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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
___________________________________
FORM 10-Q
___________________________________
(Mark One)
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2019
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For transition period from               to
Commission File Number 001-36773
___________________________________
WORKIVA INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
___________________________________
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
47-2509828
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
2900 University Blvd
Ames, IA 50010
(888) 275-3125
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)
(888) 275-3125
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
___________________________________

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  ý  No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). Yes  ý  No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer  ý
Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer   o
Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): Yes  ☐  No ý
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbol Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A common stock, par value $0.001 WK New York Stock Exchange
As of August 2, 2019, there were approximately 36,762,217 shares of the registrant's Class A common stock and 9,265,596 shares of the registrant's Class B common stock outstanding.


WORKIVA INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
i
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and are subject to the safe harbor created thereby. All statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q other than statements of historical facts, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, our business strategy and plans and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those described in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in any subsequent filing we make with the SEC, as well as in any documents incorporated by reference that describe risks and factors that could cause results to differ materially from those projected in these forward-looking statements.
Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the future events and trends discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.
Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, achievements or events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will occur. We are under no duty to update any of these forward-looking statements after completion of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to conform these statements to actual results or revised expectations.
ii
Part I. Financial Information
Item 1.  Financial Statements
WORKIVA INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts) 
As of June 30, 2019 As of December 31, 2018
(unaudited)
ASSETS 
Current assets 
Cash and cash equivalents $ 94,713  $ 77,584 
Marketable securities 42,855  20,764 
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,000 and $956 at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively
47,206  65,107 
Deferred commissions 11,380  8,178 
Other receivables 1,236  1,181 
Prepaid expenses 7,963  4,417 
Total current assets  205,353  177,231 
Property and equipment, net 41,046  41,468 
Operating lease right-of-use assets 16,510  — 
Deferred commissions, non-current 13,259  10,569 
Intangible assets, net  1,832  1,266 
Other assets  1,982  577 
Total assets  $ 279,982  $ 231,111 
1
WORKIVA INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (continued) 
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts) 
As of June 30, 2019 As of December 31, 2018
(unaudited) 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) 
Current liabilities 
Accounts payable
$ 4,768  $ 5,461 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
42,147  36,353 
Deferred revenue
156,234  148,545 
Current portion of financing obligations
1,285  1,222 
Total current liabilities  204,434  191,581 
Deferred revenue, non-current
28,049  25,171 
Other long-term liabilities
1,284  6,891 
Operating lease liabilities, non-current 20,038  — 
Financing obligations, non-current
16,550  17,208 
Total liabilities  270,355  240,851 
Stockholders’ equity (deficit) 
Class A common stock, $0.001 par value per share, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized, 36,633,696 and 34,498,391 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively
37  34 
Class B common stock, $0.001 par value per share, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 9,265,596 and 9,545,596 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively
9  10 
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding
—  — 
Additional paid-in-capital
332,161  297,145 
Accumulated deficit
(322,812) (307,027)
Accumulated other comprehensive income
232  98 
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)  9,627  (9,740)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit) $ 279,982  $ 231,111 
See accompanying notes.
2
WORKIVA INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited) 
Three months ended June 30,  Six months ended June 30, 
2019 2018 2019 2018
Revenue 
Subscription and support $ 60,472  $ 48,837  $ 116,595  $ 95,307 
Professional services 13,012  10,293  26,852  23,729 
Total revenue  73,484  59,130  143,447  119,036 
Cost of revenue 
Subscription and support 10,202  8,637  20,011  17,439 
Professional services 10,475  7,659  20,202  15,368 
Total cost of revenue  20,677  16,296  40,213  32,807 
Gross profit  52,807  42,834  103,234  86,229 
Operating expenses 
Research and development 21,795  20,718  43,806  40,845 
Sales and marketing 28,213  22,252  53,578  43,258 
General and administrative 11,226  21,654  21,609  33,422 
Total operating expenses  61,234  64,624  118,993  117,525 
Loss from operations  (8,427) (21,790) (15,759) (31,296)
Interest expense (433) (449) (873) (899)
Other income, net  530  492  850  835 
Loss before (benefit) provision for income taxes  (8,330) (21,747) (15,782) (31,360)
(Benefit) provision for income taxes  (8) 21  3  26 
Net loss  $ (8,322) $ (21,768) (15,785) (31,386)
Net loss per common share: 
Basic and diluted $ (0.18) $ (0.50) $ (0.35) $ (0.73)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted 46,166,660  43,234,655  45,700,559  43,048,110 

See accompanying notes.


3
WORKIVA INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(in thousands)
(unaudited) 
Three months ended June 30,  Six months ended June 30, 
2019 2018 2019 2018
Net loss  $ (8,322) $ (21,768) $ (15,785) $ (31,386)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax 
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of income tax benefit (expense) of $(2) and $0 for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and net of income tax benefit (expense) of $(5) and $0 for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively
6  42  15  31 
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities, net of income tax benefit (expense) of $(26) and $0 for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and net of income tax benefit (expense) of $(41) and $0 for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively
76  17  119  (28)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax  82  59  134  3 
Comprehensive loss  $ (8,240) $ (21,709) $ (15,651) $ (31,383)

See accompanying notes.


4
WORKIVA INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
Common Stock (Class A and B)
Shares Amount Additional Paid-in-Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Accumulated Deficit Total Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
Balances at December 31, 2018 44,044  $ 44  $ 297,145  $ 98  $ (307,027) $ (9,740)
Stock-based compensation expense —  —  8,193  —  —  8,193 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options 961  1  11,054  —  —  11,055 
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan 101  —  2,149  —  —  2,149 
Issuance of restricted stock units 25  —  —  —  —  — 
Tax withholding related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards (10)  —  (390)  —  —  (390)
Net loss —  —  —  —  (7,463)  (7,463)
Other comprehensive income —  —  —  52  —  52 
Balances at March 31, 2019 45,121  $ 45  $ 318,151  $ 150  $ (314,490) $ 3,856 
Stock-based compensation expense —  —  8,513  —  —  8,513 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options 455  1  5,497  —  —  5,498 
Issuance of restricted stock units 323  —  —  —  —  — 
Net loss —  —  —  —  (8,322)  (8,322) 
Other comprehensive income —  —  —  82  —  82 
Balances at June 30, 2019 45,899  $ 46  $ 332,161  $ 232  $ (322,812) $ 9,627 
5
WORKIVA INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) (continued)
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
Common Stock (Class A and B)
Shares Amount Additional Paid-in-Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Accumulated Deficit Total Stockholders' Deficit
Balances at December 31, 2017 42,369  $ 42  $ 248,289  $ 72  $ (265,337) $ (16,934)
Cumulative-effect adjustment in connection with the adoption of ASU 2014-09 —  —  —  —  8,381  8,381 
Stock-based compensation expense —  —  5,905  —  —  5,905 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options 296  1  3,075  —  —  3,076 
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan 80  —  1,370  —  —  1,370 
Issuance of restricted stock units 9  —  —  —  —  — 
Tax withholding related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards (61)  —  (1,342) —  —  (1,342)
Net loss —  —  —  —  (9,618) (9,618)
Other comprehensive loss —  —  —  (56) —  (56)
Balances at March 31, 2018 42,693  $ 43  $ 257,297  $ 16  $ (266,574) $ (9,218)
Stock-based compensation expense —  —  10,465  —  —  10,465 
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options 328  —  3,317  —  —  3,317 
Issuance of restricted stock units 64  —  —  —  —  — 
Tax withholding related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards (23)  —  (519) —  —  (519)
Net loss —  —  —  —  (21,768) (21,768)
Other comprehensive loss —  —  —  59  —  59 
Balances at June 30, 2018 43,062  $ 43  $ 270,560  $ 75  $ (288,342) $ (17,664)

See accompanying notes.

