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x			ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

o			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg			98-1632942
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
12E rue Guillaume Kroll, L-1882 Luxembourg Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 352 2668 62-1
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Ordinary Shares, nominal value $1.00 per share

PRM

New York Stock Exchange

Warrants for Ordinary Shares

PRMFF

OTC Markets Group Inc.

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No x

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No x

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o

Large accelerated filer

x

Accelerated filer

o

Non-accelerated filer

o

Smaller reporting company

o

Emerging growth company

o

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. o

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to § 240.10D-1(b). o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x

						Page
PART I
Item 1.			Business			8
Item 1A.			Risk Factors			18
Item 1B.			Unresolved Staff Comments			42
Item 2.			Properties			43
Item 3.			Legal Proceedings			43
Item 4.			Mine Safety Disclosures			43
PART II
Item 5.			Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities			25
Item 6.			Reserved			45
Item 7.			Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			46
Item 7A.			Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk			62
Item 8.			Financial Statements and Supplementary Data			63
Item 9.			Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure			128
Item 9A.			Controls and Procedures			129
Item 9B.			Other Information			130
Item 9C.			Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections			130
PART III
Item 10.			Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance			131
Item 11.			Executive Compensation			131
Item 12.			Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters			131
Item 13.			Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence			131
Item 14.			Principal Accounting Fees and Services			131
PART IV						132
Item 15.			Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules			132
Item 16			Form 10-K Summary			132

In connection with preparing the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022 (this “Annual Report”) we determined that:

•the technical requirements under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 718, “Compensation—Stock Compensation” for establishing a grant date on the date when performance-based non-qualified stock options ("PBNQSO") were awarded to employees and non-employees were not met since a mutual understanding of the terms and conditions did not exist as our compensation committee has the ability to adjust, at its discretion, how the annual operational performance per diluted share (“AOP”) against the performance target will be measured. Consequently, the service inception date of these PBNQSO precedes the grant date and we should have recognized compensation expense beginning on the service inception date and remeasured the fair value of the PBNQSO at the end of each reporting period until a grant date is established. Under the previously applied accounting treatment, we recorded compensation costs based on the grant date fair value calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model (the “Stock Options Error”); and

•the amortization of the step-up in basis of inventory, which is a non-cash adjustment to inventory cost established at the time of Business Combination (as defined below) was understated during the period from November 9, 2021 through December 31, 2021 (the “Inventory Amortization Error”).

Management evaluated the effect of the Stock Options Error and the Inventory Amortization Error on our previously issued consolidated financial statements under ASC 250, “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections”, Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 99, “Materiality”, and Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108, “Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements” and concluded that:

•the Stock Options Error and the Inventory Amortization Error were material to the previously issued unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the quarterly and year-to-date periods ended September 30, 2022 (“September 2022 Quarter”) and June 30, 2022 (“June 2022 Quarter”), and, as a result, such unaudited financial statements should be restated;

•Stock Options Error and the Inventory Amortization Error were immaterial to the previously issued unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 (“March 2022 Quarter”), and, as a result, such unaudited financial statements should be revised.

•Inventory Amortization Error was immaterial to the previously issued audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2021 and for the period from November 9, 2021 through December 2021 (“December 2021 Period”), and, as a result, such financial statements should be revised.

This Annual Report includes (1) unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the September 2022 Quarter and the June 2022 Quarter with modifications as necessary to reflect the restatement, (2) unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the March 2022 Quarter with modifications as necessary to reflect revisions for correcting immaterial errors and (3) consolidated financial statements for the December 2021 Period with modifications as necessary to reflect revisions for correcting an immaterial error to the following items: Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors, Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data and Part II, Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

We do not plan to amend previously issued September 2022 Quarter and June 2022 Quarter quarterly reports in connection with the restatement. Accordingly, investors should no longer rely upon our previously released financial statements and any earnings releases or other financial communications relating to this period. The condensed consolidated financial statements that have been previously filed or otherwise reported for this period are superseded by the information in this Annual Report. Unless otherwise stated, all financial and accounting information contained in this Annual Report has been revised to reflect the corrected presentation.

In connection with the restatement, management has assessed the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Based on this assessment, management identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, resulting in the conclusion by our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer that our internal control over financial reporting and our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2022. Management is taking steps to remediate the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, as described in Part II, Item 9A, “Controls and Procedures.”

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties and reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, future events and our financial performance. When used in this report, the words “believe,” “may,” “could,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect,” “indicate,” “seek,” “should,” “would,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, though not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, and are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry, management’s beliefs and certain assumptions made by management, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond our control. Accordingly, we caution you that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, assumptions, estimates and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements about the following matters:

•our expectations regarding the impact of the novel strain of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19 (“COVID-19”) pandemic on our business;

•our expectations regarding the impact of the conflict in Ukraine on our business;

•future financial performance, including any growth or expansion plans and opportunities;

•our ability to expand our fire safety business;

•our beliefs regarding certain growth drivers in our fire safety business;

•our ability to grow long-term value through, among other things, the continuing performance improvement of our existing operations, execution of a disciplined capital allocation and management of our capital structure;

•our expectations regarding future capital expenditures;

•cash flow projections;

•our ability to maintain a leadership position in any market;

•expectations concerning sources of revenue;

•expectations about demand for fire retardant products, equipment and services;

•the size of the markets we compete in and potential opportunities in such markets or new markets;

•expectations concerning certain of our products’ ability to protect life and property as population settlement locations change;

•expectations concerning the markets in which we will operate in the coming years, overall economic conditions and disruptive weather events;

•expectations concerning repurchases of our Ordinary Shares (as defined below) under the Share Repurchase Plan (as defined below);

•our beliefs regarding the sufficiency of our current sources of liquidity to fund our future liquidity requirements, our expectations regarding the types of future liquidity requirements and our expectations regarding the availability of future sources of liquidity;

•our expectations and beliefs regarding accounting and tax matters; and

•the expected outcome of litigation matters and the effect of such claims on business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date of this Annual Report, actual results may prove to be materially different from the results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to those summarized below:

•the direct and indirect adverse impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy and the related governmental regulations and restrictions;

•the impact of the conflict in Ukraine on the global economy and our business;

•negative or uncertain worldwide economic conditions;

•volatility, seasonality and cyclicality in the industries in which we operate;

•our ability to realize the strategic and financial benefits of the Business Combination (as defined below);

•our substantial dependence on sales to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (“USDA”) Forest Service and the state of California and the risk of decreased sales to these customers;

•changes in the regulation of the petrochemical industry, a downturn in the lubricant additives and/or fire retardant end markets or our failure to accurately predict the frequency, duration, timing, and severity of changes in demand in such markets;

•changes in customer relations or service levels;

•a small number of our customers represent a significant portion of our revenue;

•failure to continuously innovate and to provide products that gain market acceptance, which may cause us to be unable to attract new customers or retain existing customers;

•improper conduct of, or use of our products, by employees, agents, government contractors or collaborators;

•changes in the availability of products from our suppliers on a long-term basis;

•production interruptions or shutdowns, which could increase our operating or capital expenditures or negatively impact the supply of our products resulting in reduced sales;

•changes in the availability of third-party logistics suppliers for distribution, storage and transportation;

•increases in supply and raw material costs, supply shortages, long lead times for components or supply changes;

•adverse effects on the demand for our products or services due to the seasonal or cyclical nature of our business or severe weather events;

•introduction of new products, which are considered preferable, which could cause demand for some of our products to be reduced or eliminated;

•current ongoing and future litigation, including multi-district litigation and other legal proceedings;

•heightened liability and reputational risks due to certain of our products being provided to emergency services personnel and their use to protect lives and property;

•future products liabilities claims where indemnity and insurance coverage could be inadequate or unavailable to cover these claims due to the fact that some of the products we produce may cause adverse health consequences;

•compliance with export control or economic sanctions laws and regulations;

•environmental impacts and side effects of our products, which could have adverse consequences for our business;

•compliance with environmental laws and regulations;

•our ability to protect our intellectual property rights and know-how;

•our ability to generate the funds required to service our debt and finance our operations;

•fluctuations in foreign currency exchange;

•potential impairments or write-offs of certain assets;

•the adequacy of our insurance coverage; and

•challenges to our decisions and assumptions in assessing and complying with our tax obligations.

For additional information regarding known material factors that could cause our actual results to differ from our projected results, please read (1) Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report; (2) our reports and registration statements filed from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), and (3) other public announcements we make from time to time. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available in the future.

Our business is subject to varying degrees of risk and uncertainty. Below is a summary of the principal risk factors that may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. This summary does not address all of the risks that we face. Investors should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties summarized below along with additional discussion of such summarized risks under the heading “Risk Factors” herein, together with other information in this Annual Report and our other filings with the SEC.

•a small number of our customers represent a significant portion of our revenue;

•as a supplier and service provider to the U.S. government and many foreign governments, states, and municipalities, we are subject to certain heightened risks;

•our profitability could be negatively impacted by price and inventory risk;

•inflation could adversely affect our business and results of operations;

•risks from the improper conduct of, or use of our products, by employees, agents, government contractors, or collaborators could adversely affect our reputation;

•risks related to purchasing products from our suppliers on a long-term basis and production interruptions or shutdowns;

•reliance on third-party logistics suppliers for distribution, storage, transportation, operating supplies and products;

•we are susceptible to supply and raw material cost increases, supply shortages, long lead times, and supply changes;

•if we fail to continuously innovate and to provide products that gain market acceptance, we may be unable to attract new customers or retain existing customers;

•the seasonal or cyclical nature of our business and severe weather events may cause demand for our products and services to be adversely affected;

•our industry and the markets in which we operate have few large competitors and increased competitive pressures;

•our competitive position could be adversely affected if we fail to protect our patents, trade secrets or other intellectual property rights, if our patents expire or if we become subject to infringement claims;

•risks inherent in our global operations;

•we may fail to realize the strategic and financial benefits currently anticipated from the Business Combination (as defined below);

•subsequent to the consummation of the Business Combination (as defined below), we may be required to take write-downs or be subject to restructuring, impairment or other charges that could have a significant negative effect on our business and financial condition as well as the price of our Ordinary Shares (as defined below), which could cause you to lose some or all of your investment;

•our substantial indebtedness may adversely affect our cash flow and our ability to operate our business;

•terms of our indebtedness may limit our ability to borrow additional funds or capitalize on business opportunities;

•we may incur substantial additional indebtedness;

•an increase in interest rates would increase the costs on our revolving credit facility and on our variable rate indebtedness;

•our business may be negatively impacted as a result of Russian actions in Ukraine.

•risks related to litigation by customers, suppliers and other third parties, including multi-district litigation and other legal proceedings;

•certain of our products are provided to emergency services personnel and are intended to protect lives and property, so we are subject to heightened liability and reputational risks;

•some of the products we produce may cause adverse health consequences and we are and may be subject in the future to product liability claims, and indemnity and insurance coverage could be inadequate or unavailable to cover these claims;

•risks related to non-compliance with export control or economic sanctions laws and regulations U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”) and similar anticorruption, anti-bribery and anti-kickback laws, environmental laws and laws and regulations related to PFAS (as defined below);

•our contracts with the federal or state governments subject us to additional oversight and risks;

•our products are subject to extensive government scrutiny and regulation, including the USDA Forest Service qualification process;

•environmental laws and regulations may subject us to significant liabilities;

•legal and regulatory claims, investigations and proceedings may be initiated against us in the ordinary course of business.

•our management has limited experience in operating a public company;

•the requirements of being a public company may strain our resources and divert management’s attention;

•we have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting which we may not successfully remediate or fail to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting;

•our results of operations may differ significantly from the unaudited pro forma financial data included in the registration statement filed in connection with the Business Combination (as defined below);

•if the Business Combination’s benefits do not meet the expectations of investors or securities analysts or a market for our securities does not continue, it would adversely affect the liquidity and price of our securities;

•if analysts do not publish data about us or change their opinion regarding our business, then the price and trading volume of our Ordinary Shares (as defined below) or Warrants (as defined below) could decline;

•there are risks for any holders of our Warrants (as defined below);

•EverArc Founders (as defined below) may have interests that are different than the interests of our shareholders;

•payment of fees in cash pursuant to the advisory agreement entered into by EverArc (as defined below) on December 12, 2019 ("Founder Advisory Agreement") with EverArc Founders, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("EverArc Founder Entity") which is owned and operated by William N. Thorndike, Jr., W. Nicholas Howley, Tracy Britt Cool, Vivek Raj and Haitham Khouri ( collectively the "EverArc Founders") could reduce cash available for investment, working capital and distribution to shareholders; it being noted that the Founder Advisory Agreement has been assigned to PSSA (as defined below) on November 9, 2021, pursuant to an assignment and assumption agreement entered into by PSSA (as defined below), EverArc (as defined below) and the EverArc Founder Entity;

•shareholders will experience dilution as a consequence of the issuance of our Ordinary Shares (as defined below) as payment for annual Founder Advisory Agreement fees;

•if we terminate the Founder Advisory Agreement under certain circumstances, we have to pay a significant termination fee.

•we are organized under the laws of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. It may be difficult for you to obtain or enforce judgments or bring original actions against PSSA (as defined below) or the members of its board of directors (the “Board”) in the U.S.;

•Luxembourg and European insolvency and bankruptcy laws are substantially different from U.S. insolvency and bankruptcy laws and may offer PSSA’s shareholders less protection than they would have under U.S. insolvency and bankruptcy laws;

•the rights of our shareholders may differ from the rights they would have as shareholders of a U.S. corporation, which could adversely impact trading in our Ordinary Shares (as defined below) and its ability to conduct equity financings.

•if we are or become a passive foreign investment company for U.S. federal income tax purposes for any taxable year, U.S. Holders of our Ordinary Shares (as defined below) or Warrants (as defined below) could be subject to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences;

•if a United States person is treated as owning at least 10% of our Ordinary Shares, such person may be subject to adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences;

•changes in tax laws, including the Inflation Reduction Act (“IRA”), may materially adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

•we may require additional capital to fund our operations;

•cybersecurity attack, acts of cyber-terrorism, failure of technology systems and other disruptions to our information technology systems may adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations;

•our insurance may not fully cover all of our risks;

•we are subject to general governmental regulation and other legal obligations, including those related to privacy, data protection and information security;

•the continuing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations;

•the loss of key personnel or our inability to attract and retain new qualified personnel could hurt our business and inhibit our ability to operate and grow successfully.

Perimeter Solutions, SA, (“PSSA”), a public company limited by shares (société anonyme) registered with the Luxembourg Trade and Companies Register (Registre de Commerce et des Sociétés, Luxembourg) under number B256.548 was incorporated on June 21, 2021 under the laws of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg for the purpose of effecting a business combination. PSSA is headquartered in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg with global operations in North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific.

On November 9, 2021 (the "Closing Date"), PSSA consummated the transactions contemplated by the business combination (the “Business Combination”) with EverArc Holdings Limited, a company limited by shares incorporated with limited liability in the British Virgin Islands and the former parent company of PSSA ("EverArc"), SK Invictus Holdings, S.à r.l., a limited liability company (société à responsabilité limitée) governed by the laws of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg ("SK Holdings"), SK Invictus Intermediate S.à r.l., a limited liability company (société à responsabilité limitée) governed by the laws of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg ("SK Intermediate"), doing business under the name Perimeter Solutions ("Perimeter" or "Perimeter Solutions") and EverArc (BVI) Merger Sub Limited, a company limited by shares incorporated with limited liability in the British Virgin Islands and a wholly-owned subsidiary of PSSA ("Merger Sub") pursuant to a business combination agreement (the “Business Combination Agreement”) dated June 15, 2021. The terms “we”, “us”, “our”, and the “Company” refer to PSSA and its consolidated subsidiaries, including Perimeter, after the closing of the Business Combination (the “Closing”).

Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement,

•On November 8, 2021:

•Merger Sub merged with and into EverArc, with EverArc surviving such merger as a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of PSSA (the “Merger”);

•pursuant to the Merger, 155,832,600 ordinary shares of EverArc (the “EverArc Ordinary Shares”) outstanding immediately prior to the Merger were exchanged for ordinary shares of PSSA (the “Ordinary Shares”); and

•34,020,000 outstanding warrants of EverArc (“EverArc Warrants”), in each case, with each whole warrant entitling the holder thereof to purchase one-fourth of one EverArc Ordinary Share at an exercise price of $12.00 per whole EverArc Ordinary Share, were converted into the right to purchase Ordinary Shares on substantially the same terms as the EverArc Warrants (the “Warrants”); and

•On November 9, 2021:

•SK Holdings (i) along with officers and certain key employees of SK Intermediate contributed a portion of their ordinary shares in SK Intermediate to PSSA in exchange for preferred shares of PSSA and (ii) sold its remaining ordinary shares in SK Intermediate to PSSA for cash; and

•the Ordinary Shares were listed and began trading on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the symbol "PRM."

On November 8, 2021, pursuant to separate subscription agreements (collectively, the “Subscription Agreements”) entered into among EverArc, SK Holdings, PSSA and a number of institutional investors, investors affiliated with SK Holdings and individual accredited investors purchased an aggregate of 115,000,000 EverArc Ordinary Shares at $10.00 per share (collectively, the “EverArc Subscribers”) that were converted into Ordinary Shares pursuant to the Merger. In addition, on November 9, 2021, (1) members of management of SK Intermediate (collectively, the “Management Subscribers” and together with the EverArc Subscribers, the “PIPE Subscribers”) were granted an aggregate of 1,104,810 Ordinary Shares at $10.00 per share as consideration and (2) two of our directors (the “Director Subscribers”) purchased an aggregate of 200,000 Ordinary Shares (the “Director Shares”) at $10.00 per share.

The cash consideration for the Business Combination was funded through cash on hand, proceeds from the sale of the EverArc Ordinary Shares to the EverArc Subscribers, proceeds from the issuance of $675.0 million principal amount of 5.00% senior secured notes due 2029 (the “Senior Notes”) and $40.0 million in borrowings under our revolving credit facility.

In connection with the Business Combination, the Merger was accounted for as a common control transaction, where substantially all of the net assets of PSSA were those previously held by EverArc. Upon the acquisition of SK Intermediate, PSSA was determined to be the legal and accounting acquirer (the “Successor”) and SK Intermediate was deemed to be the accounting predecessor (the “Predecessor”). The business combination with SK Intermediate was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and the Successor financial statements reflect a new basis of accounting based on the fair value of the net assets acquired. As a result of the application of the acquisition method of accounting, our consolidated financial statements and certain presentations are separated into two distinct periods to indicate the different ownership and accounting basis between the periods presented.

We are a global solutions provider for the fire safety and specialty products industries. Our fire safety business is a formulator and manufacturer of fire management products that help our customers combat various types of fires, including wildland, structural, flammable liquids and other types of fires. Our fire safety business also offers specialized equipment and services, typically in conjunction with our fire management products to support firefighting operations. Our service network can meet the emergency resupply needs of over 150 air tanker bases in North America, as well as many other customer locations globally. Our specialty products (formerly oil additives) business produces and sells high quality Phosphorus Pentasulfide ("P2S5") primarily used in the preparation of lubricant additives, including a family of compounds called Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphates (“ZDDP”) that provide critical anti-wear protection to engine components. We conduct our operations globally, with approximately 74% of our annual revenues derived in the United States, approximately 15% in Europe, approximately 5% in Canada and approximately 2% in Mexico, with and the remaining approximately 4% spread across various other countries.

Our business is organized and managed in two reporting segments: Fire Safety and Specialty Products (formerly Oil Additives).

The Fire Safety segment provides fire retardants and firefighting foams, as well as specialized equipment and services typically offered in conjunction with our retardant and foam products.

Fire Retardants

Our fire retardants help slow, stop and prevent wildfires by chemically altering fuels (e.g., vegetation) and rendering them non-flammable. Fire retardant is typically applied ahead of an active wildland fire to stop or slow its spread, in order to allow ground-based firefighters to safely extinguish the fire. Retardants can be applied aerially via fixed or rotor wing aircraft, or by ground using standard fire engines or our dedicated ground-applied retardant units. All of our products have a high level of retardant effectiveness, and differences in visibility, viscosity, adherence to vegetation, and persistence through weathering.

Our fire retardant customers are typically government agencies with responsibility for protecting both government and private land, although we also serve commercial customers. We supply federal, state, provincial, local/municipal, and commercial customers around the world, including in the United States, Canada, France, Spain, Italy, Chile, Australia and Israel. We are a supplier of USDA Forest Service qualified fire retardant – a standard that many countries have adopted for ensuring fire retardant is effective, safe and environmentally friendly.

While fire retardant is primarily used to stop or slow the spread of active wildland fires, our fire retardant is also increasingly utilized in a preventative capacity. We are expanding our offerings to several high hazard industries. Wildfires ignited by utilities have turned into some of the most devastating wildfires in U.S. history, many of which have occurred in recent years. Western U.S. states in particular are becoming increasingly diligent in wildfire prevention efforts and increasing their investments to prevent wildfire risk.

We are focused on being an innovation leader in fire retardant, driving continuous improvements in product performance to offer increasing value for our customers. We have made significant enhancements in safety, environmental stewardship and effectiveness, as well as advancements in visibility and aerial drop performance. Working in partnership with the USDA Forest Service wildland fire chemicals group to characterize and develop new products, we consistently release new standard-setting products, including the Phos-Chek® “Fx” family of ultra-high visibility fugitive-colored products, Phos-Chek LCE20-Fx next generation liquid concentrate, which combines high performance with improved

environmental performance, and Phos-Chek Fortify® durable retardant, which can offer long-term protection until a significant rainfall event.

