the “Stock Purchase Agreements”), which have substantially similar terms, with three accredited investors (the “Buyers”), pursuant to which we agreed to issue and sell to the Buyers, in a private placement (the “2023 Private Placement”), in two separate tranches each, an aggregate of up to 562,500 shares of our Class A Common Stock at a price of $0.80 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of $450. 

Pursuant to the terms of the Stock Purchase Agreements, the Buyers initially purchased an aggregate of 281,250 shares of our Class A Common Stock on the applicable First Tranche Closing Dates, and purchased an aggregate of 281,250 additional shares of Class A Common Stock on August 4, 2023, following the effectiveness of the registration statement covering all of the shares of our Class A Common Stock issued in the 2023 Private Placement, which occurred on August 3, 2023. 

On August 23, 2023, we entered into three additional Stock Purchase Agreements (the “Second Round SPAs”) and Registration Rights Agreements (the “Second Round RRAs”), with the Buyers, pursuant to which we issued and sold to the Buyers, in the second round of the 2023 Private Placement (the “2023 PIPE Second Round”), in two separate tranches each, an aggregate of 366,876 shares of our Class A Common Stock at the per share price of $0.80 for aggregate gross proceeds of $293.5 and aggregate net proceeds of approximately $217, after deducting placement agent fees and other offering expenses. Pursuant to the terms of the Second Round SPAs, the Buyers initially purchased an aggregate of 183,438 shares of our Class A Common Stock on August 23, 2023, and purchased an aggregate of 183,438 additional shares of our Class A Common Stock on September 7, 2023, following the effectiveness of a second resale registration statement, which was declared effective by the SEC on September 6, 2023.

Assumed Warrants

At Closing of the Business Combination, the Company assumed the Assumed Warrants and exchanged the Assumed Warrants for common stock warrants to purchase 190,619 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock. Each Assumed Warrant entitled the holder to purchase one share of the Company’s Class A Common Stock at a price of $62.10 per share, subject to adjustment. The Assumed Warrants are exercisable over a three-year period from the date of issuance or until February 23, 2024. (The expiration date of certain of the Assumed Warrants has been extended until February 23, 2025 in connection with a lawsuit as more fully discussed in “Item 3. Legal Proceedings - Smithline Family Trust II vs. FOXO Technologies Inc. and Jon Sabes” herein. During the year ended December 31, 2023, 164,751 of the Assumed Warrants were tendered for shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock under the terms of the Exchange Offer discussed below. After the Exchange Offer 25,868 Assumed Warrants remained outstanding. The terms of the Assumed Warrants include a down round provision that should the Company issue its common stock and common stock equivalents, subject to certain exempt issuances, for consideration of less than $62.10 per share then the exercise price shall be lowered to the new consideration amount on a per share basis with a simultaneous and corresponding increase to the number of warrants. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the down round provision was triggered. As a result, at December 31, 2023, 2,007,848 Assumed Warrants were outstanding with an exercise price of $0.80 per share. The incremental value of the modification to the Assumed Warrants as a result of the trigger of the down round provisions of $912, was recorded as a deemed dividend in the year ended December 31, 2023. Also, during the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded a deemed dividend of $2,466 as a result of the Exchange Offer discussed below.

Exchange Offer, PIK Note Offer to Amend and 2022 Bridge Debenture Release

On May 26, 2023, we consummated two issuer tender offers: (i) the Offer to Exchange Warrants to Acquire Shares of Class A Common Stock and Consent Solicitation, commenced on April 27, 2023 (the “Exchange Offer”), pursuant to which we offered all holders of Assumed Warrants 48.3 shares of Class A Common Stock in exchange for each Assumed Warrant tendered and (ii) the Offer to Amend 15% Senior Promissory Notes and Consent Solicitation, commenced on April 27, 2023 (the “PIK Note Offer to Amend”), pursuant to which we offered all holders of our Senior PIK Notes 0.125 shares of Class A Common Stock for every $1.00 of the Original Principal Amount (as defined in the Senior PIK Notes) of such holder’s Senior PIK Notes, in exchange for the consent by such holder of Senior PIK Notes to amendments to the Senior Promissory Note Purchase Agreement, dated September 20, 2022, between us and each purchaser of Senior PIK Notes (the “PIK Note Purchase Agreement”). The Exchange Offer and the PIK Note Offer to Amend each expired at 11:59 p.m., Eastern Time, on May 26, 2023 (the “Exchange Offer Expiration Date” or the “PIK Note Offer to Amend Expiration Date,” as applicable).

As part of the Exchange Offer, the Company also solicited consents from holders of the Assumed Warrants to amend and restate in its entirety the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 25, 2021 (the “Original Securities Purchase Agreement”), by and between Legacy FOXO (and assumed by the Company in connection with the Business Combination) and each purchaser of 12.5% Original Issue Discount Convertible Debentures issued in 2021 by Legacy FOXO (the “2021 Bridge Debentures”) and warrants to purchase shares of FOXO Class A Common Stock, as amended (together with the 2021 Bridge Debentures, the “Original Securities”) identified on the signature pages thereto, which governs all of the Assumed Warrants and the Original Securities (together with the Assumed Warrants, the “Securities”), pursuant to the terms of an Amended and Restated Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Amendment and Restatement”), to provide that the issuance of shares of Class A Common Stock and certain issuances of Common Stock Equivalents (as defined in the Original Securities Purchase Agreement) in connection with the Exchange Offer, the PIK Note Amendment (as defined below), the 2022 Bridge Debenture Release (as defined below), a Private Placement (as defined below) and a Public Financing (as defined below), and as Private Placement Additional Consideration (as defined below), as well as any previous issuance of Class A Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents (as defined in the Original Securities Purchase Agreement), do not trigger, and cannot be deemed to have triggered, any anti-dilution adjustments in the Securities.

In order to tender Assumed Warrants in the Exchange Offer, holders were required to consent to the Amendment and Restatement and a general release (the “Exchange Offer General Release Agreement”). Holders who tendered their Assumed Warrants in the Exchange Offer were deemed to have authorized, approved, consented to and executed the Amendment and Restatement and the Exchange Offer General Release Agreement.

The consummation of the Exchange Offer was conditioned upon, among other things, stockholder approval of the issuance of our Class A Common Stock as required by NYSE American Company Guide Section 713, and that Assumed Warrants, the holders of which purchased at least 50.01% in interest of the 2021 Bridge Debentures based on the initial Subscription Amounts (as defined in the Original Securities Purchase Agreement) thereof (which is the minimum amount required to amend and restate the Original Securities Purchase Agreement), are tendered in the Exchange Offer.

An aggregate of 164,751 Assumed Warrants were tendered in the Exchange Offer, the holders of which purchased at least 50.01% in interest of the 2021 Bridge Debentures based on the initial Subscription Amounts thereof. The Company’s stockholders approved the issuance of our Class A Common Stock in connection with the Exchange Offer at the Company’s 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on May 26, 2023. We issued an aggregate of 795,618 shares of our Class A Common Stock to the holders of Assumed Warrants who participated in the Exchange Offer, on the terms and subject to the conditions of the Exchange Offer. The Amendment and Restatement and the Exchange Offer General Release Agreement are each effective as of the Exchange Offer Expiration Date.

Pursuant to the PIK Note Offer to Amend, the Company solicited approval from holders of Senior PIK Notes to amend the PIK Note Purchase Agreement to permit the following issuances by the Company of its Class A Common Stock and Common Stock Equivalents (as defined in the PIK Note Purchase Agreement) without prepaying the Senior PIK Notes: (i) the issuance of shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock in connection with the PIK Offer Note Offer to Amend, (ii) the issuance of shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock in connection with the Exchange Offer, (iii) the issuance of shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents (as defined in the PIK Note Purchase Agreement) in connection with the 2022 Bridge Debenture Release (as defined below), (iv) the issuance of shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents (as defined in the PIK Note Purchase Agreement) in (a) a private placement of the Company’s equity, equity-linked or debt securities resulting in gross proceeds to the Company no greater than $5 million (a “Private Placement”) and/or (b) a registered offering of the Company’s equity, equity-linked or debt securities resulting in gross proceeds to the Company no greater than $20 million (a “Public Financing”); provided that (A) the proceeds of a Private Placement resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of at least $2 million are used by the Company to prepay not less than 25% of the Outstanding Principal Balance (as defined in the Senior PIK Notes) as of the date of prepayment on a pro rata basis upon the closing of such Private Placement, and (B) the proceeds of a Public Financing resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of at least $10 million are used by the Company to prepay all of the Outstanding Principal Balance as of the date of prepayment upon the closing of such Public Financing, and (v) the issuance of shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents (as defined in the PIK Note Purchase Agreement) as Private Placement Additional Consideration (as defined below) (collectively, the “PIK Note Amendment”).

