Form 10-Q - Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number 001-36457

PROVECTUS BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware		90-0031917
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

800 S. Gay Street, Suite 1610 Knoxville, Tennessee		37929
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

866-594-5999

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address, and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class		Trading Symbol(s)		Name of each exchange on which registered
None		N/A		N/A

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐

Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒

		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, as of August 12, 2024, was 419,906,859.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements	1
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)	2
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	2
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss	4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Deficit	5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	7
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	17
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	27
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	27

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings	28
Item 1A. Risk Factors	28
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	28
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	28
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	28
Item 5. Other Information	28
Item 6. Exhibits	29

SIGNATURES	30

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” as defined under U.S. federal securities laws. These statements reflect management’s current knowledge, assumptions, beliefs, estimates, and expectations. These statements also express management’s current views of future performance, results, and trends and may be identified by their use of terms such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “goal,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “strategy,” “will,” and other similar terms. Forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to materially differ from those described in the forward-looking statements. Readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Such statements are made as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and we undertake no obligation to update such statements after this date, unless otherwise required by law.

Risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to materially differ from those described in forward-looking statements include those discussed in our filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) (including those described in Item 1A of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023), and:

	●	The uncertainty of generating (i) sales from rose bengal sodium-based drug candidates (if and when approved), such as PV-10^®and PH-10^®, and/or any other halogenated xanthene-based drug candidates (if and when approved), (ii) licensing, milestone, royalty, and/or other payments related to these drug candidates, and/or (iii) payments from the Company’s liquidation, dissolution, or winding up, or any sale, lease, conveyance, or other disposition of any intellectual property relating to these drug candidates and/or rose bengal sodium- and other halogenated xanthene-based active pharmaceutical ingredients;

	●	The uncertainty of raising additional capital through the proceeds of private placement transactions of debt and/or equity securities, the exercise of existing warrants and outstanding stock options, and/or public offerings of debt and/or equity securities; and

	●	The disruptions from the widespread outbreak of an illness or communicable/infectious disease, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, or another public health crisis to our business that could adversely affect our operations and financial condition.

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

PROVECTUS BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	June 30,			December 31,
	2024			2023
	(Unaudited)
Assets

Current Assets:
Cash	$	29,581		$	76,576
Restricted cash		559,702			950,223
Short-term receivables		767			476
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		210,194			337,522

Total Current Assets		800,244			1,364,797

Equipment and furnishings, less accumulated depreciation of $115,455 and $110,994, respectively		7,559			12,020
Operating lease right-of-use asset		48,624			72,026

Total Assets	$	856,427		$	1,448,843

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit

Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	1,321,947		$	1,675,891
Unearned grant revenue		460,185			953,248
Other accrued expenses		3,388,425			3,240,436
Accrued interest		62,076			22,600
Accrued interest - related parties		89,030			123,828
Accrued interest		89,030			123,828
Notes payable		109,862			277,815
Convertible notes payable		1,153,000			800,000
Convertible notes payable - related parties		1,735,000			1,875,000
Convertible notes payable		1,735,000			1,875,000
Operating lease liability, current portion		49,975			48,077

Total Current Liabilities		8,369,500			9,016,895

Operating lease liability, non-current portion		-			25,299

Total Liabilities		8,369,500			9,042,194

Commitments, contingencies, and litigations (Note 12)		-			-

Stockholders’ Deficit:
Preferred stock; par value $0.001 per share; 25,000,000 shares authorized; Series D Convertible Preferred Stock; 957,100 and 12,374,000 shares designated at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively; 956,985 and 12,373,247 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively; aggregate liquidation preference of $1,095,556 and $14,164,889 at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively		957			12,373
Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock; 23,042,900 and 11,241,000 shares designated at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively; 12,002,888 and 10,361,097 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively; aggregate liquidation preference of $137,408,291 and $118,613,136 at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively		12,003			10,361
Preferred stock, value		12,003			10,361
Common stock; par value $0.001 per share; 1,000,000,000 shares authorized; 419,522,119 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023		419,522			419,522
Additional paid-in capital		246,156,198			244,714,967
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(60,454	)		(60,165	)
Accumulated deficit		(254,041,299	)		(252,690,409	)

Total Stockholders’ Deficit		(7,513,073	)		(7,593,351	)

Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit	$	856,427		$	1,448,843

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

PROVECTUS BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

	2024			2023			2024			2023
	For the Three Months Ended						For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023

Grant Revenue	$	254,991		$	161,842		$	493,063		$	366,867

Operating Expenses:
Research and development		472,927			434,214			1,028,462			982,607
General and administrative		576,918			527,831			706,720			966,676
Total Operating Expenses		1,049,845			962,045			1,735,182			1,949,283

Total Operating Loss		(794,854	)		(800,203	)		(1,242,119	)		(1,582,416	)

Other Income/(Expense):
Research and development tax credit		9,301			15,965			9,301			15,965
Interest expense		(61,295	)		(50,824	)		(118,072	)		(96,065	)

Total Other Expense, Net		(51,994	)		(34,859	)		(108,771	)		(80,100	)

Net Loss	$	(846,848	)	$	(835,062	)	$	(1,350,890	)	$	(1,662,516	)

Basic and Diluted Loss Per Common Share	$	(0.00	)	$	(0.00	)	$	(0.00	)	$	(0.00	)

Weighted Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding - Basic and Diluted		419,522,119			419,497,119			419,522,119			419,497,119

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

PROVECTUS BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(Unaudited)

	2024			2023			2024			2023
	For the Three Months Ended						For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023


Net Loss	$	(846,848	)	$	(835,062	)	$	(1,350,890	)	$	(1,662,516	)
Other Comprehensive Loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustments		126			(278	)		(289	)		(87	)
Total Comprehensive Loss	$	(846,722	)	$	(835,340	)	$	(1,351,179	)	$	(1,662,603	)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

PROVECTUS BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

(Unaudited)

FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2024

	Shares			Amount			Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital			Loss			Deficit			Total
																		Accumulated
	Preferred Stock						Preferred Stock								Additional			Other
	Series D						Series D-1				Common Stock				Paid-In			Comprehensive			Accumulated
	Shares			Amount			Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital			Loss			Deficit			Total

Balance at January 1, 2024		12,373,247		$	12,373			10,361,097	$	10,361		419,522,119	$	419,522	$	244,714,967		$	(60,165	)	$	(252,690,409	)	$	(7,593,351	)

Conversion of 2021 Note to Series D1 Preferred Stock		-			-			226,474		226		-		-		647,935			-			-			648,161
Comprehensive loss:
Net loss		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			-			(504,042	)		(504,042	)
Other comprehensive loss		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			(415	)		-			(415	)

Balance at March 31, 2024		12,373,247		$	12,373			10,587,571	$	10,587		419,522,119	$	419,522	$	245,362,902		$	(60,580	)	$	(253,194,451	)	$	(7,449,647	)

Forfeited shares of Series D Preferred Stock		(11,416,262	)		(11,416	)		-		-		-		-		11,416			-			-			-
Issuance of Series D-1 Preferred Stock for forfeited shares of Series D Preferred Stock		-			-			1,141,626		1,141		-		-		(1,141	)		-			-			-
Conversion of 2021 Note to Series D1 Preferred Stock		-			-			273,691		274		-		-		783,021			-			-			783,296
Comprehensive loss:
Net loss		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			-			(846,848	)		(846,848	)
Other comprehensive income		-			-			-		-		-		-		-			126			-			126

Balance at June 30, 2024		956,985		$	957			12,002,888	$	12,003		419,522,119	$	419,522	$	246,156,198		$	(60,454	)	$	(254,041,299	)	$	(7,513,073	)

FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2023

	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital		Loss			Deficit			Total
															Accumulated
	Preferred Stock				Preferred Stock								Additional		Other
	Series D				Series D-1				Common Stock				Paid-In		Comprehensive			Accumulated
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital		Loss			Deficit			Total

Balance at January 1, 2023		12,373,247	$	12,373		9,746,626	$	9,747		419,497,119	$	419,497	$	242,954,193	$	(35,679	)	$	(249,588,641	)	$	(6,228,510	)

Conversion of 2021 Note to Series D-1 Preferred Stock		-		-		18,872		18		-		-		53,992		-			-			54,010
Comprehensive loss:
Net loss		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-			(827,454	)		(827,454	)
Other comprehensive income		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		191			-			191

Balance at March 31, 2023		12,373,247	$	12,373		9,765,498	$	9,765		419,497,119	$	419,497	$	243,008,185	$	(35,488	)	$	(250,416,095	)	$	(7,001,763	)
Balance		12,373,247	$	12,373		9,765,498	$	9,765		419,497,119	$	419,497	$	243,008,185	$	(35,488	)	$	(250,416,095	)	$	(7,001,763	)

Conversion of 2021 Note to Series D-1 Preferred Stock		-		-		188,757		189		-		-		540,033		-			-			540,222
Comprehensive loss:
Net loss		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-			(835,062	)		(835,062	)
Other comprehensive loss		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		(278	)		-			(278	)

Balance at June 30, 2023		12,373,247	$	12,373		9,954,255	$	9,954		419,497,119	$	419,497	$	243,548,218	$	(35,766	)	$	(251,251,157	)	$	(7,296,881	)
Balance		12,373,247		12,373		9,954,255		9,954		419,497,119		419,497		243,548,218		(35,766	)		(251,251,157	)		(7,296,881	)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

PROVECTUS BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

	2024			2023
	For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,
	2024			2023

Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net loss	$	(1,350,890	)	$	(1,662,516	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Non-cash lease expense		23,402			22,272
Depreciation		4,461			4,461
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Short term receivables		(299	)		(1,366	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		127,328			314,165
Accounts payable		(353,763	)		(104,704	)
Unearned grant revenue		(493,063	)		(366,866	)
Other accrued expenses		148,011			483,019
Operating lease liability		(23,401	)		(21,597	)
Accrued interest		111,134			91,239

Net Cash Used In Operating Activities		(1,807,080	)		(1,241,893	)

Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes payable		353,000			-
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes payable - related parties		1,285,000			1,325,000
Repayment of short-term note payable		(167,953	)		(152,856	)
Repayment of 2021 convertible note payable - related party		(100,000	)		-
Proceeds from exercise of warrants		-			-
Net Cash Provided By Financing Activities		1,370,047			1,172,144

Effect of exchange rates on cash and restricted cash		(483	)		(2,799	)

Net Decrease In Cash and Restricted Cash		(437,516	)		(72,548	)

Cash and Restricted Cash, Beginning of Period		1,026,799			1,431,707

Cash and Restricted Cash, End of Period	$	589,283		$	1,359,159

Cash and restricted cash consisted of the following:
Cash	$	29,581		$	176,010
Restricted cash		559,702			1,183,149
	$	589,283		$	1,359,159

Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	-		$	-
Income taxes	$	-		$	-

Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Conversion of 2021 Notes and related accrued interest to Series D-1 Preferred Stock	$	-		$	594,232
Conversion of 2022 Notes and related accrued interest to Series D-1 Preferred Stock	$	1,431,457		$	-
Forfeited shares of Series D Preferred Stock	$	(11,416	)	$	-
Issuance of Series D-1 Preferred Stock for forfeited shares of Series D Preferred Stock	$	1,141		$	-
Purchase of insurance policies financed by short-term note payable	$	-		$	(61,735	)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

PROVECTUS BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1. Business Organization, Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation

Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., a Delaware corporation (together with its subsidiaries, “Provectus” or “the Company”), is a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing immunotherapy medicines for different diseases based on a class of synthetic small molecule halogenated xanthenes (“HXs”). Our lead HX molecule is named rose bengal sodium (“RBS”).