Firefighting Foams

We offer a comprehensive and effective line of firefighting foam, including Class A, Class B, Class A/B, and training foams.

Class A foam is primarily used to combat structural fires. Class A foam is specially formulated to make water more effective for structural fire suppression. The surfactants in Class A foam significantly reduce water’s surface tension, and, when mixed with air, create a foam blanket that surrounds fuels. The foam blanket creates a barrier between the fuel and the fire, knocking down the fire faster than water alone, and allowing fire fighters to see the areas of application. Utilizing Class A foam reduces the amount of water needed to extinguish the fire, reduces water damage, and increases firefighter safety through quicker knockdown and reduced mop-up/overhaul requirements. Perimeter’s Class A foam products are used by wildland firefighters to suppress wildland fires and are typically applied from various fixed wing air tankers, helicopters equipped with fixed tanks or buckets, standard fire engines or rapid attack brush trucks, or 5-gallon backpacks. In addition to wildfire suppression, Class A foam products are used by municipal and rural fire departments as a water enhancer to combat structural and other fires.

Class B foam is primarily used to combat flammable and combustible liquids. Fires caused by flammable and combustible liquids require foams designed for rapid extinguishment and a secure foam blanket to prevent reignition. The foam blanket must have good burn back resistance and strong integrity to minimize the spread of the fire from areas where the blanket has been compromised, for example by falling debris or the dragging of a fire hose or other equipment through the foam blanket. Our Class B foam products are primarily used by industrial customers with significant amounts of flammable and combustible liquids on-site, including petrochemical facilities, airports and other aviation and aerospace facilities, various military and defense facilities, and other industrial and commercial facilities.

Class A/B foam is a foam listed to fight both Class A (structural) fires and Class B (flammable liquid) fires. Our Class A/B foam products are primarily used by municipal fire departments. Training foam has similar characteristics to Class A and B foams but does not include active ingredients and has a shorter drain time so successive tests can be run without waiting for the foam to disappear. Training foam is used for training and exhibition purposes as well as in the evaluation of foam equipment.

We believe that we are an innovation leader in foams. Our Class B foams either use only C6 fluorosurfactant or are fluorine free. We offer several ground-breaking fluorine free firefighting foam formulations to aid the industry transition to reduce or eliminate the use of firefighting foams that contain Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (“PFAS”) in favor of fluorine-free foams. Our products are “ahead of the curve” on many fronts – including fire control performance, reduced viscosity, drainage time and higher stability.

Custom Equipment and Services

We offer a broad range of equipment and services to support live firefighting operations within our retardant and foam business lines. Our equipment and services are typically purchased and utilized in conjunction with our retardant or foam products and are often priced in a single bundle along with these products.

Custom equipment includes specialized air base retardant storage, mixing, and delivery equipment; mobile retardant bases; retardant ground application units; and mobile foam equipment. We also have the capability to design and manufacture highly custom equipment that operates at very high throughput and reliability levels, including equipment used to support emergency air tanker base and ground crew operations, as well as custom fire suppressant systems for stationary or portable operations typically used at industrial locations or for supporting municipality firefighting capabilities.

Custom services include design, construction, and installation of specialized air base retardant equipment, management and staffing of air base retardant operations, and management of air base supply and replenishment services. We have a broad service capability footprint, with full-service operations in over 50 United States and Canadian air bases, and equipment at over 100 bases globally.

In June 2022, the Oil Additives segment, which produces and sells P2S5, was renamed the Specialty Products segment to better reflect the current and expanding applications for P2S5 in several end markets and applications, including lubricant additives, various agricultural applications, various mining applications, and emerging electric battery technologies. Within the lubricant additive end market, currently the Company’s largest end market application, P2S5 is primarily used in the production of a family of compounds called ZDDP, which is considered an essential component in the formulation of engine oils with its main function to provide anti-wear protection to engine components. In addition, ZDDP inhibits oxidation of engine oil by scavenging free radicals that initiate oil breakdown and sludge formation, resulting in better and longer engine function. P2S5 is also used in pesticide and mining chemicals applications. We offer several grades of P2S5 with varying degrees of phosphorus content, particle size, distribution, and reactivity to global customers. The P2S5 production process requires a high degree of technical expertise given the reactivity and need for safe transportation and handling. We are committed to being a technology and safety leader, with strong product stewardship and a strong safety track-record. We also conduct regular customer visits and provide extensive technical training to ensure customers are committed to operating safely.

We are focused on being an innovation leader in the specialty products market. Most recently, we engineered and patented superior storage and handling equipment to safely and efficiently handle and transport P2S5 with lower cost and maintenance requirements.

There are several key market drivers for our business in the Fire Safety and Specialty Products segments.

The USDA Forest Service data of the last 39 years shows that the acreage burned in the United States has increased over time. While there is variability in the acreage burned in any given year, the five-year trailing average of acres burned in the United States has increased from a five-year trailing average of 3.3 million acres burned in 1997, to a five-year trailing average of 7.6 million acres burned in 2022. The year 2020 was the most intense fire year recorded in U.S. history with over 10 million acres burned. The U.S. fire season is also lengthening on a consistent basis – according to a 2016 report published by Climate Central, the U.S. fire season is on average 105 days longer than it was in 1970. Climate Central also reported that the average number of large fires (larger than 1,000 acres) burning each year had tripled between the period of 1970s to 2010s, and the acres burned by such fires showed a six-fold increase in the 2010s compared to the 1970s. If acreage burned continues to increase and the fire season continues to lengthen, we expect the demand and usage of fire retardant to increase.

Urban development is pushing farther out of cities and into the wilderness for both primary and secondary residences. For example, according to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (“PNAS”), the Wildland-Urban Interface (“WUI”), an area where houses and wildland vegetation meet and intermingle, grew rapidly from 1990 to 2010 in terms of both number of new houses and land area, such that it was the fastest-growing land use type in the conterminous United States, with 97% of that growth the result of new housing. As of 2018, the WUI now includes one-third of all homes in the United States although it occupies less than one-tenth of the land area in the U.S. According to PNAS, when homes are built in the WUI, there will be more wildfires due to human ignitions, and wildfires that occur will pose a greater risk to lives and homes, they will be hard to fight, and letting natural fires burn becomes impossible. As the WUI expands and the number of homes at risk from wildland fires increases, we expect the use of retardant to protect property and life from threatening wildfires to increase.

The size and capacity of the firefighting aircraft fleet is a key driver of the amount of fire retardant consumed annually, as demand for retardant typically outpaces available aircraft capacity, as evidenced by data regarding unable to fill aerial firefighting requests published by the National Interagency Fire Center. Since 2010, U.S. aircraft capacity increased significantly and is expected to further increase. Increasing air tanker capacity and modernization is a global trend, with more, larger, and more sophisticated tankers are being used in various parts of the world.

We believe that our comprehensive and closely intertwined product, equipment, and service offering (described above) provides tremendous value to our customers and serves as an important differentiator and margin enhancement tool. Furthermore, we are able to structure tiered pricing and annual pricing escalators with key customers, allowing the business to cover a portion of certain fixed costs in lower-volume years and protect margins over time.

We are a full-service turnkey supplier to many of our key customers. In the Fire Safety segment, in addition to providing fire retardant, we also provide specialized air base equipment including storage, mixing and loading equipment, as well as the air base management and training services necessary for land and aerial wildland firefighting. Our supply chain network also provides a critical service to our customers – we are able to deliver retardant within hours to over 150 air tanker bases in North America, often in emergency situations as our customers are fighting active and threatening wildfires.

In the Specialty Products segment, our competitive advantage is based primarily on our long-standing record of reliability and customer support, our global supply capability for critical, high quality raw materials, and our technical expertise to handle and transport hazardous products and manage complex logistics. We have the largest fleet of specialized tote bins in the world that utilize patented technology to ensure safe handling and transport of P2S5.

There is an accelerating transition in the fire suppression market towards products that do not contain intentionally added PFAS. We expect Fluorine-Free Foams (“FFF”) to account for a growing percentage of the firefighting foam market over the next several years. We are positioned to be one of the key players in the FFF market. For example, we introduced SOLBERG® AVIGARD™ 3B and 6B for the aviation market, SOLBERG® VERSAGARD™ AS-100 for use wherever flammable and combustible liquids are stored, transported, or processed, SOLBERG VERSAGARD 1x3 FFF, the first 1x3 FFF, on the market for the emergency response, and SOLBERG® RE-HEALING SP-100 for sprinkler applications, with the latter being the latest addition to the most comprehensive FFF platform in the market. We expect to continue to invest to advance fluorine-free foam technology, enhance our third-party certifications like Underwriters Laboratory UL162, Factory Mutual (FM5130), and EN1568 for our FFF and equipment providing innovative, sustainable solutions protecting people, property, assets and ensuring business continuity for our customers.

We are also in a unique position to assist customers in their transitions to FFF. We provide a variety of specialized equipment to customers, including fire suppression system components used in conjunction with our fluorine free offerings. We are also experienced in transition activities, including advising on system modifications associated with transition to fluorine free solutions, as well as performance testing to verify compliance with national and industry standards for new fluorine-free systems. For example, in the past, we have assisted Brisbane Airport (Australia), Schiphol Airport (Netherlands) and Transport Canada in their respective transitions to fluorine-free foams and systems.

Within the lubricant additive end market, currently the Company’s largest end market application, P2S5 is primarily used in the production of family of compounds called ZDDP, which is considered an essential component in the formulation of engine oils. The consumption of ZDDP and other lubricant additives is driven by the social and economic trends globally of increased vehicle production and miles driven. Over the past 30 years, the number of global miles driven has increased resulting in more engine wear and tear and increased demand for motor oil. Secondary markets for P2S5 include agricultural applications in the production of intermediates for pesticides and insecticides, flotation chemistry in the mining industry, and for hydraulic and cutting fluids. A significant development opportunity exists for P2S5 in the emerging technology of lithium sulfide solid state electrolytes used in batteries for the electric vehicle market.

Nighttime retardant operations represent a significant expansion in the wildfire business and has been studied for several years, but has been limited to water. In 2021, a cooperative initiative among California counties, a helicopter company and the Company was created to provide limited retardant support for night operations. If the nighttime operations program is continued and expanded, this could add materially to our revenues.

Our primary fire retardant production facility is located at Rancho Cucamonga, California. Our Rancho Cucamonga location was opened in 2013, and has over 100,000 square feet of manufacturing, storage, office and laboratory space. The facility is located close to major air bases in southern California, including San Bernardino air base, one of USDA Forest Service’s highest volume air bases. The facility houses a modern laboratory, including a burn chamber, which has produced significant technical improvements to our fire retardant products, a number of which have been included in our newest product offerings.

In addition to our Rancho Cucamonga facility, we have fire retardant production capability at two Canadian plants, one in Kamloops, British Columbia, and the other in Sturgeon County, Alberta. These sites manufacture Phos-Chek® LC95A products for sale to Canadian customers. Our production facility in Aix-En-Provence, France, provides fire retardant to our European Union (“EU”) and Israeli customers, while our New South Wales, Australia, facility has repackaging and storing capability to serve our Australian customers.

We also utilize third party tolling and/or manufacturing locations in Moreland, Idaho and in Pasco, Washington. These facilities are located in close proximity to major USDA Forest Service air bases in the Northwest.

We utilize other tolling and warehouse facilities in strategic locations throughout North America to facilitate rapid shipment of products to our customers. Our retardant products are typically shipped and delivered within hours to any air base or customer location in North America.

We produce firefighting foam products in Green Bay, Wisconsin and Mieres, Spain. Our Green Bay, Wisconsin facility was acquired in 2019 from Amerex Corporation (“Amerex”), and produces Class A and Class B foams. Our Mieres, Spain, facility also produces Class A and Class B foams. Both facilities have significant research and development capabilities and live fire testing capabilities. We have firefighting foam equipment manufacturing capabilities at our Post Falls, Idaho facility as well as at our tolling facility in Port Arthur, Texas.

We have two key P2S5 production facilities. One is a tolling facility in Sauget, Illinois, operated by Flexsys Chemical Company, that primarily serves our customers in North America. The other facility is located in Knapsack Chemical Park in Hurth, Germany, and serves our customers outside North America.

Our intellectual property rights are valuable and important to our business, and we rely on copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets, non-disclosure agreements and electronic and physical security measures to establish and protect our proprietary rights. We intend to continue to pursue additional intellectual property protection on product and equipment enhancements to the extent we believe it would be beneficial and cost-effective.

As of December 31, 2022, our intellectual property portfolio consisted of the following:

•for the Fire Safety business, 11 owned U.S. patents, of which we expect 2 to expire in 5 years or less and 9 to expire in more than 5 years, and 33 owned foreign counterpart patents in certain foreign jurisdictions, of which we expect 16 to expire in 5 years or less and 17 to expire in more than 5 years, and

•for the Specialty Products business, 2 owned U.S. patents we expect to expire in 15 or more years. All of our patents and trademarks are registered or pending approval with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and in select international offices.

Our patent portfolio covers 20 countries and the protection is focused on key retardant technology and advancements, including corrosion inhibitors, fugitive color systems and liquid fire retardant compositions and improvements in firefighting foam compositions.

Consistent with our overall strategy, our sales and marketing effort aims to continually develop technical solutions that meet customer needs. During the third quarter of 2022, we structured our sales efforts in accordance with our business units, which, in-turn, align around our key product offerings and geographies. Each business unit has a business unit manager, who is responsible for achieving targeted financial and operational results, including the business unit’s sales and marketing efforts.

The markets in which we sell our products are, to varying degrees, cyclical and have experienced upswings and downturns. The following provides insight into the types of customers utilizing our various products, including our most significant customers.

Fire retardant customers are typically government agencies, with responsibility for protecting both government and private land, although we also serve commercial customers. We supply federal, state, provincial, local/municipal, and commercial customers around the world. We work diligently to build relationships with our customers and stakeholders, and we develop and enhance products and solutions in a highly collaborative manner with our key customers and stakeholders. We provide our retardants in various colors, forms (i.e., liquid or powder concentrates) and for various delivery methods (i.e., fixed wing aircraft, rotor wing aircraft, ground applied, etc.). We expect the demand for our retardant products, equipment, and services to grow, and we expect to continue to foster highly responsive and collaborative relationships with existing and potential customers and stakeholders.

Our Class A foam customers primarily consist of local fire departments, which utilize our products for wildland and structural firefighting. Our Class B foam customers primarily consist of industrial, aviation, and military customers which store and utilize flammable liquids on-site. Our customers in the market for Class A/B foam primarily consist of municipal fire departments. We utilize a traditional sales force in marketing these products and seek to building lasting relationships with our customers.

Our Specialty Products segment consists of several key global customers in the oil additives, agricultural, mineral extraction and emerging electric battery technologies markets. Given the consolidated nature of this business, our focus is on maintaining our existing customers, expanding their utilization of our products and services and growing our business in the emerging technologies markets.

For fiscal year 2022, our two largest customers, the USDA Forest Service and Afton Chemical accounted for 27% and 12% of our consolidated revenues, respectively. These are the only customers that individually represent more than 10% of our 2022 consolidated revenues. This customer concentration makes us subject to the risk of nonpayment, nonperformance, re-negotiation of terms or non-renewal by these major customers under our commercial agreements. As a supplier and service provider to the U.S. government, we are subject to certain heightened risks, such as those associated with the government’s rights to audit and conduct investigations and with its rights to terminate contracts for convenience or default. The loss of these customers would likely have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

Sales of fire retardant, and related equipment and services, accounted for 78% of our Fire Safety segment revenues in 2022. The fire retardant business is characterized by its highly specialized nature, its high cost-of-failure, and the integrated nature of the offering across products, specialized equipment, and services. As a result, development and testing of products, and the approval and licensing of such products, is typically a complex and lengthy process. We plan to maintain our market leadership position through continued investments in innovation and research and development focused on improving, enhancing and customizing our fire retardant products and services on behalf of our customers.

Sales of firefighting foams, and related equipment and services, accounted for 22% of our Fire Safety segment revenues in 2022. The market for our firefighting foam products is highly fragmented, and subject to intense competition from various manufacturers launching their own competing products. We compete with a variety of firms that offer similar products and services, many of which are better capitalized than us and may have more resources than we do. We compete for clients based on the quality of our products, the quality and breadth of the equipment and services we offer in conjunction with our products, the quality and knowledge base of our employees, the geographic reach of our products and services, and pricing of our product. We believe that we offer our customers an attractive value proposition based on these competitive factors, which allows us to compete effectively in the marketplace.

Our Specialty Products business is primarily focused on the North American and European markets, with a smaller focus in Asia and South America. In each of North America and Europe, we have one primary competitor. Competitive factors include the quality of our products, our reliability and consistency as a supplier, our ability to innovate and be highly responsive to our customers’ needs, and the pricing of our products.

Sales in our Fire Safety segment, of which approximately 74% are in the United States, are subject to significant seasonal variation due to the length and the severity of the fire season, which in North America typically extends from April through September, as well as the availability of air tanker capacity. Consequently, we record significant portion of our sales in the second and third quarter of our fiscal year.

We are subject to extensive federal, state, local and international laws, regulations, rules and ordinances relating to safety, pollution, protection of the environment, product management and distribution, and the generation, storage,

handling, transportation, treatment, disposal and remediation of hazardous substances and waste materials. In the ordinary course of business, we are subject to frequent environmental inspections and monitoring and occasional investigations by governmental enforcement authorities. In addition, our production facilities require operating permits that are subject to renewal, modification and, in certain circumstances, revocation. Actual or alleged violations of safety laws, environmental laws or permit requirements could result in restrictions or prohibitions on plant operations or product distribution, substantial civil or criminal sanctions, as well as, under some environmental laws, the assessment of strict liability and/or joint and several liability. Moreover, changes in environmental regulations could inhibit or interrupt our operations or require us to modify our facilities or operations. Accordingly, environmental or regulatory matters may cause us to incur significant unanticipated losses, costs or liabilities.

We are committed to manufacturing high quality products while at the same time protecting and preserving the earth’s natural resources and maintaining compliance with all applicable Environmental, Health and Safety Systems ("EHS") legal requirements. We have developed policies and management systems that are intended to identify the multitude of EHS legal requirements applicable to our operations, enhance compliance with applicable legal requirements, improve the safety of our employees, contractors, community neighbors and customers and minimize the production and emission of wastes and other pollutants. Although EHS legal requirements are constantly changing and are frequently difficult to comply with, these EHS management systems are designed to assist us in our compliance goals while also fostering efficiency and improvement and reducing overall risk to us.

As of December 31, 2022, we had 226 full-time employees and 14 temporary, seasonal or part-time employees. Our employees are not represented by any labor union, and we have never experienced a work stoppage or strike.

Health and Safety

Our commitment to safety is an essential part of our operating model with a zero-incident culture. We are dedicated to building, designing, maintaining, and operating our facilities to effectively manage process safety and other hazards, and to minimize risks. By partnering with our employees, we are able to maintain a safe work environment while meeting the needs of our customers. Our safety focus has never been more critical since the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. We have been following guidance from the World Health Organization and the U.S. Center for Disease Control to protect employees and prevent the spread of the virus within all of our facilities globally.

Talent Development

We consider our employees to be our most valuable asset. The development, attraction and retention of employees is a critical success factor. To support the advancement of our employees, we offer training and development programs encouraging advancement from within and continue to fill our team with strong and experienced management talent.

We offer attractive benefits packages that attract, retain, motivate and reward our talent, and we are committed to providing our employees and their families with programs that support their health and overall well-being. To assist employees with financial empowerment, we offer a 401(k) program. We also offer members the ability to save money on a tax-free basis through flexible spending accounts and health savings accounts. We offer competitive compensation programs that includes base pay, bonus and equity grants. Our full-time employees also receive paid time off and holidays.

Our equity compensation plans are designed to assist in attracting, retaining, motivating and rewarding key employees and directors, and promoting the creation of long-term value for our shareholders by closely aligning the interests of these individuals with those of our shareholders. Equity compensation, and specifically performance-based stock options, is a significant component of our equity-based compensation strategy and value-based culture.

We value the uniqueness of each individual, new ideas, different experiences and fresh perspectives, and firmly believe that a diverse workforce fosters an environment of collaboration and innovation where everyone can perform to

their highest potential and achieve personal and profession growth. Diversity and inclusion make us stronger as a company. We are committed to diversity at all levels of management and leadership, and our leadership team and our Board are committed to improving diversity throughout the Company and fostering a more inclusive and open environment. Our workforce includes talented people from many backgrounds. We do not tolerate discrimination and are committed to high ethical standards and equal employment opportunities in all personnel actions without regard to race, color, religion, gender, national origin, citizenship status, age, marital status, gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, physical or mental disability, or veteran status.

We file or furnish annual, quarterly and current reports and other documents with the SEC. The annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, including any amendments, will be made available free of charge on our website, www.perimeter-solutions.com, as soon as reasonably practicable, following the filing of the reports with the SEC. In addition, our website allows investors and other interested persons to sign up to automatically receive e-mail alerts when news releases and financial information is posted on the website. The SEC also maintains a website, www.sec.gov, that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The information on or obtainable through our website is not incorporated into this Annual Report.

