LUCC Luca Inc (GM)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

DEYU AGRICULTURE CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTE 1. NATURE OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT PREPARATION

Deyu Agriculture Corp. (the “Company”), formerly known as Eco Building International, Inc., was incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on December 23, 2008. We completed the acquisition of City Zone Holdings Limited (“City Zone”), an agricultural products distributor in the Shanxi Province of the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”) engaged in procuring, processing, marketing, and distributing various grain and corn products, by means of a share exchange effective April 27, 2010. As a result of the share exchange, City Zone became our wholly-owned subsidiary. We currently conduct our business primarily through operating PRC subsidiaries, including Jinzhong Deyu Agriculture Trading Co., Ltd. (“Jinzhong Deyu”), Jinzhong Yuliang Agriculture Trading Co., Ltd. (“Jinzhong Yuliang”), Shanxi Taizihu Food Co., Ltd. (“Taizihu”), Shanxi Huichun Bean Products Co., Ltd. (“Huichun” and together with Taizihu, the “Taizihu Group”) and Detian Yu Biotechnology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (“Detian Yu”) and Detian Yu’s subsidiaries.

On May 11, 2010, our Board of Directors adopted a resolution to change our name to "Deyu Agriculture Corp." and FINRA declared the name change effective on June 2, 2010.

Reverse Acquisition

On April 27, 2010, we entered into a Share Exchange Agreement (“Share Exchange”) pursuant to which we issued 8,736,932 shares of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share, to Expert Venture Limited (“Expert Venture”), a company organized under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, and the other shareholders of City Zone (the “City Zone Shareholders”). As a result of the Share Exchange, City Zone became our wholly-owned subsidiary and City Zone Shareholders acquired a majority of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock.

As a result, the Share Exchange has been accounted for as a reverse acquisition using the purchase method of accounting, whereby City Zone is deemed to be the accounting acquirer (the legal acquiree) and we are to be the accounting acquiree (legal acquirer). The financial statements before the date of the Share Exchange are those of City Zone with our results being consolidated from the date of the Share Exchange. The equity section and earnings per share have been retroactively restated to reflect the reverse acquisition and no goodwill has been recorded.

City Zone was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands (“BVI”) on July 27, 2009 under the BVI Business Companies Act of 2004. In November 2009, pursuant to the restructuring plan set out below, City Zone became the holding company of a group of companies comprising Most Smart International Limited ("Most Smart"), Redsun Technology (Shenzhen) Co. Limited (“Shenzhen Redsun”), Shenzhen JiRuHai Technology Co., Ltd.("Shenzhen JiRuHai"), Detian Yu, Jinzhong Deyu, Jinzhong Yongcheng and Jinzhong Yuliang.

Restructuring

In November 2009, pursuant to a restructuring plan intended to ensure compliance with PRC rules and regulations, City Zone, through a series of acquisitions and wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired 100% of the equity interests in Jinzhong Deyu, Jinzhong Yuliang, and Jinzhong Yongcheng. The former shareholders and key management of Jinzhong Deyu, Jinzhong Yongcheng, and Jinzhong Yuliang became the ultimate controlling parties and key management of City Zone. This restructuring has been accounted for as a recapitalization of Jinzhong Deyu, Jinzhong Yongcheng and Jinzhong Yuliang with no adjustment to the historical basis of the assets and liabilities of these companies, while the historical financial positions and results of operations are consolidated as if the restructuring occurred as of the beginning of the earliest period presented in our accompanying consolidated financial statements. For the purpose of a consistent and comparable presentation, the consolidated financial statements have been prepared as if City Zone had been in existence since the beginning of the earliest and throughout the whole periods covered by these consolidated financial statements.