The Company’s proprietary, patented, pharmaceutical-grade RBS is the active pharmaceutical ingredient (“API”) in the drug candidates of our current clinical development programs and the non-clinical formulations of our current non-clinical proof-of-concept in vivo and early discovery programs. Importantly, our pharmaceutical-grade RBS displays different therapeutic effects at different concentrations and can be formulated for delivery by different routes of administration.

The Company believes that RBS targets disease in a bifunctional multi-modal manner. Direct contact by RBS may lead to cell death or repair, depending on the disease being treated and the concentration of RBS utilized in the treatment formulation, by one or more targeting mechanisms. Multivariate innate and adaptive immune activation, signaling, and response may follow that may manifest as stimulatory, inhibitory, or both.

The Company believes that it is the first entity to advance an RBS formulation into clinical trials for the treatment of a disease, such as those trials reported on the clinical trials registry at ClinicalTrials.gov.

The Company believes that it is the first and only entity to date to make pharmaceutical-grade RBS successfully, reproducibly, and consistently at a purity of nearly 100%.

The Company’s small molecule medical science platform comprises several different drug candidates and non-clinical targets using different concentrations delivered by different routes of administration specific to each disease area and/or disease indication, including:

	●	Clinical development programs in oncology (intratumoral administration), dermatology (topical), and ophthalmology (topical),

	●	Proof-of-concept in vivo programs in oncology (oral), hematology (oral), wound healing (topical), and canine cancers (intratumoral), and

	●	Early discovery programs (in vitro) in infectious diseases and tissue regeneration and repair.

Risks and Uncertainties

The Company’s activities are subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including failing to successfully develop and license or commercialize the Company’s prescription drug candidates.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information pursuant to Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements and should be reviewed in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC on March 28, 2024. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the six months ended June 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024.

2. Liquidity and Going Concern

To date, the Company has not generated any revenues or profits from planned principal operations.

The Company’s cash and restricted cash were $589,283 at June 30, 2024 which includes $559,702 of restricted cash resulting from a grant received from the State of Tennessee. The Company’s working capital deficit was $7,569,256 and $7,652,098 as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, net loss for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $1,350,890 and $1,662,516, respectively, and cash used in operations was $1,807,080 and $1,241,893 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company continues to incur significant operating losses. Management expects that significant on-going operating expenditures will be necessary to successfully implement the Company’s business plan and develop and market its products. These circumstances raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. Implementation of the Company’s plans and its ability to continue as a going concern will depend upon the Company’s ability to develop PV-10, PH-10, and/or any other halogenated xanthene-based drug products, and to raise additional capital.

The Company plans to access capital resources through possible public or private equity offerings, including the 2024 financing (see Note 13), exchange offers, debt financings, corporate collaborations, or other means. In addition, the Company continues to explore opportunities to strategically monetize its lead drug candidates, PV-10 and PH-10, through potential co-development and licensing transactions, although there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful with such plans. The Company has historically been able to raise capital through equity offerings, although there can be no assurance that it will continue to be successful in the future. If the Company is unable to raise sufficient capital, it will not be able to pay its obligations as they become due.

The primary business objective of management is to build the Company into a commercial-stage biotechnology company; however, there can be no assurance that it will be successful in co-developing, licensing, and/or commercializing PV-10, PH-10, and/or any other halogenated xanthene-based drug candidate developed by the Company or entering into any financial transaction. Moreover, even if the Company is successful in improving its current cash flow position, the Company nonetheless plans to seek additional funds to meet its long-term requirements in 2024 and beyond. The Company anticipates that these funds will otherwise come from the proceeds of private placement transactions, the exercise of existing warrants and outstanding stock options, or public offerings of debt or equity securities. While the Company believes that it has a reasonable basis for its expectation that it will be able to raise additional funds, there can be no assurance that it will be able to obtain funds on commercially acceptable terms, or complete additional financing in a timely manner. Any such financing may result in significant dilution to stockholders.

These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of liabilities that may be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern.

Our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), which contemplate our continuation as a going concern and the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The carrying amounts of assets and liabilities presented in the consolidated financial statements do not necessarily purport to represent realizable or settlement values.

3. Significant Accounting Policies

Since the date the Company’s December 31, 2023 consolidated financial statements were issued in its 2023 Annual Report on March 28, 2024, there have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies.

Principles of Consolidation

Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company’s significant estimates and assumptions include the recoverability and useful lives of long-lived assets, accrued liabilities, and the valuation allowance related to the Company’s deferred tax assets.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash consists of a grant award received from the State of Tennessee. Restricted cash available as of June 30, 2024 is $559,702. See Note 10, Grants.

Cash Concentrations

Cash and restricted cash are maintained at financial institutions and, at times, balances may exceed federally insured limits of $250,000, although the Company seeks to minimize this through treasury management. The Company has never experienced any losses related to these balances although there can be no assurance that it will not experience any losses in the future. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had cash and restricted cash balances in excess of FDIC insurance limits of $339,283 and $776,799, respectively.

Basic and Diluted Loss Per Common Share

Basic loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of vested common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other instruments to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock. The following securities are excluded from the calculation of weighted average dilutive common shares because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:


	June 30,
	2024		2023
Warrants		-		475,000
Options		3,225,000		3,425,000
Convertible preferred stock		120,985,865		111,915,797
2021 unsecured convertible notes		505,746		2,022,750
2022 unsecured convertible notes		10,113,074		7,485,783

Total potentially dilutive shares		134,829,685		125,324,330

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.” These amendments require a public entity to disclose significant segment expenses and other segment items on an annual and interim basis and to provide in interim periods all disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets that are currently required annually. Public entities with a single reporting segment are required to provide both the new disclosures and all of the existing disclosures required under ASC 280. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating any new disclosures that may be required upon adoption of ASU 2023-07.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The amendments in this update address investor requests for more transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. This update also includes certain other amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 are effective for the Company for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating any new disclosures that may be required upon adoption of ASU 2023-09.

4. Other Accrued Expenses

The following table summarizes the other accrued expenses at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

Schedule of Other Accrued Expenses

	June 30,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Accrued payroll and taxes	$	1,037,118	$	719,460
Accrued vacation		109,706		92,985
Accrued directors’ fees		2,054,339		2,330,589
Accrued other expenses		187,262		97,402
Total other accrued expenses	$	3,388,425	$	3,240,436

5. Convertible Notes Payable

The following summarizes convertible notes payable activity during the six months ended June 30, 2024:

2021 Financing

Schedule of Convertible Notes Payable

	Non-Related Party		Related Party
	Face Amount		Face Amount			Total
Balance as of January 1, 2024	$	-	$	200,000		$	200,000
Repayment		-		(100,000	)		(100,000	)
Balance as of June 30, 2024	$	-	$	100,000		$	100,000

2022 Financing

	Non-Related Party		Related Party
	Face Amount		Face Amount			Total
Balance as of January 1, 2024	$	800,000	$	1,675,000		$	2,475,000
Issued		353,000		1,285,000			1,638,000
Conversion		-		(1,325,000	)		(1,325,000	)
Balance as of June 30, 2024	$	1,153,000	$	1,635,000		$	2,788,000
Balance	$	1,153,000	$	1,635,000		$	2,788,000

On July 11, 2024, the Board approved the closure of the 2022 Financing. Through June 30, 2024, the Company received 2022 Notes proceeds in the aggregate amount of $4,865,500, of which $3,637,500 is from a related party investor (a Company officer/director).

For further details on the terms of the 2021 and 2022 Notes, refer to our Form 10-K as filed with the SEC on March 28, 2024.

2024 Repayment of 2021 Notes

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company repaid $100,000 principal owed on the 2021 Note. As of June 30, 2024, principal and interest in the amount of $100,000 and $44,744, respectively, remains outstanding on the 2021 Note.

2024 Conversions of 2022 Notes into Preferred Stock

During the three months ended June 30, 2024, principal and interest in the aggregate amount of $783,296, owed in connection with the 2022 Notes were converted into 273,691 shares of Series D-1 Preferred Stock at the Conversion Price of $2.862. Any fractional shares issuable pursuant to the formula were rounded up to the next whole share of Series D-1 Preferred Stock. See Note 8, Stockholders’ Deficit for additional information on the Series D-1 Preferred Stock.

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, principal and interest in the aggregate amount of $1,431,457, owed in connection with the 2022 Notes were converted into 500,165 shares of Series D-1 Preferred Stock at the Conversion Price of $2.862. Any fractional shares issuable pursuant to the formula were rounded up to the next whole share of Series D-1 Preferred Stock. See Note 8, Stockholders’ Deficit for additional information on the Series D-1 Preferred Stock.

6. Notes Payable

The Company obtained short-term financing from AFCO Insurance Premium Finance for our commercial insurance policies. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the balance of the note payable was $109,862 and $277,815, respectively.

7. Related Party Transactions

During the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company had consulting fees of $0 and $63,600, respectively, to Mr. Bruce Horowitz (Capital Strategists) for services rendered. During the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company had consulting fees of $63,600 and $127,200, respectively. As of March 25, 2024, Mr. Horowitz resigned as COO and member of the Board. On March 26, 2024, the Company paid Mr. Horowitz $250,000 and on June 27, 2024, the Company paid $258,000 for outstanding consulting fees. Mr. Horowitz waived the amount of $469,000 due to him in directors’ fees.

See Note 5 for details of other related party transactions.

Directors’ fees incurred during the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, were $77,500 and $96,250, respectively. Directors’ fees incurred during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, were $173,750 and $192,500, respectively. Accrued directors’ fees as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were $2,054,339 and $2,330,589, respectively.

8. Stockholders’ Deficit

Preferred Stock

During the three months ended June 30, 2024, the Company issued 273,691 shares of Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock upon the conversion of $725,000 of principal and $58,294 accrued interest outstanding on the 2022 Notes.

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company issued 500,165 shares of Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock upon the conversion of $1,325,000 of principal and $106,457 accrued interest outstanding on the 2022 Notes.

On June 21, 2024, the Board of Directors approved the conversion of 11,416,242 Series D Preferred Shares held by Dominic Rodrigues (a Company officer and director) into 1,141,626 shares of Series D-1 Preferred shares.

Number of Preferred Shares

On June 24, 2024, the Company filed an amended Series D Certificate of Designation to decrease the authorized shares from 12,374,000 to 957,100 shares of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock. The Series D-1 Certificate of Designation was also amended to increase the authorized shares from 9,441,000 to 23,042,900 shares of Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock.

2024 Equity Compensation Plan

At the shareholder meeting held on June 20, 2024, the proposal for the new 2024 Equity Compensation Plan was approved. The approval gives the Company authority to grant Options and award Restricted Stock under the 2024 Equity Compensation Plan for up to 100,000,000 shares of our common stock, which are approximately fifteen percent (15%) of the issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock on an as converted basis as of the effective date of the 2024 Equity Compensation Plan.

Options

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not have any issuances, grants, or exercises of options.

The following table summarizes option activities during the six months ended June 30, 2024:

Schedule of Option Activity

			Weighted Average		Weighted Average Remaining		Aggregate Intrinsic
	Shares		Exercise Price		Life in Years		Value
Outstanding and exercisable at January 1, 2024		3,225,000	$	0.27			$	-
Expired		-		-
Outstanding and exercisable at June 30, 2024		3,225,000	$	0.27		1.40	$	-

The following table summarizes information about options outstanding and exercisable at June 30, 2024:

Summary of Stock Options Outstanding

Exercise Price		Outstanding and Exercisable		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life		Intrinsic Value

$	0.12		2,425,000		1.40	$	14,550
$	0.29		100,000		1.40	$	-
$	0.75		550,000		1.50	$	-
$	0.88		150,000		0.10	$	-

			3,225,000		1.40	$	14,550

Warrants

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not have any issuances, grants, or exercises of warrants.