In order to participate in the PIK Note Offer to Amend, in addition to consenting to the PIK Note Amendment, holders of Senior PIK Notes were required to consent to a general release (the “PIK Note Offer to Amend General Release Agreement”). Holders who participated in the PIK Note Offer to Amend were deemed to have authorized, approved, consented to and executed the PIK Note Amendment and the PIK Note Offer to Amend General Release Agreement.

The consummation of the PIK Note Offer to Amend was conditioned upon, among other things, stockholder approval of the issuance of the Company’s Class A Common Stock as required by NYSE American Company Guide Section 713, and the receipt of consent of holders that purchased at least 50.01% in interest of the aggregate principal balance of the Senior PIK Notes (which is the minimum amount required to amend the PIK Note Purchase Agreement) (the “Majority Consent”).

All Senior PIK Note holders participated in the PIK Note Offer to Amend, and therefore Majority Consent was obtained. The Company’s stockholders approved the issuance of the Company’s Class A Common Stock in connection with the PIK Note Offer to Amend at the annual meeting. We issued an aggregate of 432,188 shares of our Class A Common Stock on a pro rata basis to the Senior PIK Note holders who participated in the PIK Note Offer to Amend, on the terms and subject to the conditions of the PIK Note Offer to Amend. The PIK Note Amendment and the PIK Note Offer to Amend General Release Agreement are each effective as of the PIK Note Offer to Amend Expiration Date.

Because the PIK Note Amendment was approved, if the Company conducts a Private Placement, each investor who participates in the Private Placement who was a holder of Assumed Warrants or Senior PIK Notes as of the commencement of the Exchange Offer or the PIK Note Offer to Amend, as applicable, and each former holder of 2022 Bridge Debentures, may receive additional shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents (as defined in the Original Securities Purchase Agreement or the PIK Note Purchase Agreement, as applicable) in addition to the other terms of such Private Placement offered to all investors, whether or not such holder participated in the Exchange Offer or the PIK Note Offer to Amend, as applicable (the “Private Placement Additional Consideration”).

Additionally, we issued our Class A Common Stock in exchange for a general release by the former holders of 10% Original Issue Discount Convertible Debentures issued in 2022 by Legacy FOXO (the “2022 Bridge Debentures”), which 2022 Bridge Debentures were automatically converted into Class A common stock of Legacy FOXO and exchanged by the Company for its Class A Common Stock in connection with the Business Combination (the “2022 Bridge Debenture Release”). Each former holder of the 2022 Bridge Debentures that executed the 2022 Bridge Debenture Release received 0.067 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock for every $1.00 of Subscription Amount (as defined in the securities purchase agreements governing the 2022 Bridge Debentures) of the 2022 Bridge Debentures previously held by such holder. Pursuant to the 2022 Bridge Debenture Release, two former holders of 2022 Bridge Debentures representing an aggregate Subscription Amount of $10,500 executed such general release, and we issued an aggregate of 703,500 shares of our Class A Common Stock to such former holders of the 2022 Bridge Debentures.

The Company filed a registration statement on Form S-1, File No. 333-272892, covering all of the shares of its Class A Common Stock issued pursuant to the Exchange Offer, the PIK Note Offer to Amend and the 2022 Bridge Debenture Release, which was declared effective by the SEC on July 6, 2023.

Delisting of Public Warrants

On May 15, 2023, NYSE American LLC (“NYSE American”) provided a written notice to the Company that NYSE American had halted trading in the Company’s warrants, each exercisable for one share of the Company’s Class A Common Stock at an exercise price per share of $115.00 (the “Public Warrants”), on NYSE American due to the low trading price of the Public Warrants. On May 16, 2023, NYSE American provided written notice to the Company and publicly announced that NYSE Regulation has determined to commence proceedings to delist the Public Warrants and that the Public Warrants are no longer suitable for listing pursuant to Section 1001 of the NYSE American Company Guide due to the low trading price of the Public Warrants.

On May 24, 2023, the Public Warrants began trading on the OTC Pink Marketplace under the symbol “FOXOW”.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

To supplement our financial information presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, management periodically uses certain “non-GAAP financial measures,” as such term is defined under the rules of the SEC, to clarify and enhance understanding of past performance and prospects for the future. Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a company’s operating performance, financial position or cash flows that excludes or includes amounts that are included in or excluded from the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. For example, non-GAAP measures may exclude the impact of certain items such as acquisitions, divestitures, gains, losses and impairments, or items outside of management’s control. Management believes that the following non-GAAP financial measure provides investors and analysts useful insight into our financial position and operating performance. Any non-GAAP measure provided should be viewed in addition to, and not as an alternative to, the most directly comparable measure determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Further, the calculation of these non-GAAP financial measures may differ from the calculation of similarly titled financial measures presented by other companies and therefore may not be comparable among companies.

Adjusted EBITDA provides additional insight into our underlying, ongoing operating performance and facilitates period-to-period comparisons by excluding the earnings impact of interest, tax, depreciation and amortization, non-cash change in fair value of convertible debentures and warrants, stock-based compensation, write offs and impairment. Management believes that presenting Adjusted EBITDA is more representative of our operational performance and may be more useful for investors. Adjusted EBITDA along with a reconciliation to net loss is shown in Other Operating Data within the Results of Operations below.

Results of Operations

Upon closing of the Business Combination, we changed our name to FOXO Technologies Inc. Results of operations included within this Annual Report pertaining to periods ending prior to the Closing of the Business Combination on September 15, 2022 are those of Legacy FOXO.

Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

Revenues. Total revenues were $145 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $511 for the year ended December 31, 2022, a decrease of $366. During the year ended December 31, 2023, FOXO Labs’s revenues decreased by $357 compared to the prior year. This decrease was primarily driven by a $301 decrease in revenues from Epigenetic biomarker services and a $56 decrease in royalty revenues related to a reduction of the royalty rate on Illumina, Inc.’s license to manufacture and sell Infinium Mouse Methylation Arrays from 5% to 1.5%. The remaining decrease of $9 primarily related to life insurance commissions earned as we ceased placing policies from our FOXO Life business during 2023.

Research and Development. Research and development expenses were $901 or the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $3,047 for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease of $2,146, or 70%, was driven by $696 of expenses incurred in the year ended December 31, 2022 associated with a clinical trial agreement with The Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Inc., the majority of which related to a payment at contract inception. The research study associated with this arrangement is no longer being pursued by the Company. Also contributing to the decrease in the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to 2022, were lower employee-related expenses and professional services as we reduced our cost structure following the closing of the Business Combination as well as research and development projects that are no longer ongoing.

Management Contingent Share Plan. During the year ended December 31, 2023, forfeitures of 419,132 unvested shares previously granted under the Management Contingent Share Plan resulted in a reduction of compensation expense under the plan of ($732) compared to compensation expense of $10,091 for the year ended December 31, 2022. The expense for the year ended December 31, 2022, was a result of issuing awards as of part of the Business Combination. $8,695 of the expense recognized on the Management Contingent Share Plan in the year ended December 31, 2022 related to the service-based conditions that no longer applied to the former CEO and is subject to forfeiture pending conclusion of the Board of Director’s review. As of December 31, 2023, the Board of Directors was in process of reviewing whether our former Chief Executive Officer, Jon Sabes, was terminated with or without cause. Accordingly, we have yet to make a determination on our obligations to the former Chief Executive Officer. We have recognized expenses related to his Management Contingent Share Plan during the year ended December 31, 2022 per the terms of that arrangement while the matter remains under review.

Impairments of Intangible Assets and Cloud Computing Arrangements. During the year ended December 31, 2023, total impairment losses were $2,633. The impairment losses recorded were $630 for an underwriting API intangible asset, $578 for a longevity API intangible asset and $1,425 for cloud computing arrangements, that is, a digital insurance platform. In June of 2023, management determined that these assets were fully impaired as management no longer forecasted positive cash flows from the longevity report, underwriting report or digital insurance platform. For the longevity report, the Company sold the associated product at cost. For the underwriting report, the Company no longer expected sales during the amortization period. For the digital insurance platform, the manner in which the asset was used, and the corresponding cash flows no longer supported the asset. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the total impairment losses were $1,370. The impairment losses in 2022 were $1,307 for health study tool and $63 for an insurance license.

Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and administrative expenses were $19,399 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $25,826 for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease of $6,427, or 25%, was primarily driven by a $4,494 reduction in wages due to reductions in head count, the completion of a consulting agreement as we recognized $2,973 less compensation costs associated with the amortization of the consulting agreement in 2023 compared to 2022 and a reduction of other consulting services, software expenses and other expenses as part of our cost-cutting efforts in 2023. Additionally, we incurred $1,600 of expense related to the Cantor Commitment Fee in 2022 with no comparable expense in 2023. These decreases were partially offset by incremental costs of being a public company, insurance expense and amortization expense for our intangible assets prior to recording the impairment losses on these assets during 2023. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2023, we wrote off $1,313 of supplies. The supplies consisted of Epic + arrays that were used to process epigenetic data and were purchased in 2022 and mouse arrays, as well as associated saliva test kits. As of the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company had completed all of its open projects that used these arrays and kits, and it did not have any contracts in the near future for additional projects. Also, the arrays were outside of the warranty periods. As such, since the Company did not have any upcoming plans for these arrays and kits, it determined it was appropriate to write off the remaining arrays and kits as of December 31, 2023.

Non-Cash Change in Fair Value of Convertible Debentures. We did not incur a non-cash change in fair value of convertible debentures for the year ended December 31, 2023. For the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded a non-cash change in fair value of convertible debentures of $28,180 as we elected the fair value option accounting method for the convertible debt, which requires recognition at fair value upon issuance and on each balance sheet date thereafter.

Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liabilities. The change in fair value of warrant liabilities was $303 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $2,076 for the year ended December 31, 2022. The warrant liability fluctuates based on the closing price of our Class A Common Stock, which was lower on December 31, 2023, compared to December 31, 2022.

Loss from PIK Note Amendment and 2022 Debenture Release. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we incurred a loss from the PIK Note Amendment and the 2022 Debenture Release of $3,521 resulting from the value of our Class A Common Stock issued to the holders of the Senior PIK Notes and 2022 Debentures to effect the amendment and release.

Forward Purchase Agreement Expense. There was no forward purchase agreement expense for the year ended December 31, 2023. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the forward purchase agreement expense was $27,337 due to the forward purchase agreement entered into as part of the Business Combination and the decline in the price of our Class A Common Stock. The expense primarily relates to the cancellation of the agreement, amounts released from escrow to the counterparty as a result of open market sales and settling the collateral liability.

Other Non-Operating Expenses, Net. We recognized other non-operating expenses. net of $1,045 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $1,647 for the year ended December 31, 2022. These expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023, are primarily interest expense on the Senior PIK Notes and for the year ended December 31, 2022, are primarily interest expense incurred in connection with the 2021 Bridge Debentures.

Net Loss. Net loss was $26,451 for the year ended December 31, 2023, which reflects a decrease of $68,804 or 72% from the $95,255 net loss for the year ended December 31, 2022. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in the loss from operations of $17,979 in 2023, compared to 2022, the $28,180 non-cash change in fair value of convertible debentures in 2022 and the $27,337 of expense from the forward purchase agreement in 2022. Partially offsetting the decrease for the year ended December 31, 2023, was a $1,773 reduction in the change in fair value of warrant liability, the $3,521 loss from PIK Note Amendment and 2022 Debenture Release and a $602 decrease in other non-operating expenses in 2023 as compared to 2022. Additionally, deemed dividends of $3,378 related to the Exchange Offer and the trigger of the down round provisions of the Assumed Warrants were recognized for the year ended December 31, 2023, resulting in a net loss to common stockholders of $29,829.

Analysis of Segment Results:

The following is an analysis of our results by reportable segment for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The primary income measure used for assessing reportable segment performance is earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation, amortization, and equity-based compensation. Segment Losses by reportable segment also excludes corporate and other costs, including management, IT, and overhead costs. For further information regarding our reportable business segments, please refer to our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

FOXO Labs

Revenues. Total revenues were $126 and $483 for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, a decreased of $357. This decrease was primarily driven by a $301 decrease in revenues from Epigenetic biomarker services and a $56 decrease in royalty revenues related to a reduction of the royalty rate on Illumina, Inc.’s license to manufacture and sell Infinium Mouse Methylation Arrays from 5% to 1.5%.

Segment Losses. Segment losses were $2,149 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to losses of $2,769 for the year ended December 31, 2022. The reduction in the losses of $620 was driven by $686 of expenses incurred in the year ended December 31, 2022 associated with a clinical trial agreement with The Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Inc., the majority of which related to a payment at contract inception. The research study associated with this arrangement is no longer being pursued by the Company. Lower employee-related expenses and professional services to reduce our cost structure following the closing of the Business Combination as well as research and development projects that are no longer ongoing also contributed to the period over period decrease in research and development expenses. Partially offsetting the reduction in losses, was the $357 decrease in revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 and a $1,313 write off supplies in the year ended December 31, 2023. The supplies consisted of Epic + arrays that were used to process epigenetic data and were purchased in 2022 and mouse arrays, as well as associated saliva test kits. As of the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company had completed all of its open projects that used these arrays and kits and it did not have any contracts in the near future for additional projects. Also, the arrays were outside of the warranty periods. As such, since the Company did not have any upcoming plans for these arrays, and kits it determined it was appropriate to write off the remaining arrays and kits as of December 31, 2023.

FOXO Life

Revenues. Total revenues were $19 for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $28 for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease was due to reduced life insurance commissions earned as we ceased placing policies from our FOXO Life business during 2023.

Segment Losses. Segment Losses were $1,645 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to losses of $3,735 for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease in the losses of $2,090 was driven by lower employee-related expenses and professional services to reduce our cost structure following the closing of the Business Combination, partially offset by a $251 loss on the sale of FOXO Life Insurance Company on February 3, 2023.

Other Operating Data:

We use Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate our operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA does not represent and should not be considered an alternative to net income as determined by U.S. GAAP, and our calculations thereof may not be comparable to those reported by other companies. We believe Adjusted EBITDA is an important measure of operating performance and provides useful information to investors because it highlights trends in our business that may not otherwise be apparent when relying solely on U.S. GAAP measures and because it eliminates items that have less bearing on our operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA, as presented herein, is a supplemental measure of our performance that is not required by, or presented in accordance with, U.S. GAAP. We use non-GAAP financial measures as supplements to our U.S. GAAP results in order to provide a more complete understanding of the factors and trends affecting our business. Adjusted EBITDA is a measure of operating performance that is not defined by U.S. GAAP and should not be considered a substitute for net (loss) income as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

We reconcile our non-GAAP financial measure to our net loss, which is its most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Our management uses Adjusted EBITDA as a financial measure to evaluate the profitability and efficiency of our business model. Adjusted EBITDA is not presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA includes adjustments for provision for income taxes, as applicable, interest income and expense, depreciation and amortization, equity-based compensation, and certain other infrequent and/or unpredictable non-cash charges or benefits, such as impairment, changes in fair value of convertible debentures, changes in fair value of warrant liabilities, and expenses related to the forward purchase agreement.

Liquidity and Capital Resources (dollars in thousands)

Sources of Liquidity and Capital

We had cash and cash equivalents of $38 and $5,515 as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. We have incurred net losses since our inception. For the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we incurred net losses to common stockholders of $29,829 and $95,255, respectively. We had an accumulated deficit of $177,060 and $147,231, respectively, as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. We have generated limited revenue to date and expect to incur additional losses in future periods.

As part of the Business Combination, we entered into a Forward Purchase Agreement and ELOC Agreement to fund our business; however, these agreements have since been terminated as a result of the performance of our stock. The Business Combination ultimately resulted in a significant number of redemptions limiting our proceeds. Additionally, we are unlikely to receive proceeds from the exercise of outstanding Public and Private Warrants as a result of the difference between our current trading price of our Class A Common Stock and the exercise price of these warrants. Our current revenue is not adequate to fund our operations in the next twelve months, as further described and requires us to fund our business through other avenues until the time we achieve adequate scale. Securing additional capital is necessary to execute on our business strategy.

FOXO Life Insurance Company Sale

On February 3, 2023, we consummated the sale of FOXO Life Insurance Company to Security National pursuant to the Security National Merger Agreement. After the Merger Consideration and Security National’s third-party expenses, the transaction resulted in the Company gaining access to $4,751 that was previously held as statutory capital and surplus pursuant to the Arkansas Code. We used the entire $4,751 to fund our operations during 2023.

Prior Financings

Prior to the closing of the Business Combination, we financed our business through a combination of equity and debt, consisting of proceeds from a subscription receivable and proceeds from convertible debenture offerings. The subscription receivable initially totaled $20,000, with the last installment being received during the third quarter of 2021.