The Acquisition of the Taizihu Group

On February 2, 2012, Shenzhen Redsun, a company organized under the laws of PRC and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, entered into a Stock Equity Transfer Agreement (the “Agreement”) whereby Shenzhen Redsun acquired 100% of the issued and outstanding registered share capital of the Taizihu Group. In consideration for the acquisition of Taizihu Group, Shenzhen Redsun paid $2,342,168 (RMB 14,773,222) in cash to Mr. Hao He, an individual, for 50% of Taizihu, $1,522,409 (RMB 9,602,594) in cash to Mr. Qinghe Xu, an individual, for 32.5% of Taizihu and $819,759 (RMB5,170,628) in cash to Mr. Jinqing Xie, an individual, for the remaining 17.5% of Taizihu. Immediately prior to the execution of the Agreement, Taizihu owned 85% of the issued and outstanding registered share capital of Huichun, and pursuant to the terms of the Agreement, Shenzhen Redsun acquired the remaining 15% of the share capital of Huichun from Beijing Kanggang Food Development Co., Ltd. for $817,845 (RMB 5,158,556). The total amount of the consideration paid for the acquisition of the Taizihu Group was $5,502,181 (RMB 34,705,000), and such consideration was determined pursuant to arm’s length negotiations between the parties. As a result of the acquisition, the Company currently owns and controls 100% of the Taizihu Group.

(1)Taizihu and Huichun became the wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company on February 2, 2012 through a business acquisition. They have been within the scope of consolidation since February 2, 2012.

NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of presentation

The unaudited consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of Deyu Agriculture Corp. and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany account balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Results of operations of companies purchased are included from the dates of acquisition.

These accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP. The Company’s functional currency is the Chinese Yuan, or Renminbi (“RMB”); however, the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been translated and presented in United States Dollars (“USD”).

On April 27, 2010, as a result of the consummation of the Share Exchange, we changed our fiscal year end from May 31 to December 31 to conform to the fiscal year end of City Zone.

Use of estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management makes its estimates based on historical experience and various other assumptions and information that are available and believed to be reasonable at the time the estimates are made. Therefore, actual results could differ from those estimates under different assumptions and conditions.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, cash in banks and all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.

As of June 30, 2013, the balance of restricted cash included: (a) $488,806 of cash restricted as a pledge for a bank loan of $1,303,484 (RMB8, 000,000) obtained from Dah Sing Bank (China) Co. Ltd. on July 18, 2012; the loan was paid off on July 17, 2013; (b) $16,294 of cash restricted as a pledge for a bank loan of $14,664 (RMB90,000) obtained from Bank of Communications Gongzhufen Sub-branch obtained on December 12, 2012.

Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable are recorded at net realizable value consisting of the carrying amount less allowance for doubtful accounts, as needed. We assess the collectability of accounts receivable based primarily upon the creditworthiness of the customer as determined by credit checks and analysis, as well as the customer’s payment history. Management reviews the composition of accounts receivable and analyzes historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer credit worthiness, current economic trends, and changes in customer payment patterns to evaluate the adequacy of these reserves. As of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the balances of accounts receivable greater than three months were not material.

Inventories

The Company's inventories are stated at lower of cost or market. Cost is determined on a moving-average basis. Costs of inventories include purchase and related costs incurred in delivering products to their present location and condition. Market value is determined by reference to selling prices after the balance sheet date or to management’s estimates based on prevailing market conditions. Management periodically evaluates the composition of its inventories at least quarterly to identify slow-moving and obsolete inventories to determine if a valuation allowance is required. As of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, slow moving or obsolete inventories identified by management were not material.

Property, plant, and equipment

Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to earnings as incurred; in additions, renewals and betterments are capitalized. When property, plant, and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts, and any gain or loss is included in operations.

Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

Construction-in-progress

Construction-in-progress consists of amounts expended for the construction of a new factory park, and the cost of the portion of the land use right that the new factory park occupied. Construction-in-progress is not depreciated until such time as the assets are completed and put into service. Once factory park construction is completed, the cost accumulated in construction-in-progress will be transferred to property, plant, and equipment.

Long-lived assets

The Company applies the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 360 (ASC 360), "Property, Plant, and Equipment" which addresses financial accounting and reporting for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets. The Company periodically evaluates the carrying value of long-lived assets to be held and used in accordance with ASC 360, at least on an annual basis. ASC 360 requires the impairment losses to be recorded on long-lived assets used in operations when indicators of impairment are present and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the assets' carrying amounts. In that event, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair market value of the long-lived assets. Loss on long-lived assets to be disposed of is determined in a similar manner, except that fair market values are reduced for the cost of disposal. There was no impairment of long-lived assets as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 or for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012.

Intangible assets

For intangible assets subject to amortization, an impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of the intangible asset is not recoverable and exceeds fair value. The carrying amount of the intangible asset is considered not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset. There was no impairment of intangible assets as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 or for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012.