6
WORKIVA INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 
(in thousands)
(unaudited) 
Three months ended June 30,  Six months ended June 30, 
2019 2018 2019 2018
Cash flows from operating activities 
Net loss  $ (8,322) $ (21,768) $ (15,785) $ (31,386)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: 
Depreciation and amortization 971  876  1,874  1,748 
Stock-based compensation expense 8,513  10,465  16,706  16,370 
Provision for doubtful accounts  233  139  46  183 
(Accretion) amortization of premiums and discounts on marketable securities, net  (23) (15) (104) 3 
Deferred income tax (28) —  (46) — 
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable 3,133  (236) 17,951  6,306 
Deferred commissions (3,833) (2,020) (5,862) (3,669)
Operating lease right-of-use asset 556  —  1,224  — 
Other receivables 161  148  (53) 175 
Prepaid expenses and other (310) (2,020) (3,546) (1,789)
Other assets 58  (110) (1,406) (168)
Accounts payable 1,206  (1,294) (356) 1,383 
Deferred revenue 8,295  8,747  10,282  6,402 
Operating lease liability (813) —  (1,468) — 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 8,966  4,542  4,425  3,679 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities  18,763  (2,546) 23,882  (763)
Cash flows from investing activities 
Purchase of property and equipment (454) (210) (2,197) (219)
Purchase of marketable securities (18,562) (11,283) (40,717) (11,283)
Maturities of marketable securities 11,500  3,900  18,890  4,400 
Purchase of intangible assets (577) (64) (661) (128)
Net cash used in investing activities  (8,093) (7,657) (24,685) (7,230)
7
WORKIVA INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (continued) 
(in thousands)
(unaudited) 
Three months ended June 30,  Six months ended June 30, 
2019 2018 2019 2018
Cash flows from financing activities 
Proceeds from option exercises 5,498  3,318  16,553  6,393 
Taxes paid related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards —  (519) (390) (1,861)
Proceeds from shares issued in connection with employee stock purchase plan  —  —  2,149  1,370 
Principal payments on capital lease and financing obligations  (301) (294) (595) (592)
Proceeds from government grants —  22  —  22 
Net cash provided by financing activities  5,197  2,527  17,717  5,332 
Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash  110  (85) 215  (177)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents  15,977  (7,761) 17,129  (2,838)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period  78,736  65,256  77,584  60,333 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period  $ 94,713  $ 57,495  $ 94,713  $ 57,495 
Supplemental cash flow disclosure 
Cash paid for interest $ 422  $ 435  $ 886  $ 868 
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds $ 28  $ 54  $ 261  $ 56 
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities 
Allowance for tenant improvements $ —  $ 105  $ —  $ 127 
Purchases of property and equipment, accrued but not paid  $ 444  $ 254  $ 444  $ 254 
See accompanying notes.


8
WORKIVA INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Organization and Significant Accounting Policies
Organization
Workiva Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Company” or “we” or “us”) is a leading provider of cloud-based solutions for connected reporting and compliance. Our platform, Wdesk, is used by thousands of public and private companies, government agencies and higher-education institutions. Wdesk offers controlled collaboration, data linking, data integrations, granular permissions, process management and a full audit trail. We sell to customers in the areas of: finance and accounting; risk and controls; regulatory reporting; financial close, management and performance reporting; and statutory and corporate tax reporting. Our operational headquarters are located in Ames, Iowa, with additional offices located in the United States, Europe, the Asia-Pacific region and Canada.
We updated our accounting policies on the use of estimates, impairment of long-lived assets and leases as a result of our adopting Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) guidance issued in accounting standards codification (ASC) 842, Leases , under the Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-02 (collectively the new lease standard). Otherwise, there have been no changes to our significant accounting policies described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on February 20, 2019, that have had a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes.
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
The financial information presented in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements has been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and in accordance with rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, the financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The condensed consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2018 was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting primarily of normal recurring accruals, necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position and results of operations. The operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year ending December 31, 2019.
Seasonality has affected our revenue, expenses and cash flows from operations. Revenue from professional services has been higher in the first quarter as many of our customers file their Form 10-K in the first calendar quarter. Sales and marketing expense has been higher in the third quarter due to our annual user conference in September. In addition, the timing of the payments of cash bonuses to employees during the first and fourth calendar quarters may result in some seasonality in operating cash flow. The condensed consolidated financial information should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contained in this report and the consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the SEC on February 20, 2019.
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Workiva Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Additionally, certain prior period amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. The reclassification of the prior period amounts were not material to the previously reported consolidated financial statements.
9
Use of Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions believed to be reasonable. These estimates include, but are not limited to, the allowance for doubtful accounts, the determination of the relative selling prices of our services, the measurement of material rights, health insurance claims incurred but not yet reported, valuation of available-for-sale marketable securities, useful lives of deferred contract costs, intangible assets and property and equipment, income taxes, discount rates used in the valuation of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, and certain assumptions used in the valuation of equity awards. While these estimates are based on our best knowledge of current events and actions that may affect us in the future, actual results may differ materially from these estimates.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets, such as property, equipment, right-of-use assets and software and intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. If circumstances require that a long-lived asset or asset group be tested for possible impairment, we first compare the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by that long-lived asset or asset group to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds its fair value.
Leases
We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets, other current liabilities, and operating lease liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. We currently have no finance leases.
ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. Our variable lease payments consist of non-lease services related to the lease. Variable lease payments are excluded from the ROU assets and lease liabilities and are recognized in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. As our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives incurred. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
We have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components. We have elected to account for these lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. We are also electing not to apply the recognition requirements to short-term leases of 12 months or less and instead will recognize lease payments as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
10
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued guidance codified in ASC 842, Leases , which supersedes the guidance in former ASC 840, Leases , to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by requiring recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements (with the exception of short-term leases).
In July 2018, the FASB issued an update (ASU 2018-11) to the existing transition guidance that allows entities to recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. Effective January 1, 2019, we adopted ASC 842 using this new transition guidance. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standard in effect for those periods.
We have elected to use the package of practical expedients, which allows us to not (1) reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are considered or contain leases; (2) reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and (3) reassess the initial direct costs for any existing leases. We did not elect the hindsight practical expedient, which permits entities to use hindsight in determining the lease term and assessing impairment.
Adoption of the new standard had a material impact on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The most significant impacts related to the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases. The adoption of ASC 842 had no impact on our condensed consolidated statements of operations or total cash flows from operations.
The cumulative effect of the changes made to our consolidated January 1, 2019 balance sheet for the adoption of ASC 842 were as follows (in thousands):
As of December 31, 2018 Adjustments due to ASC 842 adoption As of January 1, 2019
Assets
Operating right-of-use asset
$ —  $ 15,694  $ 15,694 
Liabilities 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities  36,353  2,319  38,672 
Other long-term liabilities 6,891  (6,007) 884 
Operating lease liabilities, non-current
—  19,382  19,382 
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, which clarifies the accounting for implementation costs in cloud computing arrangements. The update will become effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and may be adopted either retrospectively or prospectively. Early adoption is permitted. We adopted this standard prospectively effective April 1, 2019. The adoption of this new guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
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New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which amends the current accounting guidance and requires the measurement of all expected losses based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. For trade receivables, loans, and other financial instruments, we will be required to use a forward-looking expected loss model that reflects probable losses rather than the incurred loss model for recognizing credit losses. The standard will become effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. Application of the amendments is through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date. We plan to adopt this standard on the effective date and are currently evaluating the impact of this new standard on our consolidated financial statements.
2. Supplemental Consolidated Balance Sheet Information
Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
As of June 30, 2019 As of December 31, 2018
Accrued vacation  $ 7,947  $ 6,906 
Accrued commissions  5,372  7,265 
Accrued bonuses  7,337  5,643 
Estimated health insurance claims  1,170  1,100 
ESPP employee contributions  2,797  2,156 
Customer deposits  9,594  7,395 
Operating lease liabilities  2,785  — 
Accrued other liabilities  5,145  5,888 
$ 42,147  $ 36,353 

3. Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities
At June 30, 2019, marketable securities consisted of the following (in thousands):
Amortized Cost
Unrealized Gains
Unrealized Losses
Aggregate Fair Value
Money market funds  $ 71,937  $ —  $ —  $ 71,937 
U.S. treasury debt securities  3,931  5  —  3,936 
U.S. corporate debt securities  38,833  97  (11) 38,919 
$ 114,701  $ 102  $ (11) $ 114,792 
Included in cash and cash equivalents  $ 71,937  $ —  $ —  $ 71,937 
Included in marketable securities  $ 42,764  $ 102  $ (11) $ 42,855 
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At December 31, 2018, marketable securities consisted of the following (in thousands):
Amortized Cost
Unrealized Gains
Unrealized Losses
Aggregate Fair Value
Money market funds  $ 52,068  $ —  $ —  $ 52,068 
Commercial paper  7,448  —  —  7,448 
U.S. treasury debt securities  2,494  —  (1) 2,493 
U.S. corporate debt securities  10,890  —  (67) 10,823 
$ 72,900  $ —  $ (68) $ 72,832 
Included in cash and cash equivalents  $ 52,068  $ —  $ —  $ 52,068 
Included in marketable securities  $ 20,832  $ —  $ (68) $ 20,764 
The following table presents gross unrealized losses and fair values for those marketable securities that were in an unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2019, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position (in thousands):
As of June 30, 2019
Less than 12 months
12 months or greater
Fair Value
Unrealized Loss
Fair Value
Unrealized Loss
U.S. treasury debt securities  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
U.S. corporate debt securities  996  (1) 3,494  (10)
Total  $ 996  $ (1) $ 3,494  $ (10)
We do not believe any of the unrealized losses represented an other-than-temporary impairment based on our evaluation of available evidence, which includes our intent as of June 30, 2019 to hold these investments until the cost basis is recovered.
4. Fair Value Measurements
We determine the fair values of our financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability occurs in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability and establishes that the fair value of an asset or liability shall be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The classification of a financial asset or liability within the hierarchy is based upon the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three levels that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1 - Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
Level 3 - Inputs are unobservable inputs based on our assumptions.
13
Financial Assets
Cash equivalents primarily consist of AAA-rated money market funds with overnight liquidity and no stated maturities. We classified cash equivalents as Level 1 due to the short-term nature of these instruments and measured the fair value based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.
When available, our marketable securities are valued using quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets. If we are unable to value our marketable securities using quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets, we value our investments using broker reports that utilize quoted market prices for comparable instruments. We validate, on a sample basis, the derived prices provided by the brokers by comparing their assessment of the fair values of our investments against the fair values of the portfolio balances of another third-party professional pricing service. As of June 30, 2019, all of our marketable securities were valued using quoted prices for comparable instruments in active markets and are classified as Level 2.
Based on our valuation of our money market funds and marketable securities, we concluded that they are classified in either Level 1 or Level 2, and we have no financial assets measured using Level 3 inputs. The following table presents information about our assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using the above input categories (in thousands):
Fair Value Measurements as of June 30, 2019 Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2018
Description
Total
Level 1
Level 2
Total
Level 1
Level 2
Money market funds  $ 71,937  $ 71,937  $ —  $ 52,068  $ 52,068  $ — 
Commercial paper  —  —  —  7,448  —  7,448 
U.S. treasury debt securities  3,936  —  3,936  2,493  —  2,493 
U.S. corporate debt securities  38,919  —  38,919  10,823  —  10,823 
$ 114,792  $ 71,937  $ 42,855  $ 72,832  $ 52,068  $ 20,764 
Included in cash and cash equivalents  $ 71,937  $ 52,068 
Included in marketable securities  $ 42,855  $ 20,764 

14
5. Leases
Operating Leases
We lease certain office and residential space under non-cancelable operating leases with various lease terms through June 2043. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Certain office leases include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from 3 to 5 years. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion and is generally excluded from the lease term at lease inception. Our leases generally require us to pay a proportionate share of real estate taxes, insurance, common area maintenance, and other operating costs in addition to a base or fixed rent.
The components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended June 30, 2019 Six months ended June 30, 2019
Operating lease cost $ 839  $ 1,764 
Short-term lease cost 299  538 
Variable lease cost 229  432 
$ 1,367  $ 2,734 
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended June 30, 2019 Six months ended June 30, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases $ 1,119  $ 2,080 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases $ —  $ 2,033 

Other supplemental information related to leases was as follows:
As of June 30, 2019
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (in years)
Operating leases 8.0
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases 5.7  %

15
As of June 30, 2019, future estimated minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases were as follows (in thousands):
Operating Leases
Remainder of 2019 $ 1,899 
2020 4,200 
2021 4,241 
2022 3,872 
2023 3,540 
Thereafter 11,255 
Total minimum lease payments 29,007 
Less: Amount representing interest (6,184)
Total $ 22,823 
As of June 30, 2019, we did not have additional operating or financing leases that had not yet commenced.
6. Commitments and Contingencies
Other Purchase Commitments
In June 2019, we entered into certain non-cancelable agreements with third-party providers for our use of cloud services in the ordinary course of business. Under these agreements, we are committed to purchase $0.9 million in fiscal year 2019, $1.7 million in fiscal year 2020, $1.7 million in fiscal year 2021, and $0.9 million in fiscal year 2022.
Litigation
From time to time we may become involved in legal proceedings or be subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of our business. We evaluate the development of legal matters on a regular basis and accrue a liability when we believe a loss is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we currently believe that the final outcome of any currently pending legal proceedings to which we are a party will not have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition or cash flows. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.
7. Stock-Based Compensation
We grant stock-based incentive awards to attract, motivate and retain qualified employees, non-employee directors and consultants, and to align their financial interests with those of our stockholders. We utilize stock-based compensation in the form of restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, options to purchase Class A common stock and Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) purchase rights.
As of June 30, 2019, awards outstanding under the 2009 Plan consisted of stock options, and awards outstanding under the 2014 Plan consisted of stock options and restricted stock units.
As of June 30, 2019, 2,381,097 shares of Class A common stock were available for grant under the 2014 Plan.
16
Our ESPP became effective on June 13, 2017. Under the ESPP, eligible employees are granted options to purchase shares of Class A common stock at the lower of 85% of the fair market value of the stock at the time of grant or 85% of the fair market value at the time of exercise. Options to purchase shares are granted twice yearly on or about January 15 and July 15 and are exercisable on or about the succeeding July 14 and January 14, respectively, of each year. As of June 30, 2019, 4,719,674 shares of Class A common stock were available for issuance under the ESPP. No participant may purchase more than $12,500 worth of common stock in a six -month offering period.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
Stock-based compensation expense was recorded in the following cost and expense categories consistent with the respective employee or service provider’s related cash compensation (in thousands):
Three months ended June 30,  Six months ended June 30, 
2019 2018 2019 2018
Cost of revenue 
Subscription and support
$ 399  $ 228  $ 756  $ 399 
Professional services
431  146  840  296 
Operating expenses 
Research and development
1,851  1,495  3,751  2,516 
Sales and marketing
2,032  1,440  3,996  2,553 
General and administrative
3,800  7,156  7,363  10,606 
Total
$ 8,513  $ 10,465  $ 16,706  $ 16,370 
Stock Options
The following table summarizes the option activity under the Plans for the six months ended June 30, 2019:




Options

Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years)
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
(in thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2018 6,400,175  $ 13.65  6.1 $ 142,340 
Granted  —  — 
Forfeited  (26,160) 17.66 
Exercised  (1,416,176) 11.69 
Outstanding at June 30, 2019 4,957,839  $ 14.19  5.9 $ 217,653 
Exercisable at June 30, 2019 4,047,243  $ 13.59  5.6 $ 180,085 
Options to purchase Class A common stock generally vest over a three - or four -year period and are generally granted for a term of ten years. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was $53.3 million and $8.7 million, respectively.
No options were granted during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018. The total fair value of options vested during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was approximately $3.9
17
million and $8.4 million, respectively. Total unrecognized compensation expense of $5.6 million related to options will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.7 years.
Restricted Stock Units
Restricted stock units granted to employees generally vest over a three - or four -year period in equal, annual installments or with three -year cliff vesting. Restricted stock units granted to non-employee members of our Board of Directors generally have one -year cliff vesting from the date of grant. The recipient of a restricted stock unit award under the Plan will have no rights as a stockholder until share certificates are issued by us, but, at the discretion of our Compensation Committee, has the right to receive a dividend equivalent payment in the form of additional restricted stock units. Additionally, until the shares are issued, they have no voting rights and may not be bought or sold. The fair value for restricted stock units is calculated based on the stock price on the date of grant. The total fair value of restricted stock units vested during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was approximately $6.3 million and $7.2 million, respectively.
The following table summarizes the restricted stock unit activity under the Plan for the six months ended June 30, 2019:




Number of Shares
Weighted-
Average
Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2018 2,359,261  $ 23.95 
Granted  800,726  42.12 
Forfeited  (54,893) 27.39 
Vested (1)
(324,749) 19.52 
Unvested at June 30, 2019 2,780,345  $ 29.63 
(1) As of June 30, 2019, recipients of 250,750 shares had elected to defer settlement of the vested restricted stock units in accordance with our Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan resulting in total deferred units of 531,292 as of June 30, 2019. 
Compensation expense associated with unvested restricted stock units is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. At June 30, 2019, there was approximately $60.6 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to restricted stock units, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.5 years.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The fair value of each share issued under the ESPP is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of our common stock. The expected term represents the period of time the ESPP purchase rights are expected to be outstanding. The expected term for the ESPP purchase rights approximates the offering period. The risk-free interest rate is based on yields on U.S. Treasury STRIPS (Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities) with a maturity similar to the estimated expected term of the ESPP purchase rights.
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The fair value of our ESPP purchase rights was estimated assuming no expected dividends and the following weighted-average assumptions:
Six months ended June 30, 
2019 2018
Expected term (in years)  0.5 0.5
Risk-free interest rate  2.6%    1.8%   
Expected volatility  48.6%    22.2%   
There were no grants made pursuant to the ESPP during the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, 100,949 shares of common stock were purchased under the ESPP at a weighted-average price of $21.29 per share, resulting in cash proceeds of $2.1 million.
Compensation expense associated with ESPP purchase rights is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. At June 30, 2019, there was approximately $65,000 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to the ESPP, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.03 years.
8. Revenue Recognition
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by industry (in thousands). Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with current period presentation. These reclassifications have no impact on total revenue.
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2019 2018 2019 2018
Information technology $ 10,001  $ 7,786  $ 19,163  $ 15,145 
Consumer discretionary 8,329  6,819  16,308  13,670 
Industrials 8,212  6,944  16,004  13,816 
Diversified financials 8,263  6,453  15,701  13,351 
Banks 6,945  5,741  13,623  11,584 
Healthcare 6,930  5,095  13,514  10,439 
Energy 5,446  4,646  11,090  9,498 
Other 19,358  15,646  38,044  31,533 
Total revenues
$ 73,484  $ 59,130  $ 143,447  $ 119,036 
The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by type of good or service (in thousands):
Three months ended June 30, Six months ended June 30,
2019 2018 2019 2018
Subscription and support $ 60,472  $ 48,837  $ 116,595  $ 95,307 
XBRL professional services 9,522  6,916  20,932  16,768 
Other services 3,490  3,377  5,920  6,961 
Total revenues
$ 73,484  $ 59,130  $ 143,447  $ 119,036 
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Deferred Revenue
We recognized $51.6 million and $43.3 million of revenue during the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, that was included in the deferred revenue balances at the beginning of the respective periods. We recognized $88.1 million and $77.0 million of revenue during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, that was included in the deferred revenue balances at the beginning of the respective periods.
Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations
As of June 30, 2019, we expect revenue of approximately $197.7 million to be recognized from remaining performance obligations for subscription contracts. We expect to recognize approximately $160.8 million of these remaining performance obligations over the next 12 months, with the balance recognized thereafter.
9. Net Loss Per Share
Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by giving effect to all potential shares of common stock, including our outstanding stock options, stock related to unvested restricted stock units, and common stock issuable pursuant to the ESPP to the extent dilutive. Basic and diluted net loss per share was the same for each period presented, as the inclusion of all potential common shares outstanding would have been anti-dilutive.
The net loss per share is allocated based on the participation rights of the Class A and Class B common shares as if the loss for the year has been distributed. As the liquidation and dividend rights are identical, the net loss is allocated on a proportionate basis.
A reconciliation of the denominator used in the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share is as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):
Three months ended 
June 30, 2019 June 30, 2018
Class A
Class B
Class A
Class B
Numerator 
Net loss  $ (6,626) $ (1,696) $ (16,755) $ (5,013)
Denominator 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted  36,758,866  9,407,794  33,278,982  9,955,673 
Basic and diluted net loss per share  $ (0.18) $ (0.18) $ (0.50) $ (0.50)

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Six months ended 
June 30, 2019 June 30, 2018
Class A
Class B
Class A
Class B
Numerator 
Net loss  $ (12,523) $ (3,262) $ (24,040) $ (7,346)
Denominator 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted  36,255,515  9,445,044  32,972,720  10,075,390 
Basic and diluted net loss per share  $ (0.35) $ (0.35) $ (0.73) $ (0.73)
The anti-dilutive securities excluded from the weighted-average shares used to calculate the diluted net loss per common share were as follows:
As of
June 30, 2019 June 30, 2018
Shares subject to outstanding common stock options  4,957,839  7,415,412 
Shares subject to unvested restricted stock units  2,780,345  2,046,275 
Shares issuable pursuant to the ESPP  89,311  102,756 