The following table summarizes warrant activities during the six months ended June 30, 2024:

Schedule of Warrant Activity

	Number of			Weighted Average		Weighted Average Remaining		Aggregate Intrinsic
	Warrants			Exercise Price		Life in Years		Value

Outstanding and exercisable at January 1, 2024		412,500		$	1.07
Expired		(412,500	)		1.07
Outstanding and exercisable at June 30, 2024		-		$	-		-	$	-

Annual Stockholder Meeting Proposals

The Company held its annual meeting of stockholders on June 20, 2024. Stockholders authorized the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) to amend the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended by the Certificate of Designation of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock and Certificate of Designation of Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Certificates of Designation”), to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock, Series D Convertible Preferred Stock, and Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock at a ratio of between 1-for-10 and 1-for-50, where the ratio would be determined by the Board at its discretion, and to make corresponding amendments to the Certificates of Designation to provide for the proportional adjustment of certain terms upon a reverse stock split, consistent with the Board’s recommendation. The Company’s stockholders also authorized the Board to amend the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, as amended by the Certificates of Designation, to decrease the number of authorized shares of the Company’s common stock and preferred stock by the same reverse stock split ratio determined by the Board, consistent with the Board’s recommendation. The Board has not acted on these stockholder authorizations as of the filing date.

9. Leases

On June 18, 2022, the Company leased 2,700 square feet of corporate office space in Knoxville, Tennessee through an operating lease agreement for a term of three years ending on June 30, 2025. The monthly base rent ranges from $4,053 to $4,278 over the term of the lease.

Total operating lease expense for the three months ended June 30, 2024 was $13,002, of which $8,668 was included within research and development and $4,334 was included within general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Total operating lease expense for the three months ended June 30, 2023 was $12,672 of which $8,448 was included within research and development and $4,224 was included within general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Total operating lease expense for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $25,844, of which $17,229 was included within research and development and $8,615 was included within general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Total operating lease expense for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was $26,179 of which $17,453 was included within research and development and $8,726 was included within general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

A summary of the Company’s right-of-use assets and liabilities is as follows:

	For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,
	2024			2023

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows used in operating leases	$	23,402		$	21,597

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	-		$	-

Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases		1 year			2 years

Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases		5.0	%		5.0	%

Future minimum payments under the Company’s non-cancellable lease obligations as of June 30, 2024 were as follows:

Future Minimum Payments

Years	Amount
2024	$	25,669
2025		25,669
Total lease payments		51,338
Less: amount representing imputed interest		(1,363	)
Present value of lease liability		49,975
Less: current portion		(49,975	)
Lease liability, non-current portion	$	-

10. Grants

On October 25, 2021, the Company received a grant award of $2,500,000 from the State of Tennessee for the study of animal cancers and dermatological disorders for the period October 15, 2021 to June 30, 2022 (the “Tennessee Grant” or “Grant”). The Tennessee Grant was pre-funded; therefore, the funds do not need to be used in full by June 30, 2022. The Tennessee Grant was provided as reimbursement of research and development expenses related to the development of animal health drug products. The Company has elected gross presentation of the Tennessee Grant income whereby grant revenue is recognized as qualifying costs are incurred and there is reasonable assurance that the conditions of the grant have been met. Qualifying costs are presented as research and development expenses included in the Company’s statement of operations, in the period that such costs are incurred.

As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $460,185 and $953,248, respectively, have been recorded as unearned grant revenue liability on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets, respectively. The Company recorded grant revenue of $254,991 and $493,063 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and $161,842 and $366,867 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively.

11. License Transactions

In the third quarter of 2019, the Company entered into a dialog with Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (“BPEI”) regarding collaboration on BPEI’s ophthalmic photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (“PDAT”) using the Company’s pharmaceutical-grade RBS. On February 16, 2022, and later amended on May 11, 2022, the Company entered into an option agreement with the University of Miami (“UM”) for an exclusive worldwide license of intellectual property (“IP”) developed by the Ophthalmic Biophysics Center (“OBC”) of BPEI that included the use of OBC’s PDAT medical device in combination with formulations of the Company’s pharmaceutical-grade RBS for the treatment of bacterial, fungal, and viral infections of the eye. The Company completed the arrangements of this collaboration during the third quarter of 2022, whereby the Company paid $5,000 for the option that expires on May 31, 2023; agreed to pay up to $10,000 of new UM patent expenses for this IP during the period of the option and up to $25,000 of past UM patent expenses for this IP; and entered into a sponsored research agreement with UM on September 16, 2022 to study the combination of OBC’s PDAT and TOP PV-305, a formulation of the Company’s pharmaceutical-grade RBS, for the treatment of infectious keratitis.

On March 21, 2024, the Company entered into an exclusive worldwide license for the IP. Details of the license agreement are reported in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 27, 2024.

12. Commitments, Contingencies and Litigation

The Company may, from time to time, be involved in litigation arising from the ordinary course of business. The Company is not aware of any pending or threatened litigation that, if resolved against the Company, would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

13. Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated events that have occurred after the balance sheet and through the date the financial statements were issued. Based upon the evaluation, the Company did not identify any recognized or non-recognized subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the financial statements, except as disclosed below.

2024 Financing

On July 11, 2024, the Board approved a Financing Term Sheet (the “2024 Term Sheet”), which set forth the terms under which the Company will use its best efforts to arrange for financing of a maximum of $10,000,000 (the “2024 Financing”), which amounts will be obtained in several tranches.

Pursuant to the 2024 Term Sheet, the 2024 Notes (defined below) will convert into shares of the Company’s Series D-1 Preferred Stock twelve months after the issue date of a 2024 Note, subject to certain exceptions.

The 2024 Financing will be in the form of an unsecured convertible loan (the “2024 Loan”) from the investors (the “2024 Loan Investors”) and evidenced by convertible promissory notes (individually, a “2024 Note” and collectively, the “2024 Notes”). In addition to customary provisions, the 2024 Notes will contain the following provisions:

	(i)	The 2024 Loan will bear interest at the rate of eight percent (8%) per annum on the outstanding principal amount of the Loan that has been funded to the Company;

	(ii)	In the event there is a change of control of the Board, the term of the 2024 Notes will be accelerated and all amounts due under the 2024 Notes may be immediately due and payable at the 2024 Loan Investors’ option;

	(iii)	The outstanding principal amount and interest payable under the 2024 Loan may be convertible at the 2024 Loan Investors’ option into shares of Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock at a price per share equal to $2.8620. The Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible into ten (10) shares of common stock; and

	(iv)	The outstanding principal amount and interest payable under the 2024 Loan will be automatically convertible into shares of the Company’s Series D-1 Preferred Stock twelve (12) months after the issue date of a 2024 Note at a price per share equal to $2.8620.

For further details on the terms of the 2024 Financing and the details of the 2024 Notes, refer to our Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on July 17, 2024.

Convertible Notes Payable

Subsequent to June 30, 2024, the Company entered into 2024 Notes with a related party investor (Executive Officer) in the aggregate principal amount of $215,000.

Series D-1 Preferred Stock

Subsequent to June 30, 2024, principal and interest in the aggregate amount of $972,600, owed in connection with 2022 Notes was converted into 339,833 shares of Series D-1 Preferred Stock at the Conversion Price of $2.862. Any fractional shares issuable pursuant to the formula were rounded up to the next whole share of Series D-1 Preferred Stock.

Subsequent to June 30, 2024, a holder of 38,474 shares of Series D-1 Preferred Stock voluntarily converted the Preferred Stock into 384,740 shares of Common Stock.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

The following discussion is intended to assist in the understanding and assessment of significant changes and trends related to our results of operations and our financial condition together with our consolidated subsidiaries. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC on March 28, 2024 (“2023 Form 10-K”), which includes additional information about our critical accounting policies and practices and risk factors. Historical results and percentage relationships set forth in the consolidated statement of operations, including trends which might appear, are not necessarily indicative of future operations.

Clinical Development and Drug Discovery

The Company’s small molecule HX medical science platform, which comprises different drug candidates and non-clinical formulations made from pharmaceutical-grade RBS using different concentrations and delivered by different routes of administration specific to each disease and/or disease indication, includes:

Clinical Development Programs

	●	Oncology: Intratumoral (“ITU”) formulation PV-10^®(“ITU PV-10”) has undergone and is undergoing multiple, monotherapy and combination therapy, early- to late-stage clinical trials, expanded access programs (“EAPs”) for groups of and individual patients, and/or quality of life (“QOL”) study at multiple clinical sites in Australia, Europe, and the U.S. for the treatments of Stage III and IV melanoma and different types of liver cancers. ITU PV-10 has undergone clinical monotherapy and combination therapy mechanism of action and mechanism of immune response study for melanoma, metastatic uveal melanoma, and metastatic neuroendocrine tumors at Moffitt Cancer Center (“Moffitt”) in Tampa, Florida, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Adelaide, Australia, and MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas.

	●	Dermatology: Topical (“TOP”) formulation PH-10^® (“TOP PH-10”) has undergone multiple mid-stage, monotherapy clinical trials for the treatments of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis at different clinical sites in the U.S. TOP PH-10 has undergone clinical monotherapy mechanism of action and mechanism of immune response study for psoriasis at The Rockefeller University in New York, New York (“TRU”). Different formulations have undergone non-clinical combination therapy study for psoriasis and are undergoing non-clinical monotherapy study for skin inflammation at TRU.

	●	Ophthalmology: The Company believes that clinical monotherapy proof-of-concept (“POC”) of TOP administration of non-pharmaceutical grade rose bengal for the treatment of infectious keratitis has been shown by clinicians and researchers at the University of Miami’s Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (“BPEI”) in Miami, Florida, who are now collaborating with the Company to evaluate the potential use of our pharmaceutical-grade RBS.

		TOP PV-305 has undergone non-clinical monotherapy study for diseases and disorders of the eye, such as infectious keratitis, at BPEI.

Non-clinical Proof-of-Concept In Vivo Programs

	●	Oncology: ITU PV-10 has undergone non-clinical monotherapy and combination therapy study for the treatment of pancreatic cancer and human papillomavirus-positive and negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma at Moffitt. ITU PV-10 has undergone non-clinical monotherapy study for the treatment of penile squamous cell carcinoma at an academic medical center. ITU PV-10 has undergone non-clinical monotherapy and combination therapy study for the treatment of relapsed and refractory pediatric solid tumor cancers at the University of Calgary’s Cumming School of Medicine in Calgary, Canada (“UCal”). The Company believes that the UCal researchers have achieved in vivo monotherapy POC of ITU administration.

		Oral (“PO”) formulations are undergoing non-clinical monotherapy study for high-risk and refractory adult solid tumor cancers at UCal. The Company believes that the UCal researchers and the Company have both achieved in vivo monotherapy POC of PO administration, that the Company has achieved in vivo monotherapy POC of PO administration in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings, and that the Company has achieved in vivo monotherapy POC of intravenous (“IV”) administration.

	●	Hematology: PO formulations have undergone non-clinical monotherapy study for the treatment of refractory and relapsed pediatric and other blood cancers, including leukemias, at UCal. The Company believes that the UCal researchers have achieved in vivo monotherapy POC of PO administration.

	●	Wound Healing: Different formulations are undergoing non-clinical monotherapy study for the healing of full-thickness cutaneous wounds. The Company believes that in vivo monotherapy POC of TOP administration of non-pharmaceutical grade rose bengal for the treatment of this indication has been shown by researchers at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston, Texas, who are now collaborating with the Company to use our pharmaceutical-grade RBS.