Investing in our Ordinary Shares involves significant risks, some of which are described below. In evaluating our business, investors should carefully consider the following risk factors. These risk factors contain, in addition to historical information, forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed below. The order in which the following risks are presented is not intended to reflect the magnitude of the risks described. The occurrence of any of the following risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. In that case, the trading price of our Ordinary Shares could decline, perhaps significantly, and you therefore may lose all or part of your investment.

Our end markets experience constantly changing demand depending on a number of factors that are out of our control. In our fire retardant business, demand is dependent on the occurrence of fires, which are seasonal and dependent on environmental and other factors. Changes in the geographic location, occurrence, severity and duration of fires may change demand for our fire retardant products. For example, in 2019 we experienced the lowest U.S. fire season in 16 years. Seasonality in the fire retardant end market could periodically result in higher or lower levels of revenue and revenue concentration with a single or small number of customers. See “—The seasonal or cyclical nature of our business and severe weather events may cause demand for our products and services to be adversely affected while certain of our fixed costs remain the same, and prior performance is not necessarily indicative of our future results.” If we experience a low fire season, the WUI does not continue to expand or if FFF do not continue to account for a growing percentage of the firefighting foam market in the coming years as we expect, this could materially and adversely affect our business. In our specialty products business, we supply P2S5 which is primarily used in the lubricant additives market to produce a critical compound in engine oils. As more electric vehicles emerge on the automobile market, use of the internal combustion engine may decline, thereby lessening demand for our specialty products. Our inability to offset the volatility of these end markets through diversification into other markets, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

A small number of customers represent a significant portion of our revenue. A certain number of contracts with these customers are on an on-demand, as-needed basis, and there are no guaranteed minimums included in such contracts. In other cases, manufacturing disruptions at customer sites can significantly decrease customer demand. Because of the concentrated nature of our customer base and contract terms applicable to such customers, our quarterly revenue and results of operations may fluctuate from quarter to quarter and are difficult to estimate. In addition, any cancellation of orders or any acceleration or delay in anticipated product purchases by our larger customers could materially affect our revenue and results of operations in any quarterly period. We may be unable to sustain or increase our revenue from our larger customers or offset any discontinuation or decrease of purchases by our larger customers with purchases by new or other existing customers. To the extent one or more of our larger customers experience significant financial difficulty, bankruptcy or insolvency, this could have a material adverse effect on our sales and our ability to collect on receivables, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, certain customers, including some of our larger customers, have negotiated, or may in the future negotiate, volume-based discounts or other more favorable terms from us, which can and have had a negative effect on our gross margins or revenue. We expect that such concentrated purchases will continue to contribute materially to our revenue for the foreseeable future and that our results of operations may fluctuate materially as a result of such larger customers’ buying patterns.

Sales to the USDA Forest Service and the state of California represent a substantial portion of our revenues and this concentration of our sales makes us substantially dependent on those customers. In fiscal year 2022, sales to the USDA

As a supplier and service provider to the U.S. government, we are subject to certain heightened risks, such as those associated with the government’s rights to audit and conduct investigations and with its rights to terminate contracts for convenience or default. We may in the future be the subject of U.S. government investigations relating to our U.S. government contracts. Such investigations often take years to complete and could result in administrative, civil or criminal liabilities, including repayments, fines, treble and other damages, forfeitures, restitution or penalties, or could lead to suspension or debarment of U.S. government contracting or of export privileges. For instance, if a business unit were charged with wrongdoing in connection with a U.S. government investigation (including fraud, or violation of certain environmental or export laws), the U.S. government could suspend us from bidding on or receiving awards of new U.S. government contracts or subcontracts. If convicted or found liable, the U.S. government could fine and debar us from receiving new awards for a period generally not to exceed three years and could void any contracts found to be tainted by fraud. We also could suffer reputational harm if allegations of impropriety were made against us, even if such allegations are later determined to be unsubstantiated.

We derived approximately 26% of our revenues from customers located in foreign countries in fiscal 2022. The amount of foreign sales we make may increase in the future. The additional risks of foreign sales include:

•potential adverse fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates;

•higher credit risks;

•restrictive trade policies of the U.S. or foreign governments;

•currency hyperinflation and weak banking institutions;

•changing economic conditions in local markets;

•compliance risk related to local rules and regulations;

•political and economic instability in foreign markets;

•changes in leadership of foreign governments; and

•export restrictions due to local states of emergency for disease or illness.

Some or all of these risks may negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our realized margins depend on the differential of sales prices over our total supply costs. Our profitability is therefore sensitive to changes in product prices caused by changes in supply, transportation and storage capacity or other market conditions.

Generally, we attempt to maintain an inventory position that is substantially balanced between our purchases and sales, including our future delivery obligations. We attempt to obtain a certain margin for our purchases by selling our product to our customers. However, market, weather or other conditions beyond our control may disrupt our expected supply of product, and we may be required to obtain supply at increased prices that cannot be passed through to our customers. For example, some of our supply contracts follow market prices, which may fluctuate through the year, while our product prices may be fixed on a quarterly or annual basis, and therefore, fluctuations in our supply may not be passed through to our customers and can produce an adverse effect on our margins.

While inflation in the United States and global markets has been relatively low in recent years, during 2021 and 2022, the economy in the United States and global markets encountered a material increase in the level of inflation. The impact of COVID-19, geopolitical developments such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict and global supply chain disruptions continue to increase uncertainty in the outlook of near-term and long-term economic activity, including whether inflation will continue and how long, and at what rate. Increases in inflation raise our costs for commodities, labor, materials and services and other costs required to grow and operate our business, and failure to secure these on reasonable terms may adversely impact our financial condition. Additionally, increases in inflation, along with the uncertainties surrounding COVID-19, geopolitical developments and global supply chain disruptions, have caused, and may in the future cause, global economic uncertainty and uncertainty about the interest rate environment, which may make it more difficult, costly or dilutive for us to secure additional financing. A failure to adequately respond to these risks could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

There can be no assurance that we will maintain our relationship with, or serve, our customers at current levels. In addition, there is no assurance that any new agreement we enter into to supply or share services or facilities will have terms as favorable as those contained in current arrangements. Less favorable contract terms and conditions under any customer contract or contract for supply, purchase or shared services or facilities, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Unapproved or improper use of our products, or inadequate disclosure of risks or other information relating to the use of our products can lead to injury or other serious adverse events. These events could lead to recalls or safety alerts relating to our products (either voluntary or as required by governmental authorities), and could result, in certain cases, in the removal of a product from the market. A recall could result in significant costs and lost sales and customers, enforcement actions and/or investigations by state and federal governments or other enforcement bodies, as well as negative publicity and damage to our reputation that could reduce future demand for our products. Personal injuries relating to the use of our products can also result in significant product liability claims being brought against us. See “—Some of the products we produce may cause adverse health consequences, which exposes us to product liability and other claims, and we may, from time to time, be the subject of indemnity claims. Indemnity and insurance coverage could be inadequate or unavailable to cover such product liability and other claims.”

We cannot ensure that our compliance controls, policies, and procedures will in every instance protect us from acts committed by our employees, agents, contractors, service providers or collaborators that would violate the laws or regulations of the jurisdictions in which we operate, including, without limitation, employment, foreign corrupt practices, trade restrictions and sanctions, environmental, competition, and privacy laws and regulations. Such improper actions could subject us to civil or criminal investigations, and monetary and injunctive penalties, and could adversely impact our reputation as well as our business, financial condition and results of operations.

There is no guarantee that we will be able to continue purchasing products from our current suppliers on a long-term basis. Some supply contracts are renewable or renew automatically unless notice of termination is given, however there can be no assurance that they will be renewed or that notice of termination will not be given. We also have long-term relationships with certain suppliers, but there are no assurances that such relationships, and related supply, will continue. Finding a new supplier may take a significant amount of time and resources, and once we have identified such new supplier, we would have to ensure that they meet our standards for quality control and have the necessary technical capabilities, responsiveness, high-quality service and financial stability. Further, certain changes in our supply would require requalification with the USDA Forest Service for products on the Qualified Product List (“QPL”). If we are unable to efficiently manage our supply chain and / or ensure that our products are available to meet consumer demand, our operating costs could increase and our profit margins could decrease. Any of these factors could impact our ability to supply our products to customers and consumers and may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Manufacturing of our specialty products and fire retardant products is concentrated at certain facilities. In the event of a significant manufacturing difficulty, disruption or delay, we may not be able to develop alternate or secondary manufacturing locations without incurring material additional costs and substantial delays. Furthermore, these risks could materially and adversely affect our business if our facilities are impacted by a natural disaster or other interruption at a particular location. Transferring manufacturing to another location may result in significant delays in the availability of our products. As a result, protracted regional crises, issues with manufacturing facilities, or the COVID-19 pandemic, could lead to eventual shortages of necessary components. It could be difficult or impossible, costly and time consuming to obtain alternative sources for these components, or to change products to make use of alternative components. In addition, difficulties in transitioning from an existing supplier to a new supplier could create delays in component availability that would have a significant impact on our ability to fulfill orders for our products.

The operation of manufacturing plants involves many risks, including suspension of operations and increased costs or requirements stemming from new government statutes, regulations, guidelines and policies, including evolving environmental regulations. We need environmental and operational registrations, licenses, permits, inspections and other approvals to operate. The loss or delay in receiving a significant permit or license or the inability to renew it and any loss or interruption of the operations of our facilities may harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We rely on third-party logistics suppliers for the distribution, storage and transportation of raw materials, operating supplies and products. Delays or disruptions in the supply chain may adversely impact our ability to manufacture and distribute products thus impacting business financials. Any failure to properly store our products may similarly impact our manufacturing and distribution capabilities, impacting business financials. If we were to lose a supplier it could result in interruption of product shipments, cancellation of orders by customers and termination of relationships. This, along with the damage to our reputation, could have a material adverse effect on our revenues and, consequently, our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, actions by a third-party logistics supplier that fail to comply with contract terms or applicable laws and regulations could result in such third-party logistics supplier exposing us to claims for damages, financial penalties and reputational harm, any of which could have a material adverse effect in our business, financial condition and results of operations.

All of the raw materials that go into manufacturing our fire retardant and specialty products are sourced from third-party suppliers. Some of the key raw materials used to manufacture our products come from limited or sole sources of supply. We are therefore subject to the risk of shortages and long lead times in the supply of these raw materials and the risk that our suppliers discontinue or modify raw materials used in our products. We have a global supply chain and the COVID-19 pandemic has and may continue to adversely affect our ability to source raw materials in a timely or cost-effective manner from our suppliers. For example, reduction in shipping resources have resulted in longer lead times for key raw materials to be transported to our facilities. In addition, the lead times associated with certain raw materials are lengthy and preclude rapid changes in quantities and delivery schedules. We have in the past experienced and may in the future experience raw materials shortages and price fluctuations of certain key raw materials and materials, and the predictability of the availability and pricing of these raw materials may be limited. Raw materials shortages or pricing fluctuations could be material in the future. In the event of a raw materials shortage, supply interruption or material pricing change from suppliers of these raw materials, we may not be able to develop alternate sources in a timely manner or at all in the case of sole or limited sources. Developing alternate sources of supply for these raw materials is time-consuming, difficult, and costly as they require extensive qualifications and testing, and we may not be able to source these raw

Our business uses phosphorus as a key raw material. The price of this raw material may fluctuate in the future. If the price for this raw material increases, our profit margin could decrease for certain business lines.

The industries in which we operate and intend to operate in the future are subject to change, including shifts in customer demands and regulatory requirements and emergence of new industry standards and practices and new competitors. Thus, our success will depend, in part, on our ability to respond to these changes in a cost-effective and timely manner. We need to anticipate the emergence of new technologies and assess their market acceptance. We also need to invest significant resources in research and development in order to keep our products competitive in the market.

However, research and development activities are inherently uncertain, and we might encounter practical difficulties in commercializing our research and development results, which could result in excessive research and development expenses or delays. If we are unable to keep up with the technological developments and anticipate market trends, or if new technologies render our products obsolete, customers may no longer be attracted to our products. As a result, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.

Our operating revenues of our fire retardant business tend to be higher in summer months primarily due to the hotter/drier weather, which is generally correlated with a higher prevalence of wildfires. This is in part offset by the disbursement of our operations in both the northern and southern hemispheres, so that the summer seasons alternate.

The demand for our fire retardant products can be significantly impacted by the climate. While weather-related and other event-driven increases in demand can boost revenues through additional demand for our products for a limited time, we may incur increased costs in our efforts to produce enough products and to transport our products to our customers in a timely matter.

For these and other reasons, operating results in any interim period are not necessarily indicative of operating results for an entire year, and operating results for any historical period are not necessarily indicative of operating results for a future period. Our share price may be negatively or positively impacted by interim variations in our results.

Increased interest and potential competition in our markets from existing and potential competitors may reduce our market share and could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. Historically we have had relatively few large competitors. Existing and potential competitors may have more resources and better access to

New fire retardants based on different chemistry or raw materials may be introduced by competitors in the future. These products may be lower in cost or have enhanced performance characteristics compared to our existing products, and our customers may find them preferable. Replacement of one or more of our products in significant volumes could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our intellectual property is of particular importance for a number of the specialty products that we manufacture and sell. The trademarks and patents that we own may be challenged, and because of such challenges, we could eventually lose our exclusive rights to use and enforce such patented technologies and trademarks, which could adversely affect our competitive position, business, financial condition and results of operations. We are licensed to use certain patents and technology owned by other companies to manufacture products complementary to our own products. We pay royalties for these licenses in amounts not considered material, in the aggregate, to our consolidated results.

We also rely on unpatented proprietary know-how and continuing technological innovation and other trade secrets in all regions to develop and maintain our competitive position. Although it is our policy to enter into confidentiality agreements with our employees and third parties to restrict the use and disclosure of trade secrets and proprietary know-how, those confidentiality agreements may be breached. Additionally, adequate remedies may not be available in the event of an unauthorized use or disclosure of such trade secrets and know-how, and others could obtain knowledge of such trade secrets through independent development or other access by legal means. The failure of our patents, trademarks or confidentiality agreements to protect our processes, technology, trade secrets or proprietary know-how and the brands under which we market and sell our products could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In some of the countries in which we operate, the laws protecting patent holders are significantly weaker than in the United States, countries in the European Union and certain other countries. Weaker protection may assist competing manufacturers in becoming more competitive in markets in which they might not have otherwise been able to introduce competing products for a number of years. As a result, we tend to rely more heavily upon trade secret and know-how protection in these regions, as applicable, rather than patents and this may adversely impact our sales, business, financial condition and results of operations.

We cannot provide any assurances that any of our patents have, or that any of our pending patent applications that mature into issued patents will include, claims with a scope sufficient to protect our products, any additional features we develop or any new products. Patents, if issued, may be challenged, deemed unenforceable, invalidated or circumvented. We also cannot provide any assurances that any of our pending patent applications will be approved and a rejection of a patent application could have a materially adverse effect on our ability to protect our intellectual property from competitors.

Furthermore, though an issued patent is presumed valid and enforceable, its issuance is not conclusive as to its validity or its enforceability and it may not provide us with adequate proprietary protection or competitive advantages against competitors with similar products. Competitors may also be able to design around our patents. Other parties may develop and obtain patent protection for more effective technologies, designs or methods. We may not be able to prevent the unauthorized disclosure or use of our knowledge or trade secrets by consultants, suppliers, vendors, former employees and current employees. The laws of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States, and we may encounter significant problems in protecting our proprietary rights in these countries. Such claims and proceedings can also distract and divert management and key personnel from other tasks important to the success of our business. In addition, intellectual property litigation or claims could force us to do one or more of the following:

•cease selling products that contain asserted intellectual property;

•pay substantial damages for past use of the asserted intellectual property;

•obtain a license from the holder of the asserted intellectual property, which may not be available on reasonable terms; and

•redesign or rename, in the case of trademark claims, our products to avoid infringing the rights of third parties.

Such requirements could adversely affect our revenue, increase costs, and harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Select markets for some of our niche products and services may attract additional competitors. We cannot provide any assurances that we will have the financial resources to fund capital improvements to more effectively compete with such competitors or that even if financial resources are available to us, that projected operating results will justify such expenditures. Smaller companies may be more innovative, better able to bring new products to market and better able to quickly exploit and serve niche markets.

A portion of our revenues and earnings are generated by non-U.S. operations. Risks inherent in our global operations include:

•the potential for changes in socio-economic conditions, laws and regulations, including antitrust, import, export, labor and environmental laws, and monetary and fiscal policies;

•unsettled or unstable political conditions;

•government-imposed plant or other operational shutdowns;

•corruption;

•natural and man-made disasters,

•hazards and losses; and

•violence, civil and labor unrest, and possible terrorist attacks.

There can be no assurance that any or all of these events will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The future success of the Business Combination, including anticipated benefits, depends, in part, on our ability to optimize our operations as a public company. The optimization of our operations following the Business Combination will be a complex, costly and time-consuming process and if we experience difficulties in this process, the anticipated benefits may not be realized fully or at all, or may take longer to realize than expected, which could have an adverse effect on us for an undetermined period. There can be no assurances that we will realize the potential operating efficiencies, synergies and other benefits currently anticipated from the Business Combination.

Some of the factors involved in this are outside of our control, and any one of them could result in delays, increased costs, decreases in the amount of potential revenues, potential cost savings, and diversion of management’s time and energy, which could materially affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Even though extensive due diligence has been conducted on Perimeter, we cannot assure you that this diligence identified all material issues that may be present, that it would be possible to uncover all material issues through a customary amount of due diligence, or that factors outside of our control will not later arise. As a result of these factors, we may be forced to later write-down or write-off assets, restructure our operations, or incur impairment or other charges that could result in our reporting losses. Even if our due diligence successfully identified certain risks, unexpected risks may arise and previously known risks may materialize in a manner not consistent with our preliminary risk analysis. Even though these charges may be non-cash items and not have an immediate impact on our liquidity, the fact that we report charges of this nature could contribute to negative market perceptions about our securities or us. In addition, charges of this nature may cause us to violate net worth or other covenants to which we may be subject as a result of assuming pre-existing debt held by us or by virtue of our obtaining post-combination debt financing. Accordingly, any shareholder or warrant holder who chooses to remain a shareholder or warrant holder, respectively, following our initial business combination could suffer a reduction in the value of their securities. Such shareholders and warrant holders are unlikely to have a remedy for such reduction in value.

As of December 31, 2022, we had $675.0 million in Senior Notes outstanding and no borrowings outstanding under our revolving credit facility.

Our substantial indebtedness could have significant effects on our operations. For example, it may:

•require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, dividends, research and development efforts and other general corporate purposes;

•increase the amount of our interest expense, because our borrowings are at variable rates of interest, which, if interest rates increase, would result in higher interest expense;

•cause credit rating agencies to view our debt level negatively;

•increase our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;

•limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industries in which we operate;

•limit our ability to make strategic acquisitions, introduce new technologies or exploit business opportunities; and

•place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less indebtedness.

Our ability to access capital markets to raise capital on favorable terms will be affected by our debt level, our operating and financial performance, the amount of our current maturities and debt maturing in the next several years, and by prevailing credit market conditions. Moreover, if lenders or any future credit rating agency downgrade our credit rating, then we could experience increases in our borrowing costs, face difficulty accessing capital markets or incurring additional indebtedness, be unable to receive open credit from our suppliers and trade counterparties, be unable to benefit from swings in market prices and shifts in market structure during periods of volatility in the crude oil and natural gas markets or suffer a reduction in the market price of our Ordinary Shares. If we are unable to access the capital markets on favorable terms at the time a debt obligation becomes due in the future. The price and terms upon which we might receive such extensions or additional bank credit, if at all, could be more onerous than those contained in existing debt agreements. Any such

Subject to the restrictions in the agreements that govern our revolving credit facility, we may incur substantial additional indebtedness (including secured indebtedness) in the future. These restrictions are subject to waiver and a number of significant qualifications and exceptions, and indebtedness incurred in compliance with these restrictions could be substantial.

Any material increase in our level of indebtedness will have several important effects on our future operations, including, without limitation:

•we would have additional cash requirements in order to support the payment of interest on our outstanding indebtedness;

•increases in our outstanding indebtedness and leverage would increase its vulnerability to adverse changes in general economic and industry conditions, as well as to competitive pressure; and

•depending on the levels of our outstanding indebtedness, our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures and general corporate purposes could be limited.

Interest payments for borrowings under our revolving credit facility are based on variable rates. As a result, an increase in interest rates will reduce our cash flow available for other corporate purposes.

Rising interest rates also could limit our ability to refinance existing indebtedness when it matures and increase interest costs on any indebtedness that is refinanced. We may enter into agreements such as floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps, caps, floors and other hedging contracts in order to fully or partially hedge against the cash flow effects of changes in interest rates for floating rate debt.

At the end of 2021, the ICE Benchmark Administration, the administrator for London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), ceased publishing one-week and two-month U.S. dollar LIBOR and will cease publishing all remaining U.S. dollar LIBOR tenors after June 2023. The U.S. Federal Reserve, in conjunction with the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, has recommended replacing U.S. dollar LIBOR with a new index that measures the cost of borrowing cash overnight, backed by U.S. Treasury securities (“SOFR”). While we continue to monitor market developments to assess replacement rate options, the consequences of these developments with respect to LIBOR cannot be entirely predicted and may adversely affect our cost of capital, financial results, cash flows and results of operations.