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of our operations should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 20, 2019. In addition to historical consolidated financial information, this discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed below. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below, and those discussed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in any subsequent filing we make with the SEC.
Overview
Workiva is a leading provider of cloud-based solutions for connected reporting and compliance. Our platform, Wdesk, is used by thousands of public and private companies, government agencies and higher-education institutions. Wdesk offers controlled collaboration, data linking, data integrations, granular permissions, process management and a full audit trail. Wdesk users are able to combine narrative with their data, which greatly improves insight in their financial, regulatory and management reporting processes. As of June 30, 2019, 3,421 organizations, including more than 75% of Fortune 500 ® companies, subscribed to our Wdesk platform. (1)
(1) Claim not confirmed by FORTUNE or Fortune Media IP Limited. FORTUNE ® and FORTUNE 500 ® are registered trademarks of Fortune Media IP Limited and are used under license. FORTUNE and Fortune Media IP Limited are not affiliated with, and do not endorse products or services of, Workiva Inc.
Our customers can connect Wdesk with data in more than 100 cloud and on-premise applications. In June 2018, we expanded our Wdesk platform with Wdata, which combines new data preparation capabilities with existing connectors and Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to help our customers more easily capture, enrich and connect large datasets to Wdesk. Integrating enterprise business systems with our platform eliminates manual steps in the reporting and analysis process after the data leaves our customers' Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and other data systems and enables data assurance throughout the entire reporting process with an immutable audit trail. Wdata also enables a broader set of business users to explore complex data at scale and better manage data transformations in the office of the CFO.
We market our solutions under six broad categories: SEC Reporting, Management Reporting, Integrated Risk, Capital Markets, Global Statutory Reporting, and Regulated Reporting. Within those categories, Workiva offers the following solutions: SEC Reporting, SEDAR Reporting, Financial Reporting, Connected Financials, Management Reporting, Audit Management, Controls Management, Enterprise Risk Management, Policies and Procedures, Capital Markets, Prospectus Fund, Shareholder Reports, Insurance Statutory Reporting, Insurance Prospectus, CAFR/AFR, Stress Testing, Living Will, Tax Reporting, CASS Compliance, Global Statutory Reporting, IFRS 17.
We operate our business on a Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) model. Customers enter into annual or multi-year subscription contracts to gain access to Wdesk. Our subscription fee includes the use of our software and technical support. Prior to the third quarter of 2018, our subscription pricing was based primarily on the number of corporate entities, number of users, level of customer support and length of contract. Thereafter, we began converting existing customer orders to, and signing new orders primarily based on, a solution-based licensing model. Under this new model, operating metrics related to a customer's expected use of each solution determine the price. The solution-based model has a higher contract value than the seat-based model because it typically offers customers unlimited seats per solution and a reduced administrative workload. We expect a substantial majority of our subscription revenue will
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be priced on the solution-based licensing model by year-end 2019. We charge customers additional fees primarily for document setup and XBRL tagging services.
We generate sales primarily through our direct sales force and, to a lesser extent, our customer success and professional services teams. In addition, we augment our direct sales channel with partnerships. Our advisory and service partners offer a wider range of domain and functional expertise that broadens the capabilities of Wdesk, bringing scale and support to customers and prospects. Our technology partners enable more data and process integrations to help customers connect critical transactional systems directly to Wdesk, which becomes a central repository of trusted data, with powerful linking, auditability and control features.
Our integrated platform, subscription-based model and exceptional customer support have contributed to a low rate of customer turnover while achieving strong revenue growth. Our subscription and support revenue retention rate was 95.4% (excluding add-on seats) for the twelve months ended June 30, 2019.
We continue to invest in the development of our solutions, infrastructure and sales and marketing to drive long-term growth. Our full-time employee headcount expanded to 1,421 at June 30, 2019 from 1,287 at June 30, 2018, an increase of 10.4%.
We have achieved significant revenue growth in recent periods. Our revenue grew to $73.5 million and $143.4 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, from $59.1 million and $119.0 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. We incurred net losses of $8.3 million and $15.8 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, compared to $21.8 million and $31.4 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively.
Converting existing customer orders to a solution-based licensing model has contributed to the acceleration of growth in our subscription revenue year-to-date, and we expect it to continue to do so through the remainder of 2019. This conversion has also contributed to the improvement in our subscription and support revenue retention rate including add-ons for the same periods. We expect the benefit of this contribution to wane beginning in the last quarter of 2019. Accordingly, we will need to find new sources of revenue to sustain our growth rate beyond 2019. To maintain our revenue growth for the longer term, we have been accelerating our investments in talent, processes and technology, particularly for expansion in EMEA, integrated risk, statutory reporting and Wdata. If these investments do not meet our expectations, we may be unable to sustain our revenue growth rate. We expect these investments to increase operating losses in absolute terms and as a percentage of revenue at least through the second half of 2019, ahead of any incremental revenue contribution they may generate after 2019.
Key Factors Affecting Our Performance
Generate Growth From Existing Customers. Wdesk can exhibit a powerful network effect within an enterprise, meaning that the usefulness of our platform attracts additional users and more data. Since solution-based licensing offers our customers an unlimited number of seats for each solution purchased, we expect customers to add more seats in Wdesk over time. As more employees in an enterprise use Wdesk, additional opportunities for collaboration and automation drive demand among their colleagues for additional solutions. Furthermore, converting customer orders to solution-based licensing typically generates a one-time increase in contract value for each solution.
Pursue New Customers . Our first software solution enabled customers to streamline and automate their SEC regulatory filing process. In 2013, we began expanding into adjacent markets challenged with managing large, complex processes with many contributors and disparate sets of business data. We currently sell to new customers in the areas of finance and accounting; risk and controls; regulatory
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reporting; financial close, management and performance reporting; and statutory and corporate tax reporting. We intend to continue to build our sales and marketing organization and leverage our brand equity to attract new customers.
Offer More Solutions. We intend to introduce new solutions to continue to meet growing demand for our Wdesk platform. Our close and trusted relationships with our customers are a source for new use cases, features and solutions. We have a disciplined process for tracking, developing and releasing new solutions that are designed to have immediate, broad applicability; a strong value proposition; and a high return on investment for both Workiva and our customers. Our advance planning team assesses customer needs, conducts industry-based research and defines new markets. This vetting process involves our sales, product marketing, customer success, professional services, research and development, finance and senior management teams.
Expand Across Enterprises. Our success in delivering multiple solutions has created demand from customers for a broader-based, enterprise-wide Wdesk platform. In response, we have been improving our technology and realigning sales and marketing to capitalize on our growing enterprise-wide opportunities. We believe this expansion will add seats and revenue and continue to support our high revenue retention rates. However, we expect that enterprise-wide deals will be larger and more complex, which tend to lengthen the sales cycle.
Add Partners. We continue to expand our relationships with partners, including consulting and advisory firms, technology partners, and implementation partners. Our global partners, including global strategic consulting and advisory firms, identify opportunities for our platform to help companies transform financial reporting and integrated risk processes. We also partner with regional accounting, consulting and implementation partners. These highly skilled regional partners provide subject-matter expertise in the implementation of specific solutions and extend our direct sales force by referring opportunities to us. Technology partners expand the ecosystem of our connected reporting and compliance platform and enable data connections and process integrations to further transform critical business functions, as we capitalize on growing demand for enterprise-wide opportunities. We believe that our partner ecosystem extends our global reach, accelerates the usage and adoption of our platform, and enables more efficient delivery of professional services.
Investment in growth . We plan to continue to invest in the development of our Wdesk platform to enhance our current offerings and build new features. In addition, we expect to continue to invest in our sales, marketing, professional services and customer success organizations to drive additional revenue and support the needs of our growing customer base and to take advantage of opportunities that we have identified in EMEA, as well as use cases for integrated risk, statutory reporting and Wdata.
Seasonality . Our revenue from professional services has some degree of seasonality. Many of our customers employ our professional services just before they file their Form 10-K, often in the first calendar quarter. Our sales and marketing expense also has some degree of seasonality. Sales and marketing expense is generally higher in the third quarter since we hold our annual user conference in September. In addition, the timing of the payments of cash bonuses to employees during the first and fourth calendar quarters may result in some seasonality in operating cash flow.
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Key Performance Indicators
Three months ended June 30,  Six months ended June 30, 
2019 2018 2019 2018
(dollars in thousands) 
Financial metrics 
Total revenue
$ 73,484  $ 59,130  $ 143,447  $ 119,036 
Percentage increase in total revenue
24.3  % 19.7  % 20.5  % 17.5  %
Subscription and support revenue
$ 60,472  $ 48,837  $ 116,595  $ 95,307 
Percentage increase in subscription and support revenue
23.8  % 19.2  % 22.3  % 18.4  %
Subscription and support as a percent of total revenue
82.3  % 82.6  % 81.3  % 80.1  %