	●	Animal Health: Different formulations are undergoing non-clinical monotherapy study for the treatment of canine soft tissue sarcomas at the University of Tennessee’s College of Veterinary Medicine in Knoxville, Tennessee. The Company believes that it has achieved monotherapy POC of ITU administration in canines.

Non-clinical Early Drug Discovery (In Vitro) Programs

	●	Immune vaccine adjuvant: Different formulations have undergone and are undergoing non-clinical study as a vaccine adjuvant to enhance T cell responses for anti-viral and anti-cancer vaccines.

	●	Infectious Diseases: PO and intranasal (“IN”) formulations have undergone and are undergoing non-clinical monotherapy study for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 at UCal, another Canadian academic research center, the University of Tennessee Health Science Center (“UTHSC”) in Memphis, Tennessee, and a U.S. contract research organization. Different formulations have undergone non-clinical monotherapy and combination therapy study for the treatment of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections (including multi-drug resistant strains) and have undergone non-clinical monotherapy study for the treatment of oral bacterial infections at UTHSC. Different formulations have undergone non-clinical monotherapy study for the treatment of fungal infections at UTHSC.

	●	Tissue Regeneration and Repair: Different formulations have undergone non-clinical monotherapy study for vertebrate development, wound healing, and tissue regrowth at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas in Las Vegas, Nevada.

	●	Proprietary: Different formulations are undergoing non-clinical study for a proprietary disease at an academic medical center.

Business Strategy

The Company is selectively continuing ongoing and planning to initiate new monotherapy and combination therapy ITU PV-10 clinical trials in melanoma and liver cancer indications to generate more and/or new clinical data and appropriately utilizing clinical data from historical ITU PV-10 trials, EAPs, and/or QOL study of these oncology indications. Our goals are to pursue drug approval pathways and/or co-development relationships with commercial pharmaceutical companies for ITU PV-10 based on these indications and data.

The Company is developing a systemically administered formulation of pharmaceutical-grade RBS for the treatment of cancer. Our goals, when this work is complete, are to file an investigational new drug application (“IND”) with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), take an initial systemic drug candidate into an early-stage clinic trial for an initial oncology or hematology indication, and/or pursue a co-development collaboration or out-license arrangement for this route of administration and disease area.

The Company is developing different formulations of pharmaceutical-grade RBS using different concentrations and different routes of administration (e.g., PO, IV, IN) for other disease areas by endeavoring to show non-clinical activity and lack of toxicity. Our goals, when each task of this work is completed, are to file an IND with the FDA, take an initial drug candidate into an early-stage clinic trial for an initial indication, and/or pursue a co-development collaboration or out-license arrangement for the respective disease area and route of administration.

The Company is endeavoring to fully elucidate the traits and characteristics of the RBS molecule using different academic medical centers under sponsored research and testing agreements. Our goal is to gain and communicate additional knowledge of the RBS molecule’s targeting, mechanism, signaling, immune response, and other features that are common to and/or different from each disease area and indication under research.

The Company is doing rigorous, chemical analytical comparisons of non-pharmaceutical grades of rose bengal from specialty chemical suppliers against the Company’s pharmaceutical-grade RBS. Our goal is to demonstrate the proprietary nature of the Company’s pharmaceutical-grade RBS and that our pharmaceutical-grade RBS meets the necessary uniformity and purity requirements for commercial pharmaceutical use.

RBS API and Drug Candidate Manufacturing

Our pharmaceutical-grade RBS resulted from the Company’s innovation of a proprietary, patented, commercial-scale process to synthesize and utilize the RBS molecule into a viable active pharmaceutical ingredient (“API”) for commercial pharmaceutical use; the development of unique chemistry, manufacturing, and control (“CMC”) specifications for API and drug candidate manufacturing processes; the production and multi-year stability testing of multiple API and drug candidate lots; the comprehensive documentation of lot composition and reproducibility; and the review and acceptance of CMC data from these lots by seven different national drug regulatory agencies for use in a prior, multi-country, multi-center Phase 3 randomized control trial of the Company.

The Company’s API and drug candidate manufacturing processes employ Quality-by-Design principles, current good manufacturing practice (“cGMP”) regulations, and the guidelines of The International Council for Harmonization (ICH) of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. These processes utilize controls that eliminate the formation of historical impurities and avoid the introduction of potentially hazardous impurities that the Company believes may have been and could be present in uncontrolled and unreported amounts in non-pharmaceutical grades of rose bengal.

The Company’s processes of synthesizing the RBS molecule into pharmaceutical-grade RBS and manufacturing RBS API and ITU PV-10 drug candidate, the processes’ CMC specifications, and the CMC data from the production of stability lots of API and drug candidate have been reviewed by multiple national drug regulatory agencies prior to granting clinical trial authorizations for the Company to commence a historical Phase 3 study of ITU PV-10 for the treatment of locally advanced cutaneous melanoma, including the U.S. FDA, Germany’s Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (BfArM), Australia’s Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) under a clinical trial notification, France’s Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Médicament et des Produits de Santé (ANSM), Italy’s Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco (AIFA), Mexico’s Comisión Federal para la Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios (COFEPRIS), and Argentina’s Administración Nacional de Medicamentos, Alimentos y Tecnología Médica (ANMAT).

RBS Non-proprietary Name

The RBS name for the Company’s pharmaceutical-grade API was selected by and passed the review of the World Health Organization (“WHO”) Expert Advisory Panel on the International Pharmacopoeia and Pharmaceutical Preparations after the Company applied for the non-proprietary name in the third quarter of 2020 and reached the status of recommended International Non-proprietary Names (“INN”). INN Recommended List 88, which includes the RBS name, was published with the No. 3 issue of the WHO Drug Information, Volume 36 in the fourth quarter of 2022.

Non-Pharmaceutical Grades of Rose Bengal

Commercial-Grade

This material may be purchased from specialty chemical suppliers in the U.S. and from other parts of the world; however, the Company believes that the material itself is almost exclusively made in China and India under non-cGMP conditions. Commercial grade rose bengal appears to have reported purity that may vary between approximately 80% and 95%, and that may contain substantial amounts of unreported impurities and/or gross contaminants. Commercial grade rose bengal is typically used by researchers unaffiliated with the Company for non-clinical study of the rose bengal molecule for potential biomedical therapeutic applications.

We believe that commercial grade rose bengal is still manufactured using the historical process (or a variant thereof) that was developed by the synthetic molecule’s original Swiss creator Rudolph Gnehm in 1881. Some manufacturers may, however, apply purification techniques that the Company believes still result in materials that may possess questionable purity and contaminants and may also be subject to substantial lot-to-lot manufacturing variability.

Diagnostic-Grade

The Company coined this phrase to describe non-approved rose bengal that is used as an ingredient in historical or current ophthalmic solutions and strips, has been historically or is presently compounded by pharmacists for ophthalmic use, and has been or is in other non-ophthalmic diagnostic tests such as the rose bengal test in human brucellosis.

We presume, but have not yet confirmed, that diagnostic-grade rose bengal is derived from commercial-grade rose bengal that may have undergone a form of purification and/or may have been compounded under cGMP regulations by a pharmacist, academic medical researcher, or commercial entity. Here too, the Company believes that purification may not sufficiently improve the amounts and accuracy of rose bengal purity and lot contents and may not adequately reduce or eliminate lot-to-lot manufacturing variability.

Chemical Analytical Comparison

In the first quarter of 2022, the Company began work with a U.S. contract development and manufacturing organization to assess rigorously and methodically three lots of commercial-grade rose bengal, one each from three different specialty chemical suppliers, and compare these non-pharmaceutical grade materials with the Company’s pharmaceutical-grade RBS. This chemical analytical work was substantially completed by the end of the third quarter of 2022. The Company believes that the preliminary results of these analyses indicate that all three lots of commercial grade rose bengal had rose bengal purity that was drastically different from what was represented on their respective certificates of analysis (“CofAs”), and that one of the three lots contained gross contaminants that were not represented on its CofA.

Potential Barriers to Entry

The Company believes that the Company’s proprietary, patented, pharmaceutical-grade RBS possesses several competitive advantages over non-pharmaceutical-grades of rose bengal that researchers, clinicians, and academic, business, and/or governmental competitors have used, are using, and/or may attempt to use for potential biomedical applications. The Company believes that non-pharmaceutical-grades of rose bengal may suffer from the uncontrolled presence of substance-related impurities and/or gross contaminants, substantial lot-to-lot manufacturing variability, inaccurately reported and/or misrepresented purity and contents, and the lack of reproducible, consistent, and fulsome CMC specifications and documentation.

The Company believes that historical and potentially hazardous impurities and other manufacturing and handling issues facing non-pharmaceutical grades of rose bengal may pose significant scientific, technological, and economic challenges to overcome and validate for compliance with modern drug regulatory standards.

Components of Operating Results

Grant Revenue

Grant revenue is recognized when qualifying costs are incurred and there is reasonable assurance that the conditions of the grant have been met. Cash received from grants in advance of incurring qualifying costs is recorded as unearned grant revenue and recognized as grant revenue when qualifying costs are incurred.

Research and Development Expenses

A large component of our total operating expenses is the Company’s investment in research and development activities, including the clinical development of our product candidates. Research and development expenses represent costs incurred to conduct research and undertake clinical trials to develop our drug candidates. These expenses consist primarily of:

	●	Costs of conducting clinical trials, including amounts paid to clinical centers, clinical research organizations and consultants, among others;
	●	Salaries and related expenses for personnel, including stock-based compensation expense;
	●	Other outside service costs including cost of contract manufacturing;
	●	The costs of supplies and reagents; and,
	●	Occupancy and depreciation charges.

We expense research and development costs as incurred.

Research and development activities are central to our business model. We expect our research and development expenses to increase in the future as we advance our existing product candidates through clinical trials and pursue their regulatory approval. Undertaking clinical development and pursuing regulatory approval are both costly and time-consuming activities. As a result of known and unknown uncertainties, we are unable to determine the duration and completion costs of our research and development activities, or if, when, and to what extent we will generate revenue from any subsequent commercialization and sale of our drug candidates.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expense consists primarily of salaries, stock-based compensation expense and other related costs for personnel in executive, finance, accounting, business development, legal, information technology and corporate communication functions. Other costs include facility costs not otherwise included in research and development expense, insurance, and professional fees for legal, patent and accounting services.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023

Overview

Grant revenue was $254,991 for the three months ended June 30, 2024, an increase of $93,149 or 57.6% compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. Total operating expenses were $1,049,845 for the three months ended June 30, 2024, an increase of $87,800 or 9.1% compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. The increase was driven primarily by (i) increased payroll and taxes for the addition of two officers, (ii) higher clinical trial costs related to study closure, partially offset by (iii) lower directors’ fees and professional fees due to the resignation of Bruce Horowitz, our former Chief Operating Officer, (iv) lower legal costs related to patents, and (v) lower insurance costs. Net loss for the three months ended June 30, 2024 was $846,848, an increase of $11,786 or 1.4% compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023.

	For the Three Months Ended
	June 30,
	2024			2023			Increase/(Decrease)			% Change

Grant Revenue	$	254,991		$	161,842		$	93,149			57.6	%

Operating Expenses:
Research and development		472,927			434,214			38,713			8.9	%
General and administrative		576,918			527,831			49,087			9.3	%
Total Operating Expenses		1,049,845			962,045			87,800			9.1	%

Total Operating Loss		(794,854	)		(800,203	)		5,349			0.7	%

Other Income/(Expense):
Research and development tax credit		9,301			15,965			(6,664	)		41.7	%
Interest expense		(61,295	)		(50,824	)		(10,471	)		-20.6	%

Total Other Expense, Net		(51,994	)		(34,859	)		(17,135	)		-49.2	%

Net Loss	$	(846,848	)	$	(835,062	)	$	(11,786	)		-1.4	%

Grant Revenue

For the three months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, there was $254,991 and $161,842, respectively, of grant revenue recognized related to qualifying expenses that were incurred and included within research and development expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses were $472,927 for the three months ended June 30, 2024, an increase of $38,713 or 8.9% compared to $434,214 for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The increase was primarily due to (i) higher clinical trial costs associated with study closure, and (ii) increased insurance costs.