The current military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and related sanctions, export controls or other actions that may be initiated by nations, including the United States, the European Union or Russia (e.g., potential cyberattacks, disruption of energy flows, etc.) could adversely affect our business and/or our supply chain. Although we currently maintain alternative sources for raw materials, if we are unable to source our products from the countries where we wish to purchase them, either because of the occurrence or threat of wars or other conflicts, regulatory changes or for any other reason, or if the cost of doing so increases, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Disruptions in the supply of raw materials and components could temporarily impair our ability to manufacture our products for our customers or require us to pay higher prices to obtain these raw materials or components from other sources, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operations.

We are the subject of litigation by customers, suppliers and other third parties and may be the subject of such litigation in the future. From time to time, such lawsuits are filed against us and the outcome of any litigation, particularly class or

Our fire retardant products are provided to emergency services personnel and are intended to protect lives and property, so we are subject to heightened liability risks if our products fail to provide such protection. While our products are effective in retarding fires, there is no guarantee such products will be able to stop all fires due to their unpredictability and variation in size and/or speed in which a fire is burning. In addition, fires need to be fought with the cooperation and assistance of local fire authorities as well as the additional tools and resources that they bring. Therefore, while we recognize the importance of the role our products play in these critical efforts, our products are not the only factor in fighting fires and therefore we cannot guarantee that our products will always be able to protect life and property. Any failure to do so could have an adverse effect on our business.

Some of the products we produce may cause adverse health consequences, which exposes us to product liability and other possible claims including indemnity claims by our distributors pursuant to the terms of our distributor arrangements. A successful class action proceeding or one or a series of claims related to degradation of natural resources, product liability or exposure from usage of a product that exceeds our insurance or indemnity coverage could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Such litigation and indemnity claim resolution is expensive, time consuming and may divert management’s attention away from the operation of the business. The outcome of litigation and disputes can never be predicted with certainty and not resolving such matters favorably could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and/or reputation, as they may require us to pay substantial damages or make substantial indemnification payments, among other consequences.

We manufacture, among other things, products used to extinguish fires. The products that we manufacture are typically used in applications and situations that involve high levels of risk of personal injury. Failure to use our products for their intended purposes, failure to use our products properly or the malfunction of our products could result in serious bodily injury or death of the user. In such cases, we may be subject to product liability claims arising from the design, manufacture or sale of our products. If these claims are decided against us, and we are found to be liable, we may be required to pay substantial damages, and our insurance costs may increase significantly as a result. We cannot assure you that our indemnity and insurance coverage would be sufficient to cover the payment of any potential claim. In addition, we cannot assure you that this or any other indemnity or insurance coverage will continue to be available or, if available, that we will be able to obtain insurance at a reasonable cost. Any material uninsured loss could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We operate in a highly regulated and litigious environment. We and/or one or more of our subsidiaries are regularly involved in a variety of legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business, including arbitration, litigation (and related settlement discussions), and other claims, and are subject to regulatory proceedings including governmental audits and investigations. Legal proceedings, in general, and class action and multi-district litigation, in particular, can be expensive and disruptive, and may not be insured or exceed any applicable insurance coverage. Additionally, defending against these lawsuits and proceedings may involve significant expense and diversion of management’s attention and resources. Some of these suits may purport or may be determined to be class actions and/or involve parties seeking large and/or indeterminate amounts, including punitive or exemplary damages, and may remain unresolved for several years.

For example, we are a defendant in a multi-district litigation pending in the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina (“MDL”) relating to the manufacture, sale, and distribution of AFFF. The cases allege, among other things, groundwater contamination, drinking water contamination, damages to natural resources, and bodily injuries from exposure to PFAS chemicals in AFFF. There are over 2,000 cases currently pending in the MDL. The plaintiffs include, among others, individual firefighters, municipalities and corporate water providers, and state attorneys general. The lead defendants include 3M Company, Tyco Fire Products LP/Chemguard, and DuPont de Nemours, Inc./The Chemours Company, and approximately 10 to 15 other defendants including, among others, Amerex Corporation (“Amerex”). Amerex has been named as a defendant in approximately 1,300 AFFF lawsuits based on its prior ownership of The Solberg Company (“Solberg”), which Perimeter acquired from Amerex on January 1, 2019. Although Amerex retained certain pre-closing liabilities for Solberg, there are approximately 430 indemnity claims from Amerex, and a very small number of potential direct claims, that have been made against Perimeter on the basis of Perimeter’s ownership of Solberg after January 1, 2019. Amerex is barred from making new, third-party indemnity claims against Perimeter after December 31, 2021. There are also a small number of AFFF cases pending against Perimeter on the basis of its manufacturing, distribution, and sale of non-Solberg products, including Phos-Chek.

We cannot predict with certainty the outcomes of these legal proceedings and other contingencies, and the costs incurred in litigation can be substantial, regardless of the outcome. Proceedings that we believe are insignificant may develop into material proceedings and subject us to unforeseen outcomes or expenses. Additionally, the actions of certain participants in our industry may encourage legal proceedings against us or cause us to reconsider our litigation strategies. As a result, we could from time to time incur judgments, enter into settlements or revise our expectations regarding the outcome of certain matters, and such developments could harm our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We operate on a global basis, with 26% of our revenues in fiscal 2022 made to destinations outside the United States, including Canada, Europe, Australia, Mexico and Israel. We face several risks inherent in conducting business internationally, including compliance with applicable economic sanctions laws and regulations, such as laws and regulations administered by U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, the U.S. Department of State and the U.S. Department of Commerce. We must also comply with all applicable export control laws and regulations of the United States, the EU and other countries. Violations of these laws or regulations could result in significant additional sanctions including criminal or civil fines or penalties, more onerous compliance requirements, more extensive debarments from export privileges or loss of authorizations needed to conduct aspects of our international business.

In certain countries, we may engage third party agents or intermediaries, such as customs agents, to act on our behalf and if these third-party agents or intermediaries violate applicable laws, their actions may result in criminal or civil fines or penalties, or other sanctions being assessed against us. We take certain measures designed to ensure our compliance with U.S. export and economic sanctions law and we believe that we have never sold our products to Crimea, Cuba, Iran, North Korea or Syria through third party agents or intermediaries or made any effort to attract business from any of these countries. We also take steps to prevent our products from being sold, without the necessary legal authorization, to individuals or entities that are the subject or target of U.S. export and economic sanctions laws. However, it is possible that some of our products were sold or will be sold to distributors or other parties that, without our knowledge or consent, re-exported or will re-export such products to these countries or sanctioned persons. Although none of our non-U.S. distributors are located in, or to our knowledge, conduct business with Crimea, Cuba, Iran, North Korea or Syria, we may not be successful in ensuring compliance with limitations or restrictions on business with these or other countries subject to economic sanctions. We may be exposed to compliance-related risks with export control or economic sanctions laws and regulations in the future.

Any such violation could result in significant criminal or civil fines, penalties or other sanctions and repercussions, including reputational harm that could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business operations and sales in countries outside the United States are subject to anti-corruption, anti-bribery and anti-kickback laws and regulations, including restrictions imposed by the FCPA, as well as the United Kingdom Bribery Act of 2010 (the “UK Bribery Act”). The FCPA, UK Bribery Act, and similar anti-corruption, anti-bribery and anti-kickback laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit companies, their employees, their intermediaries and their agents from providing anything of value to government officials or any other persons for the purpose of improperly obtaining or retaining business. We operate and sell our products in many parts of the world that have experienced governmental corruption to some degree and, in certain circumstances, strict compliance with anti-corruption, anti-bribery and anti-kickback laws may conflict with local customs and practices. We have policies in place that prohibit employees from making improper payments on our behalf. We continue to implement internal controls and procedures designed to promote compliance with anti-corruption, anti-bribery and anti-kickback laws, rules and regulations as well as mitigate and protect against corruption risks. We cannot provide assurance that our internal controls and procedures will protect us from reckless, criminal or other acts committed by our employees or third parties with whom we work. If we are found to be liable for violations of the FCPA or similar anti-corruption, anti-bribery and anti-kickback laws in international jurisdictions, either due to our own acts or omissions, or out of inadvertence, or due to the acts or inadvertence of others, we could suffer criminal or civil fines or penalties or other repercussions, including reputational harm, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We provide products and services, directly and indirectly, to a variety of government entities. In fiscal 2022, we derived approximately 34% of our revenue from multiple contracts with agencies of the U.S. federal government. As such, we must comply with and are affected by laws and regulations relating to the award, administration and performance of U.S. government contracts. Government contract laws and regulations affect how we do business with our customers and impose certain risks and costs on our business.

Risks associated with selling products and services to government entities include extended sales and collection cycles, varying governmental budgeting processes, and adherence to complex procurement regulations and other government-specific contractual requirements. We may be subject to audits and investigations relating to our government contracts and any violations could result in civil and criminal penalties and administrative sanctions, including termination of contracts, payment of fines, and suspension or debarment from future government business, as well as harm to our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to regulation by federal, state, local and foreign government authorities. In some cases, for example, for our firefighting products, we need to pass the USDA Forest Service qualification process, which is a rigorous process that requires the product passing several tests and standards, including toxicity corrosion and stability. The USDA Forest Service also requires a lengthy field evaluation, which adds to the difficulty of meeting USDA Forest Service standards. In addition to meeting the USDA Forest Service standards, the agency may be required to consult with various government agencies, for example, the Environmental Protection Agency, to meet additional requirements and regulations. We are also subject to ongoing reviews of our products, manufacturing processes and facilities by government authorities, and such agencies may at times be involved in challenges by outside groups, and as a result, the Company may be required to must also produce product data and comply with detailed regulatory requirements.

The Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals (“REACH”) legislation may affect our ability to manufacture and sell certain products in the EU: REACH requires chemical manufacturers and importers in the EU to prove the safety of their products. We were required to pre-register certain products and file comprehensive reports, including testing data, on each chemical substance, and perform chemical safety assessments. Additionally, substances of high concern are subject to an authorization process. Authorization may result in restrictions on certain uses of products or even prohibitions on the manufacture or importation of products. The full registration requirements of REACH have been phased in over several years, and we have incurred additional expense to cause the registration of our products under these regulations. REACH may affect our ability to import, manufacture and sell certain products in the EU. In addition, other

The Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act modified the Toxic Control Substances Act (“TSCA”), by requiring the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”), to prioritize and evaluate the environmental and health risks of existing chemicals and provided the EPA with greater authority to regulate chemicals posing unreasonable risks. According to this statute, the EPA is required to make an affirmative finding that a new chemical will not pose an unreasonable risk before such chemical can go into production. As a result, TSCA now operates in a similar fashion to the REACH legislation in Europe. These laws and regulations, among others, increase the complexity and costs of transporting our products from the country in which they are manufactured to our customers. Further changes to these and similar regulations could restrict our ability to expand, build or acquire new facilities, require us to acquire costly control equipment, cause us to incur expenses associated with remediation of contamination, cause us to modify our manufacturing or shipping processes or otherwise increase our cost of doing business and have a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the adoption of new laws, rules or regulations related to climate change poses risks that could harm our results of operations or affect the way we conduct our businesses. For example, new or modified regulations could require us to make substantial expenditures to enhance our environmental compliance efforts.

New or stricter laws and regulations may be introduced that could result in additional compliance costs and prevent or inhibit the development, manufacture, distribution and sale of our products. For example, certain PFAS in firefighting foam may become regulated as hazardous substances, phased out or banned. The USDA Forest Service may also change its qualification process or determine that our products no longer qualify under existing requirements. Such outcomes could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We operate in jurisdictions where legislative initiatives relating to greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions are being considered or adopted. For example, the SEC has proposed a mandatory climate change reporting framework that, if implemented, is likely to materially increase the amount of time, monitoring and reporting costs related to these matters. There has been no material effect on any of our facilities to date, and we continue to follow developments closely. Although it is difficult to know what final regulations may be passed in the jurisdictions where our manufacturing facilities are located, we could face increased capital and operating costs to comply with GHG emissions regulations and these costs could be material. The potential impact of current and proposed environmental laws and regulations is uncertain. We cannot predict the nature of these requirements and the impact on our business, but proposed regulations or failure to comply with current and proposed regulations could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations by substantially increasing capital expenditures and compliance costs, affecting our ability to meet our financial obligations. It may also lead to the modification or cancellation of operating licenses and permits, penalties and other corrective actions.

The regulatory environment in which we operate is subject to change, and new regulations and new or existing claims, such as those related to certain PFAS substances could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations or make aspects of our business as currently conducted no longer possible. In addition, we are and, in the future may be, subject to claims related to substances such PFAS, including for degradation of natural resources from such PFAS and personal injury or product liability claims as a result of human exposure to such PFAS.

Our operations are subject to extensive environmental regulation in each of the countries in which we maintain facilities. For example, U.S. (federal, state and local), and other countries’ environmental laws applicable to the Company include statutes and regulations intended to impose certain obligations with respect to the manufacture, sale and distribution of firefighting foam that contains intentionally added PFAS chemicals. In addition, certain regulations also impose restrictions on the discharge of PFAS chemicals in wastewater, and may require allocating the cost of investigating, monitoring and remedying soil and groundwater contamination to a party operating the site, as well as to prevent future soil and groundwater contamination; imposing air ambient standards and, in some cases, emission standards, for air pollutants which present a risk to public health, welfare or the natural environment; governing the handling, management, treatment,

With regards to our specialty products business, our use of hazardous substances in our manufacturing processes and the generation of hazardous wastes not only by us, but by prior occupants of our facilities, suggest that hazardous substances may be present at or near certain of our facilities or may come to be located there in the future. Consequently, we are required to closely monitor our compliance under all the various environmental laws and regulations applicable to us. Under certain environmental laws, we may be responsible for remediation costs or other liabilities as a result of the use, release or disposal of hazardous substances at or from any property currently or formerly owned or operated or to which we sent waste for treatment or disposal. Liability under these laws may be imposed without regard to whether we were aware of, or caused, the contamination and, in some cases, liability may be joint or several.

Our facilities are subject to increasingly more stringent federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations. Some of these laws and regulations relate to what are frequently called “emerging contaminants,” such as PFAS. Some of the Company’s products use fluorine as a raw material, which is considered a PFAS chemical. We and some of our competitors have been, are, and in the future may be the target of lawsuits and state enforcement actions because of the alleged discharge of PFAS into the environment, including for degradation of natural resources from such PFAS and personal injury or product liability claims as a result of human exposure to such PFAS. See “—We are exposed to risks related to litigation, including multi-district litigation and other legal proceedings.”

We obtain Phase I or similar environmental site assessments for most of the manufacturing facilities we own or lease at the time we either acquire or lease such facilities. These assessments typically include general inspections. These assessments may not reveal all potential environmental liabilities and current assessments are not available for all facilities. Consequently, there may be material environmental liabilities of which we are not aware. In addition, ongoing cleanup and containment operations may not be adequate for purposes of future laws and regulations. The conditions of our properties could also be affected in the future by neighboring operations or the conditions of the land in the vicinity of our properties. These developments and others, such as increasingly stringent environmental laws and regulations, increasingly strict enforcement of environmental laws and regulations, or claims for damage to property or injury to persons resulting from the environmental, health or safety impact of our operations, may cause us to incur significant costs and liabilities that could have a material adverse effect.

Our facilities are required to maintain numerous environmental permits and governmental approvals for our operations. Some of the environmental permits and governmental approvals that have been issued to us or to our facilities contain conditions and restrictions, including restrictions or limits on emissions and discharges of pollutants and contaminants, or may have limited terms. Maintaining these permits and complying with their terms as well as environmental laws and regulations applicable to our business could require us to incur material costs.

If we fail to satisfy these conditions or to comply with these restrictions or with applicable environmental laws and regulations, we may become subject to enforcement actions and the operation of the relevant facilities could be adversely affected. We may also be subject to fines, penalties, claims for injunctive relief or additional costs. We may not be able to renew, maintain or obtain all environmental permits and governmental approvals required for the continued operation or further development of our facilities, as a result of which the operation of our facilities may be limited or suspended.

Because our specialty products segment manufactures and uses materials that are known to be hazardous, highly combustible and difficult to transport, we are subject to, or affected by, certain product and manufacturing regulations, for which compliance can be costly and time consuming. In addition, we may be subject to personal injury or product liability claims as a result of human exposure to such hazardous materials.

We produce hazardous, highly combustible and difficult to transport chemicals, which subject us to regulation by many U.S. and non-U.S. national, supra-national, state and local governmental authorities. In some circumstances, these authorities must review and, in some cases approve, our products and/or manufacturing processes and facilities before we may manufacture and sell some of these chemicals. To be able to manufacture and sell certain new chemical products, we may be required, among other things, to demonstrate to the relevant authority that the product does not pose an unreasonable risk during its intended uses and/or that we are capable of manufacturing the product in compliance with current regulations. The process of seeking any necessary approvals can be costly, time consuming and subject to unanticipated and significant delays. Approvals may not be granted to us on a timely basis, or at all. Any delay in obtaining, or any failure to obtain or maintain these approvals would adversely affect our ability to introduce new products and to generate revenue from those products. New laws and regulations may be introduced in the future that could result in

P2S5 is transported through a combination of ground and sea. These materials are highly combustible and difficult to transport, so they must be handled carefully and in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. An incident in the transportation of our materials or our failure to comply with laws and regulations applicable to the transfer of such products could lead to human injuries or significant property damage, regulatory repercussions or could make it difficult to fulfill our obligations to our customers, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Products we have made or used could be the focus of legal claims based upon allegations of harm to human health. We cannot predict the outcome of suits and claims, and an unfavorable outcome in these litigation matters could exceed reserves or have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and cause our reputation to decline.

If the products we sell do not have the intended effects, our business may suffer and it may be subject to products liability or other legal actions. Our products contain innovative combinations of materials. While there is data available with respect to the environmental impacts of our fire retardant products that are conducted by governmental agencies, this data is limited to certain locations and periods and therefore, may not capture all the possible environmental impacts and side effects of use or repeated use of our fire retardant products. Similarly, there have been toxicological studies conducted on the impact of our products on certain fish and mammalian species, however, this is limited in scope and therefore, does not present all the potential side effects and/or the products’ interaction with animal biochemistry. As a result, our products could have certain impact on the environment or the animal population that is currently unknown by the Company.

We may be the subject of litigation by customers, suppliers and other third parties. A significant judgment against us, the loss of a significant permit, license or other approval, or a significant fine, penalty or contractual dispute could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Some of the products we produce may cause adverse health consequences, which exposes us to product liability claims. See “—Some of the products we produce may cause adverse health consequences, which exposes us to product liability and other claims, and we may, from time to time, be the subject of indemnity claims.” Litigation is expensive, time consuming and may divert management’s attention away from the operation of the business. The outcome of litigation can never be predicted with certainty and an adverse outcome in any of these matters could have a material adverse effect on our reputation as well as our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our executive officers have limited experience in the management of a publicly traded company. Our management team’s limited experience in dealing with the increasingly complex laws pertaining to public companies could be a significant disadvantage in that it is likely that an increasing amount of their time may be devoted to these activities which will result in less time being devoted to our management and growth. We may not have adequate personnel with the appropriate level of knowledge, experience, and training in the accounting policies, practices or internal controls over financial reporting required of public companies in the U.S. The development and implementation of the standards and controls necessary for us to achieve the level of accounting standards required of a public company in the U.S. may require costs greater than expected. It is possible that we will be required to expand our employee base and hire additional employees to support our operations as a public company, which will increase our operating costs in future periods.

As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the NYSE rules. The requirements of these rules and regulations will impact our legal, accounting and compliance expenses, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming or costly and place strain on our personnel, systems and resources. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. Ensuring that we will have adequate internal financial and accounting controls and procedures in place is a costly and time-consuming effort that needs to be re-evaluated frequently. The company currently outsources its internal audit function and we may need to hire additional accounting and financial staff with appropriate public company experience and technical accounting knowledge. Implementing any appropriate changes to our internal controls may require specific compliance training for our directors, officers and employees, entail substantial costs, and take a significant period of time to complete. Such changes may not, however, be effective in maintaining the adequacy of our internal controls and any failure to maintain that adequacy, or consequent inability to produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis, could increase our operating costs and could materially impair our ability to operate our business. Moreover, effective internal controls are necessary for us to produce reliable financial reports and are important to help prevent fraud.

The various rules and regulations applicable to public companies make it more difficult and more expensive for us to maintain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced coverage or incur substantially higher costs to maintain coverage. If we are unable to maintain adequate directors’ and officers’ insurance, our ability to recruit and retain qualified officers and directors will be significantly curtailed.

We expect that the rules and regulations applicable to public companies will result in us incurring substantial additional legal and financial compliance costs. These costs will decrease our net income or increase our net loss and may require us to reduce costs in other areas of our business.