As of June 30,
2019 2018
Operating metrics 
Number of customers
3,421  3,222 
Subscription and support revenue retention rate
95.4%    95.6%   
Subscription and support revenue retention rate including add-ons
114.5%    106.9%   
Number of customers with annual contract value $100k+
558  366 
Number of customers with annual contract value $150k+
238  161 
Total customers . We believe total number of customers is a key indicator of our financial success and future revenue potential. We define a customer as an entity with an active subscription contract as of the measurement date. Our customer is typically a parent company or, in a few cases, a significant subsidiary that works with us directly. Companies with publicly listed securities account for a substantial majority of our customers.
Subscription and support revenue retention rate . We calculate our subscription and support revenue retention rate based on all customers that were active at the end of the same calendar quarter of the prior year (“base customers”). We begin by annualizing the subscription and support revenue recorded in the same calendar quarter of the prior year for those base customers who are still active at the end of the current quarter. We divide the result by the annualized subscription and support revenue in the same quarter of the prior year for all base customers.
Our subscription and support revenue retention rate was 95.4% as of June 30, 2019, down slightly compared to the rate as of June 30, 2018. We believe that our success in maintaining a high rate of revenue retention is attributable primarily to our robust technology platform and strong customer service.
Subscription and support revenue retention rate including add-ons . Add-on revenue includes the change in both solutions and seats purchased and pricing for existing customers. We calculate our subscription and support revenue retention rate including add-ons by annualizing the subscription and support revenue recorded in the current quarter for our base customers that were active at the end of the current quarter. We divide the result by the annualized subscription and support revenue in the same quarter of the prior year for all base customers.
Our subscription and support revenue retention rate including add-ons was 114.5% as of the quarter ended June 30, 2019, up from 106.9% as of June 30, 2018.
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In the first quarter of 2019, we began calculating revenue retention rates using quarterly ASC 606 revenue instead of our prior method using monthly ASC 605 revenue. We expect quarterly measurements will be less variable than the single month measurements we previously reported.
Annual contract value . Our annual contract value (“ACV”) for each customer is calculated by annualizing the subscription and support revenue recognized during each quarter. We believe the increase in the number of larger contracts shows our progress in expanding our customers' adoption of Wdesk.
Components of Results of Operations
Revenue
We generate revenue through the sale of subscriptions to our cloud-based software and the delivery of professional services. We serve a wide range of customers in many industries, and our revenue is not concentrated with any single customer or small group of customers. For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, no single customer represented more than 1% of our revenue, and our largest 10 customers accounted for less than 5% of our revenue in the aggregate.
We generate sales directly through our sales force and partners. We also identify some sales opportunities with existing customers through our customer success and professional services teams.
Our customer contracts typically range in length from twelve to 36 months. We typically invoice our customers for subscription fees in advance, with payment due at the start of the subscription term. From time to time, we offer limited incentives for customers to enter into contract terms of more than one year, typically for terms of two or three years. Our arrangements do not contain general rights of return.
Subscription and Support Revenue . We recognize subscription and support revenue on a ratable basis over the contract term beginning on the date that our service is made available to the customer. Amounts that are invoiced are initially recorded as deferred revenue.
Professional Services Revenue . We believe our professional services facilitate the sale of our subscription service to certain customers. To date, most of our professional services have consisted of document set up, XBRL tagging, and consulting with our customers on business processes and best practices for using Wdesk. Our professional services are not required for customers to utilize our solution. We recognize revenue for document set ups when the service is complete and control has transferred to the customer. Revenues from XBRL tagging and consulting services are recognized as the services are performed.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue consists primarily of personnel and related costs directly associated with our professional services, customer success teams and training personnel, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, and stock-based compensation; the costs of contracted third-party vendors; the costs of server usage by our customers; information technology costs; and facility costs. Costs of server usage are comprised primarily of fees paid to Google Cloud Platform and Amazon Web Services.
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Sales and Marketing Expenses
Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel and related costs, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, commissions, travel, and stock-based compensation. Other costs included in this expense are marketing and promotional events, our annual user conference, online marketing, product marketing, information technology costs, and facility costs. Sales commissions paid where the amortization period is one year or less are expensed as incurred. All other sales commissions are considered incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer and are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of benefit that we have determined to be three years.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel and related costs, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, and stock-based compensation; costs of server usage by our developers; information technology costs; and facility costs.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel and related costs for our executive, finance and accounting, legal, human resources, and administrative personnel, including salaries, benefits, bonuses, and stock-based compensation; legal, accounting, and other professional service fees; other corporate expenses; information technology costs; and facility costs.
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Results of Operations
The following table sets forth selected consolidated statement of operations data for each of the periods indicated:
Three months ended June 30,  Six months ended June 30, 
2019 2018 2019 2018
(in thousands)
Revenue 
Subscription and support
$ 60,472  $ 48,837  $ 116,595  $ 95,307 
Professional services
13,012  10,293  26,852  23,729 
Total revenue  73,484  59,130  143,447  119,036 
Cost of revenue 
Subscription and support (1)
10,202  8,637  20,011  17,439 
Professional services (1)
10,475  7,659  20,202  15,368 
Total cost of revenue  20,677  16,296  40,213  32,807 
Gross profit  52,807  42,834  103,234  86,229 
Operating expenses 
Research and development (1)
21,795  20,718  43,806  40,845 
Sales and marketing (1)
28,213  22,252  53,578  43,258 
General and administrative (1)
11,226  21,654  21,609  33,422 
Total operating expenses  61,234  64,624  118,993  117,525 
Loss from operations  (8,427) (21,790) (15,759) (31,296)
Interest expense
(433) (449) (873) (899)
Other income, net  530  492  850  835 
Loss before provision for income taxes  (8,330) (21,747) (15,782) (31,360)
(Benefit) provision for income taxes  (8) 21  3  26 
Net loss  $ (8,322) $ (21,768) $ (15,785) $ (31,386)
(1)  Stock-based compensation expense included in these line items was as follows:
Three months ended June 30,  Six months ended June 30, 
2019 2018 2019 2018
(in thousands)
Cost of revenue 
Subscription and support
$ 399  $ 228  $ 756  $ 399 
Professional services