Fair value measurements

FASB ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements” (formerly SFAS No. 157) defines fair value for certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. It requires that an entity measure its financial instruments to base fair value on exit price, maximize the use of observable units and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to determine the exit price. It establishes a hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. This hierarchy increases the consistency and comparability of fair value measurements and related disclosures by maximizing the use of observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three broad levels based on the reliability of the inputs as follows:

This guidance applies to other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements. On February 12, 2008, the FASB finalized FASB Staff Position (FSP) No. 157-2, Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157 (ASC 820). This Staff Position delays the effective date of SFAS No. 157 (ASC 820) for nonfinancial assets and liabilities to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008 and interim periods within those fiscal years, except for those items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). The adoption of SFAS No. 157 (ASC 820) had no effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2013.

We also analyze all financial instruments with features of both liabilities and equity under ASC 480-10 (formerly SFAS 150, “Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of Both Liabilities and Equity”) and ASC 815-40 (formerly EITF 00-19, “Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments Indexed to, and Potentially Settled in, a Company’s Own Stock”). We have determined ASC 480-10 (formerly SFAS 150) and ASC 815-40 (formerly EITF 00-19) had no material effect on our financial position or results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2013.

Revenue recognition

The Company’s revenue recognition policies are in compliance with the SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104 (“SAB 104”). The Company recognizes product revenue when the following fundamental criteria are met: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery has occurred, (iii) our price to the customer is fixed or determinable and (iv) collection of the resulting accounts receivable is reasonably assured. The Company recognizes revenue for product sales upon transfer of title to the customer. Customer purchase orders and/or contracts are generally used to determine the existence of an arrangement. Shipping documents and the completion of any customer acceptance requirements, when applicable, are used to verify product delivery or that services have been rendered. The Company assesses whether a price is fixed or determinable based upon the payment terms associated with the transaction and whether the sales price is subject to refund or adjustment.

The Company’s revenue is recognized net of value-added tax (VAT), reductions to revenue for estimated product returns, and sales discounts based on volume achieved in the same period that the related revenue is recorded. The estimates are based on historical sales returns, analysis of credit memo data and other factors known at the time. The sales discounts w ere not material for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and $669,420 for the six months ended June 30, 2012.

We offer a right of exchange on our grain products sold through our relationships with grocery store networks. The consumer who purchases the product may exchange it for the same kind and quantity of product originally purchased. In accordance with FASB ASC 605-15-25-1 and 605-15-15-2, these are not considered returns for revenue recognition purposes. For the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, returns of our products were not material.

Advertising costs

The Company expenses the cost of advertising as incurred or, as appropriate, the first time the advertising takes place. Advertising costs for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 were $128,897 and $1,046,917, respectively.

Research and development

The Company expenses its research and development costs as incurred. Research and development expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 were not material.

Stock-based compensation

In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standard Board, or the FASB, issued the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS, No. 123(R), “Share-Based Payment”, which replaces SFAS No. 123 and supersedes APB Opinion No. 25. SFAS No. 123(R) is now included in the FASB’s ASC Topic 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation.” Under SFAS No. 123(R), companies are required to measure the compensation costs of share-based compensation arrangements based on the grant-date fair value and recognize the costs in the financial statements over the period during which employees or independent contractors are required to provide services. Share-based compensation arrangements include stock options and warrants, restricted share plans, performance-based awards, share appreciation rights and employee share purchase plans. In March 2005, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, or SAB 107, which expresses views of the staff regarding the interaction between SFAS No. 123(R) and certain SEC rules and regulations and provides the staff’s views regarding the valuation of share-based payment arrangements for public companies. SFAS No. 123(R) permits public companies to adopt its requirements using one of two methods. On April 14, 2005, the SEC adopted a new rule amending the compliance dates for SFAS No. 123(R). Companies may elect to apply this statement either prospectively, or on a modified version of retrospective application under which financial statements for prior periods are adjusted on a basis consistent with the pro forma disclosures required for those periods under SFAS No. 123.

The Company has fully adopted the provisions of FASB ASC 718 and related interpretations as provided by SAB 107. As such, compensation cost is measured on the date of grant as the fair value of the share-based payments. Such compensation amounts, if any, are amortized over the respective vesting periods of the option grant.