The following table summarizes research and development expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

	For the Three Months Ended
	June 30,
	2024		2023		Increase/(Decrease)			% Change
Operating Expenses:
Research and development:
Clinical trial and research expenses	$	339,441	$	309,284	$	30,157			9.8	%
Depreciation/amortization		1,765		2,043		(278	)		-13.6	%
Insurance		57,540		49,356		8,184			16.6	%
Payroll and taxes		65,513		65,083		430			0.7	%
Rent and utilities		8,668		8,448		220			2.6	%
Total research and development	$	472,927	$	434,214	$	38,713			8.9	%

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses were $576,918 for the three months ended June 30, 2024, an increase of $49,087 or 9.3% compared to $527,831 for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The increase was primarily due to (i) increased payroll and taxes for the addition of two new officers, and (ii) increased other general and administrative costs, partially offset by (iii) lower directors’ fees and professional fees due to the resignation of Bruce Horowitz, our prior Chief Operating Officer, (iv) lower insurance costs, and (v) lower legal costs related to patents.

The following table summarizes general and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

	For the Three Months Ended
	June 30,
	2024		2023		Increase/(Decrease)			% Change
Operating Expenses:
General and administrative:
Depreciation	$	465	$	188	$	277			147.3	%
Directors’ fees		77,500		96,250		(18,750	)		-19.5	%
Insurance		41,684		52,465		(10,781	)		-20.5	%
Legal and litigation		136,660		147,525		(10,865	)		-7.4	%
Other general and administrative cost		26,636		23,990		2,646			11.0	%
Payroll and taxes		170,772		63,594		107,178			168.5	%
Professional fees		117,992		138,975		(20,983	)		-15.1	%
Rent and utilities		4,846		4,844		2			0.0	%
Foreign currency transactions		363		-		363			100.0	%
Total general and administrative	$	576,918	$	527,831	$	49,087			9.3	%

Other Expense, Net

Interest expense increased by $10,471 or 20.6% from $50,824 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 to $61,295 for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The increase was mainly due to the interest expense costs incurred in connection with the higher notes payable and convertible debt balances.

Research and development tax credit in Australia decreased by $6,664 or 41.7% from $15,965 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 to $9,301 for the three months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease was mainly due to no active clinical trials currently in Australia.

Comparison of the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023

Overview

Grant revenue was $493,063 for the six months ended June 30, 2024, an increase of $126,196 or 34.4% compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023. Total operating expenses were $1,735,182 for the six months ended June 30, 2024, a decrease of $214,101 or 11.0% compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023. The decrease was driven primarily by (i) reduced directors’ fees and professional fees due to the resignation of Bruce Horowitz, our former Chief Operating Officer, partially offset by (ii) higher clinical trial costs related to study closure, (iii) increased payroll and taxes due to the addition of two new officers, (iv) higher legal costs related to patents and general corporate counsel, and (v) higher other general and administrative cost. Net loss for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $1,350,890, a decrease of $311,626 or 18.7% compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023.

	For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,
	2024			2023			Increase/(Decrease)			% Change

Grant Revenue	$	493,063		$	366,867		$	126,196			34.4	%

Operating Expenses:
Research and development		1,028,462			982,607			45,855			4.7	%
General and administrative		706,720			966,676			(259,956	)		-26.9	%
Total Operating Expenses		1,735,182			1,949,283			(214,101	)		-11.0	%

Total Operating Loss		(1,242,119	)		(1,582,416	)		(340,297	)		-21.5	%

Other Income/(Expense):
Research and development tax credit		9,301			15,965			(6,664	)		-41.7	%
Interest expense		(118,072	)		(96,065	)		(22,007	)		-22.9	%

Total Other Expense, Net		(108,771	)		(80,100	)		(28,671	)		-35.8	%

Net Loss	$	(1,350,890	)	$	(1,662,516	)	$	311,626			-18.7	%

Grant Revenue

For the six months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, there was $493,063 and $366,867, respectively, of grant revenue recognized related to qualifying expenses that were incurred and included within research and development expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses were $1,028,462 for the six months ended June 30, 2024, an increase of $45,855 or 4.7% compared to $982,607 for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The increase was primarily due to (i) higher clinical trial costs associated with study closure, and (ii) higher payroll and taxes.

The following table summarizes research and development expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

	For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,
	2024		2023		Increase/(Decrease)			% Change
Operating Expenses:
Research and development:
Clinical trial and research expenses		758,821		715,879	$	42,942			6.0	%
Depreciation/amortization		3,530		3,530		-			0.0	%
Insurance		115,087		114,656		431			0.4	%
Payroll and taxes		133,795		131,089		2,706			2.1	%
Rent and utilities		17,229		17,453		(224	)		-1.3	%
Total research and development	$	1,028,462	$	982,607	$	45,855			4.7	%

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses were $706,720 for the six months ended June 30, 2024, a decrease of $259,956 or 26.9% compared to $966,676 for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The decrease was primarily due to (i) lower directors’ fees and professional fees due to the resignation of Bruce Horowitz, our prior Chief Operating Officer partially offset by (ii) higher legal fees related to patents and corporate matters pertaining to the 2024 proxy statement and officer’s resignation, (iii) higher payroll and taxes due to addition of two new officers, and (iv) higher other general and administrative costs due to a refund received in 2023 for employee retention.

The following table summarizes general and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

	For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,
	2024			2023		Increase/(Decrease)			% Change
Operating Expenses:
General and administrative:
Depreciation	$	931		$	931	$	-			0.0	%
Directors’ fees		(276,250	)		192,500		(468,750	)		-243.5	%
Insurance		87,263			89,088		(1,825	)		-2.0	%
Legal and litigation		313,480			207,597		105,883			51.0	%
Other general and administrative cost		41,347			12,910		28,437			220.3	%
Payroll and taxes		235,621			128,433		107,188			83.5	%
Professional fees		294,122			325,502		(31,380	)		-9.6	%
Rent and utilities		9,697			9,715		(18	)		-0.2	%
Foreign currency transactions		509			-		509			100.0	%
Total general and administrative	$	706,720		$	966,676	$	(259,956	)		-26.9	%

Other Expense, Net

Interest expense increased by $22,007 or 22.9% from $96,065 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 to $118,072 for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase was mainly due to the interest expense costs incurred in connection with the higher notes payable and convertible debt balances.

Research and development tax credit in Australia decreased by $6,664 or 41.7% from $15,965 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 to $9,301 for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease was mainly due to no active clinical trials currently in Australia.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company’s cash and restricted cash were $589,283 at June 30, 2024 which includes $559,702 of restricted cash resulting from a grant received from the State of Tennessee, compared to $1,026,799 at December 31, 2023, which included $950,223 of restricted cash. The Company’s working capital deficit was $7,569,256 and $7,652,098 as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. We have continuing net losses and negative cash flows from operating activities. In addition, we have an accumulated deficit of $254,041,299 as of June 30, 2024. These conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for a period within one year from the date that the financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are issued. The condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have been prepared on a basis that contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. Our financial statements do not include any adjustments to the amounts and classification of assets and liabilities that may be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern. Our ability to continue as a going concern depends on our ability to obtain additional financing as may be required to fund current operations.

As of June 30, 2024, cash required for our current liabilities included approximately $4,760,347 for accounts payable and other accrued expenses (including operating lease liabilities) and a $109,862 note payable related to our short-term financing of our commercial insurance policies. Also, if not converted prior to maturity, convertible debt in the amount of $2,888,000 plus accrued interest will mature one year from the date of the notes. The Company intends to meet these cash requirements from its current cash balance and from future financing.

Management’s plans include selling our equity securities and obtaining other financing, including the issuance of 2024 unsecured convertible notes (the “2024 Financing”), to fund our capital requirements and on-going operations; however, there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in these efforts. Significant funds will be needed to continue and complete our ongoing and planned clinical trials.

Access to Capital

Management plans to access capital resources through possible public or private equity offerings, including the 2024 Financing, equity financings, debt financings, corporate collaborations, or other means. If we are unable to raise sufficient capital, we will not be able to pay our obligations as they become due.

The primary business objective of management is to build the Company into a commercial-stage biotechnology company; however, there can be no assurance that management will be successful in implementing the Company’s business plan of developing, licensing, and/or commercializing our prescription drug candidates. Moreover, even if we are successful in improving our current cash flow position, we nonetheless plan to seek additional funds to meet our current and long-term requirements in 2024 and beyond. We anticipate that these funds will otherwise come from the proceeds of private placement transactions, the exercise of outstanding stock options, or public offerings of debt or equity securities. While we believe that we have a reasonable basis for our expectation that we will be able to raise additional funds, there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain funds on commercially acceptable terms, or complete additional financing in a timely manner. In addition, any such financing may result in significant dilution to stockholders.

Critical Accounting Estimates

We prepare our condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which require our management to make estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet dates, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our financial condition or results of operations would be affected. We base our estimates on our own historical experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable after taking account of our circumstances and expectations for the future based on available information. We evaluate these estimates on an ongoing basis.

We consider an accounting estimate to be critical if: (i) the accounting estimate requires us to make assumptions about matters that were highly uncertain at the time the accounting estimate was made, and (ii) changes in the estimate that are reasonably likely to occur from period to period or use of different estimates that we reasonably could have used in the current period, would have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. There are items within our financial statements that require estimation but are not deemed critical, as defined above.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, financings, or other relationships with unconsolidated entities or other persons, also known as special purpose entities (“SPEs”).

Available Information

Our website is located at www.provectusbio.com. We make available free of charge through this website our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed with or furnished to the SEC pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. Reference to our website does not constitute incorporation by reference of the information contained on the site and should not be considered part of this document.

The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC as we do. The website is http://www.sec.gov.

The Company also intends to use press releases, the Company’s website and certain social media accounts as a means of disclosing information and observations about the Company and its business, and for complying with the Company’s disclosure obligations under Regulation FD: the Provectus Substack account (provectus.substack.com), the @ProvectusBio X account (twitter.com/provectusbio), and the Company’s LinkedIn account (linkedin.com/company/provectus-biopharmaceuticals). The information and observations that the Company posts through these social media channels may be deemed material. Accordingly, investors should monitor these social media channels in addition to following the Company’s press releases, SEC filings, and website. The social media channels that the Company intends to use as a means of disclosing the information described above may be updated from time to time.

The contents of the websites provided above are not intended to be incorporated by reference into this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or our Annual Report on Form 10-K or in any other report or document we file with the SEC. Further, our references to the URLs for these websites are intended to be inactive textual references only.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

Not applicable.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered in this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

Even assuming the effectiveness of our controls and procedures, our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all error or all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. In general, our controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that our control system’s objective will be met, and our principal executive officer and principal financial officer has concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective at the reasonable assurance level. The design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Further, because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of controls in future periods are subject to risks. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal quarter covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements, Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 12.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.

There have been no material changes to the risk factors that were disclosed in the 2023 Form 10-K.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS.

2022 Financing

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company received aggregate proceeds of $670,000 and $1,638,000, respectively pursuant to certain unsecured convertible notes (the “2022 Notes”). Through June 30, 2024, the Company had drawn down $4,865,500 under the 2022 Notes.