In connection with the audit of the 2022 financial statements, we identified material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting. As a result of these material weaknesses, our management has concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2022, as further described in Item 9A, Controls and Procedures—Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weaknesses are related to the (i) failure to design and implement precise review controls to properly consider key terms and conditions affecting the grant date in accordance with ASC 718, when determining and applying our policy in accounting for PBNQSO and (ii) the material weaknesses reported in our Annual Report for 2021 which include (a) the failure to design and implement review controls at a sufficient level of precision around complex accounting areas and related disclosure, including business combinations and goodwill impairment assessment, specifically related to the determination of carrying value and review of valuation assumptions and a material weakness, and (b) the failure to design and implement controls over the business combination and its effects on the presentation of the statement of cash flows, equity issuance costs, and transaction costs and the judgments made in the determination of purchase consideration

The material weakness related to the determination of the grant date in accordance with ASC 718 resulted in material errors to our previously issued unaudited consolidated financial statements on Form 10-Q for the September 2022 Quarter and June 2022 Quarter, and a restatement of those previously issued unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as described in Note 18, “Restatement of Previously Issued Financial Statements” in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

We are taking steps to remediate the material weaknesses by, among other things, enhancing the precision at which certain review controls are executed relating to the determination and application of accounting policies, specifically those associated with the application of ASC 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation and hiring an additional qualified accounting resource, engaging outside resources to assist with the design and implementation of a system of risk-based

We may in the future discover additional material weaknesses in our system of internal financial and accounting controls and procedures that could result from additional material misstatements of our financial statements. Our internal control over financial reporting will not prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud will be detected.

If we are unable to remediate the material weaknesses in a timely manner or we identify additional material weaknesses, we may be unable to provide required financial information in a timely and reliable manner and we may incorrectly report financial information. Likewise, if our financial statements are not filed on a timely basis, we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the stock exchange on which our Ordinary Shares are listed, the SEC or other regulatory authorities. The existence of material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting could adversely affect our reputation or investor perceptions of us, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our Ordinary Shares.

We are required to establish and maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting. Failure to establish those controls, or any failure of those controls once established, could adversely affect our public disclosures regarding our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, management’s assessment of internal controls over financial reporting may identify additional weaknesses and conditions that need to be addressed in our internal controls over financial reporting, or other matters that may raise concerns for investors. Any actual or perceived weaknesses and conditions that need to be addressed in our internal controls over financial reporting, or disclosure of management’s assessment of our internal controls over financial reporting, may have an adverse impact on the price of our securities.

Our failure to timely and effectively implement controls and procedures required by Section 404 (“Section 404”) and of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

We are required to provide management’s attestation on internal controls. Management may not be able to effectively and timely implement controls and procedures that adequately respond to the increased regulatory compliance and reporting requirements. If we are not able to implement the additional requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner or with adequate compliance, we may not be able to assess whether our internal controls over financial reporting are effective or may result in a finding that there are additional material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting, which may subject us to adverse regulatory consequences and could harm investor confidence and the market price of our securities.

The registration statement on Form S-4 filed in connection with the Business Combination included our unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated combined financial statements for us. Those unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated combined financial statements were presented for illustrative purposes only, were based on certain assumptions, address a hypothetical situation and reflect limited historical financial data. Therefore, the unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated combined financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations and financial position that would have been achieved had the Business Combination been consummated on the dates related to those pro forma, or the future consolidated results of operations or financial position of us. Accordingly, our business, assets, cash flows, results of operations and financial condition may differ significantly from those indicated by the unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated combined financial statements included in the registration statement filed in connection with the Business Combination.

The price of our Ordinary Shares and Warrants may fluctuate significantly due to general market and economic conditions. An active trading market for our Ordinary Shares and Warrants may never develop or, if developed, it may not be sustained. In addition, the price of our Ordinary Shares and Warrants can vary due to general economic conditions and forecasts, our general business condition and the release of our financial reports. If our Ordinary Shares become delisted from the NYSE for any reason, and are quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board, an inter-dealer automated quotation system for equity securities that is not a national securities exchange, the liquidity and price of our Ordinary Shares may be more limited than if it were quoted or listed on the NYSE or another national securities exchange. You may be unable to sell your Company securities unless a market can be established or sustained.

The trading market for our Ordinary Shares and Warrants will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts may publish about us, our business, our market, or our competitors. If no securities or industry analysts commence coverage of us, the price and trading volume of our Ordinary Shares and Warrants would likely be negatively impacted. If any of the analysts who may cover us change their recommendation regarding our Ordinary Shares and Warrants adversely, or provide more favorable relative recommendations about our competitors, the price of our Ordinary Shares and Warrants would likely decline.

The market price of our Ordinary Shares may decline as a result of the Business Combination if we do not achieve the perceived benefits of the Business Combination as rapidly, or to the extent anticipated by, financial analysts or the effect of the Business Combination on our financial results is not consistent with the expectations of financial analysts. Accordingly, holders of our Ordinary Shares may experience a loss as a result of a decline in the market price of such our Ordinary Shares. In addition, a decline in the market price of our Ordinary Shares could adversely affect our ability to issue additional securities and to obtain additional financing in the future.

We may redeem our Warrants prior to their exercise at a time that is disadvantageous to you, thereby significantly impairing the value of such Warrants. We will have the ability to redeem outstanding Warrants at any time after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, at a price of $0.01 per Warrant, provided that the closing price of our Ordinary Shares equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted for share sub-divisions, share capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 10 consecutive trading days. Redemption of the outstanding Warrants could force you (i) to exercise your Warrants and pay the exercise price therefor at a time when it may be disadvantageous for you to do so, (ii) to sell your Warrants at the then-current market price when you might otherwise wish to hold your Warrants, or (iii) to accept the nominal redemption price which, at the time the outstanding Warrants are called for redemption, is likely to be substantially less than the market value of your Warrants.

As a result of the Founder Advisory Agreement entered into by EverArc and the EverArc Founder Entity (and assumed by us upon the Merger) to provide incentives to the EverArc Founders to achieve EverArc’s, and following the Merger, the Company’s, objectives, the EverArc Founders have interests that are different and in addition to your interests as a shareholder and/or warrant holder generally. Specifically, under the Founder Advisory Agreement, as consideration for services provided to the Company by the EverArc Founder Entity, including strategic and capital allocation advice, the Company will pay the EverArc Founder Entity:

•a fixed advisory amount (the “Fixed Annual Advisory Amount”) and a variable advisory amount which variable amount is earned solely based upon appreciation of the market price of our Ordinary Shares (the

“Variable Annual Advisory Amount,” each an “Advisory Amount” and collectively, the “Advisory Amounts”) as follows:

•a Fixed Annual Advisory Amount equal to 1.5% of 157,137,410 Ordinary Shares outstanding on the Closing Date (in each case, payable in our Ordinary Shares or partly in cash, at the election of the EverArc Founder Entity provided that at least 50% of such amounts are paid in our Ordinary Shares); and

•a Variable Annual Advisory Amount based on the appreciation of the market price of our Ordinary Shares if such market price exceeds certain trading price minimums (in each case, payable in our Ordinary Shares or partly in cash, at the election of the EverArc Founder Entity provided that at least 50% of such amounts are paid in our Ordinary Shares).

With respect to the Fixed Annual Advisory Amount, the EverArc Founder Entity will earn such advisory fee even if our shareholders earn a negative return following the consummation of the Business Combination.

We are required to pay the EverArc Founder Entity a Fixed Annual Advisory Amount and, if earned, a Variable Annual Advisory Amount each year until the years ending December 31, 2027 and December 31, 2031, respectively, pursuant to the Founder Advisory Agreement. Under the Founder Advisory Agreement, at the election of the EverArc Founder Entity, at least 50% of the total fees will be paid in Ordinary Shares and the remainder in cash. If the EverArc Founder Entity elects to receive a portion of the future fees in cash, we may need to use cash from operations, borrowings or other sources to make the payment, which will reduce cash available for investing activities, working capital and/or distribution to shareholders.

For additional information about the Founder Advisory Agreement, refer to Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Founder Advisory Agreement” and Note 13, “Related Parties,” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report.

We will be obligated to pay the Advisory Amounts to the EverArc Founder Entity until the years ending December 31, 2027 and 2031, respectively. The portion of the Advisory Amounts payable in our Ordinary Shares will reduce the percentage shareholdings for those shareholders holding our Ordinary Shares.

In the event the Founder Advisory Agreement is terminated by us upon the Company ceasing to be traded on the NYSE or by the Company upon a sale of us we will pay the EverArc Founders a termination payment in cash. This termination payment may be substantial and will be immediately due and payable on the date of termination of the Founder Advisory Agreement.

We are organized under the laws of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. In addition, some of the members of our Board and officers reside outside the U.S. Investors may not be able to effect service of process within the U.S. upon us or these persons or enforce judgments obtained against us or these persons in U.S. courts, including judgments in actions predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws. Likewise, it also may be difficult for an investor to enforce in U.S. courts judgments obtained against us or these persons in courts located in jurisdictions outside the U.S., including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws. Awards of punitive damages in actions brought in the U.S. or elsewhere are generally not enforceable in Luxembourg.

As there is no treaty in force on the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters between the U.S. and Luxembourg, courts in Luxembourg will not automatically recognize and enforce a final judgment rendered by a U.S. court. Pursuant to the general provisions of Luxembourg law for the enforcement of foreign judgments and in particular, but not limited to, article 678 of the Luxembourg New Code of Civil Procedure, a party who obtains a final judgment from a court of competent jurisdiction in the U.S. may initiate enforcement proceedings in Luxembourg (exequatur) and the District Court (Tribunal d’Arrondissement) may authorize the enforcement in Luxembourg of the U.S. judgment without re-examination of the merits, if it is satisfied that the following conditions are met (which conditions may change):

•the judgment of the U.S. court is final and enforceable (exécutoire) in the U.S.;

•the U.S. court had jurisdiction over the subject matter leading to the judgment according to the Luxembourg conflict of jurisdictions rules (that is, its jurisdiction was in compliance both with Luxembourg private international law rules and with the applicable domestic U.S. federal or state jurisdictional rules);

•the U.S. court applied to the dispute the substantive law that would have been applied by Luxembourg courts (based on recent case law and legal doctrine, it is not certain that this condition would still be required for an exequatur to be granted by a Luxembourg court);

•the judgment was granted following proceedings where the counterparty had the opportunity to appear and, if it appeared, to present a defense, and the decision of the foreign court must not have been obtained by fraud, but with the procedural rules of the jurisdiction in which the judgment was rendered, in particular, in compliance with the rights of the defendant;

•the U.S. court acted in accordance with its own procedural laws; and

•the decisions and the considerations of the U.S. court must not be contrary to Luxembourg international public policy rules or have been given in proceedings of a tax or criminal nature or rendered subsequent to an evasion of Luxembourg law (fraude à la loi). Awards of damages made under civil liabilities provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws, or other laws, which are classified by Luxembourg courts as being of a penal or punitive nature (for example, fines or punitive damages), might not be recognized by Luxembourg courts. Ordinarily, an award of monetary damages would not be considered as a penalty, but if the monetary damages include punitive damages, such punitive damages may be considered a penalty.

In addition, actions brought in a Luxembourg court against us, the members of our Board, or our officers to enforce liabilities based on U.S. federal securities laws may be subject to certain restrictions. In particular, Luxembourg courts generally do not award punitive damages. Litigation in Luxembourg also is subject to rules of procedure that differ from the U.S. rules, including, with respect to the taking and admissibility of evidence, the conduct of the proceedings and the allocation of costs. Proceedings in Luxembourg would have to be conducted in the Luxembourgish, French or German language, and all documents submitted to the court would, in principle, have to be translated into Luxembourgish, French or German. For these reasons, it may be difficult for a U.S. investor to bring an original action in a Luxembourg court predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us, the members of our Board, or our officers. In addition, even if a judgment against us, the non-U.S. members of our Board, or our officers based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws is obtained, a U.S. investor may not be able to enforce it in U.S. or Luxembourg courts.

Our directors and officers have entered into, or will enter into, indemnification agreements with us. Under such agreements, the directors and officers will be entitled to indemnification from us to the fullest extent permitted by Luxembourg law against liability and expenses reasonably incurred or paid by him or her in connection with any claim, action, suit, or proceeding in which he or she would be involved by virtue of his or her being or having been a director or officer and against amounts paid or incurred by him or her in the settlement thereof. Luxembourg law permits us to keep directors indemnified against any expenses, judgments, fines and amounts paid in connection with liability of a director towards us or a third party for management errors i.e., for wrongful acts committed during the execution of the mandate (mandat) granted to the director by us, except in connection with criminal offenses, gross negligence or fraud. The rights to and obligations of indemnification among or between us and any of our current or former directors and officers are generally governed by the laws of Luxembourg and subject to the jurisdiction of the Luxembourg courts, unless such rights or obligations do not relate to or arise out of such persons’ capacities listed above. Although there is doubt as to whether U.S. courts would enforce this indemnification provision in an action brought in the U.S. under U.S. federal or state securities laws, this provision could make it more difficult to obtain judgments outside Luxembourg or from non-Luxembourg jurisdictions that would apply Luxembourg law against our assets in Luxembourg.

As a company organized under the laws of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and with our registered office in Luxembourg, we are subject to Luxembourg insolvency and bankruptcy laws in the event any insolvency proceedings are initiated against us including, among other things, Council and European Parliament Regulation (EU) 2015/848 of 20 May 2015 on insolvency proceedings (recast). Should courts in another European country determine that the insolvency and bankruptcy laws of that country apply to us in accordance with and subject to such EU regulations, the courts in that country could have jurisdiction over the insolvency proceedings initiated against us. Insolvency and bankruptcy laws in Luxembourg or the relevant other European country, if any, may offer our shareholders less protection than they would have under U.S. insolvency and bankruptcy laws and make it more difficult for them to recover the amount they could expect to recover in a liquidation under U.S. insolvency and bankruptcy laws.

Our corporate affairs are governed by our articles of association and the laws of Luxembourg, including the Luxembourg Company Law (loi du 10 août 1915 sur les sociétés commerciales, telle que modifiée). The rights of our shareholders and the responsibilities of our directors and officers under Luxembourg law are different from those applicable to a corporation incorporated in the U.S. For example, under Delaware law, the Board of a Delaware corporation bears the ultimate responsibility for managing the business and affairs of a corporation. In discharging this function, directors of a Delaware corporation owe fiduciary duties of care and loyalty to the corporation and its shareholders. Luxembourg law imposes, among others, a duty on directors of a Luxembourg company to: (i) act in good faith with a view to the best interests of a company; and (ii) exercise the care, diligence, and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in a similar position and under comparable circumstances. Additionally, under Delaware law, a shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of a company to enforce a company’s rights. Under Luxembourg law, the Board has sole authority to decide whether to initiate legal action to enforce a company’s rights (other than, in certain circumstances, an action against members of our Board, which may be initiated by the general meeting of the shareholders, or, subject to certain conditions, by minority shareholders holding together at least 10% of the voting rights in the company). Further, under Luxembourg law, there may be less publicly available information about us than is regularly published by or about U.S. issuers. In addition, Luxembourg laws governing the securities of Luxembourg companies may not be as extensive as those in effect in the U.S., and Luxembourg laws and regulations in respect of corporate governance matters might not be as protective of minority shareholders as are state corporation laws in the U.S. Therefore, our shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in connection with actions taken by our directors, officers or principal shareholders than they would as shareholders of a corporation incorporated in the United States. As a result of these differences, our shareholders may have more difficulty protecting their interests than they would as shareholders of a U.S. issuer.

Pursuant to our articles of association, unless we consent in writing to an alternative forum, the U.S. federal district courts will, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, be the sole and exclusive forum for any action asserting a claim arising under the Securities Act. This forum provision prevents our shareholders from bringing claims arising under the Securities Act in a Luxembourg court, which court our shareholders may view as more convenient, cost effective or advantageous to the claims made in such action and therefore may discourage such actions.

The Securities Act forum provision is not intended by us to limit the forum available to our shareholders for actions or proceedings asserting claims arising under the Exchange Act.

The validity and enforceability of such exclusive forum clause cannot be confirmed under Luxembourg law. If a court were to find the exclusive forum clause to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

A PFIC is any foreign (i.e., non-U.S.) corporation with respect to which either: (i) 75% or more of the gross income for a taxable year constitutes passive income for purposes of the PFIC rules, or (ii) 50% or more of such foreign corporation’s assets in any taxable year (generally based on the quarterly average of the value of its assets during such year) is attributable to assets that produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income. Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, certain royalties and rents, annuities, net gains from the sale or exchange of property producing such income and net foreign currency gains. If we are or become a PFIC for any taxable year or any portion thereof during which a United States person holds our Ordinary Shares or Warrants (such person, a “U.S. Holder”), certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences may apply to such U.S. Holder.

As of the date of this annual report on Form 10-K, we have not made a determination as to our PFIC status for our current or preceding taxable year. Whether we are treated as a PFIC for any taxable year is a factual determination that can only be made after the close of such taxable year and, thus, is subject to significant uncertainty and change. Accordingly, there can be no assurances with respect to our status as a PFIC for any taxable year. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the possible application of the PFIC rules to their investment in our Ordinary Shares or Warrants.

If a United States person is treated as owning (directly, indirectly or constructively) at least 10% of the value or voting power of our Ordinary Shares, such person may be treated as a “United States shareholder” with respect to each of PSSA and our direct and indirect subsidiaries (“PSSA Group”) that is a controlled foreign corporation ("CFC") for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If the PSSA Group includes one or more U.S. subsidiaries, certain of our non-U.S. subsidiaries could be treated as CFCs regardless of whether we are treated as a CFC. The PSSA Group currently includes a U.S. subsidiary.

A United States shareholder of a CFC may be subject to adverse income inclusion and reporting requirements. Failure to comply with these reporting obligations (or related tax payment obligations) may subject such United States shareholder to significant monetary penalties and may prevent the statute of limitations with respect to such United States shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax return for the year for which reporting or payment of tax was due from starting. We cannot provide any assurances that we will assist holders in determining whether any of its non-U.S. subsidiaries is treated as a CFC or whether any holder is treated as a United States shareholder with respect to any of such CFCs or furnish to any holder information that may be necessary to comply with reporting and tax paying obligations.

Our tax filings are subject to audits by tax authorities in the various jurisdictions in which we do business. These audits may result in assessments of additional taxes that are subsequently resolved with the taxing authorities or through the courts. Currently, we believe there are no outstanding assessments whose resolution would result in a material adverse financial result. However, we cannot offer assurances that unasserted or potential future assessments would not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

New income, sales, use or other tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations or ordinances could be enacted at any time, which could adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results. Further, existing tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations or ordinances could be interpreted, changed, modified or applied adversely to us. For example, the Inflation Reduction Act (“IRA”) was enacted in the United States on August 16, 2022. Among other provisions, the IRA included a new corporate alternative minimum tax on adjusted financial statement income and an excise tax on certain corporate share repurchases. While we do not currently anticipate that the IRA will have a material effect on our financial performance, we will continue to monitor its potential impact as new information and guidance becomes available.

We expect to devote substantial financial resources to our ongoing and planned activities. We expect our expenses to continue to increase as our volumes and revenues increase. Furthermore, we expect to incur additional costs associated with operating as a public company. Accordingly, we may need to obtain additional capital to fund our continuing operations.

We believe that our existing cash and other resources will be sufficient to fund our operations and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months; however, these assumptions are based on estimates that may be wrong. As a result, we could deplete our capital resources sooner than we currently expect.

In the event that we require additional financing, we may not be able to raise such financing on terms acceptable to us or at all. In addition, we may seek additional capital due to favorable market conditions or strategic considerations, even if we believe we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans. If we are unable to raise additional capital on terms acceptable to us or at all or generate cash flows necessary to maintain or expand our operations and invest in our business, we may not be able to compete successfully, which would harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In the ordinary course of our business, we store sensitive data, including intellectual property, our proprietary business information and that of our customers, suppliers and business partners, and personally identifiable information of our employees in our information technology systems, including in our data servers and on our networks. The secure processing, maintenance and transmission of this data is critical to our operations. Despite our security measures, our information technology systems may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or breached or disrupted due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions. Any such attack, breach or disruption could compromise our information technology systems and the information stored in them could be accessed, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen and our business operations could be disrupted. Any such access, disclosure or other loss of information or business disruption could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information, and damage to our reputation, which could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We have a significant concentration of our manufacturing facilities. Natural disasters and severe weather events (such as hurricanes, earthquakes, fires, floods, landslides and wind or hailstorms) or other extraordinary events subject us to property loss and business interruption. Illegal or unethical conduct by employees, customers, vendors and unaffiliated third parties can also impact our business. Other potential liabilities arising out of our operations may involve claims by employees, customers or third parties for personal injury, product liability or property damage and potential fines and penalties in connection with alleged violations of regulatory requirements.

In certain instances, our insurance may not fully cover an insured loss depending on the magnitude and nature of the claim. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that we will not be exposed to uninsured or underinsured losses that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, changes in the cost of insurance or the availability of insurance in the future could substantially increase our costs to maintain our current level of coverage or could cause us to reduce our insurance coverage.