Income taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes.” ASC 740 requires a company to use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes, whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences, and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion, or all of, the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

Under ASC 740, a tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded. The adoption had no material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the six months ended June 30, 2013.

Foreign currency translation and comprehensive income

U.S. GAAP requires that recognized revenue, expenses, gains, and losses be included in net income. Certain statements, however, require entities to report specific changes in assets and liabilities, such as gain or loss on foreign currency translation, as a separate component of the equity section of the balance sheet. Such items, along with net income, are components of comprehensive income. The functional currency of the Company is RMB. The unit of RMB is in Yuan. Translation gains are classified as an item of other comprehensive income in the stockholders’ equity section of the consolidated balance sheet.

Statement of cash flows

In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 230, “Statement of Cash Flows,” cash flows from the Company’s operations are calculated based upon the local currencies. As a result, amounts related to assets and liabilities reported on the consolidated statement of cash flows will not necessarily agree with changes in the corresponding balances on the consolidated balance sheets.

Recent pronouncements

In July 2012, FASB issued an amendment (ASU No. 2012-02) to Intangibles–Goodwill and Other (ASC Topic 350). In accordance with the amendments in this update, an entity has the option first to assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events and circumstances indicates that it is more likely than not that the indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired. If, after assessing the totality of events and circumstances, an entity concludes that it is not more likely than not that the indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired, then the entity is not required to take further action. However, if an entity concludes otherwise, then it is required to determine the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset and perform the quantitative impairment test by comparing the fair value with the carrying amount in accordance with Subtopic 350-30. An entity also has the option to bypass the qualitative assessment for any indefinite-lived intangible asset in any period and proceed directly to performing the quantitative impairment test. An entity will be able to resume performing the qualitative assessment in any subsequent period. The amendments are effective for annual and interim impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2012, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this guidance had no material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2013.

In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-02, “Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reporting of Amounts Reclassified out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.” This ASU does not change the current requirements for reporting net income or other comprehensive income in financial statements. However, this guidance requires an entity to provide information about the amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by component. In addition, an entity is required to present, either on the face of the statement where net income is presented or in the notes, significant amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by the respective line items of net income but only if the amount reclassified is required under U.S. GAAP to be reclassified to net income in its entirety in the same reporting period. For other amounts that are not required under U.S. GAAP to be reclassified in their entirety to net income, an entity is required to cross-reference to other disclosures required under U.S. GAAP that provide additional detail about those amounts. For public entities, the guidance is effective prospectively for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2012. For nonpublic entities, the guidance is effective prospectively for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2013. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations.

In July 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-11, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists.” An unrecognized tax benefit, or a portion of an unrecognized tax benefit, should be presented in the financial statements as a reduction to a deferred tax asset. To the extent a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward is not available at the reporting date under the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction to settle any additional income taxes that would result from the disallowance of a tax position or the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction does not require the entity to use, and the entity does not intend to use, the deferred tax asset for such purpose, the unrecognized tax benefit should be presented in the financial statements as a liability and should not be combined with deferred tax assets. The assessment of whether a deferred tax asset is available is based on the unrecognized tax benefit and deferred tax asset that exist at the reporting date and should be made presuming disallowance of the tax position at the reporting date. For public entities, the guidance is effective prospectively for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2013. For nonpublic entities, the guidance is effective prospectively for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2014. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations.

NOTE 3. BUSINESS COMBINATION

On February 2, 2012, Shenzhen Redsun, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, acquired 100% of the equity interests of the Taizihu Group for cash consideration of $5,502,181 (RMB 34,705,000).  The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination under the purchase method of accounting. The Taizihu Group’s results of operations were included in Deyu’s results beginning February 2, 2012.  The purchase price has been allocated to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on their fair value at the acquisition date as summarized in the following:

The buildings owned by the Company located in Jinzhong and Quwo in Shanxi Province, China are used for production, warehousing and offices for our corn and grains business.

As of June 30, 2013, $5.7 million (RMB 35.2 million) of buildings, machinery and equipment owned by the Taizihu Group were pledged as collateral for short-term bank loans.

Depreciation expense for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 were $994,846 and $964,161, respectively.

NOTE 8. CONSTRUCTION-IN-PROGRESS

Construction-in-progress amounted to $1,970,542 as of June 30, 2013 mainly represents payment on the construction of a new factory park and the partial cost of the land use right where the new factory park occupies in Huichun.