431  146  840  296 
Operating expenses 
Research and development
1,851  1,495  3,751  2,516 
Sales and marketing
2,032  1,440  3,996  2,553 
General and administrative
3,800  7,156  7,363  10,606 
Total stock-based compensation expense
$ 8,513  $ 10,465  $ 16,706  $ 16,370 
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The following table sets forth our consolidated statement of operations data as a percentage of revenue for each of the periods indicated:
Three months ended June 30,  Six months ended June 30, 
2019 2018 2019 2018
Revenue 
Subscription and support
82.3  % 82.6  % 81.3  % 80.1  %
Professional services
17.7    17.4    18.7    19.9   
Total revenue  100.0    100.0    100.0    100.0   
Cost of revenue 
Subscription and support
13.9    14.6    14.0    14.7   
Professional services
14.3    13.0    14.1    12.9   
Total cost of revenue  28.2    27.6    28.1    27.6   
Gross profit  71.8    72.4    71.9    72.4   
Operating expenses 
Research and development
29.7    35.0    30.5    34.3   
Sales and marketing
38.4    37.6    37.4    36.3   
General and administrative
15.3    36.6    15.1    28.1   
Total operating expenses  83.4    109.2    83.0    98.7   
Loss from operations  (11.6)   (36.8)   (11.1)   (26.3)  
Interest expense
(0.6)   (0.8)   (0.6)   (0.8)  
Other income, net  0.7    0.8    0.6    0.7   
Loss before provision for income taxes  (11.5)   (36.8)   (11.1)   (26.4)  
Provision for income taxes
—    —    —    —   
Net loss  (11.5) % (36.8) % (11.1) % (26.4) %
Comparison of Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018
Revenue
Three months ended June 30,  Six months ended June 30, 
2019 2018
% Change
2019 2018
% Change
(dollars in thousands)
Revenue 
Subscription and support
$ 60,472  $ 48,837  23.8%    $ 116,595  $ 95,307  22.3%   
Professional services
$ 13,012  $ 10,293  26.4%    $ 26,852  $ 23,729  13.2%   
Total revenue
$ 73,484  $ 59,130  24.3%    $ 143,447  $ 119,036  20.5%   
Total revenue increased $14.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same quarter a year ago due primarily to a $11.6 million increase in subscription and support revenue. Growth in subscription and support revenue in the second quarter was attributable to strong demand for a broad range of solutions and the continued conversion of existing customer accounts to a solution-based licensing model. Additionally, professional services revenue increased $2.7 million due primarily to an increase in certain XBRL professional services that we do not expect to continue in the next two quarters. The total number of our customers expanded 6.2% from June 30, 2018 to June 30, 2019.
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Total revenue increased $24.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period a year ago due primarily to a $21.3 million increase in subscription and support revenue. Growth in professional services revenue was attributable primarily to an increase in XBRL tagging services. Professional services revenue increased at a slower rate than subscription and support revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period a year ago. As our customers become familiar with our platform, they typically become more self sufficient and require fewer professional services. We expect the revenue growth rate from subscription and support to continue to outpace revenue growth from professional services on an annual basis.
Cost of Revenue
Three months ended June 30,  Six months ended June 30, 
2019 2018 % Change 2019 2018 % Change
(dollars in thousands)
Cost of revenue 
Subscription and support
$ 10,202  $ 8,637  18.1%    $ 20,011  $ 17,439  14.7%   
Professional services
10,475  7,659  36.8%    20,202  15,368  31.5%   
Total cost of revenue
$ 20,677  $ 16,296  26.9%    $ 40,213  $ 32,807  22.6%   
Cost of revenue increased $4.4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same quarter a year ago due primarily to $2.9 million in higher cash-based compensation, benefits and travel costs due in part to increased headcount, $0.5 million of additional stock-based compensation and a $0.5 million increase in consulting fees. These increases in headcount and consulting fees were due to our continued investment and support of our new platform and solutions.
Cost of revenue increased $7.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period a year ago, due primarily to an increase in cash-based compensation, benefits and travel costs of $4.6 million due in part to higher headcount, $0.9 million of additional stock-based compensation, a $1.0 million increase in consulting fees and a $0.7 million rise in the cost of cloud infrastructure services to support our expanding customer base. The increases in headcount and consulting fees were the result of our continued investment in and support of our new platform and solutions.
Operating Expenses
Three months ended June 30,  Six months ended June 30, 
2019 2018
% Change
2019 2018 % Change
(dollars in thousands)
Operating expenses 
Research and development
$ 21,795  $ 20,718  5.2%    $ 43,806  $ 40,845  7.2%   
Sales and marketing
28,213  22,252  26.8%    53,578  43,258  23.9%   
General and administrative
11,226  21,654  (48.2)%   21,609  33,422  (35.3)%  
Total operating expenses
$ 61,234  $ 64,624  (5.2)%   $ 118,993  $ 117,525  1.2%   
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Research and Development
Research and development expenses increased $1.1 million in the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same quarter a year ago due primarily to $0.3 million in higher cash-based compensation and benefits, $0.4 million in additional stock-based compensation and a $0.2 million increase in the cost of cloud infrastructure services. We continue to dedicate resources to developing the next generation of Wdesk, which has resulted in an increased investment in research and development.
Research and development expenses increased $3.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period a year ago due primarily to higher cash-based compensation, benefits, and travel costs of $1.0 million, additional stock-based compensation of $1.2 million and a $0.8 million increase in the cost of cloud infrastructure services.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expenses increased $6.0 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2018 due primarily to $4.4 million in higher cash-based compensation, benefits, travel costs, $0.6 million in additional stock-based compensation and a $0.5 million increase in the cost of marketing programs. Headcount in sales and marketing increased 16.8% in the quarter ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same quarter a year ago. We expect to continue to invest in sales and marketing employees for future revenue growth. The increase in the cost of marketing programs is due to increased partnership and international expansion activity.
Sales and marketing expenses increased $10.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period a year ago due primarily to higher cash-based compensation, benefits, and travel costs of $7.6 million, additional stock-based compensation of $1.4 million, an increase in professional service fees of $0.4 million related to consulting and recruiting, and an increase in the cost of marketing programs of $0.5 million. The increase in marketing programs was due to increased partnership and international marketing activities.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses decreased $10.4 million in the three months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same quarter a year ago due primarily to lower cash-based compensation, benefits, and travel costs of $7.3 million and reduced stock-based compensation expense of $3.4 million. General and administrative expense as a percentage of revenue improved to 15.3% in the latest quarter from 36.6% the same quarter last year due primarily to a reduction of expenses for executive compensation.
General and administrative expenses decreased $11.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period a year ago. This decrease was due primarily to $8.3 million in lower cash-based compensation, benefits and travel as well as a $3.4 million decrease in stock-based compensation. In the second quarter of 2018, we recorded an additional $5.9 million and $3.6 million of cash-based and equity-based compensation, respectively, pursuant to a separation agreement with our former CEO.