We receive, store and process personal information and other data from and about customers in addition to our employees and services providers. Our handling of data is subject to a variety of laws and regulations, including regulation

The U.S. federal and various state governments have adopted or proposed limitations on the collection, distribution, use, storage and security of data relating to individuals, including the use of contact information and other data for marketing, advertising and other communications with individuals and businesses. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (the “CCPA”) became effective January 1, 2020. The CCPA requires covered businesses to, among other things, make new disclosures to consumers about their data collection, use, and sharing practices, and allows consumers to opt out of certain data sharing with third parties. The CCPA also provides a new private cause of action for certain data breaches. The California Privacy Rights Act (the “CPRA”) which will become effective on January 1, 2023, will significantly modify the CCPA, and also create a new state agency that will be vested with authority to implement and enforce the CCPA and the CPRA. The effects of the CCPA and the CPRA are potentially significant and may require us to incur substantial costs and expenses in an effort to comply and increase our potential exposure to regulatory enforcement and/or litigation. States such as Virginia have enacted and we expect additional states may also enact legislation similar to the CCPA and CPRA. Additionally, the FTC and many state attorneys general are interpreting federal and state consumer protection laws as imposing standards for the online collection, use, dissemination and security of data.

Several foreign countries and governmental bodies, including the European Union, have laws and regulations dealing with the handling and processing of personal information obtained from their residents, which in certain cases are more restrictive than those in the United States, and we expect additional jurisdictions may enact similar regulations. Laws and regulations in these jurisdictions apply broadly to the collection, use, storage, disclosure and security of various types of data, including data that identifies or may be used to identify an individual, such as names, email addresses and in some jurisdictions, Internet Protocol addresses. Within the European Union, legislators have adopted the General Data Protection Regulation (the “GDPR”) which became effective in May 2018. The GDPR includes more stringent operational requirements for processors and controllers of personal data than previous EU data protection laws and imposes significant penalties for non-compliance.

These domestic and foreign laws and regulations relating to privacy and data security are evolving, can be subject to significant change and may result in ever-increasing regulatory and public scrutiny and escalating levels of enforcement and sanctions. Interpretation of certain requirements remains unclear and may evolve, in particular for regulations that have recently been enacted. Application of laws may be inconsistent or may conflict among jurisdictions resulting in additional complexity and increased legal risk. In addition, these regulations have increased our compliance costs and may impair our ability to grow our business or offer our service in some locations, may subject us to liability for non-compliance, may require us to modify our data processing and transferring practices and policies and may strain our technical capabilities.

We also handle credit card and other personal information. Due to the sensitive nature of such information, we have implemented procedures in an effort to preserve and protect our data and our customers’ data against loss, misuse, corruption, misappropriation caused by systems failures, unauthorized access or misuse. Notwithstanding these procedures, we could be subject to liability claims by individuals and customers whose data resides in our databases for the misuse of that information. If we fail to meet appropriate compliance levels, this could negatively impact our ability to utilize credit cards as a method of payment, and/or collect and store credit card information, which could disrupt our business.

We may be subject to rules of the FTC, the Federal Communications Commission (the “FCC”) and potentially other federal agencies and state laws related to commercial electronic mail and other messages. Compliance with these provisions may limit our ability to send certain types of messages. If we were found to have violated such rules and regulations, we may face enforcement actions by the FTC or FCC or face civil penalties, either of which could adversely affect our business.

Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with laws, regulations, policies, legal or contractual obligations, industry standards, or regulatory guidance relating to privacy or data security, may result in governmental investigations and enforcement actions, litigation, fines and penalties or adverse publicity, and could cause our customers and partners to lose trust in us, which could have an adverse effect on our reputation and business. We expect that there will continue to be new proposed laws, regulations and industry standards relating to privacy, data protection, marketing, consumer communications, information security and local data residency in the United States, the European Union and other jurisdictions, and we cannot determine the impact such future laws, regulations and standards may have on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic and our business may continue to be adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The spread of COVID-19 had a material economic effect on our business due to government-imposed restrictions on travel and shelter-in-place orders, increased teleworking, a reduction in business travel and disrupted supply chains worldwide. Although our business and operations have returned to pre-COVID levels, should we experience another COVID-19-like virus outbreak in the future with similar restrictions, we would anticipate a similar impact on our business.

Our success depends on the continuing services of certain members of the current management team. Our executive team are incentivized by share-based compensation grants that align the interests of investors with the executive team and certain executives have employment agreements. The loss of key management, employees or third-party contractors could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, the success of our operations will largely depend upon our ability to successfully attract and maintain competent and qualified key management personnel. As with any company with limited resources, there can be no guarantee that we will be able to attract such individuals or that the presence of such individuals will necessarily translate into profitability for our company. If we are successful in attracting and retaining such individuals, it is likely that our payroll costs and related expenses will increase significantly and that there will be additional dilution to existing shareholders as a result of equity incentives that may need to be issued to such management personnel. Our inability to attract and retain key personnel may materially and adversely affect our business operations. Any failure by our management to effectively anticipate, implement, and manage personnel required to sustain our growth would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

None.

The following table indicates our principal manufacturing, distribution and equipment service locations and the reportable segment that makes major use of them; headquarter locations are also included. Except as otherwise indicated, we lease these facilities.

			Fire Safety						Specialty Products
Rancho Cucamonga, California			X
McClellan Park, California			X
Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada			X
Sturgeon County, Alberta, Canada			X
Aix-En-Provence, France			X
New South Wales, Australia			X
Green Bay, Wisconsin*			X
Mieres, Spain*			X
Post Falls, Idaho			X
Moreland, Idaho			X
Knapsack, Germany									X
Sauget, Illinois†									X
Clayton, Missouri (Corporate Headquarters)
Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (Executive Headquarters)
*Owned
†Tolling facility

We are involved in various claims, actions, and legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business, including a number of matters related to the aqueous film forming foam litigation consolidated in the District of South Carolina multi-district litigation and other similar matters pending in other jurisdictions in the United States. Our exposure to losses, if any, is not considered probable or reasonably estimable at this time.

Not Applicable.

Our Ordinary Shares are traded on the NYSE under the symbol “PRM.” As of February 24, 2023, the closing price of our Ordinary Shares on the NYSE was $8.67 and we had 46 shareholders of record.

In accordance with the Luxembourg company law, from our annual net profits, at least 5% shall each year be allocated to a reserve (the “Legal Reserve”). That allocation to the Legal Reserve will cease to be required as soon and as long as the Legal Reserve amounts to 10% of the amount of our share capital. The general meeting of shareholders has the power to make a resolution on the payment of dividends upon the recommendation of our Board. In deciding whether to recommend any future dividend, the Board would take into account any legal or contractual limitation, our actual and anticipated future earnings, cash flows, debt service and capital requirements, our business plans and such other matters as the Board believes appropriate, in its discretion. We anticipate that any available cash will be retained by us to satisfy our operational and other cash needs, accordingly, we do not expect to pay any cash dividend on our Ordinary Shares in the foreseeable future.

The performance graph below compares the cumulative total shareholder return of a hypothetical investment in our Ordinary Shares with the cumulative total return of a hypothetical investment in each of the Russell 2000 Index and the S&P Smallcap 600 Materials Index. An investment of $100 (with reinvestment of all dividends) is assumed to have been made in our Ordinary Shares and in each of the indexes on November 9, 2021, and its relative performance is tracked through December 31, 2022. The share price performance of our Ordinary Shares is not necessarily indicative of future performance.

The above information under the caption “Performance Graph” shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act except to the extent we specifically request that such information be treated as “soliciting material” or specifically incorporate such information by reference into such a filing.

Below is a summary of Ordinary Share repurchases for the quarter ended December 31, 2022.

			Total Number of Shares Purchased						Average Price Paid per Share						Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs						Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plan or Program (1)
October 1, 2022 - October 31, 2022			4,934,376						$	7.55					4,934,376						34,806,665
November 1, 2022 - November 30, 2022			584,144						$	7.58					584,144						34,222,521
December 1, 2022 -December 31, 2022			—						$	—					—						34,222,521
Total			5,518,520						$	7.55					5,518,520

(1)On December 7, 2021, subject to the approval of the shareholders’ of the Company, the Board authorized a share repurchase plan (the “Share Repurchase Plan”). The Share Repurchase Plan allows the Company, which includes any subsidiary of the Company, to repurchase up to $100.0 million of its issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares at any time during the next 24 months or, if different, such other timeframe as approved by the shareholders of the Company. On July 21, 2022, subject to certain limits, the shareholders’ of the Company approved a proposal authorizing the Board to repurchase up to 25% of the Company’s Ordinary Shares outstanding as of the date of the shareholders’ approval, being 40,659,257 Ordinary Shares, at any time during the next five years. On November 3, 2022, the Board re-established the limit for Ordinary Share repurchases at $100.0 million, which is within the repurchase limit approved by Company’s shareholders’ on July 21, 2022.

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this Annual Report. This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, such statements are subject to the “safe harbor” created by those sections and involve risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information available to our management as of the date hereof. As a result of many factors, such as those set forth under Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report, our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements publicly, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future.

PSSA, a public company limited by shares (société anonyme) was incorporated on June 21, 2021 under the laws of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg for the purpose of effecting a business combination. PSSA is headquartered in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg with global operations in North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific.

On November 8, 2019, EverArc was formed for the purpose of undertaking an acquisition of one target company or business. EverArc completed its initial public offering on December 17, 2019 by placing 34,000,000 EverArc Ordinary Shares and accompanying EverArc Warrants and completed an additional offering on January 15, 2020 by issuing 6,800,000 EverArc Ordinary Shares with no accompanying EverArc Warrants, generating net proceeds of $401.0 million. The net proceeds were not placed in any trust or escrow account but were instead held in U.S. Treasuries or money market fund instruments to be used to fund an initial business combination. EverArc Ordinary Shares and EverArc Warrants were listed for trading on the London Stock Exchange under the symbols “EVRA,” and “EVWA,” respectively.

Merger Sub was also formed solely in contemplation of a business combination. Neither EverArc nor Merger Sub had commenced any operations, had only nominal assets and had no liabilities or contingent liabilities, nor any outstanding commitments other than those in connection with contemplated business combination.

On the Closing Date, PSSA consummated the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination with EverArc, SK Holdings, Perimeter Solutions and Merger Sub pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement dated June 15, 2021.

Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement,

•On November 8, 2021:

•Merger Sub merged with and into EverArc, with EverArc surviving the Merger as a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of PSSA;

•pursuant to the Merger, 155,832,600 EverArc Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately prior to the Merger were exchanged for Ordinary Shares; and

•34,020,000 outstanding EverArc Warrants, in each case, with each whole warrant entitling the holder thereof to purchase one-fourth of one EverArc Ordinary Share at an exercise price of $12.00 per whole EverArc Ordinary Share, were converted into the right to purchase Warrants; and

On November 8, 2021, EverArc Ordinary Shares and EverArc Warrants were formally delisted from the London Stock Exchange and pursuant to the Subscription Agreements the EverArc Subscribers purchased an aggregate of 115,000,000 EverArc Ordinary Shares at $10.00 per share that were converted into Ordinary Shares pursuant to the Merger.

•On November 9, 2021:

•SK Holdings (i) along with officers and certain key employees of SK Intermediate contributed a portion of their ordinary shares in SK Intermediate to PSSA in exchange for 10 million 6.50% Redeemable Preferred Shares of PSSA (“Redeemable Preferred Shares"), nominal value of $10.00 per share, valued at $100.0 million and (ii) sold its remaining ordinary shares in SK Intermediate for approximately $1,900.0 million in cash subject to certain customary adjustments for working capital, transaction expenses, cash and indebtedness;

•the Ordinary Shares were listed and began trading on the NYSE under the symbol "PRM";

•the Management Subscribers were granted an aggregate of 1,104,810 Ordinary Shares at $10.00 per share as consideration and the Director Subscribers purchased an aggregate of 200,000 Ordinary Shares at $10.00 per share; and

•$675.0 million Senior Notes issued by EverArc Escrow S.à r.l. (“Escrow Issuer”), a newly-formed limited liability company governed by the laws of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and a wholly owned subsidiary of EverArc under an indenture dated as of October 22, 2021 was assumed by SK Invictus Intermediate II S.à r.l., a société à responsabilité limitée (limited liability company) governed by the laws of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (“SK Intermediate II.”)

The cash consideration for the Business Combination was funded through cash on hand, proceeds from the sale of the EverArc Ordinary Shares to the EverArc Subscribers, proceeds from the issuance of Senior Notes and borrowings under our revolving credit facility.

In connection with the Business Combination, the Merger was accounted for as a common control transaction, where substantially all of the net assets of PSSA will be those previously held by EverArc. Upon the acquisition of SK Intermediate, PSSA was determined to be the Successor and SK Intermediate was deemed to be the Predecessor. The business combination with SK Intermediate was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and the Successor financial statements reflect a new basis of accounting based on the fair value of the net assets acquired. As a result of the application of the acquisition method of accounting, our consolidated financial statements and certain presentations are separated into two distinct periods to indicate the different ownership and accounting basis between the periods presented, the period before the consummation of the Business Combination, which includes the period from January 1, 2021 to November 8, 2021 (the “2021 Predecessor Period”) and the year ended December 31, 2020 (the “2020 Predecessor Period”); and the period on and after the consummation of the Business Combination, from the Closing Date to December 31, 2021 (the “2021 Successor Period”).

SK Intermediate was formed by SK Capital Partners IV-A, L.P. and SK Capital Partners IV-A, L.P. (collectively, the “Sponsor”) on February 12, 2018 and commenced operations on the same date.

We are a global solutions provider, producing high-quality firefighting products and lubricant additives. Approximately 74% of our annual revenues is derived in the United States, approximately 15% in Europe, approximately 5% in Canada and approximately 2% in Mexico, respectively, and remaining approximately 4% across various other countries.

Our business is organized and managed in two reporting segments: Fire Safety and Specialty Products (formerly Oil Additives).

The Fire Safety business is a formulator and manufacturer of fire management products that help our customers combat various types of fires, including wildland, structural, flammable liquids and other types of fires. Our Fire Safety business also offers specialized equipment and services, typically in conjunction with our fire management products to support firefighting operations. Our specialized equipment includes air base retardant storage, mixing, and delivery equipment; mobile retardant bases; retardant ground application units; mobile foam equipment; and equipment that we custom design and manufacture to meet specific customer needs. Our service network can meet the emergency resupply needs of over 150 air tanker bases in North America, as well as many other customer locations globally. The segment is built on the premise of superior technology, exceptional responsiveness to our customers’ needs, and a “never-fail” service network. Significant end markets include primarily government-related entities and are dependent on approvals, qualifications, and permits granted by the respective governments and commercial customers around the world.

In June 2022, the Oil Additives segment, which produces and sells P2S5, was renamed the Specialty Products segment to better reflect the current and expanding applications for P2S5 in several end markets and applications, including lubricant additives, various agricultural applications, various mining applications, and emerging electric battery technologies. Within the lubricant additive end market, currently the Company’s largest end market application, P2S5 is primarily used in the production of a family of compounds called ZDDP, which is considered an essential component in the formulation of engine oils with its main function to provide anti-wear protection to engine components. In addition, ZDDP inhibits oxidation of engine oil by scavenging free radicals that initiate oil breakdown and sludge formation, resulting in better and longer engine function. P2S5 is also used in pesticide and mining chemicals applications. We offer several grades of P2S5 with varying degrees of phosphorus content, particle size, distribution, and reactivity to global customers.

During the third quarter of 2022, we completed a re-organization into seven business units within our two reporting segments. The business unit structure is meant to promote the decentralized execution and accountability, and maintain the geography- and product-specific focus and granularity, necessary to drive continued improvement in our key operational value drivers. Our key operational value drivers are profitable new business, pricing our products and services to the value they provide, and continued productivity improvements. Each business unit has a business unit manager, who is responsible for achieving targeted financial and operational results.

In connection with preparing this Annual Report we determined that:

•the technical requirements under ASC 718 for establishing a grant date on the date when the PBNQSO were awarded to employees and non-employees were not met since a mutual understanding of the terms and conditions did not exist as our compensation committee has the ability to adjust, at its discretion, how AOP against the performance target will be measured. Consequently, the service inception date of these PBNQSO precedes the grant date and we should have recognized compensation expense beginning on the service inception date and remeasured the fair value of the PBNQSO at the end of each reporting period until a grant date is established. Under the previously applied accounting treatment, we recorded compensation costs based on the grant date fair value calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model (the “Stock Options Error”); and

•the amortization of the step-up in basis of inventory, which is a non-cash adjustment to inventory cost established at the time of Business Combination was understated during the period from November 9, 2021 through December 31, 2021 (the “Inventory Amortization Error”).

Management evaluated the effect of the Stock Options Error and the Inventory Amortization Error on our previously issued consolidated financial statements under ASC 250, “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections”, Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 99, “Materiality”, and Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108, “Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements” and concluded that:

•the Stock Options Error and the Inventory Amortization Error were material to the previously issued September 2022 Quarter and June 2022 Quarter, and, as a result, such unaudited financial statements should be restated;

•Stock Options Error and the Inventory Amortization Error were immaterial to the previously issued March 2022 Quarter, and, as a result, such unaudited financial statements should be revised.

•Inventory Amortization Error was immaterial to the previously issued December 2021 Period, and, as a result, such financial statements should be revised.

This Annual Report includes (1) unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the September 2022 Quarter and the June 2022 Quarter with modifications as necessary to reflect the restatement, (2) unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the March 2022 Quarter with modifications as necessary to reflect revisions for correcting immaterial errors and (3) consolidated financial statements for the December 2021 Period with modifications as necessary to reflect revisions for correcting an immaterial error to the following items: Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors, Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data and Part II, Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

We do not plan to amend previously issued September 2022 Quarter and June 2022 Quarter quarterly reports in connection with the restatement. Accordingly, investors should no longer rely upon our previously released financial statements and any earnings releases or other financial communications relating to this period. The condensed consolidated financial statements that have been previously filed or otherwise reported for this period are superseded by the information in this Annual Report. Unless otherwise stated, all financial and accounting information contained in this Annual Report has been revised to reflect the corrected presentation.

In connection with the restatement, management has assessed the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Based on this assessment, management identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, resulting in the conclusion by our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer that our internal control

over financial reporting and our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2022. Management is taking steps to remediate the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, as described in Part II, Item 9A, “Controls and Procedures.”

We believe that our Fire Safety segment benefits from several secular growth drivers, including increasing fire severity, as measured by higher acres burned, longer fire seasons and a growing wildland urban interface resulting in a need for higher quantity of retardant use per acre and thereby increasing airtanker capacity. We believe that these trends are prevalent in North America, as well as globally.

We are also attempting to grow our fire prevention and protection business, which is primarily focused on high hazard industries like electrical utilities, railroads and transportation agencies. Fire prevention products can be used to prevent fire ignitions and protect property from potential fire danger by providing proactive retardant treatment in high-risk areas. Treating these areas ahead of the fire season can potentially stop ignitions from equipment failures or sparks. Our new Phos-Chek Fortify product, applied before or early in the fire season, can provide long-term protection until a significant rainfall event. In addition, Phos-Chek Fortify can proactively be applied to protect high value assets and critical infrastructure from the danger of wildfire.

We expect these trends to continue in 2023 and beyond and drive growth in demand for fire retardant products. We have invested and also intend to continue investing in the expansion our fire safety business through acquisitions in order to further grow our global customer base. Acquisitions and divestitures during the most recent two fiscal years are described in Note 3, “Business Acquisitions,” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report.

Our business is highly dependent on the needs of government agencies to suppress fires. As such, our financial condition and results of operations are significantly impacted by weather as well as environmental and other factors affecting climate change, which impact the number and severity of fires in any given year. Historically, sales of our products have been higher in the summer season of each fiscal year due to weather patterns which are generally correlated to a higher prevalence of wildfires. This is in part offset by the disbursement of our operations in both the northern and southern hemispheres, where the summer seasons alternate.

In February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine. While we have limited exposure in Russia and Ukraine, we continue to monitor any broader impact to the global economy, including with respect to inflation, supply chains and fuel prices. The full impact of the conflict on our business and financial results remains uncertain and will depend on the severity and duration of the conflict and its impact on regional and global economic conditions.

During fiscal 2021 and continuing into the current fiscal year, global commodity and labor markets experienced significant inflationary pressures attributable to ongoing economic recovery and supply chain issues. We are subject to inflationary pressures with respect to raw materials, labor and transportation. Accordingly, we continue to take actions with our customers and suppliers to mitigate the impact of these inflationary pressures in the future. Actions to mitigate inflationary pressures with suppliers include aggregation of purchase requirements to achieve optimal volume benefits, negotiation of cost-reductions and identification of more cost competitive suppliers. While these actions are designed to offset the impact of inflationary pressures, we cannot provide assurance that they will be successful in fully offsetting increased costs resulting from inflationary pressure. Interest payments for borrowings under our revolving credit facility are based on variable rates. As a result, any continued increase in interest rates may reduce our cash flow available for other corporate purposes.

The pandemic caused by an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19 that began in December 2019 introduced significant volatility to the global health and economic environment, including millions of confirmed COVID-19 cases, business slowdowns or shutdowns, government challenges and market volatility throughout 2020 into 2022.

While the ongoing impact from the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, disruptions to supply chains, transportation efficiency, and availability of raw materials and labor continue to persist. The exact pace and timing of the economic recovery remains uncertain and is expected to continue to be uneven depending on various factors. As the consequences of the pandemic and adverse impact to the global economy continue to evolve, the future adverse impact on our business and financial statements remains subject to uncertainty as of the date of this filing.