According to government regulations of the PRC, the PRC Government owns all land. The Company owns the land use rights of farmland and industrial lands. The Company leases and has obtained a certificate of right of use on 11,667 square meters with the PRC Government in Jinzhong, Shanxi Province where Jinzhong Deyu's buildings and production facility are located. The term of the right is four to five years and is automatically renewed upon expiration. The right was fully amortized as of December 31, 2010 using the straight-line method. On June 18, 2012, the Company received the extended land use right certificate and the term of the right has been extended to March 14, 2037.

Huichun leases and has obtained a certificate of right to use on 100,000 square meters of industrial land from the PRC Government in Quwo County, Shanxi Province where the Taizihu Group’s buildings and production facility are located. The term of the right is 50 years from October 28, 2008 to October 27, 2058. The amortization of the land use right was commenced in October 2008 using the straight-line method over 50 years. Of the 100,000 square meters of land, approximately 26,000 square meters amounting to $966,886 were used for the construction of a new factory park and were reclassified from intangible assets to construction-in-progress and as reported on the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. The land use right used for the construction of the new factory park has been suspended for amortization since January 2011 when the construction commenced.

As of June 30, 2013, $3,935,205 (RMB 24 million) of the land use right owned by Taizihu Group was pledged as collateral for short-term bank loans, of which $981,490 (RMB 6.0 million) was reclassified under construction-in-progress.

Amortization expense of the intangible assets for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 were $200,876 and $195,548, respectively. 

NOTE 12. INCOME TAXES

United States

Deyu Agriculture Corp. is incorporated in the State of Nevada in the United States of America and is subject to the U.S. federal and state taxation. No provision for income taxes have been made as the Company has no taxable income in the U.S. The applicable income tax rate for the Company for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 was 34%. No tax benefit has been realized since a 100% valuation allowance has offset deferred tax asset resulting from the net operating losses.

British Virgin Islands

City Zone, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, is incorporated in the BVI and, under the current laws of the BVI, is not subject to income taxes.

Hong Kong

Most Smart, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, is incorporated in Hong Kong. Most Smart is subject to Hong Kong taxation on its activities conducted in Hong Kong and income arising in or derived from Hong Kong. No provision for income taxes have been made as Most Smart has no taxable income in Hong Kong.

People’s Republic of China

Under the Enterprise Income Tax (“EIT”) Law of the PRC, the standard EIT rate is 25%. The PRC subsidiaries of the Company are subject to PRC income taxes on an entity basis on income arising in or derived from the tax jurisdiction in which they operate. According to the Tax Pronouncement [2008] No. 149 issued by the State Administration of Tax of the PRC, the preliminary processing industry of agricultural products is entitled to EIT exemption starting January 1, 2008. Three of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries located in the Shanxi Province, China, including Jinzhong Deyu, Jinzhong Yongcheng and Jinzhong Yuliang, are subject to the EIT exemption. All other subsidiaries and consolidated variable interest entities are subject to the 25% EIT rate.

The provision for income taxes on income consists of the following for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012:

The following is a reconciliation of the statutory tax rate to the effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012:

Significant components of the Company’s net deferred tax assets as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 are presented in the following table:

 As of June 30, 2013, the Company accrued a 100% valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets based on the assessment on the probability of future reversion.

NOTE 14. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Reverse Acquisition and Private Placement

On April 27, 2010, we completed the acquisition of City Zone by means of a Share Exchange with (i) City Zone, (ii) the City Zone Shareholders and (iii) our principal shareholders (see NOTE 1). Pursuant to the terms of the Share Exchange, Expert Venture and the other City Zone Shareholders transferred to us all of the shares of City Zone in exchange for the issuance of 8,736,932 shares of our common stock so that Expert Venture and the other minority shareholders of City Zone shall own at least a majority of our outstanding shares.

Our directors approved the Share Exchange and the transactions contemplated thereby. The directors of City Zone also approved the Share Exchange and the transactions contemplated thereby.