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Non-Operating Income (Expenses)
Three months ended June 30,  Six months ended June 30, 
2019 2018 2019 2018
(dollars in thousands)
Interest expense
$ (433) $ (449) $ (873) $ (899)
Other income, net  530  492  850  835 
Interest Expense and Other Income, Net
Interest expense and Other income, net remained relatively flat during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to the same period a year ago.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Three months ended June 30,  Six months ended June 30, 
2019 2018 2019 2018
(in thousands)
Cash flow provided by (used in) operating activities  $ 18,763  $ (2,546) $ 23,882  $ (763)
Cash flow used in investing activities  (8,093) (7,657) (24,685) (7,230)
Cash flow provided by financing activities  5,197  2,527  17,717  5,332 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, net of impact of exchange rates  $ 15,977  $ (7,761) $ 17,129  $ (2,838)
As of June 30, 2019, our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities totaled $137.6 million. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through the proceeds of our initial public offering, private placements of equity, debt that was settled in equity and cash from operating activities. We have generated significant operating losses and negative cash flows from operating activities as reflected in our accumulated deficit and consolidated statements of cash flows. We expect to continue to incur operating losses in the future. As a result, we may require additional capital resources to continue to grow our business. We believe that current cash and cash equivalents, cash flows from operating activities, availability under our existing credit facility and the ability to offer and sell securities pursuant to our shelf registration statement will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next twelve months.
In August 2014, we entered into a $15.0 million credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank. Borrowing capacity is equal to the most recent month’s subscription and support revenue multiplied by a percentage that adjusts based on the prior quarter’s customer retention rate. The credit facility can be used to fund working capital and general business requirements. The credit facility is secured by all of our assets and has first priority over our other debt obligations and requires us to maintain certain financial covenants, including the maintenance of at least $5.0 million of cash on hand or unused borrowing capacity. The credit facility contains certain restrictive covenants that limit our ability to transfer or dispose of assets, merge with other companies or consummate certain changes of control, acquire other companies, pay dividends, incur additional indebtedness and liens, effect changes in management and enter into new businesses. The credit facility has a variable interest rate equal to the bank’s prime lending rate with interest payable monthly and the principal balance due at maturity. The credit facility matures in August 2020.
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Pursuant to the credit facility, a letter of credit totaling $500,000 was outstanding at June 30, 2019. This letter of credit, which reduces the availability under the credit facility, was issued as a maintenance deposit for an office lease. The letter of credit expires every year but has a feature that automatically renews the term for an additional year with an ultimate expiration date of February 28, 2030.
We filed a universal shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC, which became effective August 10, 2017. Under the shelf registration statement, we may offer and sell, from time to time in the future in one or more public offerings, our Class A common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights and units. The aggregate initial offering price of all securities sold by us under the shelf registration statement will not exceed $250.0 million.
Operating Activities
For the three months ended June 30, 2019, cash provided by operating activities was $18.8 million. The primary factors affecting our operating cash flows during the period were our net loss of $8.3 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $1.0 million for depreciation and amortization of our property and equipment and intangible assets, $8.5 million of stock-based compensation expense, and a $17.4 million net change in operating assets and liabilities. The primary drivers of the changes in operating assets and liabilities were a $3.1 million decrease in accounts receivable, a $8.3 million increase in deferred revenue, a $9.0 million increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities and a $1.2 million increase in accounts payable partially offset by a $3.8 million increase in deferred commissions. Customer growth and contract renewals for longer terms accounted for most of the increase in deferred revenue. We offer limited incentives for customers to enter into contract terms for more than one year. Deferred commissions increased due primarily to payments made to our sales force related to the direct and incremental costs of obtaining a customer contract. The decrease in accounts receivable and the increases in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities were attributable primarily to the timing of our billings, cash collections, and cash payments.
For the three months ended June 30, 2018, cash used in operating activities was $2.5 million. The primary factors affecting our operating cash flows during the period were our net loss of $21.8 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $0.9 million for depreciation and amortization of our property and equipment and intangible assets, $10.5 million of stock-based compensation expense (including $3.6 million pursuant to a separation agreement with our former CEO), and a $7.8 million net change in operating assets and liabilities. Included in our net loss during the second quarter of 2018 was a $6.6 million cash payment made to our former CEO pursuant to a separation agreement. The primary drivers of the changes in operating assets and liabilities were a $8.7 million increase in deferred revenue, a $4.5 million increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities partially offset by a $2.0 million increase in deferred commissions, a $2.0 million increase in prepaid expenses and a $1.3 million decrease in accounts payable. Customer growth and contract renewals for longer terms accounted for most of the increase in deferred revenue. Deferred commissions increased primarily due to additional payments made to our sales force related to the direct and incremental costs of obtaining a customer contract. The increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities and decrease in accounts payable were primarily attributable to the timing of our cash payments. The increase in prepaid expenses was attributable primarily to an upfront payment for our annual user conference.
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For the six months ended June 30, 2019, cash provided by operating activities was $23.9 million. The primary factors affecting our operating cash flows during the period were our net loss of $15.8 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $1.9 million for depreciation and amortization of our property and equipment and intangible assets, $16.7 million of stock-based compensation expense, and a $21.2 million net change in operating assets and liabilities. The primary drivers of the changes in operating assets and liabilities were a $10.3 million increase in deferred revenue, a $4.4 million increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities, and a $18.0 million decrease in accounts receivable partially offset by a $5.9 million increase in deferred commissions, a $3.5 million increase in prepaid expenses and a $1.4 million increase in other assets. Customer growth and contract renewals for longer terms accounted for most of the increase in deferred revenue. The increase in deferred commissions was primarily due to payments made to our sales force related to the direct and incremental costs of obtaining a customer contract. The increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities and decrease in accounts receivable were primarily attributable to the timing of our billings, cash collections, and cash payments. The increases in other assets and prepaid expenses was attributable primarily to timing of payments relating to cloud infrastructure services and our annual user conference.
For the six months ended June 30, 2018, cash used in operating activities was $0.8 million. The primary factors affecting our operating cash flows during the period were our net loss of $31.4 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $1.7 million for depreciation and amortization of our property and equipment and intangible assets, $16.4 million of stock-based compensation expense (including $3.6 million pursuant to a separation agreement with our former CEO), and a $12.3 million net change in operating assets and liabilities. Included in our net loss during the six months ended June 30, 2018 was a $6.6 million cash payment made to our former CEO pursuant to a separation agreement. The primary drivers of the changes in operating assets and liabilities were a $6.4 million increase in deferred revenue, a $3.7 million increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities, a $1.4 million increase in accounts payable and a $6.3 million decrease in accounts receivable partially offset by a $3.7 million increase in deferred commissions and a $1.8 million increase in prepaid expenses. Customer growth and contract renewals for longer terms accounted for most of the increase in deferred revenue. The increase in deferred commissions was primarily due to additional payments made to our sales force related to the direct and incremental costs of obtaining a customer contract. The increases in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities and decrease in accounts receivable were primarily attributable to the timing of our billings, cash collections, and cash payments. The increase in prepaid expenses was attributable primarily to an upfront payment for our annual user conference.
Investing Activities
Cash used in investing activities of $8.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 was due primarily to $18.6 million in purchases of marketable securities, $0.5 million of capital expenditures and $0.6 million in purchases of intangible assets partially offset by $11.5 million from maturities of marketable securities. Our capital expenditures were associated primarily with computer equipment in support of expanding our workforce.
Cash used in investing activities of $7.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 was due primarily to $11.3 million in purchases of marketable securities partially offset by proceeds of $3.9 million from maturities of marketable securities.
Cash used in investing activities of $24.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was due primarily to $40.7 million in purchases of marketable securities, $2.2 million in capital expenditures and $0.7 million in purchases of intangible assets partially offset by proceeds of $18.9 million from maturities of marketable securities. Our capital expenditures were associated primarily with computer and technology purchases in support of expanding our workforce.
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Cash used in investing activities of $7.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 was due primarily to $11.3 million in purchases of marketable securities partially offset by proceeds of $4.4 million from maturities of marketable securities.
Financing Activities
Cash provided by financing activities of $5.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 was due primarily to $5.5 million in proceeds from option exercises.
Cash provided by financing activities of $2.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 was due primarily to $3.3 million in proceeds from option exercises partially offset by $0.5 million in taxes paid related to the net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards and $0.3 million in payments on capital lease and financing obligations.
Cash provided by financing activities of $17.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was due primarily to $16.6 million in proceeds from option exercises and $2.1 million in proceeds from shares issued in connection with our employee stock purchase plan partially offset by $0.4 million in taxes paid related to the net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards and $0.6 million in payments on financing obligations.
Cash provided by financing activities of $5.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 was due primarily to $6.4 million in proceeds from option exercises and $1.4 million in proceeds from shares issued in connection with our employee stock purchase plan partially offset by $1.9 million in taxes paid related to the net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards and $0.6 million in payments on capital lease and financing obligations.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
In June 2019, we entered into certain non-cancelable agreements with third-party providers for our use of cloud services in the ordinary course of business. Under these agreements, we are committed to purchase $0.9 million in fiscal year 2019, $1.7 million in fiscal year 2020, $1.7 million in fiscal year 2021, and $0.9 million in fiscal year 2022. Other than these cloud services purchase commitments, there were no material changes in our contractual obligations and commitments from those disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the SEC on February 20, 2019.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
During all periods presented, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. As a result, we are not exposed to any financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if we had engaged in those types of relationships.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses, income taxes and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
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During the six months ended June 30, 2019, there were no significant changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as described in the financial statements contained in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the SEC on February 20, 2019.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 
For quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk, see “Item 7A., Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. Our exposures to market risk have not changed materially since December 31, 2018.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, our management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this report. Our disclosure controls and procedures are intended to provide assurance at a reasonable level that the information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.
Based on management’s evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to, and are effective to, provide assurance at a reasonable level that the information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during our most recently completed fiscal quarter. Based on that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that there has not been any material change in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter covered by this report that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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Part II. Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
From time to time we may become involved in legal proceedings or be subject to claims arising in the ordinary course of our business. We are not presently a party to any legal proceedings that in the opinion of our management, if determined adversely to us, would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results or cash flows. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. Other than the item noted below, there have been no material changes during fiscal 2019 to the risk factors that were included in the Form 10-K.
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
Our reported financial results may be adversely affected by changes in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, including those related to leases.
Generally accepted accounting principles in the United States are subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), the SEC, and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. A change in these principles or interpretations could have a significant effect on our reported financial results and could affect the reporting of transactions completed before the announcement of a change.
In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance codified in ASC 842, Leases (ASU 2016-02) , which amends the guidance in former ASC 840, Leases . We adopted this new standard on the effective date of January 1, 2019. The application of this guidance resulted in the addition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. We have implemented changes to our accounting processes, internal controls and disclosures to support the new standard. See Note 1 to our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for information about ASU 2016-02.
Any difficulties in implementing new or revised accounting principles could cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations, which could result in regulatory discipline, harm investors’ confidence in us, and adversely affect our stock price.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Securities and Use of Proceeds
Sales of Unregistered Securities
Not applicable.
Use of Proceeds from Public Offerings of Common Stock
There has been no material change in the planned use of proceeds from our initial public offering as described in our final prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act on December 12, 2014.
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Item 6. Exhibits
The following exhibits are being filed herewith or incorporated by reference herein:
Exhibit
Number
Description
31.1
31.2
32.1  
32.2  
101 The following financial information from Workiva Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019 formatted in Inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) includes: (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders Equity (Deficit), (v) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on this 6th day of August, 2019.
WORKIVA INC.
By:
/s/ Martin J. Vanderploeg, Ph.D.
Name:
Martin J. Vanderploeg, Ph.D.
Title:
President and Chief Executive Officer
By:
/s/ J. Stuart Miller
Name:
J. Stuart Miller
Title:
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
By:
/s/ Jill Klindt
Name:
Jill Klindt
Title:
Senior Vice President, Treasurer and Chief Accounting Officer

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