For further details on the terms of the 2022 Notes, refer to our Form 10-K as filed with the SEC on March 28, 2024.

Preferred Convertible Stock

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company issued 273,691 and 500,165 shares, respectively, of restricted Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock upon the conversion of $725,000 and $1,325,000 of principal and $58,296 and $106,457 accrued interest, respectively, outstanding on the 2022 Notes.

The Company believes that such transactions were exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the “Securities Act”), in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act (or Rule 506(b) of Regulation D promulgated thereunder) as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES.

None.

ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION.

None.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS.

Exhibit No.		Description

3.1		Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights, and Limitations of Series D Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 25, 2024).

3.2		Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights, and Limitations of Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 25, 2024).

4.1		Form of Unsecured Convertible Promissory Note (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 17, 2024).

10.1		Pershing Employment Agreement, dated April 16, 2024, between the Company and Ed Pershing (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 16, 2024).

10.2		Rodrigues Employment Agreement, dated April 16, 2024, between the Company and Dominic Rodrigues (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 16, 2024).

10.3		Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. 2024 Equity Compensation Program (incorporated by reference to Appendix C of the Company’s definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on May 6, 2024).

10.4		Conversion Agreement, dated June 21, 2024, by and between the Company and Dominic Rodrigues (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 25, 2024).

10.5		2024 Financing Term Sheet (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 17, 2024).

31.1**		Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) (Section 302 Certification).

31.2**		Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) (Section 302 Certification).

32***		Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 (Section 906 Certification).

101.INS**		Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH**		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL**		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.LAB**		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

101 PRE**		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF**		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

104**		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

** Filed herewith.

*** Furnished herewith.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	PROVECTUS BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

August 13, 2024	By:	/s/ Dominic Rodrigues
		Dominic Rodrigues
		President (Principal Executive Officer)

	By:	/s/ Heather Raines
		Heather Raines, CPA
		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Dominic Rodrigues, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.;

2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

	(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

	(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

	(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

	(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

	(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

	(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 13, 2024	By:	/s/ Dominic Rodrigues
		Dominic Rodrigues
		President (Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Heather Raines, CPA, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.;

2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

	(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

	(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

	(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

	(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

	(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

	(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 13, 2024	By:	/s/ Heather Raines
		Heather Raines, CPA
		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

Exhibit 32

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(b) UNDER

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 AND

SECTION 1350 OF CHAPTER 63 OF TITLE 18 OF THE UNITED STATES CODE

Each of the undersigned, Dominic Rodrigues, the President (principal executive officer) of Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Company”), and Heather Raines, CPA, the Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer) of the Company, certifies, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code, that (1) this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2024, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, and (2) the information contained in this report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

This Certification is signed on August 13, 2024.

	By:	/s/ Dominic Rodrigues
		Dominic Rodrigues
		President (Principal Executive Officer)

	By:	/s/ Heather Raines
		Heather Raines, CPA
		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

Cover - $ / shares	6 Months Ended
Cover - $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2024	Aug. 12, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity File Number	001-36457
Entity Registrant Name	PROVECTUS BIOPHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0000315545
Entity Tax Identification Number	90-0031917
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Address, Address Line One	800 S. Gay Street
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 1610
Entity Address, City or Town	Knoxville
Entity Address, State or Province	TN
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	37929
City Area Code	866
Local Phone Number	594-5999
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		419,906,859
Entity Information, Former Legal or Registered Name	Not Applicable
Entity Listing, Par Value Per Share	$ 0.001

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current Assets:
Cash	$ 29,581	$ 76,576
Restricted cash	559,702	950,223
Short-term receivables	767	476
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	210,194	337,522
Total Current Assets	800,244	1,364,797
Equipment and furnishings, less accumulated depreciation of $115,455 and $110,994, respectively	7,559	12,020
Operating lease right-of-use asset	48,624	72,026
Total Assets	856,427	1,448,843
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable	1,321,947	1,675,891
Unearned grant revenue	460,185	953,248
Other accrued expenses	3,388,425	3,240,436
Notes payable	109,862	277,815
Operating lease liability, current portion	49,975	48,077
Total Current Liabilities	8,369,500	9,016,895
Operating lease liability, non-current portion		25,299
Total Liabilities	8,369,500	9,042,194
Commitments, contingencies, and litigations (Note 12)
Stockholders’ Deficit:
Common stock; par value $0.001 per share; 1,000,000,000 shares authorized; 419,522,119 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023	419,522	419,522
Additional paid-in capital	246,156,198	244,714,967
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(60,454)	(60,165)
Accumulated deficit	(254,041,299)	(252,690,409)
Total Stockholders’ Deficit	(7,513,073)	(7,593,351)
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit	856,427	1,448,843
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Stockholders’ Deficit:
Preferred stock, value	957	12,373
Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Stockholders’ Deficit:
Preferred stock, value	12,003	10,361
Nonrelated Party [Member]
Current Liabilities:
Accrued interest	62,076	22,600
Convertible notes payable	1,153,000	800,000
Related Party [Member]
Current Liabilities:
Accrued interest	89,030	123,828
Convertible notes payable	$ 1,735,000	$ 1,875,000

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Accumulated depreciation, equipment and furnishings	$ 115,455	$ 110,994
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	25,000,000	25,000,000
Common stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized	1,000,000,000	1,000,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	419,522,119	419,522,119
Common stock, shares outstanding	419,522,119	419,522,119
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Preferred stock, shares authorized	957,100	12,374,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	956,985	12,373,247
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	956,985	12,373,247
Preferred stock, liquidation preference value	$ 1,095,556	$ 14,164,889
Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Preferred stock, shares authorized	23,042,900	11,241,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	12,002,888	10,361,097
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	12,002,888	10,361,097
Preferred stock, liquidation preference value	$ 137,408,291	$ 118,613,136

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Income Statement [Abstract]
Grant Revenue	$ 254,991	$ 161,842	$ 493,063	$ 366,867
Operating Expenses:
Research and development	472,927	434,214	1,028,462	982,607
General and administrative	576,918	527,831	706,720	966,676
Total Operating Expenses	1,049,845	962,045	1,735,182	1,949,283
Total Operating Loss	(794,854)	(800,203)	(1,242,119)	(1,582,416)
Other Income/(Expense):
Research and development tax credit	9,301	15,965	9,301	15,965
Interest expense	(61,295)	(50,824)	(118,072)	(96,065)
Total Other Expense, Net	(51,994)	(34,859)	(108,771)	(80,100)
Net Loss	$ (846,848)	$ (835,062)	$ (1,350,890)	$ (1,662,516)
Net Loss per share - basic	$ (0.00)	$ (0.00)	$ (0.00)	$ (0.00)
Net Loss per share - diluted	$ (0.00)	$ (0.00)	$ (0.00)	$ (0.00)
Weighted average number of shares - basic	419,522,119	419,497,119	419,522,119	419,497,119
Weighted average number of shares - diluted	419,522,119	419,497,119	419,522,119	419,497,119

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Income Statement [Abstract]
Net Loss	$ (846,848)	$ (835,062)	$ (1,350,890)	$ (1,662,516)
Other Comprehensive Loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	126	(278)	(289)	(87)
Total Comprehensive Loss	$ (846,722)	$ (835,340)	$ (1,351,179)	$ (1,662,603)

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Deficit (Unaudited) - USD ($)	Preferred Stock [Member] Series D Preferred Stock [Member]	Preferred Stock [Member] Series D-1 Preferred Stock [Member]	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 12,373	$ 9,747	$ 419,497	$ 242,954,193	$ (35,679)	$ (249,588,641)	$ (6,228,510)
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2022	12,373,247	9,746,626	419,497,119
Conversion of 2021 Note to Series D-1 Preferred Stock		$ 18		53,992			54,010
Conversion of 2021 Note to Series D-1 Preferred Stock, shares		18,872
Net loss						(827,454)	(827,454)
Other comprehensive loss					191		191
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 12,373	$ 9,765	$ 419,497	243,008,185	(35,488)	(250,416,095)	(7,001,763)
Balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2023	12,373,247	9,765,498	419,497,119
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 12,373	$ 9,747	$ 419,497	242,954,193	(35,679)	(249,588,641)	(6,228,510)
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2022	12,373,247	9,746,626	419,497,119
Net loss							(1,662,516)
Balance at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 12,373	$ 9,954	$ 419,497	243,548,218	(35,766)	(251,251,157)	(7,296,881)
Balance, shares at Jun. 30, 2023	12,373,247	9,954,255	419,497,119
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 12,373	$ 9,765	$ 419,497	243,008,185	(35,488)	(250,416,095)	(7,001,763)
Balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2023	12,373,247	9,765,498	419,497,119
Conversion of 2021 Note to Series D-1 Preferred Stock		$ 189		540,033			540,222
Conversion of 2021 Note to Series D-1 Preferred Stock, shares		188,757
Net loss						(835,062)	(835,062)
Other comprehensive loss					(278)		(278)
Balance at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 12,373	$ 9,954	$ 419,497	243,548,218	(35,766)	(251,251,157)	(7,296,881)
Balance, shares at Jun. 30, 2023	12,373,247	9,954,255	419,497,119
Balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 12,373	$ 10,361	$ 419,522	244,714,967	(60,165)	(252,690,409)	(7,593,351)
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2023	12,373,247	10,361,097	419,522,119
Conversion of 2021 Note to Series D-1 Preferred Stock		$ 226		647,935			648,161
Conversion of 2021 Note to Series D-1 Preferred Stock, shares		226,474
Net loss						(504,042)	(504,042)
Other comprehensive loss					(415)		(415)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2024	$ 12,373	$ 10,587	$ 419,522	245,362,902	(60,580)	(253,194,451)	(7,449,647)
Balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2024	12,373,247	10,587,571	419,522,119
Balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 12,373	$ 10,361	$ 419,522	244,714,967	(60,165)	(252,690,409)	(7,593,351)
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2023	12,373,247	10,361,097	419,522,119
Net loss							(1,350,890)
Balance at Jun. 30, 2024	$ 957	$ 12,003	$ 419,522	246,156,198	(60,454)	(254,041,299)	(7,513,073)
Balance, shares at Jun. 30, 2024	956,985	12,002,888	419,522,119
Balance at Mar. 31, 2024	$ 12,373	$ 10,587	$ 419,522	245,362,902	(60,580)	(253,194,451)	(7,449,647)
Balance, shares at Mar. 31, 2024	12,373,247	10,587,571	419,522,119
Conversion of 2021 Note to Series D-1 Preferred Stock		$ 274		783,021			783,296
Conversion of 2021 Note to Series D-1 Preferred Stock, shares		273,691
Net loss						(846,848)	(846,848)
Other comprehensive loss					126		126
Forfeited shares of Series D Preferred Stock	$ (11,416)			11,416
Forfeited shares of Series D Preferred Stock, shares	(11,416,262)
Issuance of Series D-1 Preferred Stock for forfeited shares of Series D Preferred Stock		$ 1,141		(1,141)
Issuance of Series D-1 Preferred Stock for forfeited shares of Series D Preferred Stock, shares		1,141,626
Balance at Jun. 30, 2024	$ 957	$ 12,003	$ 419,522	$ 246,156,198	$ (60,454)	$ (254,041,299)	$ (7,513,073)
Balance, shares at Jun. 30, 2024	956,985	12,002,888	419,522,119

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net loss	$ (1,350,890)	$ (1,662,516)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Non-cash lease expense	23,402	22,272
Depreciation	4,461	4,461
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Short term receivables	(299)	(1,366)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	127,328	314,165
Accounts payable	(353,763)	(104,704)
Unearned grant revenue	(493,063)	(366,866)
Other accrued expenses	148,011	483,019
Operating lease liability	(23,401)	(21,597)
Accrued interest	111,134	91,239
Net Cash Used In Operating Activities	(1,807,080)	(1,241,893)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes payable	353,000
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes payable - related parties	1,285,000	1,325,000
Repayment of short-term note payable	(167,953)	(152,856)
Repayment of 2021 convertible note payable - related party	(100,000)
Proceeds from exercise of warrants
Net Cash Provided By Financing Activities	1,370,047	1,172,144
Effect of exchange rates on cash and restricted cash	(483)	(2,799)
Net Decrease In Cash and Restricted Cash	(437,516)	(72,548)
Cash and Restricted Cash, Beginning of Period	1,026,799	1,431,707
Cash and Restricted Cash, End of Period	589,283	1,359,159
Cash	29,581	176,010
Restricted cash	559,702	1,183,149
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:
Interest
Income taxes
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Conversion of 2021 Notes and related accrued interest to Series D-1 Preferred Stock		594,232
Conversion of 2022 Notes and related accrued interest to Series D-1 Preferred Stock	1,431,457
Forfeited shares of Series D Preferred Stock	(11,416)
Issuance of Series D-1 Preferred Stock for forfeited shares of Series D Preferred Stock	1,141
Purchase of insurance policies financed by short-term note payable		$ (61,735)

Business Organization, Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Business Organization, Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation

1. Business Organization, Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation

The Company believes that it is the first and only entity to date to make pharmaceutical-grade RBS successfully, reproducibly, and consistently at a purity of nearly 100%.