As a result of the Share Exchange, we acquired 100% of the equity interests of City Zone, the business and operations of which now constitute our primary business and operations through its wholly-owned PRC subsidiaries. Specifically, as a result of the Share Exchange:

Immediately after the Share Exchange, we entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain accredited investors (the “Investors”) for the issuance and sale in a private placement of 1,866,174 Units at $4.40 per Unit, with each Unit consisting of one share of Series A convertible preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Investor Shares”) and a warrant to purchase 0.4 shares of our common stock with an exercise price of $5.06 per share (the “Warrants”). We initially received gross proceeds from the sale of the 1,866,174 Investor Shares and Warrants to purchase up to 746,479 shares of our common stock of $8,211,166 (the “Private Placement”).

In connection with the Private Placement, we also entered into a registration rights agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”) with the Investors, in which we agreed to file a registration statement (the “Registration Statement”) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) to register for resale the Investor Shares, within 60 calendar days of April 27, 2010, and use our best efforts to have the Registration Statement declared effective within 180 calendar days of April 27, 2010. We agreed to pay monthly liquidated damages in cash to each Investor equal to 0.5% of the dollar amount of the purchase price of the Investor Shares, on a pro rata basis, for each 30 day period the Registration Statement is not declared effective, up to a maximum of 8% of the purchase price, however on October 21, 2010, the SEC declared the Registration Statement effective and no liquidated damages were incurred.

In connection with the Private Placement, Maxim Group, LLC acted as our financial advisor and placement agent (the “Placement Agent” or “Maxim”). The Placement Agent received a cash fee equal to 7% of the gross proceeds of the Private Placement. Maxim also received warrants to purchase 171,911 shares of our common stock at a price per share of $4.84 (the “Placement Agent Warrants”). Pursuant to the original placement agreement entered into by and between Detian Yu and the Placement Agent on January 27, 2010 (the “Original Placement Agreement”), we engaged the Placement Agent to act as the exclusive agent to sell the Units in this offering on a “commercially reasonable efforts basis.” The Placement Agent also received a cash corporate finance fee equally to 1% of our gross proceeds raised in the offering, payable at the time of each closing; five (5) year warrants to purchase that number of shares of Series A convertible preferred stock equal to 5% of the aggregate number of shares of Series A convertible preferred stock underlying the Units issued pursuant to the offering; and a non-refundable cash retainer of $25,000 payable upon the execution of the retainer agreement. We also agreed to pay for all of the reasonable expenses the Placement Agent incurred in connection with the offering.

On May 10, 2010, we closed on the second and final round of the private placement offering for the issuance and sale of 589,689 Units, consisting of 589,689 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock and 235,883 five-year Series A Warrants with an exercise price of $5.06 per share, to certain Investors for total gross proceeds of $2,594,607.

We raised an aggregate amount of $10,805,750 in the offering in two closing events. As of the final closing, we had 9,999,999 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. In connection with the offering, we issued a total of 2,455,863 shares of Series A convertible preferred shares and 982,362 Series A Warrants to the investors. Additionally, the Placement Agent received 171,911 warrants.

Common Stock

As of the final closing of the Private Placement, we had 9,999,999 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Between the final closing of the Private Placement and June 30, 2013, an aggregate of 538,267 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock were converted into 538,267 shares of common stock and an aggregate of 80,000 shares of common stock were issued. As of June 30, 2013, the total number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding was 10,618,266 shares.

Series A Convertible Preferred Stock

Holders of Series A convertible preferred stock (“Series A Preferred”) are entitled to receive cumulative dividends in preference to the holders of our common stock at an annual rate of 5% of the applicable per Series A Preferred original purchase price (the “Dividend Preference” and the “Dividends”). If, after the Dividend Preference has been fully paid or declared and set apart, the Company shall make any additional distributions, then the holders of Series A Preferred shall participate with the holders of common stock on an as-converted basis with respect to such distributions. Dividends are payable in cash or shares of Series A Preferred, at the Company’s option.

Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the holders of Series A Preferred will be entitled to receive, out of the assets of the Company available for distribution to its shareholders, an amount equal to $4.40 per share (the “Liquidation Preference Amount”), before any payment shall be made or any assets distributed to the holders of the common stock (the “Liquidation Preference”).

Each holder of Series A Preferred will have the right, at the option of the holder at any time on or after the issuance of the Series A Preferred, without the payment of additional consideration, to convert the Series A Preferred into a number of fully paid and nonassessable shares of common stock equal to: (i) the Liquidation Preference Amount of such share divided by (ii) the Conversion Price in effect as of the date of the conversion in accordance with the Certificate of Designations of the Series A Preferred.