During the first quarter of 2021, we entered into separate securities purchase agreements with certain investors, pursuant to which we issued convertible debentures for $11,812 in aggregate principal. After an original issue discount of 12.5% we received cash proceeds of $10,500 for this issuance. Additionally, we incurred an incremental $888 of fees and expenses related to the offering. The 2021 Bridge Debentures were issued in three tranches, on January 25, 2021, February 23, 2021, and March 4, 2021.

Additionally, during the first quarter of 2022, we entered into separate securities purchase agreements with certain investors, pursuant to which we issued the 2022 Bridge Debentures for $24,750 in aggregate principal. After an original issue discount of 10.0% we received cash proceeds of $22,500 for this issuance. In the second quarter of 2022, we issued additional 2022 Bridge Debentures pursuant to which we raised an additional $5,500 in cash proceeds or $6,050 in aggregate principal amount under the same terms as the issuance of the 2022 Bridge Debentures in the first quarter of 2022, resulting in total cash proceeds of $28,000 from the issuance of the 2022 Bridge Debentures.

Immediately prior to the Closing of the Business Combination, the 2021 Bridge Debentures and 2022 Bridge Debentures were converted into 6,759,642 and 7,810,509, respectively, shares of FOXO Class A Common Stock and were subsequently exchanged for shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock at the Closing of the Business Combination.

During the third quarter of 2022, we entered into separate securities purchase agreements pursuant to which we issued our Senior PIK Notes in the aggregate principal of $3,458. We received net proceeds of $2,918, after deducting fees and expenses of $540.

Exchange Offer and PIK Note Offer to Amend

On May 26, 2023, we consummated two issuer tender offers: (i) the Exchange Offer and (ii) the Offer to Amend 15% Senior Promissory Notes whereby holders of the Assumed Warrants were able to exchange such Assumed Warrants for shares of Class A Common Stock. Pursuant to the Exchange Offer, we solicited consents from a sufficient amount of holders of Assumed Warrants to amend and restate the Original Securities Purchase Agreement, pursuant to the terms of the Amendment and Restatement, to provide that certain previous and future issuances of Class A Common Stock and Common Stock Equivalents (as defined in the Original Securities Purchase Agreement) do not trigger, and cannot be deemed to have triggered, any anti-dilution adjustments in the Securities. Additionally, we consummated the PIK Note Offer to Amend, whereby we amended our Senior PIK Notes to permit certain issuances of Class A Common Stock and Common Stock Equivalents (as defined in the PIK Note Purchase Agreement), without prepaying the Senior PIK Notes as required by the terms of the PIK Note Purchase Agreement. Both the Exchange Offer and PIK Note Amendment were designed to facilitate future capital raises.

2023 Private Placements

During the third quarter of 2023, we completed two tranches of private placements that provided gross proceeds of $450 and $294. After deducting placement agent fees and other offering expenses, the net proceeds from the private placements were $260 and $217.

During the fourth quarter of 2023, we completed two tranches of private placements under the terms of the Strata Purchase Agreement with ClearThink that provided gross proceeds of $200 and $256. After deducting finder’s fees and other offering expenses, the net proceeds from the private placements were of $186 and $246.

2024 Financings

During the first quarter of 2024, we entered into a Second Strata Purchase Agreement with ClearThink wherein, and subject to certain limitations, including the effectiveness of a registration statement as defined in the agreement, ClearThink has agreed to purchase from us, from time to time an aggregate of $5,000 shares of our Class A Common Stock.

On February 15, 2024, we entered into a purchase agreement with ClearThink pursuant to which we agreed to issue to ClearThink a promissory note on January 30, 2024 in the principal amount of up to $750 (the “Note”). The Note matures on January 30, 2025 and has an interest rate of 12% per annum (22% after the occurrence of an Event of Default, as defined in the Note). 10% of all future purchase notices from the existing Strata Purchase Agreement with ClearThink must be directed toward repayment of the Note until the Note is paid in full.

On April 28, 2024, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with LGH Investments, LLC, an Wyoming limited liability company (“LGH”), pursuant to which the Company issued to LGH a convertible promissory note in the principal amount of $110 and 200,000 shares of its Class A Common Stock as inducement shares to LGH.

Going Concern

Our primary uses of cash are to fund our operations as we continue to grow our business. We expect to continue to incur operating losses in the near term to support the growth of our business. Capital expenditures have historically not been material to our consolidated operations, and we do not anticipate making material capital expenditures in 2023 or beyond. We expect that our liquidity requirements will continue to consist of working capital and general corporate expenses associated with the growth of our business. Based on our current planned operations, we expect to address our liquidity needs through the pursuit of additional funding through a combination of equity or debt financings to enable us to fund our operations for at least 12 months from the date hereof.

During the first quarter of 2023, we completed the sale of FOXO Life Insurance Company in order to gain access to the cash held as statutory capital and surplus at FOXO Life Insurance Company. We used the cash previously held at FOXO Life Insurance Company to fund our operations as we continued to (i) pursue additional avenues to capitalize the business and (ii) commercialize our products to generate revenue. As discussed above under the heading, “Prior Financings”, in May 2023, we entered into the Exchange Offer and the PIK Note Amendment both of which were structured to allow us to more easily raise capital.

On April 17, 2024, we received an official notice of noncompliance from NYSE stating that we are not in compliance with NYSE American continued listing standards due to the failure to timely file our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “Delinquent Report”) by the filing due date of April 16, 2024 (the “Filing Delinquency”).

During the six-month period from the date of the Filing Delinquency (the “Initial Cure Period”), the NYSE will monitor us and the status of the Delinquent Report and any subsequent delayed filings, including through contact with us, until the Filing Delinquency is cured. If we fail to cure the Filing Delinquency within the Initial Cure Period, the NYSE may, in the NYSE’s sole discretion, allow our securities to be traded for up to an additional six-month period (the “Additional Cure Period”) depending on our specific circumstances. If the NYSE determines that an Additional Cure Period is not appropriate, suspension and delisting procedures will commence in accordance with the procedures set out in Section 1010 of the NYSE American Company Guide. If the NYSE determines that an Additional Cure Period of up to six months is appropriate and we fail to file its Delinquent Report and any subsequent delayed filings by the end of that period, suspension and delisting procedures will generally commence. An issuer is not eligible to follow the procedures outlined in Section 1009 with respect to these criteria.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, however, the NYSE may in its sole discretion decide (i) not to afford us any Initial Cure Period or Additional Cure Period, as the case may be, at all or (ii) at any time during the Initial Cure Period or Additional Cure Period, to truncate the Initial Cure Period or Additional Cure Period, as the case may be, and immediately commence suspension and delisting procedures if we are subject to delisting pursuant to any other provision of the Company Guide, including if the NYSE believes, in the NYSE’s sole discretion, that continued listing and trading of an issuer’s securities on the NYSE is inadvisable or unwarranted in accordance with Sections 1001-1006 hereof.

There can be no assurance that we will ultimately regain compliance with all applicable NYSE American listing standards.

On June 12, 2023, we received an official notice of noncompliance (the “NYSE American Notice”) from NYSE stating that the Company was below compliance with Section 1003(a)(i) in the NYSE American Company Guide since our reported stockholders’ deficit of $30 at March 31, 2023, and losses from continuing operations and/or net losses in its two most recent fiscal years ended December 31, 2022. As required by the NYSE American Notice, on July 12, 2023, we submitted a compliance plan (the “Plan”) to NYSE advising of actions we have taken or will take to regain compliance with the NYSE American continued listing standards by December 12, 2024, and if NYSE accepts the Plan, we will have until December 12, 2024 to comply with the Plan. Should the Plan not be accepted, or we are unable to comply with the Plan, then it may make it more difficult for us to raise capital and we will be delisted in the event we are unable to cure the noncompliance by December 12, 2024.

The Company can provide no assurance that these actions will be successful or that additional sources of financing will be available on favorable terms, if at all. As such, until additional equity or debt capital is secured and the Company begins generating sufficient revenue, there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the one-year period following the issuance of the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report. In the event that we are unable to secure additional financing by the end of the third quarter of 2024, we may be unable to fund our operations and we will be required to evaluate further alternatives, which could include further curtailing or suspending the operations, selling the Company, dissolving and liquidating assets or seeking protection under the bankruptcy laws. A determination to take any of these actions could occur at a time that is earlier than when we would otherwise exhaust our cash resources.