We have prepared our discussion of the results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 by comparing the results for the year ended December 31, 2022 with the combined amounts for 2021 Successor Period and the 2021 Predecessor Period (“S/P Combined”) as the Successor and Predecessor entities are expected to be largely consistent, excluding the impact on certain financial statement line items that were impacted by the Business Combination such as depreciation and amortization expense on PSSA’s property, plant, and equipment and intangible asset balances made under the new basis of accounting. We believe this approach provides the most meaningful basis of comparison and is more useful in discussing our overall operating performance when compared to the same period in the prior year.

The combined results of operations included in our discussion below are not considered to be prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP (“non-U.S. GAAP”) and have not been prepared as pro forma results under applicable regulations, may not reflect the actual results we would have achieved had the Business Combination occurred at the beginning of fiscal 2021, and should not be viewed as a substitute for the results of operations of the 2021 Successor Period and the 2021 Predecessor presented in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

The following table sets forth our results of operations for each of the periods indicated. The change column reflects the comparison of the year ended December 31, 2022 with the S/P Combined (“2021”) (in thousands):

			Successor															Predecessor												Change
			Year Ended December 31, 2022						November 9, 2021 Through December 31, 2021									January 1, 2021 Through November 8, 2021						(non-GAAP) S/P Combined
																														$						%
Net sales			$	360,505					$	21,023								$	341,315					$	362,338					$	(1,833)					(1		%)
Cost of goods sold			217,853						23,710									172,136						195,846						22,007						11		%
Gross profit			142,652						(2,687)									169,179						166,492						(23,840)						(14		%)
Operating expenses
Selling, general and administrative expense			74,319						16,982									38,981						55,963						18,356						33		%
Amortization expense			55,105						8,004									45,424						53,428						1,677						3		%
Founders advisory fees - related party			(117,302)						652,990									—						652,990						(770,292)						(118		%)
Other operating expense			465						92									4,153						4,245						(3,780)						(89		%)
Total operating expenses			12,587						678,068									88,558						766,626						(754,039)						(98		%)
Operating income (loss)			130,065						(680,755)									80,621						(600,134)						730,199						(122		%)
Other expense (income):
Interest expense, net			42,585						6,352									39,087						45,439						(2,854)						(6		%)
(Gain) loss on contingent earn-out			(12,706)						198									2,965						3,163						(15,869)						(502		%)
Unrealized foreign currency loss			3,462						1,006									4,026						5,032						(1,570)						(31		%)
Other (income) expense, net			(503)						(2)									(222)						(224)						(279)						125		%
Total other expense, net			32,838						7,554									45,856						53,410						(20,572)						(39		%)
Income (loss) before income taxes			97,227						(688,309)									34,765						(653,544)						750,771						(115		%)
Income tax (expense) benefit			(5,469)						6,160									(14,136)						(7,976)						2,507						(31		%)
Net income (loss)			$	91,758					$	(682,149)								$	20,629					$	(661,520)					$	753,278					(114		%)

Net Sales. Net sales decreased by $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. Net sales in the Fire Safety segment decreased by $34.6 million, representing lower fire retardant sales of $42.5 million offset by a $7.9 million increase in fire suppressant sales. Fire retardant sales decreased by $44.6 million in the Americas due to a mild fire season in North America offset by increases of $1.6 million in Asia Pacific and $0.5 million in Europe. Fire retardant sales in a given geography are generally driven by the severity of the fire season in that geography. Fire suppressant sales increased by $3.1 million in the Americas driven by fluorine free foam concentrate and foam systems, $2.4 million in Asia Pacific because of higher fluorine free concentrates sales in Australia along with increased shipments to Asia and $2.4 million in Europe due to improved market share and geographic reach. Net sales in the Specialty Products segment increased by $32.8 million, of which $24.2 million was in the Americas and $8.6 million was in Europe. Specialty Product sales are primarily driven by improvement in our relevant market position in each region; as well as the adoption of our P2S5 products in several new end markets and applications.

Cost of Goods Sold. Cost of goods sold increased by $22.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. The increase in Fire Safety segment of $20.0 million was primarily due to a $21.6 million increase in amortization of inventory step-up related to the Business Combination and $1.8 million in increased labor and share-based compensation expense offset by $3.4 million in lower material and manufacturing costs. The $2.0 million increase in the Specialty Products segment was due to a $2.7 million increase in insurance costs, a $2.3 million increase in depreciation expense, a $0.9 million increase in lease expense offset by a $2.9 million decrease in amortization of step-up inventory related to the Business Combination and $1.0 million in lower raw material and manufacturing costs.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense. Selling, general and administrative expense increased by $18.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. The increase was primarily driven by a $4.2 million increase in personnel related and share-based compensation expenses, a $5.5 million increase in accounting, legal, consulting and other administrative expenses, a $5.2 million increase in insurance costs and a $3.5 million increase in logistics expenses.

Amortization Expense. Amortization expense increased by $1.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. The increase was primarily due to a $2.2 million increase in amortization expense related to definite lived intangible assets offset by a $0.5 million effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

Founder advisory fees - related party. The founder advisory fees - related party decreased by $770.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. The decrease was due to recognizing the entire liability in 2021 and recording a reduction in the fair value in 2022, primarily due to a decrease in average price from $13.63 per Ordinary Share to $8.86 per Ordinary Share, of the liability-classified Fixed and Variable Annual Advisory Amounts of $117.3 million (the Fixed Annual Advisory Amount decreased by $35.6 million and Variable Annual Advisory Amount decreased by $81.7 million) for the year ended December 31, 2022. The expense recorded for the Fixed and Variable Annual Advisory Amounts in 2021 was $653.0 million (Fixed Annual Advisory Amount of $213.3 million and Variable Annual Advisory Amount of $439.7 million). The Fixed Annual Advisory Amount is valued using the period end volume weighted average closing share price of our Ordinary Shares for ten consecutive trading days and the Variable Annual Advisory Amount at the end of each reporting period is valued using a Monte Carlo simulation model.

Interest Expense. Interest expense decreased by $2.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. The decrease was due to $11.8 million write-off of the deferred finance fees on repayment of Predecessor debt upon consummation of the Business Combination recognized in 2021, offset by $6.5 million of dividends on the 6.50% Redeemable Preferred Shares, included in interest expense, and higher interest rates on outstanding debt compared to the same period in 2021.

Gain on Contingent Earn-out. The contingent earn-out relating to the purchase of LaderaTech, Inc. decreased by $15.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021 due to a reduction in the fair value of the contingent consideration by $12.7 million in 2022 as a result of a change in the forecast of the product mix from an earn-out eligible fire retardant to the Company-developed fire retardant that is ineligible for earn-out compared to a $3.2 million increase in 2021 in the fair value of the contingent consideration.

Unrealized Foreign Currency Loss. Unrealized foreign currency loss decreased by $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. The decrease was primarily due to strengthening of the US dollar, primarily against the Euro, during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Income Tax Expense. Income tax expense decreased by $2.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021. The decrease is due primarily to changes in earnings in jurisdictions that were not covered by a valuation allowance and the impact of non-deductible compensation, non-taxable gain on contingent earn-out and accrued withholding taxes on unremitted earnings.

We use segment net sales and segment adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”), financial measures that are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), to evaluate operating performance by segment, for business planning purposes and to allocate resources. The following tables provide information for our net sales and Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands):

			Successor																											Predecessor												(non-GAAP) S/P Combined
			Year Ended December 31, 2022												November 9, 2021 Through December 31, 2021															January 1, 2021 Through November 8, 2021												Year Ended December 31, 2021
			Fire Safety						Specialty Products						Fire Safety						Specialty Products									Fire Safety						Specialty Products						Fire Safety						Specialty Products
Net sales			$	226,583					$	133,922					$	7,913					$	13,110								$	253,267					$	88,048					$	261,180					$	101,158
Adjusted EBITDA			$	77,365					$	48,026					$	(3,696)					$	1,838								$	121,589					$	21,703					$	117,893					$	23,541

Adjusted EBITDA for our Fire Safety segment for the year ended December 31, 2022 decreased by $40.5 million to $77.4 million compared to the same period in 2021. The decrease was primarily due to lower sales as a result of a mild fire season in North America and higher operating expenses offset by lower cost of goods sold.

Adjusted EBITDA for our Specialty Products segment for the year ended December 31, 2022 increased by $24.5 million to $48.0 million compared to the same period in 2021. The increase was primarily due to higher sales offset by higher cost of goods sold and operating expenses.

For a detailed discussion of our consolidated results of operations for S/P Combined compared to 2020 Predecessor Period, refer to Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations” of Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, as filed with the SEC on March 31, 2022.

The following table and discussion reflect the effect of the restatement on the results of operations for the September 2022 Quarter (in thousands):

			Three Months Ended September 30, 2022																		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
			As Reported						Adjustment						As Restated						As Reported						Adjustment						As Restated
Net sales			$	160,509					$	—					$	160,509					$	319,232					$	—					$	319,232
Cost of goods sold			74,707						(946)						73,761						191,757						(4,603)						187,154
Gross profit			85,802						946						86,748						127,475						4,603						132,078
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expense			22,381						(6,731)						15,650						64,803						(10,320)						54,483
Amortization expense			13,738						—						13,738						41,395						—						41,395
Founders advisory fees - related party			(73,713)						—						(73,713)						(154,026)						—						(154,026)
Other operating expense			(51)						—						(51)						405						—						405
Total operating expenses			(37,645)						(6,731)						(44,376)						(47,423)						(10,320)						(57,743)
Operating income			123,447						7,677						131,124						174,898						14,923						189,821
Other expense (income):
Interest expense, net			9,944						—						9,944						32,582						—						32,582
Gain on contingent earn-out			(3,644)						—						(3,644)						(13,042)						—						(13,042)
Unrealized foreign currency loss			4,705						—						4,705						8,741						—						8,741
Other income, net			(785)						—						(785)						(820)						—						(820)
Total other expense, net			10,220						—						10,220						27,461						—						27,461
Income before income taxes			113,227						7,677						120,904						147,437						14,923						162,360
Income tax (expense) benefit			(34,516)						19,839						(14,677)						(23,692)						13,449						(10,243)
Net income			$	78,711					$	27,516					$	106,227					$	123,745					$	28,372					$	152,117

Cost of Goods Sold. Cost of goods sold decreased by $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 primarily due to recognizing compensation expense based on the remeasurement of the fair value of the PBNQSO at period end using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model compared to the previously recognized compensation expense based on the grant date fair value calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Cost of goods sold decreased by $4.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 primarily due to recognizing compensation expense based on the remeasurement of the fair value of the PBNQSO at period end using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model compared to the previously recognized compensation expense based on the grant date fair value calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model of $1.4 million and a decrease in the amortization of inventory step-up related to the Business Combination of $3.2 million.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense. Selling, general and administrative expense decreased by $6.7 million and $10.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, primarily due to recognizing compensation expense based on the remeasurement of the fair value of the PBNQSO at period end using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model compared to the previously recognized compensation expense based on the grant date fair value calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.

Income Tax (Expense) Benefit. Income tax expense decreased by $19.8 million and $13.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, primarily due to the change in recognizing compensation expense related to the PBNQSO.

The following table and discussion reflect the effect of the restatement on the results of operations for the June 2022 Quarter (in thousands):

			Three Months Ended June 30, 2022																		Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
			As Reported						Adjustment						As Restated						As Reported						Adjustment						As Restated
Net sales			$	100,965					$	—					$	100,965					$	158,723					$	—					$	158,723
Cost of goods sold			72,423						(373)						72,050						117,050						(3,657)						113,393
Gross profit			28,542						373						28,915						41,673						3,657						45,330
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expense			22,614						(2,935)						19,679						42,422						(3,589)						38,833
Amortization expense			13,802						—						13,802						27,657						—						27,657
Founders advisory fees - related party			(20,465)						—						(20,465)						(80,313)						—						(80,313)
Other operating expense			260						—						260						456						—						456
Total operating expenses (income)			16,211						(2,935)						13,276						(9,778)						(3,589)						(13,367)
Operating income			12,331						3,308						15,639						51,451						7,246						58,697
Other expense (income):
Interest expense, net			12,142						—						12,142						22,638						—						22,638
Gain on contingent earn-out			(9,398)						—						(9,398)						(9,398)						—						(9,398)
Unrealized foreign currency loss			3,156						—						3,156						4,036						—						4,036
Other income, net			(200)						—						(200)						(35)						—						(35)
Total other expense, net			5,700						—						5,700						17,241						—						17,241
Income before income taxes			6,631						3,308						9,939						34,210						7,246						41,456
Income tax benefit (expense)			592						(1,604)						(1,012)						10,824						(6,390)						4,434
Net income			$	7,223					$	1,704					$	8,927					$	45,034					$	856					$	45,890

Cost of Goods Sold. Cost of goods sold decreased by $0.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 primarily due to recognizing compensation expense based on the remeasurement of the fair value of the PBNQSO at period end using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model compared to the previously recognized compensation expense based on the grant date fair value calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Cost of goods sold decreased by $3.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 primarily due to recognizing compensation expense based on the remeasurement of the fair value of the PBNQSO at period end using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model compared to the previously recognized compensation expense based on the grant date fair value calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model of $0.5 million and a decrease in the amortization of inventory step-up related to the Business Combination of $3.2 million.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense. Selling, general and administrative expense decreased by $2.9 million and $3.6 million, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, primarily due to recognizing compensation expense based on the remeasurement of the fair value of the PBNQSO at period end using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model compared to the previously recognized compensation expense based on the grant date fair value calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.

Income Tax Benefit (Expense). Income tax benefit decreased by $1.6 million and $6.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, primarily due to the change in recognizing compensation expense related to the PBNQSO.

The following table reflects the effect of revisions on the results of operations for the March 2022 Quarter (in thousands):

			Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
			As Reported						Adjustment						As Restated
Cost of goods sold			$	44,627					$	(3,284)					$	41,343
Gross profit			$	13,131					$	3,284					$	16,415
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expense			$	19,808					$	(654)					$	19,154
Total operating expenses			$	(25,989)					$	(654)					$	(26,643)
Operating income			$	39,120					$	3,938					$	43,058
Income before income taxes			$	27,579					$	3,938					$	31,517
Income tax benefit (expense)			10,232						(4,786)						5,446
Net income (loss)			$	37,811					$	(848)					$	36,963

The following table reflects the effect of revisions on the results of operations for the December 2021 Period (in thousands):

			November 9, 2021 Through December 31, 2021
			As Reported						Adjustment						As Restated
Cost of goods sold			$	20,533					$	3,177					$	23,710
Gross profit			$	490					$	(3,177)					$	(2,687)
Operating loss			$	(677,578)					$	(3,177)					$	(680,755)
Loss before income taxes			$	(685,132)					$	(3,177)					$	(688,309)
Income tax benefit			4,675						1,485						6,160
Net loss			$	(680,457)					$	(1,692)					$	(682,149)

We have historically funded our operations primarily through cash flows from operations, borrowings under our revolving credit facility, and the issuance of debt and equity securities. However, future cash flows are subject to a number of variables, including the length and severity of the fire season, growth of the wildland urban interface and the availability of air tanker capacity, higher costs from inflation, all of which could negatively impact revenues, earnings and cash flows, and potentially our liquidity if we do not moderate our expenditures accordingly.

We have the following financing arrangements in place to, among other things, fund our operations and supplement our liquidity position.

On November 9, 2021, SK Intermediate II entered into a five-year revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), which provides for a senior secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $100.0 million.

The Revolving Credit Facility matures on November 9, 2026. The Revolving Credit Facility includes a $20.0 million swingline sub-facility and a $25.0 million letter of credit sub-facility. The Revolving Credit Facility allows Invictus II to increase commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility up to an aggregate amount not to exceed the greater of (i) $143.0 million and (ii) 100.00% of consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA") for the most recent four-quarter period (minus the aggregate outstanding principal amount of certain ratio debt permitted to be incurred thereunder). All borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility are subject to the satisfaction of customary conditions, including the absence of a default and the accuracy of representations and warranties, subject to certain exceptions.

Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to (i) an applicable margin, plus (ii) at Invictus II’s option, either (x) LIBOR determined by reference to the cost of funds for U.S. dollar deposits for the interest period relevant to such borrowing, adjusted for certain additional costs (but which will not be less than a 0.00% LIBOR

As of December 31, 2022, the Company did not have any outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility and was in compliance with all covenants, including the financial covenants.

On November 9, 2021, SK Intermediate II assumed $675.0 million principal amount of 5.00% senior secured notes due October 30, 2029 issued by Escrow Issuer under an indenture dated as of October 22, 2021 (“Indenture”). The Senior Notes bear interest at an annual rate of 5.00%. Interest on the Senior Notes is payable in cash semi-annually in arrears on April 30 and October 30 of each year, commencing on April 30, 2022.

The Senior Notes are general, secured, senior obligations of SK Intermediate II; rank equally in right of payment with all existing and future senior indebtedness of SK Intermediate II (including, without limitation, the Revolving Credit Facility); and together with the Revolving Credit Facility, are effectively senior to all existing and future indebtedness of Invictus II that is not secured by the collateral.

For additional information about our long-term debt, refer to Note 7, “Long-Term Debt and Redeemable Preferred Shares,” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report.

Share Repurchase Plan

On July 21, 2022, subject to certain limits, the shareholders’ of the Company approved a proposal authorizing the Board to repurchase up to 25% of the Company’s Ordinary Shares outstanding as of the date of the shareholders’ approval, being 40,659,257 Ordinary Shares, at any time during the next five years. On November 3, 2022, the Board re-established the limit for Ordinary Share repurchases at $100.0 million, which is within the repurchase limit approved by Company’s shareholder on July 21, 2022.

The Company repurchased 6,436,736 Ordinary Shares for the year ended December 31, 2022, of which 597,513 Ordinary Shares were repurchased on behalf of a wholly-owned subsidiary. The repurchased Ordinary Shares were recorded at cost and are being held in treasury.

For additional information about our Share Repurchase Plan, refer to Item 5, "Market for the Company’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities," and Note 10, “Equity,” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report.

On December 12, 2019, EverArc and the EverArc Founder Entity entered into the Founder Advisory Agreement to provide incentives to the EverArc Founders to achieve EverArc’s, and following the Merger, the Company’s, objectives. In exchange for the services provided to the Company, including strategic and capital allocation advice, the EverArc Founder Entity will be entitled to receive both a Fixed Annual Advisory Amount and a Variable Annual Advisory Amount until the years ending December 31, 2027 and 2031, respectively. Under the Founder Advisory Agreement, at the election of the EverArc Founder Entity, at least 50% of the Advisory Amounts will be paid in Ordinary Shares and the remainder in cash.

The Fixed Annual Advisory Amount will be equal to 2,357,061 Ordinary Shares (1.5% of 157,137,410 Ordinary Shares outstanding as of November 9, 2021) for each year through December 31, 2027 and valued using the period end

As of December 31, 2022, the Advisory Amounts payable to the EverArc Founder Entity over the term of the Founder Advisory Agreement was $341.4 million. The fair value of the Fixed Annual Advisory Amount was calculated to be $104.4 million based on the period end volume weighted average closing share price for ten consecutive trading days of Ordinary Shares of $8.86 and the fair value of the Variable Annual Advisory Amount was determined to be $237.0 million using a Monte Carlo simulation model.

For 2022, the EverArc Founder Entity is entitled to receive Fixed Annual Advisory Amount of 2,357,061 Ordinary Shares or a value of $20.9 million, based on average price of $8.86 per Ordinary Share (the “2022 Fixed Amount”). The EverArc Founder Entity did not qualify to receive Variable Annual Advisory Amount for 2022 as average price of $8.86 per Ordinary Share for 2022 was lower than the average price of $13.63 per Ordinary Share established for 2021. The EverArc Founder Entity elected to receive approximately 77.7% of the 2022 Advisory Amounts in Ordinary Shares (1,831,653 Ordinary Shares) and approximately 22.3% of the Advisory Amounts in cash ($4.7 million). On February 15, 2023, the Company issued 1,831,653 Ordinary Shares and paid $4.7 million in cash in satisfaction of 2022 Advisory Amounts.

For additional information about the Founder Advisory Agreement, refer to Note 13, “Related Parties,” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report.

We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents of approximately $126.8 million as of December 31, 2022, net cash flows generated from operations and availability under the Revolving Credit Facility will be sufficient to meet our current capital expenditures, working capital, founders’ advisory fee payments and debt service requirements for at least 12 months from the filing date of this Annual Report. Our fiscal year 2023 capital expenditure budget is $10 million, which we expect will cover both our maintenance and growth capital expenditures. We may also utilize borrowings available to us under various other financing sources, including the issuance of equity and/or debt securities through public offerings or private placements, to fund our acquisitions, pay the Advisory Amounts and meet long-term liquidity needs. Our ability to complete future offerings of equity or debt securities and the timing of these offerings will depend upon various factors including prevailing market conditions and our financial condition.