For a period of two (2) years following the issuance of the Series A Preferred, the conversion price of Series A Preferred was subject to adjustment for issuances of common stock (or securities convertible or exchangeable into shares of common stock) at a purchase price less than the conversion price of the Series A Preferred. The Series A Preferred Stock does not contain any repurchase or redemption rights.

Current accounting standards require that we evaluate the terms and conditions of convertible preferred stock to determine (i) if the nature of the hybrid financial instrument, based upon its economic risks, is more akin to an equity contract or a debt contract for purposes of establishing classification of the embedded conversion feature and (ii) the classification of the host or hybrid financial instrument. Based upon a review of the terms and conditions of the Series A Preferred, the Company has concluded that the financial instrument is more akin to an equity financial instrument. The major consideration underlying this conclusion is that the Series A Preferred is a perpetual financial instrument with no stated maturity or redemption date, or other redemption that is not within the Company’s control. Other considerations in support of the equity conclusion included the voting rights and conversion feature into common shares. While the cumulative dividend feature may, in some instances, be likened to a debt-type coupon, the absence of a stated maturity date was determined to establish the cumulative dividend as a residual return, which does not obviate the equity nature of the financial instrument. Further, there are no cash redemption features that are not within the control of our management. As a result, classification in shareholders’ equity is appropriate for the Series A Preferred.

As of June 30, 2013, an aggregate of 538,267 shares of Series A Preferred were converted into 538,267 shares of common stock and an aggregate of 192,498 shares of Series A Preferred were issued as dividends to the shareholders of Series A Preferred. As of June 30, 2013, the total number of shares of Series A Preferred issued and outstanding was 2,110,094 shares.

For the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, the Company recorded $233,423 and $220,052 preferred dividend expenses, respectively.

Series A Warrants

We issued Series A Warrants to the Investors and the Placement Agent having strike prices of $5.06 and $4.84, respectively, and they expire five (5) years from the original date of issuance. The strike prices are subject to adjustment only for changes in our capital structure, but allow for cashless exercise under a formula that limits the aggregate issuable common shares. There are no redemption features embodied in the warrants and they have met the conditions provided in current accounting standards for equity classification.

There were 982,362 Series A Warrants sold together with the Series A Preferred to the Investors, each of which:

Aggregate gross proceeds from the two (2) closing events amounted to $10,805,750. Direct financing costs totaled $1,742,993, of which $1,555,627 was paid in cash and the balance of $187,366 represents the fair value of warrants linked to 171,911 shares of our common stock that were issued to Maxim. The proceeds and the related direct financing costs were allocated to the Series A Preferred and the Series A Warrants (classified in paid-in capital) based upon their relative fair values. The following table summarizes the components of the allocation:

Fair value considerations:

Our accounting for the sale of Series A Preferred and Series A Warrants, and the issuance of the Series A Warrants to Maxim required the estimation of fair values of the financial instruments on the financing inception date. The development of fair values of financial instruments requires the selection of appropriate methodologies and the estimation of often subjective assumptions. We selected the valuation techniques based upon consideration of the types of assumptions that market participants would likely consider in exchanging the financial instruments in market transactions. The Series A Preferred was valued based upon a common stock equivalent method, enhanced by the cumulative dividend feature. The dividend feature was valued as the estimated cash flows of the dividends discounted to present value using an estimated weighted average cost of capital. The warrants were valued using a Black-Scholes-Merton Valuation Technique because it embodies all of the requisite assumptions (including trading volatility, estimated terms and risk free rates) necessary to fair value these instruments.

These fair values were necessary to develop relative fair value calculation for allocations of certain elements of the financing arrangement, principally proceeds and the related direct financing costs. The following tables reflect assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Series A Preferred:

Fair value hierarchy of the above assumptions can be categorized as follows:

The following tables reflect assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Series A Warrants:

Fair value hierarchy of the above assumptions can be categorized as follows:

The following is a summary of the status and activity of warrants outstanding as of June 30, 2013:

As of June 30, 2013, the Company had one share-based compensation plan as described below. The compensation cost that had been charged against income for the plan was $43,039 and $290,051 for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The related income tax benefit recognized was $14,633 and $98,617 for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. A 100% valuation allowance was assessed against the deferred tax assets derived from such tax benefit as of June 30, 2013 and 2012.

