By Sara Sjolin, MarketWatch

LONDON (MarketWatch) -- European stock markets struggled for direction in early trade on Wednesday, as earnings reports from heavyweights such as Unilever PLC and Novartis AG gave reason for some optimism, while investors looked ahead to budget talks in the U.S.

The Stoxx Europe 600 index slipped 0.1% to 287.44 and was swinging between small gains and losses.

Shares of Alcatel-Lucent posted some of the biggest gains in the index, up 4%, after Citigroup lifted the telecom-equipment firm to neutral from sell.

Also among risers, shares of Unilever PLC (UL) picked up 2.2%, after the consumer-products major reported a 5.4% rise in full-year profit as sales accelerated.

In the same vein, shares of Novartis AG put on 2.3%. The Swiss drug maker said that profit rose in the fourth quarter even as sales stagnated, but that it expects to return to growth next year.

U.S. budget talks

For the broader stock markets, investors trained their attention on U.S. deficit talks expected to take place later in the day. The House of Representatives was due to vote on raising the U.S. debt limit through the middle of May, while President Barack Obama was expected to sign the bill if it passes Congress.

U.S. stocks closed higher on Tuesday, supported by encouraging earnings from tech majors Google (GOOG) and IBM (IBM).

U.S. stock futures pointed to a lower open on Wall Street.

Closer to home, the German DAX 30 index traded in tight ranges around 7,695.16, as heavyweight industrial firm Siemens AG (SI) dropped 0.9%. The company said net profit in the three months to Dec. 31 dropped 12% as orders slipped.

And in France, shares of BNP Paribas SA lost 1.4%, after Deutsche Bank cut the bank to hold from buy.

The CAC 40 index traded 0.3% lower at 3,730.35.

Among U.K. stocks, shares of TUI Travel PLC gave up 4.4%, as TUI AG said it won't bid for the British travel agent.

The FTSE 100 index , however, rose 0.1% to 6,186.25, supported by the gains for Unilever.

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