We have based our estimates as to how long we expect we will be able to fund our operations on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could use our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect, in which case we would be required to obtain additional financing sooner than currently projected, which may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. Our failure to raise capital as and when needed would have a negative impact on our financial condition and our ability to pursue our business strategy. We may raise additional capital through equity offerings, debt financings or other capital sources. If we do raise additional capital through public or private equity offerings, or convertible debt offerings, the ownership interest of our existing stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely impact our existing stockholders’ rights. If we raise additional capital through debt financing, we may be subject to covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take certain actions.

Cash Flows

Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

The following table summarizes our cash flow data for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (dollars in thousands):

Operating Activities

Net cash used for operating activities in the year ended December 31, 2023 was $6,645 compared to $23,760 in the year ended December 31, 2022. The net cash used in operations in the year ended December 31, 2023 was $17,115, or 72%, less than cash used in operations during the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily as a result of the reduction in the net loss in 2023 compared to 2022 as well as to the $4,751 statutory capital and surplus that we gained access to as a result of the sale of FOXO Life Insurance Company in February 2023, among other items. We used the entire $4,751 to fund our operations during 2023.

Investing Activities

We did not have cash flows from investing activities in the year ended December 31, 2023. We used cash for investing activities in the year ended December 31, 2022 of $1,870 primarily to develop internal use software.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $1,168 compared to $24,289 for the year ended December 31, 2022. Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023, included $1,176 from private placements and $291 from related parties’ promissory notes/payables, partially offset by $299 of deferred offering costs. Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022, included proceeds of $28,000 from the 2022 Bridge Debentures, $23,237 of reverse capitalize proceeds and $2,918 net proceeds from the PIK Notes. Offsetting these sources of cash from financing activities in 2022 were $507 for warrant repurchase, $30,561 for forward purchase agreement collateral release, and $1,160 for payments of related parties promissory notes/payables.

Off-Balance Sheet Financing Arrangements

We have no obligations, assets or liabilities which would be considered off-balance sheet arrangements. We do not participate in transactions that create relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, often referred to as variable interest entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements.

We have not entered into any off-balance sheet financing arrangements, established any special purpose entities, guaranteed any debt or commitments of other entities, or entered into any non-financial assets.

Contractual Obligations

Our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2023 consisted of the following and include the Senior PIK Notes that have a principal balance of $4,203 at December 31, 2023 and that are in default. See Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the Senior PIK Notes.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements and related notes included under “Item 8. Financial Statements” and related disclosures in conformity with GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires the selection of the appropriate accounting principles to be applied and the judgments and assumptions on which to base accounting estimates, which affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheets, the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods, and related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances at the time such estimates are made. Actual results and outcomes may differ materially from our estimates, judgments, and assumptions. We periodically review our estimates in light of changes in circumstances, facts, and experience. The effects of material revisions in estimates are reflected in the consolidated financial statements prospectively from the date of the change in estimate.

We define our critical accounting policies and estimates as those that require us to make subjective judgments about matters that are uncertain and are likely to have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations as well as the specific manner in which we apply those principles. We believe the critical accounting policies used in the preparation of our financial statements which require significant estimates and judgments are as follows:

Equity-Based Compensation

We offer equity-based compensation to employees an nonemployees in the form of stock options and restricted stock. We measure and recognize all equity-based payments to employees, service providers and board members at fair value. The cost of services received from employees and non-employees in exchange for awards of equity instruments is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations based on the estimated fair value of those awards on the grant date or reporting date, if required to be remeasured, and amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. We recognize forfeitures as incurred. We utilize a Black-Scholes valuation model to estimate the fair value of stock options and this model requires the input of assumptions, including the exercise price, volatility, expected term, discount rate, and the fair value of the underlying membership or stock on the date of grant. These inputs are provided at the grant date for an equity classified award and each measurement date for a liability classified award. Equity-based compensation awards are considered granted (i) when there is a mutual understanding of key terms, (ii) we are contingently obligated to issue the options, and (iii) the option holder begins to benefit or be adversely impacted by changes in our stock price. This primarily occurs at the time the stock option agreements are executed. The fair value of each stock option is estimated using a Black-Scholes valuation model while considering the respective rights of each type of stockholder. The table below illustrates the weighted-average valuation assumptions used for stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2022 (we did not grant stock options during the year ended December 31, 2023):

Expected Term: The expected term of the stock options was calculated using the simplified method as the Company does not have entity-specific information with which to develop an estimate and exercise data from comparable companies is not readily available.

Expected Volatility: The Company used an average of the volatilities determined from the stock price of peer companies for a period commensurate with the expected term.

Risk-Free Interest Rate: The risk-free rate assumption is calculated based on U.S. Treasury instruments with a term consistent with the expected terms of these awards at time of grant.

Dividend Yield: The Company has not paid and does not anticipate paying any dividends in the near future. The Company estimated the dividend yield to be zero on these awards.

Fair Value of Convertible Debentures

We elected the fair value option to account for the 2021 Bridge Debentures and 2022 Bridge Debentures. The fair value option provides an election that allows a company to irrevocably elect to record certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value on an instrument-by-instrument basis at initial recognition. We elected the fair value option to better depict the ultimate liability associated with the debentures, including all features and embedded derivatives. The debentures accounted for under the fair value option election represent debt host financial instruments containing certain embedded features that would otherwise be required to be bifurcated from the debt host and recognized as separate derivative liabilities subject to initial and subsequent periodic fair value measurement in accordance with U.S. GAAP. When the fair value option election is applied to financial liabilities, bifurcation of embedded derivatives is not required, and the financial liability in totality is recorded at its issue-date estimated fair value and then subsequently remeasured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis as of each balance sheet date thereafter. Upon remeasurement, the portion of a change in estimated fair value attributable to a change in instrument-specific credit risk is recognized as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) and the remaining amount of a change in estimated fair value is to be recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.

During 2021, the fair value of the 2021 Bridge Debentures was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation, which is commonly used to value convertible debt instruments, and is intended to provide an estimated fair value that approximates the equity value that would be received upon conversion. The significant assumptions used in those models were as follows:

Other notable, but not significant, assumptions utilized in the Monte Carlo simulations included, but were not limited to, implied borrowing and annualized volatility rates.

As a result of the execution of the Merger Agreement on February 24, 2022, the ultimate value to holders of the 2021 Bridge Debentures and 2022 Bridge Debentures upon voluntary or mandatory conversion became clearer, and thus management determined that a Monte Carlo simulation was no longer appropriate for purposes of estimating fair value. Thus, for the first and second quarters of 2022, the estimated fair value of the 2021 Bridge Debentures and 2022 Bridge Debentures was calculated using a probability-weighted expected return model. The significant assumptions used in the models were as follows:

Other notable, but not significant, assumptions used in the probability-weighted expected return model included, but were not limited to, implied borrowing rates. Upon close of the business combination, the 2021 Bridge Debenture and 2022 Bridge Debentures were remeasured at fair value based on the actual conversion.

Going Concern

On a quarterly basis, we assess going concern uncertainty for our consolidated financial statements to determine if we have sufficient cash and cash equivalents on hand and working capital to operate for a period of at least one year from the date our consolidated financial statements are issued or are available to be issued (the “look-forward period”). Based on conditions that are known and reasonably knowable to us, we consider various scenarios, forecasts, projections, and estimates, and we make certain key assumptions, including the timing and nature of projected cash expenditures or programs, among other factors, and our ability to delay or curtail those expenditures or programs within the look-forward period, if necessary. Until additional equity or debt capital is secured and the Company begins generating sufficient revenue, there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires enhanced annual disclosures for specific categories in the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disaggregated by federal, state and foreign taxes. ASU 2023-09 is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning on January 1, 2025. The we plan to adopt ASU 2023-09 effective January 1, 2025 applying a retrospective approach to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. We do not believe the adoption of this new standard will have a material effect on our disclosures.

Factors That May Adversely Affect our Results of Operations

Our results of operations may be adversely affected by various factors that could cause economic uncertainty and volatility in the financial markets, many of which are beyond our control. Our business could be impacted by, among other things, downturns in the financial markets or in economic conditions, increases in oil prices, inflation, increases in interest rates, supply chain disruptions, declines in consumer confidence and spending, a resurgence of the COVID-19 pandemic and/or the emergence of new variants, cyber security risks and geopolitical instability, such as the wars in the Ukraine and Gaza. We cannot at this time fully predict the likelihood of one or more of the above events, their duration or magnitude or the extent to which they may negatively impact our business.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information otherwise required under this item.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Reference is made to the consolidated financial statements listed under the heading (a) (1) Consolidated Financial Statements and Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm of Item 15, which consolidated financial statements are incorporated by reference in response to this Item 8.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Interim Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer or persons performing similar functions, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In accordance with Rules 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Interim Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2023.