On November 4, 2010, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the Company’s 2010 Share Incentive Plan. On November 8, 2010, a total of 931,000 non-qualified incentive stock options were approved by our Board of Directors and granted under the Plan to executives, key employees, independent directors, and consultants at an exercise price of $4.40 per share and on December 15, 2010, 40,000 non-qualified incentive stock shares were approved by our Board of Directors and granted under the Plan to a consultant at an exercise price of $4.40 per share, of which shall vest as follows:

33 1/3% of the option grants vested one (1) month after the date of grant;

33 1/3% of the option grants vested twelve (12) months after the date of grant; and

33 1/3% of the option grants vested twenty-four (24) months after the date of grant.

On March 8, 2012, the Company’s Board of Directors increased the number of shares allocated to and authorized for use under the Plan from 1,000,000 shares to the maximum number of shares allowable pursuant to the terms of the Plan (1,245,586) and granted 420,000 options under the Plan to independent directors, officers and key employees of the Company, of which included some new options and those re-granted after such options were forfeited by other former employees as a result of their resignations from the Company in accordance with the terms of their option agreements. All of the granted options vest as follows:

50% of the options granted vested six (6) months after the date of the grant; and

50% of the options granted vested twelve (12) months after the date of the grant.

On November 23, 2012, our Board of Directors allocated to and authorized to re-grant 150,000 options to a director of the Company after such options were forfeited by other former employees as a result of their resignations from the Company in accordance with the terms of their option agreements. All of the granted options vest as follows:

The fair value of each option award was estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model that uses the assumptions noted in the following table. The model is based on the assumption that it is possible to set up a perfectly hedged position consisting of owning the shares of stock and selling a call option on the stock. Any movement in the price of the underlying stock will be offset by an opposite movement in the options value, resulting in no risk to the investor. This perfect hedge is riskless and, therefore, should yield the riskless rate of return. As the Black-Scholes option pricing model applies to stocks that do not pay dividends, we made an adjustment developed by Robert Merton to approximate the option value of a dividend-paying stock. Under this adjustment method, it is assumed that the Company’s stock will generate a constant dividend yield during the remaining life of the options.

The following tables reflect assumptions used to determine the fair value of the option award:

Options granted on November 8, 2010:

Options granted on December 15, 2010:

Options granted on March 8, 2012:

Options granted on November 23, 2012:

Fair value hierarchy of the above assumptions can be categorized as follows:

The estimates of fair value from the model are theoretical values of stock options and changes in the assumptions used in the model could result in materially different fair value estimates. The actual value of the stock options will depend on the market value of the Company’s common stock when the stock options are exercised.

A summary of option activity under the Plan as of June 30, 2013, and changes during the six months ended June 30, 2013 is presented below:

(1) Includes vested shares and unvested shares after a forfeiture rate is applied.

A summary of the status of the Company’s unvested shares as of June 30, 2013, and changes during the six months ended June 30, 2013 is presented below:

Transactions

Jianbin Zhou, the Chief Operating Officer of the Company, is the legal representative of Beijing Doukounianhua Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The prices in the transactions with related parties were determined according to the market price sold to or purchased from third parties.

Due from related parties

Due to related parties

Mr. Wenjun Tian, the former President and Director of the Company, is the President and Executive Director of Dongsheng International Investment Co., Ltd. Those loans as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 are unsecured, bear no interest and no due date is specified.

Mr. Feng Liu is the legal representative and a non-controlling shareholder of Jilin Jinglong.

Guarantees

As of June 30, 2013, Mr. Wenjun Tian provided guarantees on short-term loans obtained by Detian Yu. Yuci Jinmao Food Processing Factory, of which the legal representative is Junlian Zheng, the wife of Junde Zhang, the Vice President of the Company, provided guarantees on short-term loans obtained by Jinzhong Yongcheng and Jinzhong Yuliang.

The Company defined reportable segments according to ASC Topic 280. The segments, including corn division, grain division and bulk trading division, are identified primarily based on the structure of allocating resources and assessing performance of the group.

The corn division is in the business of purchasing corn from farmers, simple processing and distributing to agricultural product trading companies through wholesale. The business of the grain division is conducted by processing and distributing grains and other products. The business of the bulk trading division is conducted by bulk purchasing and the sale of raw grain.