	●	Clinical development programs in oncology (intratumoral administration), dermatology (topical), and ophthalmology (topical),

	●	Proof-of-concept in vivo programs in oncology (oral), hematology (oral), wound healing (topical), and canine cancers (intratumoral), and

	●	Early discovery programs (in vitro) in infectious diseases and tissue regeneration and repair.

Risks and Uncertainties

The Company’s activities are subject to significant risks and uncertainties, including failing to successfully develop and license or commercialize the Company’s prescription drug candidates.

Basis of Presentation

Liquidity and Going Concern

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Liquidity and Going Concern

2. Liquidity and Going Concern

To date, the Company has not generated any revenues or profits from planned principal operations.

Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Significant Accounting Policies

3. Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash consists of a grant award received from the State of Tennessee. Restricted cash available as of June 30, 2024 is $559,702. See Note 10, Grants.

Cash Concentrations

Basic and Diluted Loss Per Common Share


	June 30,
	2024		2023
Warrants		-		475,000
Options		3,225,000		3,425,000
Convertible preferred stock		120,985,865		111,915,797
2021 unsecured convertible notes		505,746		2,022,750
2022 unsecured convertible notes		10,113,074		7,485,783

Total potentially dilutive shares		134,829,685		125,324,330

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Other Accrued Expenses

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Other Accrued Expenses

4. Other Accrued Expenses

The following table summarizes the other accrued expenses at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

Schedule of Other Accrued Expenses

	June 30,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Accrued payroll and taxes	$	1,037,118	$	719,460
Accrued vacation		109,706		92,985
Accrued directors’ fees		2,054,339		2,330,589
Accrued other expenses		187,262		97,402
Total other accrued expenses	$	3,388,425	$	3,240,436

Convertible Notes Payable

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Convertible Notes Payable

5. Convertible Notes Payable

The following summarizes convertible notes payable activity during the six months ended June 30, 2024:

2021 Financing

Schedule of Convertible Notes Payable

	Non-Related Party		Related Party
	Face Amount		Face Amount			Total
Balance as of January 1, 2024	$	-	$	200,000		$	200,000
Repayment		-		(100,000	)		(100,000	)
Balance as of June 30, 2024	$	-	$	100,000		$	100,000

2022 Financing

	Non-Related Party		Related Party
	Face Amount		Face Amount			Total
Balance as of January 1, 2024	$	800,000	$	1,675,000		$	2,475,000
Issued		353,000		1,285,000			1,638,000
Conversion		-		(1,325,000	)		(1,325,000	)
Balance as of June 30, 2024	$	1,153,000	$	1,635,000		$	2,788,000
Balance	$	1,153,000	$	1,635,000		$	2,788,000

For further details on the terms of the 2021 and 2022 Notes, refer to our Form 10-K as filed with the SEC on March 28, 2024.

2024 Repayment of 2021 Notes

2024 Conversions of 2022 Notes into Preferred Stock

Notes Payable

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Notes Payable

6. Notes Payable

Related Party Transactions

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Related Party Transactions

7. Related Party Transactions

See Note 5 for details of other related party transactions.

Stockholders’ Deficit

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders’ Deficit

8. Stockholders’ Deficit

Preferred Stock

Number of Preferred Shares

2024 Equity Compensation Plan

Options

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not have any issuances, grants, or exercises of options.

The following table summarizes option activities during the six months ended June 30, 2024:

Schedule of Option Activity

			Weighted Average		Weighted Average Remaining		Aggregate Intrinsic
	Shares		Exercise Price		Life in Years		Value
Outstanding and exercisable at January 1, 2024		3,225,000	$	0.27			$	-
Expired		-		-
Outstanding and exercisable at June 30, 2024		3,225,000	$	0.27		1.40	$	-

The following table summarizes information about options outstanding and exercisable at June 30, 2024:

Summary of Stock Options Outstanding

Exercise Price		Outstanding and Exercisable		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life		Intrinsic Value

$	0.12		2,425,000		1.40	$	14,550
$	0.29		100,000		1.40	$	-
$	0.75		550,000		1.50	$	-
$	0.88		150,000		0.10	$	-

			3,225,000		1.40	$	14,550

Warrants

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not have any issuances, grants, or exercises of warrants.

The following table summarizes warrant activities during the six months ended June 30, 2024:

Schedule of Warrant Activity

	Number of			Weighted Average		Weighted Average Remaining		Aggregate Intrinsic
	Warrants			Exercise Price		Life in Years		Value

Outstanding and exercisable at January 1, 2024		412,500		$	1.07
Expired		(412,500	)		1.07
Outstanding and exercisable at June 30, 2024		-		$	-		-	$	-

Annual Stockholder Meeting Proposals

Leases

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Leases

Leases

9. Leases

A summary of the Company’s right-of-use assets and liabilities is as follows:

	For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,
	2024			2023

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows used in operating leases	$	23,402		$	21,597

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	-		$	-

Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases		1 year			2 years

Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases		5.0	%		5.0	%

Future minimum payments under the Company’s non-cancellable lease obligations as of June 30, 2024 were as follows:

Future Minimum Payments

Years	Amount
2024	$	25,669
2025		25,669
Total lease payments		51,338
Less: amount representing imputed interest		(1,363	)
Present value of lease liability		49,975
Less: current portion		(49,975	)
Lease liability, non-current portion	$	-

Grants

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Grants

Grants

10. Grants

License Transactions

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

License Transactions

License Transactions

11. License Transactions

Commitments, Contingencies and Litigation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments, Contingencies and Litigation

12. Commitments, Contingencies and Litigation

Subsequent Events

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

13. Subsequent Events

2024 Financing

	(i)	The 2024 Loan will bear interest at the rate of eight percent (8%) per annum on the outstanding principal amount of the Loan that has been funded to the Company;

	(ii)	In the event there is a change of control of the Board, the term of the 2024 Notes will be accelerated and all amounts due under the 2024 Notes may be immediately due and payable at the 2024 Loan Investors’ option;

	(iii)	The outstanding principal amount and interest payable under the 2024 Loan may be convertible at the 2024 Loan Investors’ option into shares of Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock at a price per share equal to $2.8620. The Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible into ten (10) shares of common stock; and

	(iv)	The outstanding principal amount and interest payable under the 2024 Loan will be automatically convertible into shares of the Company’s Series D-1 Preferred Stock twelve (12) months after the issue date of a 2024 Note at a price per share equal to $2.8620.

For further details on the terms of the 2024 Financing and the details of the 2024 Notes, refer to our Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on July 17, 2024.

Convertible Notes Payable

Subsequent to June 30, 2024, the Company entered into 2024 Notes with a related party investor (Executive Officer) in the aggregate principal amount of $215,000.

Series D-1 Preferred Stock

Subsequent to June 30, 2024, a holder of 38,474 shares of Series D-1 Preferred Stock voluntarily converted the Preferred Stock into 384,740 shares of Common Stock.

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Principles of Consolidation

Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash consists of a grant award received from the State of Tennessee. Restricted cash available as of June 30, 2024 is $559,702. See Note 10, Grants.

Cash Concentrations

Basic and Diluted Loss Per Common Share


	June 30,
	2024		2023
Warrants		-		475,000
Options		3,225,000		3,425,000
Convertible preferred stock		120,985,865		111,915,797
2021 unsecured convertible notes		505,746		2,022,750
2022 unsecured convertible notes		10,113,074		7,485,783

Total potentially dilutive shares		134,829,685		125,324,330

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Securities Excluded from Calculation of Weighted Average Dilutive Common Shares


	June 30,
	2024		2023
Warrants		-		475,000
Options		3,225,000		3,425,000
Convertible preferred stock		120,985,865		111,915,797
2021 unsecured convertible notes		505,746		2,022,750
2022 unsecured convertible notes		10,113,074		7,485,783

Total potentially dilutive shares		134,829,685		125,324,330

Other Accrued Expenses (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of Other Accrued Expenses

The following table summarizes the other accrued expenses at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

Schedule of Other Accrued Expenses

	June 30,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Accrued payroll and taxes	$	1,037,118	$	719,460
Accrued vacation		109,706		92,985
Accrued directors’ fees		2,054,339		2,330,589
Accrued other expenses		187,262		97,402
Total other accrued expenses	$	3,388,425	$	3,240,436

Convertible Notes Payable (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Convertible Notes Payable

	Non-Related Party		Related Party
	Face Amount		Face Amount			Total
Balance as of January 1, 2024	$	-	$	200,000		$	200,000
Repayment		-		(100,000	)		(100,000	)
Balance as of June 30, 2024	$	-	$	100,000		$	100,000

2022 Financing

	Non-Related Party		Related Party
	Face Amount		Face Amount			Total
Balance as of January 1, 2024	$	800,000	$	1,675,000		$	2,475,000
Issued		353,000		1,285,000			1,638,000
Conversion		-		(1,325,000	)		(1,325,000	)
Balance as of June 30, 2024	$	1,153,000	$	1,635,000		$	2,788,000
Balance	$	1,153,000	$	1,635,000		$	2,788,000

Stockholders’ Deficit (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Option Activity

The following table summarizes option activities during the six months ended June 30, 2024:

Schedule of Option Activity

			Weighted Average		Weighted Average Remaining		Aggregate Intrinsic
	Shares		Exercise Price		Life in Years		Value
Outstanding and exercisable at January 1, 2024		3,225,000	$	0.27			$	-
Expired		-		-
Outstanding and exercisable at June 30, 2024		3,225,000	$	0.27		1.40	$	-

Summary of Stock Options Outstanding

The following table summarizes information about options outstanding and exercisable at June 30, 2024:

Summary of Stock Options Outstanding

Exercise Price		Outstanding and Exercisable		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life		Intrinsic Value

$	0.12		2,425,000		1.40	$	14,550
$	0.29		100,000		1.40	$	-
$	0.75		550,000		1.50	$	-
$	0.88		150,000		0.10	$	-

			3,225,000		1.40	$	14,550

Schedule of Warrant Activity

The following table summarizes warrant activities during the six months ended June 30, 2024:

Schedule of Warrant Activity

	Number of			Weighted Average		Weighted Average Remaining		Aggregate Intrinsic
	Warrants			Exercise Price		Life in Years		Value