Based on this evaluation, our Interim Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer have concluded that during the period covered by this Annual Report, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at a reasonable assurance level and, accordingly, provided reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Company’s principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the Company’s board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Interim Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework, issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 Framework). Based on our evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2023.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Material Weaknesses in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A material weakness in internal controls over financial reporting is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal controls over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

The review, testing and evaluation of key internal controls over financial reporting completed by the Company resulted in the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer concluding that as of December 31, 2023, material weaknesses existed in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting. Specifically, in connection with our:

The Company has and will continue to address the material weaknesses described above through the following actions:

While we continue working diligently to remediate these material weaknesses, there is no assurance that these material weaknesses will be fully remediated by December 31, 2024.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During the most recently completed fiscal quarter, there has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information

None.

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

Not Applicable.

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Our business and affairs are managed by or under the direction of the Board.

The following table sets forth the name, age and position of each of our current directors and executive officers:

The principal occupations and positions for at least the past five years of our directors are described below. There are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers.

Executive Officers

Mark White — Interim Chief Executive Officer and Director

Mr. White has served as our Interim Chief Executive Officer and a director since September 2023. In addition to his roles at the Company, Mr. White has served since 2022, and continues to serve, as President of KR8 AI, a company in the development stage that uses artificial intelligence and machine learning to develop products and tools for content creators. Prior to his role with KR8 AI, in 2014, Mr. White founded and became Chief Executive Officer of One Horizon Group PLC, a predecessor of One Horizon Group, Inc. which he served as Chief Executive Officer and a Director from 2012 to 2014. Mr. White was again appointed Chief Executive Officer and director of One Horizon Group, Inc. in 2017. Mr. White founded Next Destination Limited in 1993, the European distributor for Magellan GPS and satellite products, and sold the business in 1997. Prior to that, Mr. White was Chief Executive Officer for Garmin Europe, where he built up the company’s European distribution network. Mr. White’s entrepreneurial career in the distribution of electronic equipment and telecommunications spans over 25 years. Apart from his product and technical knowledge, Mr. White has a wealth of experience in corporate finance. He has led in excess of 25 merger and acquisition transactions and associated funding and financing rounds and has helped numerous private and public companies obtain financing. We believe that Mr. White’s extensive commercial and operational management experience at technology companies and his experience launching new businesses and raising capital qualifies him to serve on our Board.

Martin Ward — Interim Chief Financial Officer

Mr. Ward has served as our Interim Chief Financial Officer since September 2023. In addition to his role at the Company, Mr. Ward has served since 2022, and continues to serve, as Chief Financial Officer of KR8 AI. Since 2012, Mr. Ward served and continues to serve as the Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and a director of One Horizon Group Inc. Mr. Ward served as the Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and a director of One Horizon Group PLC the predecessor to One Horizon Group, Inc., where he oversaw One Horizon Group’s United Kingdom arm float on the London AIM market and its merger into an OTC market company in 2012 which uplisted to the NASDAQ Capital Market in 2014. Mr. Ward is a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales and qualified as a Chartered Accountant in 1983.

Non-Employee Directors

Bret Barnes — Chairman and Director

Mr. Barnes has served as a member of our Board since November 2021 and became Chairman in November 2022. Since April 2007, Mr. Barnes has served as a Staff Bioinformatics Scientist for Illumina, Inc. (NASDAQ: ILMN). Mr. Barnes has developed a number of patents and products, including methods to examine methylation of genomic DNA and methods for diagnosing respiratory pathogens and predicting COVID-19 related outcomes. Mr. Barnes has been the core bioinformatics lead on all Infinium Methylation products, including all original and new novel design capabilities. In addition to his array development efforts, Mr. Barnes has been instrumental in developing structural variant detection algorithms via DNA sequencing at Illumina, Inc. Prior to that position, Mr. Barnes served as a Bioinformatics Software Engineer from 2005 to 2007 at Science Applications International Corporation (NYSE American: SAIC). Mr. Barnes holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Bioinformatics from the University of California, Santa Cruz. Mr. Barnes was among the first graduates at University of California, Santa Cruz to receive a degree in bioinformatics. We believe that Mr. Barnes’ industry experience qualifies him to serve on the Board.

Francis Colt deWolf III — Director

Mr. deWolf III has served as a director of the Company since January 2024. Mr. deWolf has over 20 years’ experience in the financial services sector. From June 2009 until the President, he has served as President of Colt Capital LLC, a Florida-based company, whose principal activities focus on advising emerging market companies on private and public financing strategies, in particular, the reverse merger process. He is also engaged in lending using equity as collateral as well as trading equity. Notable transactions in which Mr. deWolf was instrumental include China Security (CSR), China Public Security (CNIT), and China Valve (CVVT) . The financing strategies undertaken by these companies have ranged from private equity, to public listings on the NASDAQ and the AMEX. Mr. deWolf’s role in such transactions has not only been advisory; he has also raised capital, sourced legal and audit expertise, as well as ultimately orchestrated large share block sales to private equity funds in order to assist the company in optimizing its share position. From June 2019 to the present, Mr. deWolf has served as Managing Director of Crediblock.com LLC, a global digital productions and marketing agency. From October 2019 to the present, Mr. deWolf has served as Executive Director of Blockstreet Network, Inc., a firm dealing in in acquisition, enhancement and disposition of distressed titles of property. From March 2020 to the present, Mr. deWolf has served as President of Diamond Rock, Inc., a cash/non-cash sponsor of distressed real estate transactions. Prior to founding Colt Capital LLC, Mr. deWolf was a Senior Vice President at Oppenheimer and Company, where he was involved in the Chinese markets, focusing on restricted stock placements, reverse mergers and secondary financing for emerging and mid-size Chinese companies. In the earlier years of his career, Mr. deWolf was a bond broker for Tucker Anthony, and subsequently an equities broker, and Vice President at Prudential Securities in Washington D.C. where he developed his expertise in restricted securities. Mr. deWolf is a graduate of Tulane University and received his business degree from the AB Freeman School of Business Studies at Tulane University.

Board of Directors

Following the consummation of the Business Combination, the Board was divided into three classes, as nearly equal in number as possible and designated Class I, Class II and Class III. The term of the initial Class I directors expired at the first annual meeting of the stockholders following the consummation of the Business Combination, which was held on May 26, 2023. The term of the initial Class II directors will expire at the second annual meeting of the stockholders following the consummation of the Business Combination and the term of the initial Class III directors will expire on the third annual meeting of the stockholders following the consummation of the Business Combination.

Directors elected at annual meetings of stockholders following the consummation of the Business Combination will be elected for terms expiring at the next annual meeting of stockholders or until the election and qualification of their respective successors in office, subject to their earlier death, resignation, removal or the earlier termination of his or her term of office. At our 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on May 26, 2023, our stockholders elected Mr. Barnes, formerly a Class I director, to serve as a director until the next annual meeting of stockholders or until the election and qualification of his successor.

Our Charter and Company Bylaws provide that the authorized number of directors may be changed only by resolution of the Board. Subject to the terms of any preferred stock, any or all of the directors may be removed from office at any time, with or without cause, and only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the voting power of all of the then outstanding shares of voting stock of the Company entitled to vote at an election of directors. Any vacancy on the Board, including a vacancy resulting from an enlargement of the Board, may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Company’s directors then in office.

When considering whether directors and director nominees have the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills, taken as a whole, to enable the Board to satisfy its oversight responsibilities effectively in light of its business and structure, the Board expects to focus primarily on each person’s background and experience as reflected in the information discussed in each of the directors’ individual biographies set forth above in order to provide an appropriate mix of experience and skills relevant to the size and nature of its business.

Director Independence

As a result of our Class A Common Stock being listed on the NYSE American following the consummation of the Business Combination, it is required to comply with the applicable rules of such exchange in determining whether a director is independent. Prior to the completion of the Business Combination, the Board undertook a review of the independence of the individuals named above and have determined that each of Mr. Barnes and Mr. Poole qualifies as “independent” as defined under the applicable NYSE American rules, and the Board consists of a majority of “independent directors,” as defined under the rules of the SEC and NYSE American relating to director independence requirements. In addition, the Company is subject to the rules of the SEC and NYSE American relating to the membership, qualifications and operations of the audit committee, as discussed below.

Board Committees

The Board directs the management of its business and affairs, as provided by Delaware law, and will conduct its business through meetings of the Board and standing committees. We have a standing audit committee, compensation committee and nominating and corporate governance committee, each of which operates under a written charter.