The following table presents the sources and uses of our cash for the periods presented (in thousands):

			Successor															Predecessor
			Year Ended December 31, 2022						November 9, 2021 Through December 31, 2021									January 1, 2021 Through November 8, 2021						Year Ended December 31, 2020
Cash (used in) provided by:
Operating activities			$	(40,172)					$	4,359								$	67,991					$	70,826
Investing activities			(10,251)						(1,210,623)									(15,746)						(9,467)
Financing activities			(48,812)						(697,221)									(64,210)						(45,610)
Effect of foreign currency on cash and cash equivalents			431						(738)									435						(3,093)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents			$	(98,804)					$	(1,904,223)								$	(11,530)					$	12,656

Cash (used in) provided by operating activities was $(40.2) million, $4.4 million, $68.0 million and $70.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, 2021 Successor Period, 2021 Predecessor Period and 2020 Predecessor Period,

Cash used in investing activities was $10.3 million, $1,210.6 million, $15.7 million and $9.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, 2021 Successor Period, 2021 Predecessor Period and 2020 Predecessor Period, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we purchased property and equipment of $8.6 million and paid an additional $1.6 million to SK Holdings upon finalization of the difference in estimated and actual working capital as of the Closing Date under the Business Combination Agreement. During the 2021 Successor Period, we acquired SK Intermediate for cash consideration of $1,209.2 million, net of approximately $11.0 million in cash acquired, and purchased property and equipment of $1.5 million. During the 2021 Predecessor Period, we paid a total of $7.5 million in cash related to the acquisitions of Budenheim Iberica, S.L.U., PC Australasia Pty Ltd., and Magnum Fire & Safety Systems. We also purchased property and equipment of $8.3 million. During the 2020 Predecessor Period, we paid $2.0 million, net of cash acquired, related to the acquisition of LaderaTech, Inc., and also purchased property and equipment of $7.5 million.

Cash used in financing activities was $48.8 million, $697.2 million, $64.2 million and $45.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, 2021 Successor Period, 2021 Predecessor Period and 2020 Predecessor Period, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we repurchased outstanding Ordinary Shares for $49.3 million offset by $0.5 million in proceeds from exercise of Warrants. During the 2021 Successor Period, we borrowed $40.0 million against the Revolving Credit Facility and paid $2.3 million of revolver fees. The Revolving Credit Facility was repaid in full on December 9, 2021. Upon the Business Combination, the Director Subscribers acquired Ordinary Shares valued at $2.0 million. We repaid $697.0 million of debt previously held by SK Intermediate. During the 2021 Predecessor Period, we distributed $60.0 million to our shareholders and we received $19.5 million in proceeds from the Revolving Credit Facility, which was offset by repayments of $19.5 million on the Revolving Credit Facility and repayments of $4.2 million on long-term debt. During the 2020 Predecessor Period, we received $72.1 million in proceeds from the Revolving Credit Facility, which was fully offset by repayments of $97.1 million and $20.6 million against the outstanding balance on the Revolving Credit Facility and long-term debt, respectively.

Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which often requires the judgment of management in the selection and application of certain accounting principles and methods. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities and expenses. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate these estimates and judgments. We based our estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates and assumptions form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the recording of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could, therefore, differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We have identified the following estimates as our most critical accounting estimates, which are those that are most important to aid in fully understanding and evaluating the Company’s financial condition and results of operations, and that require management’s most subjective and complex judgments. Information regarding our other significant accounting estimates and policies are described in more detail in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report. We believe that the following accounting estimates and policies are most critical to the judgments and estimates used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements.

We account for our business combinations using the acquisition accounting method, which requires us to determine and recognize assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their acquisition date fair value, including any contingent consideration and the recognition of acquisition-related costs in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations.

Accounting for business combinations requires us to make significant estimates and assumptions at the acquisition date, including estimates of the fair value of acquired inventory, property and equipment, identifiable intangible assets, contractual obligations assumed, preacquisition contingencies, where applicable, and equity issued. Significant assumptions relevant to the determination of the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed include, but are not limited to, future expected cash flows, discount rates, royalty rates, and other assumptions. The approach to valuing an initial contingent consideration associated with the purchase price also uses similar unobservable factors such as projected revenues and expenses over the term of the contingent earn-out period, discounted for the period over which the initial contingent consideration is measured, and relevant volatility rates. Based upon these assumptions, the initial contingent consideration is then valued using a Monte Carlo simulation. These significant assumptions are based on company specific information and projections, which are not observable in the market and, therefore, are considered Level 2 and Level 3 measurements. These significant assumptions are forward-looking and could be affected by future changes in economic and market conditions.

We generally use third-party qualified consultants to assist management in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. This includes, when necessary, assistance with the determination of economic useful lives and valuation of property, plant and equipment and identifiable intangibles. The purchase price allocation process also entails us to refine these estimates over a measurement period not to exceed one year to reflect new information obtained surrounding facts and circumstances existing at acquisition date. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identified assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill.

Goodwill is deemed to have an indefinite life and is assessed for impairment annually at the reporting unit level or more frequently when events or circumstances occur that indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit or an intangible asset is less than its carrying value. The Company conducts an annual impairment test on October 1st each year.

We perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired. Factors utilized in the qualitative assessment include macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, overall financial performance and events specific to us. If the qualitative assessment indicates it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired, the entity performs a quantitative assessment, which consists of a comparison of the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount.

In accordance with the accounting guidance, we elected to bypass the qualitative assessment and proceeded directly to performing a quantitative goodwill impairment test. On October 1, 2022, we performed a quantitative assessment for our Fire Safety and Specialty Products reporting units to determine whether impairment exists from the most recent valuation date due to current adverse macro-economic conditions, including but not limited to supply chain delays, geopolitical conflict and more recently from unfavorable changes in foreign exchange rates due to strengthening of the U.S. dollar, steady increase in federal funds rate by the Federal Reserve and decline in market price of our Ordinary Shares. In determining the fair value of the reporting unit, we used a combination of the income and market approaches to estimate the reporting unit’s business enterprise value.

Under the income approach, we calculate the fair value of a reporting unit based on estimated future discounted cash flows which require assumptions about short and long-term revenue growth rates, operating margins for each reporting unit, discount rates, foreign currency exchange rates and estimates of capital expenditures. The assumptions we use are based on what we believe a hypothetical marketplace participant would use in estimating fair value. Under the market approach, we estimate the fair value based on market multiples of our EBITDA.

The values separately derived from each of the income and market approach valuation techniques were used to develop an overall estimate of a reporting unit’s fair value. We use a consistent approach across both the reporting units

The assumptions for our future cash flows begin with our historical operating performance adjusted for the impact of known economic, industry and market trends as well as the impact that we expect from planned business initiatives including new product initiatives, client service and retention standards, and cost management programs. At the end of the forecast period, the long-term growth rate we used to determine the terminal value of our reporting units was 3.0% based on management’s assessment of the minimum expected terminal growth rate of the reporting unit, as well as broader economic considerations such as inflation and the maturity of the markets we serve. We projected revenue growth for our reporting units in completing our impairment testing based on expected planned business initiatives and prevailing trends exhibited by these reporting units. The anticipated revenue growth in the reporting units, however, is partially offset by assumed increases in expenses.

We utilize a weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”), in our impairment analysis that makes assumptions about the capital structure that we believe a market participant would make and include a risk premium based on an assessment of risks related to the projected cash flows for the reporting unit. We believe this approach yields a discount rate that is consistent with an implied rate of return that a market participant would require for an investment in a company having similar risks and business characteristics to the reporting unit being assessed. To calculate the WACC, the cost of equity and cost of debt are multiplied by the assumed capital structure of the reporting unit as compared to industry trends and relevant benchmark company structures. We believe the benchmark companies used for our Fire Safety and Specialty Products reporting units serve as an appropriate input for calculating a fair value for the reporting unit as those benchmark companies have similar risks and participate in similar markets. The cost of equity was computed using the Capital Asset Pricing Model which considers the risk-free interest rate, beta, equity risk premium and specific company risk premium related to a particular reporting unit. The cost of debt was computed using a benchmark rate and the Company’s tax rate. For the annual goodwill impairment evaluation, the discount rates used to develop the estimated fair value of the Fire Safety and Specialty Products reporting units were 15.5% and 10.5%, respectively.

The estimated fair value of the reporting units is derived from the valuation techniques described above incorporating the related projections and assumptions. Impairment occurs when the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is below the carrying value of its equity. The estimated fair value for our Fire Safety and Specialty Products reporting units exceeded their related carrying values as of October 1, 2022. As a result, no goodwill impairment was recorded.

The estimated fair value of the reporting unit is highly sensitive to changes in these projections and assumptions; therefore, in some instances changes in these assumptions could impact whether the fair value of a reporting unit is greater than its carrying value. For example, an increase in the discount rate and decline in the projected cumulative cash flow of a reporting unit could cause the fair value of certain reporting units to be below its carrying value. We perform sensitivity analyses around these assumptions in order to assess the reasonableness of the assumptions and the resulting estimated fair values. Ultimately, future potential changes in these assumptions may impact the estimated fair value of a reporting unit and cause the fair value of the reporting unit to be below its carrying value.

Long-lived assets include acquired property, plant, and equipment and intangible assets subject to amortization. We evaluate the recoverability of long-lived assets for possible impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be fully recoverable. Such events and changes may include significant changes in performance relative to expected operating results, significant changes in asset use, significant negative industry or economic trends, and changes in our business strategy.

The process of evaluating the potential impairment of long-lived assets under the accounting guidance on property, plant and equipment and intangible assets subject to amortization is also highly subjective and requires significant judgment. In order to estimate the fair value of long-lived assets, we typically make various assumptions about the future prospects of our business or the part of our business to which the long-lived assets relate to estimate future cash flows to be generated by the asset group, which requires significant judgment as it is based on assumptions about market demand for our products over a number of future years. Based on these assumptions and estimates, we determine the recoverability of such assets by comparing an asset’s respective carrying value to estimates of the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from its asset group. If such review indicates that the carrying amount of long-lived assets is not recoverable, the carrying amount of such assets is reduced to fair value. Assumptions and estimates about future values and

We compute income taxes using the asset-and-liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities, as well as loss and tax credit carryforwards. Changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in income in the period such changes are enacted.

On a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis, we establish a valuation allowance if, based upon available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We consider all positive and negative evidence, including historical operating results, the existence of cumulative losses, estimates of future operating income, and the reversal of existing taxable temporary differences in assessing the need for a valuation allowance.

Our tax positions are subject to income tax audits by multiple tax jurisdictions throughout the world. We recognize the tax benefit of an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not the position will be sustainable upon examination by the taxing authority, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. This evaluation is based on all available evidence and assumes that the tax authorities have full knowledge of all relevant information concerning the tax position. The tax benefit recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit which is more likely than not (greater than 50% likely) to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the taxing authority. We record interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. We make adjustments to these reserves in accordance with the income tax guidance when facts and circumstances change, such as the closing of a tax audit or the refinement of an estimate. To the extent that the final tax outcome of these matters is different from the amounts recorded, such differences will affect the provision for income taxes in the period in which such determination is made and could have a material impact on our financial condition and operating results.

We have granted equity-based awards consisting of PBNQSO to key employees, officers and directors. The PBNQSO are subject to performance conditions such that the number of awards that ultimately vest depends on the calculation of AOP during the performance period compared to targets established at the award date. Because the terms of the PBNQSO provide discretion to make certain adjustments to the performance calculation, the service inception date of these awards precedes the grant date. Accordingly, the Company recognizes compensation expense beginning on the service inception date and remeasures the fair value of the awards until a grant date is established. The estimate of the awards’ fair values will be fixed in the period in which the grant date occurs, and cumulative compensation expense will be adjusted based on the fair values calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model at the grant date. The fair value for PBNQSO for which a grant date has not been established is estimated on the last date of the reporting period using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the fair value of the underlying Ordinary Shares, the risk-free interest rate, the expected equity volatility, and the expected term of the option. The Company records forfeitures as they are incurred. The fair value of PBNQSO is expensed proportionately for each tranche over the applicable service period in which the performance conditions are deemed probable of achievement.

Service-based restricted stock units are valued using the market price of our Ordinary Shares on the grant date. The grant date fair value of the restricted stock units is expensed on a straight-line basis over the applicable vesting period.

Under the Founder Advisory Agreement, in exchange for the services provided to the Company, including strategic and capital allocation advice, the EverArc Founders Entity is entitled to receive both, a Fixed Annual Advisory Amount and a Variable Annual Advisory Amount until the years ending December 31, 2027 and 2031, respectively. At the election of the EverArc Founders Entity, at least 50% of the Advisory Amounts will be paid in Ordinary Shares and the remainder in cash. The Fixed Annual Advisory Amount will be equal to 2,357,061 Ordinary Shares (1.5% of 157,137,410 Ordinary Shares outstanding as of November 9, 2021) for each year through December 31, 2027 and valued using the period end volume weighted average closing share price for ten consecutive trading days of Ordinary Shares. The Variable Annual

As of December 31, 2022, the Advisory Amounts payable to the EverArc Founder Entity over the term of the Founder Advisory Agreement was $341.4 million. The fair value of the Fixed Annual Advisory Amount was calculated to be $104.4 million based on the period end volume weighted average closing share price for ten consecutive trading days of Ordinary Shares of $8.86 and the fair value of the Variable Annual Advisory Amount was determined to be $237.0 million using a Monte Carlo simulation model.

For information about new accounting standards, see Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report.

We are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency exchange rates, short-term interest rates and price fluctuations of certain material commodities in the ordinary course of our business. We have not engaged in hedging activities since inception and currently, do not expect to engage in any hedging activities with respect to the market risk to which we are exposed.

Foreign currency exchange risks are attributable to sales to foreign customers and purchases from foreign suppliers not denominated in a location’s functional currency, foreign plant operations, intercompany indebtedness, intercompany investments and include exposures to the Euro, Canadian dollar, Norwegian krone and Australian dollar. We have elected to use the U.S. dollar for our Luxembourg entities. Transactions that are paid in a foreign currency are remeasured into U.S. dollars and recorded in the consolidated financial statements at prevailing currency exchange rates. A reduction in the value of the U.S. dollar against currencies of other countries could result in the use of additional cash to settle operating, administrative and tax liabilities.

For variable rate debt, interest rate changes generally do not affect the fair market value of such debt, but do impact future earnings and cash flows, assuming other factors are held constant. We are subject to market risk exposure related to changes in interest rates on borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility. Interest on borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility is based on adjusted LIBOR plus or base rate plus an applicable margin. At December 31, 2022, we had no borrowings outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility.

On November 9, 2021, in connection with the Business Combination, SK Intermediate II assumed the Senior Notes. Our Senior Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 5.00%.

In addition, on November 9, 2021, in connection with the Business Combination, Redeemable Preferred Shares valued at $100.0 million were issued. The holders of Redeemable Preferred Shares are entitled to a preferred annual cumulative right to a dividend equal to 6.50% of its nominal value. The Redeemable Preferred Shares are mandatorily redeemable on occurrence of certain events as defined in the Business Combination Agreement, but no later than November 8, 2029. If we fail to timely redeem the Redeemable Preferred Shares, the dividend on Redeemable Preferred Shares will permanently increase to the interest rate currently being paid (whether default or not) under the Revolving Credit Facility plus 10.00%.

Our realized margins depend on the differential of sales prices over our total supply costs. Generally, we attempt to maintain an inventory position that is substantially balanced between our purchases and sales, including our future delivery obligations. However, market, weather or other conditions beyond our control may disrupt our expected supply of product, and we may be required to obtain supply at increased prices that cannot be passed through to our customers. For example,

We are subject to inflationary pressures with respect to raw materials, labor and transportation. Accordingly, we continue to take actions with our customers and suppliers to mitigate the impact of these inflationary pressures in the future. Actions to mitigate inflationary pressures with customers include contractual price escalation clauses and negotiated customer recoveries. Actions to mitigate inflationary pressures with suppliers include aggregation of purchase requirements to achieve optimal volume benefits, negotiation of cost-reductions and identification of more cost competitive suppliers. While these actions are designed to offset the impact of inflationary pressures, the Company cannot provide assurance that it will be successful in fully offsetting increased costs resulting from inflationary pressure.

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Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID # 243)						64
Consolidated Financial Statements:
Consolidated Financial Statements as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 and for the year ended December 31, 2022, for the period from November 9, 2021 through December 31, 2021 (Successor), for the period from January 1, 2021 through November 8, 2021 (Predecessor) and for the year ended December 31, 2020 (Predecessor):
Consolidated Balance Sheets						69
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)						70
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity						71
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows						72
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements:
Note 1 Description of Business and Basis of Presentation						74
Note 2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements						76
Note 3 Business Acquisitions						85
Note 4 Balance Sheet Components						89
Note 5 Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets						90
Note 6 Leases						91
Note 7 Long-Term Debt and Redeemable Preferred Shares						93
Note 8 Income Taxes						97
Note 9 Commitments and Contingencies						100
Note 10 Equity						100
Note 11 Share-Based Compensation and Employee Benefits						102
Note 12 Fair Value Measurements						104
Note 13 Related Parties						107
Note 14 Revenue Recognition						109
Note 15 Earnings Per Share						109
Note 16 Segment Information						110
Note 17 Parent Company Information						113
Note 18 Restatement of Previously Issued Financial Statements						117
Note 19 Subsequent Event						128

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Perimeter Solutions, SA (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (Successor), the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2022 (Successor), for the period from November 9, 2021 through December 31, 2021 (Successor), for the period from January 1, 2021 through November 8, 2021 (Predecessor), and for the year ended December 31, 2020 (Predecessor) and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2022 and 2021 (Successor), and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2022 (Successor), for the period from November 9, 2021 through December 31, 2021 (Successor), for the period from January 1, 2021 through November 8, 2021 (Predecessor) and for the year ended December 31, 2020 (Predecessor), in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) and our report dated March 1, 2023 expressed an adverse opinion thereon.

Change in Accounting Method Related to Leases

As discussed in Notes 2 and 6 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has changed its method of accounting for leases in 2022 due to the adoption of the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 842, Leases.

Basis for Opinion

Critical Audit Matters

Assessment of the Probability of Achieving the Vesting Performance Criteria of Certain Share-Based Awards

We identified the assessment of the probability of vesting performance criteria of certain share-based awards as a critical audit matter. The principal consideration for our determination is the significant judgement used to evaluate the significant assumptions used in the determination of the EBITDA projections, including the forecasted revenue growth rates and operating margins. Auditing these elements involved complex auditor judgment due to the nature and extent of the audit effort required and the level of uncertainty associated with such forecasts.

•Assessing the reasonableness of the forecasted revenue growth rates and operating margins used in the determination of the EBITDA projections by comparing to historical information and considering contradictory evidence.

•Testing the mathematical accuracy of management’s determination of the probability of achieving the performance targets established by agreeing to the terms and definitions stated in the award agreements.

Goodwill Impairment Assessment

As described in Notes 2 and 5 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company conducts a goodwill impairment test on October 1st each year. For the October 1, 2022 impairment test, the Company performed a quantitative test for its Fire Safety and Specialty Products reporting units using a combination of the income and market valuation techniques. These techniques incorporate various assumptions, the most significant being short and long-term revenue growth rates, operating margins, and the discount rate (weighted average cost of capital) used to estimate and discount future cash flows. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, goodwill impairment is measured as the amount by which the reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying value of goodwill. The Company’s consolidated goodwill balance was $1.03 billion at December 31, 2022.

We identified the goodwill impairment assessment for the Fire Safety and Specialty Products reporting units as a critical audit matter. The principal consideration for our determination is the significant judgment used to evaluate the significant assumptions used to determine the fair value of the reporting units, including the forecasted revenue growth rates and operating margins, the discount rate included in the income approach, and the enterprise value multiples included in the market approach. Auditing the estimates and assumptions involved especially challenging and subjective auditor judgment due to the nature and extent of audit effort required to address these matters, including the extent of specialized skill and knowledge needed.

•Evaluating the reasonableness of the forecasted revenue growth rates and operating margins used in management’s income approach analysis by comparing to prior period forecasts, historical operating performance, and evidence obtained in other areas of the audit for consistency and reasonableness.

•Utilizing personnel with specialized knowledge and skill of valuation techniques to assist in: (i) evaluating the appropriateness of the methodologies used to determine the fair value of the reporting units, including the weighting of the income and market approaches, (ii) evaluating the reasonableness of discount rate used in the

income approach, (iii) evaluating the reasonableness of the market multiples used in the market approach, (iv) evaluating the reasonableness of the market capitalization reconciliation, including the implied control premium, (v) evaluating trend analysis of key projections, ratio analysis, and benchmarking of certain assumptions with available market data, (vi) testing the mathematical accuracy of the Company’s calculations, , and (vii) evaluating the professional qualifications of management’s specialists and their relationship to the Company.

•Testing the reconciliation of the estimated fair value of the Company’s reporting units to the indicated market capitalization of the Company as a whole.

We have audited Perimeter Solutions, SA (the “Company’s”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the “COSO criteria”). In our opinion, the Company did not maintain, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on the COSO criteria.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Material Weaknesses regarding management’s failure to design and implement controls at a sufficient level of precision over (i) consideration of key terms and conditions affecting the grant date in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation, when accounting for performance-based options; and (ii) review of complex accounting areas and related disclosures, including business combinations, specifically on its effects on the presentation of the statement of cash flows, equity issuance costs and transaction costs and the judgments made in the determination of purchase consideration, and goodwill impairment assessment, specifically related to the determination of carrying values and the valuation assumptions, has been identified and described in management’s assessment. This material weakness was considered in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the 2022 financial statements, and this report does not affect our report dated March 1, 2023 on those financial statements.