Outstanding and exercisable at January 1, 2024		412,500		$	1.07
Expired		(412,500	)		1.07
Outstanding and exercisable at June 30, 2024		-		$	-		-	$	-

Leases (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Leases

Schedule of Right-of-use Assets and Liabilities

A summary of the Company’s right-of-use assets and liabilities is as follows:

	For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,
	2024			2023

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows used in operating leases	$	23,402		$	21,597

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	-		$	-

Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases		1 year			2 years

Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases		5.0	%		5.0	%

Schedule of Future Minimum Payments Under Non-cancellable Lease

Future minimum payments under the Company’s non-cancellable lease obligations as of June 30, 2024 were as follows:

Future Minimum Payments

Years	Amount
2024	$	25,669
2025		25,669
Total lease payments		51,338
Less: amount representing imputed interest		(1,363	)
Present value of lease liability		49,975
Less: current portion		(49,975	)
Lease liability, non-current portion	$	-

Liquidity and Going Concern (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Cash and restricted cash	$ 589,283				$ 589,283
Restricted cash	559,702		$ 1,183,149		559,702	$ 1,183,149
Working capital deficiency	7,569,256				7,569,256		$ 7,652,098
Net loss	$ (846,848)	$ (504,042)	$ (835,062)	$ (827,454)	(1,350,890)	(1,662,516)
Net cash used in operations					$ 1,807,080	$ 1,241,893

Schedule of Securities Excluded from Calculation of Weighted Average Dilutive Common Shares (Details) - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total potentially dilutive shares	134,829,685	125,324,330
Warrant [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total potentially dilutive shares		475,000
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total potentially dilutive shares	3,225,000	3,425,000
Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total potentially dilutive shares	120,985,865	111,915,797
2021 Unsecured Convertible Notes [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total potentially dilutive shares	505,746	2,022,750
2022 Unsecured Convertible Notes [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total potentially dilutive shares	10,113,074	7,485,783

Significant Accounting Policies (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Restricted cash	$ 559,702	$ 950,223
Insured limits	250,000
Cash in excess FDIC insured amount	$ 339,283	$ 776,799

Schedule of Other Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accrued payroll and taxes	$ 1,037,118	$ 719,460
Accrued vacation	109,706	92,985
Accrued directors’ fees	2,054,339	2,330,589
Accrued other expenses	187,262	97,402
Total other accrued expenses	$ 3,388,425	$ 3,240,436

Schedule of Convertible Notes Payable (Details)	6 Months Ended
Schedule of Convertible Notes Payable (Details)	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($)
2021 Convertible Notes Payable [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Balance as of January 1, 2024	$ 200,000
Repayment	(100,000)
Balance	100,000
2021 Convertible Notes Payable [Member] \| Nonrelated Party [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Balance as of January 1, 2024
Repayment
Balance
2021 Convertible Notes Payable [Member] \| Related Party [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Balance as of January 1, 2024	200,000
Repayment	(100,000)
Balance	100,000
2022 Convertible Notes Payable [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Balance as of January 1, 2024	2,475,000
Balance	2,788,000
Issued	1,638,000
Conversion	(1,325,000)
2022 Convertible Notes Payable [Member] \| Nonrelated Party [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Balance as of January 1, 2024	800,000
Balance	1,153,000
Issued	353,000
Conversion
2022 Convertible Notes Payable [Member] \| Related Party [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Balance as of January 1, 2024	1,675,000
Balance	1,635,000
Issued	1,285,000
Conversion	$ (1,325,000)

Convertible Notes Payable (Details Narrative)	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
Convertible Notes Payable (Details Narrative)	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares
2022 Convertible Notes Payable [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Proceeds from notes		$ 4,865,500
2022 Convertible Notes Payable [Member] \| Related Party [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Proceeds from notes		3,637,500
2024 Repayments of 2021 Notes [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Repaid Principal		100,000
Principal		100,000
Interest		44,744
2024 Conversions of 2022 Notes [Member] \| Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Short-Term Debt [Line Items]
Aggregate amount	$ 783,296	$ 1,431,457
Number of shares \| shares	273,691	500,165
Conversion price per share \| $ / shares	$ 2.862	$ 2.862

Notes Payable (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Note payable	$ 109,862	$ 277,815

Related Party Transactions (Details Narrative) - USD ($)			3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 27, 2024	Mar. 26, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Director fees			$ 77,500	$ 96,250	$ 173,750	$ 192,500
Accrued director fees			2,054,339		2,054,339		$ 2,330,589
Mr. Bruce Horowitz [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Consulting fees			$ 0	$ 63,600	$ 63,600	$ 127,200
Mr Horowitz [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Consulting fees paid	$ 258,000	$ 250,000
Waived director fees	$ 469,000

Schedule of Option Activity (Details)	6 Months Ended
Schedule of Option Activity (Details)	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Equity [Abstract]
Number of options outstanding and exercisable, beginning balace \| shares	3,225,000
Weighted average exercise price outstanding and exercisable, beginning balance \| $ / shares	$ 0.27
Intrinsic Value, Outstanding \| $
Stock options, expired \| shares
Weighted average exercise price, expired \| $ / shares
Number of options outstanding and exercisable, ending balance \| shares	3,225,000
Weighted average exercise price outstanding and exercisable, ending balance \| $ / shares	$ 0.27
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life, Exercisable	1 year 4 months 24 days
Intrinsic Value, Outstanding \| $

Summary of Stock Options Outstanding (Details) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Exercise Price, Outstanding	$ 0.27	$ 0.27
Outstanding	3,225,000	3,225,000
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life, Exercisable	1 year 4 months 24 days
Intrinsic Value, Outstanding
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Outstanding	3,225,000
Exercisable	3,225,000
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life, Outstanding	1 year 4 months 24 days
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life, Exercisable	1 year 4 months 24 days
Intrinsic Value, Outstanding	$ 14,550
Intrinsic Value, Exercisable	$ 14,550
Range One [Member] \| Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Exercise Price, Outstanding	$ 0.12
Exercise Price, Exercisable	$ 0.12
Outstanding	2,425,000
Exercisable	2,425,000
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life, Outstanding	1 year 4 months 24 days
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life, Exercisable	1 year 4 months 24 days
Intrinsic Value, Outstanding	$ 14,550
Intrinsic Value, Exercisable	$ 14,550
Range Two [Member] \| Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Exercise Price, Outstanding	$ 0.29
Exercise Price, Exercisable	$ 0.29
Outstanding	100,000
Exercisable	100,000
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life, Outstanding	1 year 4 months 24 days
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life, Exercisable	1 year 4 months 24 days
Intrinsic Value, Outstanding
Intrinsic Value, Exercisable
Range Three [Member] \| Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Exercise Price, Outstanding	$ 0.75
Exercise Price, Exercisable	$ 0.75
Outstanding	550,000
Exercisable	550,000
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life, Outstanding	1 year 6 months
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life, Exercisable	1 year 6 months
Intrinsic Value, Exercisable
Range Four [Member] \| Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Exercise Price, Outstanding	$ 0.88
Exercise Price, Exercisable	$ 0.88
Outstanding	150,000
Exercisable	150,000
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life, Outstanding	1 month 6 days
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life, Exercisable	1 month 6 days
Intrinsic Value, Outstanding
Intrinsic Value, Exercisable

Schedule of Warrant Activity (Details)	6 Months Ended
Schedule of Warrant Activity (Details)	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Equity [Abstract]
Warrants outstanding and exercisable, beginning balance \| shares	412,500
Weighted average exercise price outstanding and exercisable, beginning balance \| $ / shares	$ 1.07
Warrants, forfeited \| shares	(412,500)
Weighted average exercise price, forfeited \| $ / shares	$ 1.07
Warrants outstanding and exercisable, ending balance \| shares
Weighted average exercise price outstanding and exercisable, ending balance \| $ / shares
Aggregate intrinsic value \| $

Stockholders’ Deficit (Details Narrative) - USD ($)			3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
Stockholders’ Deficit (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Jun. 21, 2024	Jun. 20, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized			25,000,000				25,000,000	25,000,000
2024 Equity Compensation Plan [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares Issued, Shares, Share-Based Payment Arrangement, after Forfeiture		100,000,000
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Plan Modification, Description and Terms		15
Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized	23,042,900	9,441,000	23,042,900				23,042,900	11,241,000
Reverse stock split		1-for-50
Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock [Member] \| 2022 Notes [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Issuance of stock, shares			273,691				500,165
Conversion of principal			$ 725,000				$ 1,325,000
Conversion of accrued interest			$ 58,294				$ 106,457
Series D Preferred Stock [Member] \| Board of Directors Chairman [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Conersion of stock, shares	11,416,242
Series D-1 Preferred Stock [Member] \| Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Conversion of Convertible Securities	1,141,626		273,691	226,474	188,757	18,872
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized	957,100	12,374,000	957,100				957,100	12,374,000
Reverse stock split		1-for-10

Schedule of Right-of-use Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Leases
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flows used in operating leases	$ 23,402	$ 21,597
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations: Operating leases
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term: Operating leases	1 year	2 years
Weighted Average Discount Rate: Operating leases	5.00%	5.00%

Schedule of Future Minimum Payments Under Non-cancellable Lease (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases
2024	$ 25,669
2025	25,669
Total lease payments	51,338
Less: amount representing imputed interest	(1,363)
Present value of lease liability	49,975
Less: current portion	(49,975)	$ (48,077)
Lease liability, non-current portion		$ 25,299

Leases (Details Narrative)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
Leases (Details Narrative)	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 18, 2022 ft²
Research and Development Expense [Member]
Operating lease, expense	$ 8,668	$ 8,448	$ 17,229	$ 17,453
General and Administrative Expense [Member]
Operating lease, expense	4,334	4,224	8,615	8,726
Property Subject to Operating Lease [Member]
Operating lease, expense	$ 13,002	$ 12,672	25,844	$ 26,179
Knoxville, Tennessee [Member]
Area of land \| ft²					2,700
Lessee, operating lease, term of contract					3 years
Knoxville, Tennessee [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Rent expenses per month			4,053
Knoxville, Tennessee [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Rent expenses per month			$ 4,278

Grants (Details Narrative) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
Grants (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Oct. 25, 2021	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Grants
Proceeds from grant	$ 2,500,000
Deferred revenue current		$ 460,185		$ 460,185		$ 953,248
Revenue		$ 254,991	$ 161,842	$ 493,063	$ 366,867

License Transactions (Details Narrative)	6 Months Ended
License Transactions (Details Narrative)	Jun. 30, 2024
License Transactions
License transaction description	The Company completed the arrangements of this collaboration during the third quarter of 2022, whereby the Company paid $5,000 for the option that expires on May 31, 2023; agreed to pay up to $10,000 of new UM patent expenses for this IP during the period of the option and up to $25,000 of past UM patent expenses for this IP; and entered into a sponsored research agreement with UM on September 16, 2022 to study the combination of OBC’s PDAT and TOP PV-305, a formulation of the Company’s pharmaceutical-grade RBS, for the treatment of infectious keratitis.

Subsequent Events (Details Narrative) - Subsequent Event [Member] - USD ($)	Jul. 18, 2024	Jul. 01, 2024	Jul. 11, 2024
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Principal amount		$ 215,000
Common Stock [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of stock converted		384,740
Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of stock converted		38,474
2024 Convertible Notes Payable [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Maximum financing amount			$ 10,000,000
Loan interest rate	8.00%
2024 Convertible Notes Payable [Member] \| Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Convertible shares	10
2024 Convertible Notes Payable [Member] \| Investors [Member] \| Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Share price per share	$ 2.8620
Conversion price	$ 2.8620
2022 Note [Member] \| Series D-1 Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Conversion price		$ 2.862
Conversion of principal and interest		$ 972,600
Number of stock converted		339,833

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