In addition, from time to time, special committees may be established under the direction of the Board when the Board deems it necessary or advisable to address specific issues. Current copies of our committee charters are posted on our website, www.foxotechnologies.com, as required by applicable SEC and the NYSE American rules. The information on or available through any of such website is not deemed incorporated in this Annual Report and does not form part of this Annual Report.

Audit Committee

Our audit committee consists of Bret Barnes and Francis Colt deWolf III. The Board has determined that each of these individuals meets the independence requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act and the applicable listing standards of the NYSE American. Each member of the Company’s audit committee meets the requirements for financial literacy under the applicable NYSE American rules. In arriving at this determination, the Board has examined each audit committee member’s scope of experience and the nature of their prior and/or current employment.

The Board has determined that Mr. deWolf III qualifies as an audit committee financial expert within the meaning of SEC regulations and meets the financial sophistication requirements of the NYSE American rules. In making this determination, the Board has considered Mr. deWolf III’s formal education and previous and current experience in financial and accounting roles. Both the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm and management periodically will meet privately with our audit committee.

The audit committee’s responsibilities include, among other things:

The composition and function of the audit committee complies with applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, SEC rules and regulations and NYSE American listing rules. We will comply with future requirements to the extent they become applicable to us.

Compensation Committee

Our compensation committee consists of Bret Barnes and Francis Colt deWolf III. Bret Barnes and Francis Colt deWolf III are non-employee directors, as defined in Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act. The Board has determined that Bret Barnes and Francis Colt deWolf III are “independent” as defined under the applicable NYSE American listing standards, including the standards specific to members of a compensation committee.

The compensation committee’s responsibilities include, among other things:

The composition and function of its compensation committee complies with all applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, SEC rules and regulations and the NYSE American listing rules. We will comply with future requirements to the extent they become applicable to us.

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

Our nominating and corporate governance committee consists of Bret Barnes and Francis Colt deWolf III. The Board has determined that each of Bret Barnes and Francis Colt deWolf III is “independent” as defined under the applicable listing standards of the NYSE American and SEC rules and regulations.

The nominating and corporate governance committee’s responsibilities include, among other things:

The composition and function of the nominating and corporate governance committee complies with all applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, SEC rules and regulations and NYSE American listing rules. We will comply with future requirements to the extent they become applicable to us.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

None of the members of our compensation committee has ever been an executive officer or employee of the Company. None of our executive officers currently serve, or have served during the last completed fiscal year, on the compensation committee or board of directors of any other entity that has one or more executive officers that will serve as a member of the Board or compensation committee.

Role of the Board in Risk Oversight/Risk Committee

One of the key functions of the Board is informed oversight of our risk management process. The Board does not anticipate having a standing risk management committee, but rather anticipates administering this oversight function directly through the Board as a whole, as well as through various standing committees of the Board that address risks inherent in their respective areas of oversight. For example, our audit committee will be responsible for overseeing the management of risks associated with our financial reporting, accounting, and auditing matters; our compensation committee will oversee the management of risks associated with our compensation policies and programs.

Board Oversight of Cybersecurity Risks

We face a number of risks, including cybersecurity risks and those other risks described under the section titled “Risk Factors” included in this Annual Report. The Board plays an active role in monitoring cybersecurity risks and is committed to the prevention, timely detection, and mitigation of the effects of any such incidents on our operations. In addition to regular reports from each of the Board’s committees, the Board receives regular reports from management on material cybersecurity risks and the degree of our exposure to those risks. While the Board oversees its cybersecurity risk management, management is responsible for day-to-day risk management processes. Management works with third party service providers to maintain appropriate controls. We believe this division of responsibilities is the most effective approach for addressing our cybersecurity risks and that the Board leadership structure supports this approach.

Limitation on Liability and Indemnification of Directors and Officers

Our Charter contains provisions that limit the liability of our directors for damages to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. Consequently, our directors will not be personally liable to us or our stockholders for damages as a result of an act or failure to act in his or her capacity as a director, unless:

Our Charter requires us to indemnify and advance expenses to, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, our directors, officers and agents. Our Charter prohibits any retroactive changes to the rights or protections or increasing the liability of any director in effect at the time of the alleged occurrence of any act or omission to act giving rise to liability or indemnification.

In addition, we have entered and will enter into separate indemnification agreements with some of our directors and officers. These agreements, among other things, require us to indemnify its directors and officers for certain expenses, including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by a director or officer in any action or proceeding arising out of their services as one of our directors or officers or any other company or enterprise to which the person provides services at our request.

We believe these provisions in our Charter are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons as directors and officers for us.

Corporate Governance Guidelines and Code of Business Conduct

The Board adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines that address items such as the qualifications and responsibilities of its directors and director candidates and corporate governance policies and standards applicable to its directors. In addition, the Board adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all of our employees, officers and directors, including our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and other executive and senior financial officers.

The full text of our Corporate Governance Guidelines and its Code of Business Conduct and Ethics will be posted on the Corporate Governance portion of our website at www.foxotechnologies.com by the end of the third quarter of 2024. Information contained on or accessible through our website is not a part of this Annual Report, and the inclusion of the Company’s website address in this Annual Report is an inactive textual reference only. We intend to make any legally required disclosures regarding amendments to, or waivers of, provisions of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics on its website rather than by filing a Current Report on Form 8-K.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

Unless the context otherwise requires, any reference in this section of this Annual Report to “FOXO,” “we,” “us,” or “our” refers to FOXO and its consolidated subsidiaries after the consummation of the Business Combination and to the Company and its subsidiaries after the Business Combination.

FOXO is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, and thus the following disclosures are intended to comply with the scaled disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies and “smaller reporting companies,” as such term is defined in the rules promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act, which require compensation disclosure for our principal executive officer and the two most highly compensated executive officers other than our principal executive officer, whom we refer to as our “named executive officers.”

This section discusses the material components of the executive compensation program offered to our named executive officers. Our named executive officers for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:

This discussion may contain forward-looking statements that are based on our current plans, considerations, expectations and determinations regarding future compensation programs. Actual compensation programs that FOXO adopts could vary materially from our historical practices and currently planned programs summarized in this discussion.

We will continue to update, in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC, information in this section regarding the compensation of our named executive officers.

Summary Compensation Table

The following table sets forth information regarding the total compensation awarded to and earned by our named executive officers for services rendered in all capacities for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Narrative Disclosure to the Summary Compensation Table

Equity-Based Compensation

Legacy FOXO previously utilized its 2020 Plan, or the 2020 Plan, to enable it and its affiliates to attract and retain qualified employees (including officers), consultants and directors to contribute to its long range success, provide incentives that aligned their interests with those of Legacy FOXO stockholders, and promote the success of its business. The Legacy FOXO board of directors adopted, and the Legacy FOXO stockholders approved, the 2020 Plan in 2020. The 2020 Plan governs and previously facilitated the grant of incentive awards, including incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted awards, performance share awards, cash awards and other equity-based awards.

Prior to the closing of the Business Combination, our named executive officers received equity-based compensation in the form of stock option awards under the 2020 Plan, as described below. Under the 2020 Plan, stock option awards generally vest monthly over a three-year period and have a term of five years.

Following the approval of the FOXO Technology Inc. 2022 Plan, which is described below, the 2020 Plan was terminated and no further awards will be granted under the 2020 Plan.

The following describes certain material terms of the 2020 Plan.

Grants, Generally. The 2020 Plan provided both for the direct award or sale of shares and for the grant of incentive stock options (“ISOs”) and non-qualified stock options (“NSOs”). ISOs may have been granted only to Legacy FOXO employees. All other awards may have been granted to employees, consultants and directors of Legacy FOXO.

The maximum number of shares of Legacy FOXO common stock that may have been issued over the term of the 2020 Plan was 700,000 shares on a pre-Business Combination basis, or approximately 406,586 on a post-Business Combination basis. As of December 31, 2023, stock options to purchase 119,371 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock on a post-Business Combination basis with a weighted-average exercise price of $73.02 per share were outstanding under the 2020 Plan. Additionally, 3,000 shares on a pre-Business Combination basis or 1,743 on a post-Business Combination basis of restricted stock were granted pursuant to the 2020 Plan to an employee who is a named executive officer now but was not at the time of issuance. There were no outstanding awards under the 2020 Plan other than these options and restricted stock.

Administration. The Legacy FOXO board of directors, or a committee delegated by the Legacy FOXO board of directors, administered the 2020 Plan. Our Board has assumed such role following the Business Combination. During the term and subject to the terms of the 2020 Plan, the administrator had the power to, among other things, construe and interpret the 2020 Plan and apply its provisions, determined when awards were to be granted under the 2020 Plan and the applicable grant date, prescribed the terms and conditions of each award, including, without limitation, the exercise price and medium of payment and vesting provisions, and specified the provisions of the award agreement relating to such grant, made decisions with respect to outstanding awards that may have become necessary upon a change in corporate control or an event that triggers anti-dilution adjustments, and exercised discretion to make any and all other determinations which it determined to be necessary or advisable for the administration of the 2020 Plan.

Options. Each of the named executive officers was granted a mix of ISOs and NSOs. See the “Outstanding Equity Awards” table below for further information about our named executive officers’ outstanding options as of December 31, 2023.

Under the terms of the 2020 Plan, no stock option is exercisable after the expiration of five years from the grant date.

The exercise price per share of options granted under the 2020 Plan must be at least 100% of the fair market value per share of Legacy FOXO common stock on the grant date, subject to certain exceptions. Subject to the provisions of the 2020 Plan, the administrator determined the other terms of options, including any vesting and exercisability requirements, the method of payment of the option exercise price, the option expiration date, and the period following termination of service during which options may remain exercisable.

Adjustments upon Changes in Stock. In the event of changes in the outstanding Legacy FOXO common stock (now, our shares of Class A Common Stock) or in the capital structure of Legacy FOXO by reason of any stock or extraordinary cash dividend, stock split, reverse stock split, an extraordinary corporate transaction such as any recapitalization, reorganization, merger, consolidation, combination, exchange, or other relevant change in capitalization occurring after the grant date of any award, awards granted under the 2020 Plan and any award agreements, the exercise price of options, the maximum number of shares of Legacy FOXO common stock subject to all awards set forth above would be equitably adjusted or substituted, as to the number, price or kind of a share of Legacy FOXO common stock or other consideration subject to such awards to the extent necessary to preserve the economic intent of such award.

Effect of Change in Control. Unless otherwise provided in an award agreement, in the event of a participant’s termination of continuous service without cause or for good reason (as defined in the 2020 Plan) during the 12-month period following a change in control, all outstanding options will become fully vested and immediately exercisable.

2022 Plan

During the year ended December 31, 2023, we granted 609,770 shares of restricted stock under the 2022 Plan of which 11,100 restricted shares were forfeited during the year. No stock options were granted under the 2022 Plan during the years ended December 2023 and 2022.

Summary of the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan

Eligibility

Employees (including officers), non-employee directors and consultants who render services to us or an affiliate thereof (whether now existing or subsequently established) are eligible to receive awards under the 2022 Plan. Incentive stock options may only be granted to our employees or a parent or subsidiary thereof. As of the date of this Annual Report, we have four non-executive employees, one consultant, two executive officers (one of whom is also a director), and two non-employee directors, eligible to participate in the 2022 Plan. 

Administration

The compensation committee of our Board, or such other committee as may be designated by the Board, or in the absence of any such committee, the Board (the “compensation committee” or “Administrator”) administers the 2022 Plan. Subject to the terms of the 2022 Plan, the compensation committee has complete authority and discretion to determine the terms of awards under the 2022 Plan.

Types of Awards

The 2022 Plan provides for the grant of stock options, which may be ISOs or NSOs, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted shares, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and other equity-based awards, or collectively, awards.

Share Reserve

651,862 shares of Class A Common Stock may be issued under the 2022 Plan. All of the shares available under the 2022 Plan may be issued upon the exercise of ISOs.

Awards granted under the 2022 Plan upon the assumption of, or in substitution for, awards authorized or outstanding under a qualifying equity plan maintained by an entity with which we enter into a merger or similar corporate transaction do not reduce the shares available for grant under the 2022 Plan but will count against the maximum number of shares that may be issued upon the exercise of ISOs.

If options, SARs, restricted stock, RSUs or any other awards are forfeited, cancelled or expire before being exercised or settled in full, the shares subject to such awards will again be available for issuance under the 2022 Plan. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein: shares subject to an award under the 2022 Plan shall not again be made available for issuance or delivery under the 2022 Plan if such shares are (a) shares tendered in payment of an option, (b) shares delivered or withheld by the company to satisfy any tax withholding obligation, or (c) shares covered by a stock-settled SAR or other awards that were not issued upon the settlement of the award. Shares issued under the 2022 Plan may be authorized but unissued shares or treasury shares. As of the date hereof, no awards have been granted under the 2022 Plan.

Annual Limitation on Awards to Non-Employee Directors

The grant date fair value of 2022 Plan awards granted to each non-employee director during any calendar year may not exceed $500,000 (on a per-director basis).

Stock Options

The 2022 Plan authorizes the grant of ISOs and NQSOs (each an “Option”). Options granted under 2022 Plan entitle the grantee, upon exercise, to purchase a specified number of shares of Class A Common Stock from us at a specified exercise price per share. The Administrator of the 2022 Plan determines the period during which an Option may be exercised, as well as any Option vesting schedule, except that no Option may be exercised more than 10 years after the date of grant and will generally expire sooner if the option holder’s service terminates. The exercise price for shares of Class A Common Stock covered by an Option cannot be less than the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant unless pursuant to an assumption or substitution for another option in a manner satisfying the provisions of Section 409A of the Code.

An Option’s exercise price may be paid in cash or by certified check at the time the Option is exercised, or, at the discretion of the Administrator, (1) a stock-for-stock exchange whereby the exercise price is paid by exchange of other common stock with a fair market value equal to the Option exercise price; (2) a “cashless” exchange established with a broker; (3) by reducing the number of shares of common stock otherwise deliverable upon exercise with the fair market value equal to the aggregate Option exercise price; (4) any combination of the previous methods; or (5) in any other form of legal consideration that may be acceptable by the Administrator.

Tax Limitations on Incentive Stock Options

The aggregate fair market value, determined on the date of grant, of shares for which ISOs granted under the 2022 Plan first become exercisable by a participant during any calendar year shall not exceed $100,000, and any amount in excess of $100,000 shall be treated as NQSOs. If an ISO is granted to any employee who owns more than 10% of the total combined voting securities of the Company, the exercise price of such ISO shall be at least 110% of the fair market value of our Class A Common Stock on the date of grant, and such ISO shall not be exercisable more than five years after the date of grant.

Stock Appreciation Rights

Stock appreciation rights may be granted under the 2022 Plan. Stock appreciation rights allow the recipient to receive the appreciation in the fair market value of the Company Class A Common Stock between the exercise date and the date of grant. Stock appreciation rights may not have a term exceeding ten years. The grant price for a stock appreciation right may not be less than 100% of the fair market value per share on the date of grant. Subject to the provisions of the 2022 Plan, the Administrator determines the other terms of stock appreciation rights, including when such rights become exercisable.

Restricted Stock Awards

Restricted stock may be granted under the 2022 Plan. Restricted stock awards are grants of shares of Company Class A Common Stock that vest in accordance with terms and conditions established by the compensation committee. The Administrator determines the number of shares of restricted stock granted to any employee, director or consultant and, subject to the provisions of the 2022 Plan, determines the terms and conditions of such awards. The compensation committee may impose whatever conditions to vesting it determines to be appropriate. The compensation committee, in its sole discretion, may accelerate the time at which any restrictions will lapse or be removed.

Recipients of restricted stock awards generally have voting rights with respect to such shares upon grant unless the Administrator provides otherwise. Unless the Administrator determines otherwise, during the restricted period, all dividends or other distributions paid upon any restricted stock awards will be retained by the Company for the account of the recipient. Such dividends or other distributions will revert to the Company if for any reason the restricted stock award upon which such dividends or other distributions were paid reverts to the company. Upon the expiration of the restricted period, all such dividends or other distributions made on such restricted share and retained by the Company will be paid to the recipient, with or without interest as determined by the Administrator.

Restricted Stock Units

RSUs may be granted under the 2022 Plan. RSUs are bookkeeping entries representing an amount equal to the fair market value of one share of company common stock. Subject to the provisions of the 2022 Plan, the Administrator determines the terms and conditions of RSUs, including the vesting criteria and the form and timing of payment. The Administrator may also grant RSUs with a deferral feature, whereby settlement is deferred beyond the vesting date or lapse of the restricted period until the occurrence of a future payment date or event set forth in an award agreement. A holder of RSUs will have only the rights of a general unsecured creditor of the Company, until the delivery of shares, cash or other securities or property. On the delivery date, the holder of each RSU not previously forfeited or terminated will receive one share, cash or other securities or property equal in value to one share or a combination thereof, as specified by the Administrator.

Other Equity-Based Awards