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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
________________________________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
 
☑      QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2022
 
or
 
☐      TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
Commission File Number: 1-36132
________________________________________________________________

PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 90-1005472
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

333 Clay Street, Suite 1600
Houston, Texas 77002
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)
(713) 646-4100
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
________________________________________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A SharesPAGPNasdaq

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  ☑ Yes  ☐ No
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  ☑ Yes  ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer☑ Accelerated filer☐
Non-accelerated filer☐ Smaller reporting company☐
 Emerging growth company☐
 If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  ☐ Yes  ☑ No
As of April 29, 2022, there were 194,228,477 Class A Shares outstanding.


PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

2
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.    UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions, except share data)
March 31,
2022		December 31,
2021
 (unaudited)
ASSETS
 
CURRENT ASSETS
  
Cash and cash equivalents
$117 $452 
Trade accounts receivable and other receivables, net
7,136 4,705 
Inventory
527 783 
Other current assets
320 200 
Total current assets
8,100 6,140 
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
19,434 19,292 
Accumulated depreciation
(4,565)(4,383)
Property and equipment, net
14,869 14,909 
OTHER ASSETS
  
Investments in unconsolidated entities
3,807 3,805 
Intangible assets, net1,901 1,960 
Deferred tax asset
1,341 1,362 
Linefill919 907 
Long-term operating lease right-of-use assets, net
387 393 
Long-term inventory
374 253 
Other long-term assets, net
293 249 
Total assets
$31,991 $29,978 
LIABILITIES AND PARTNERS’ CAPITAL
  
CURRENT LIABILITIES
  
Trade accounts payable
$6,871 $4,811 
Short-term debt
900 822 
Other current liabilities
801 601 
Total current liabilities
8,572 6,234 
LONG-TERM LIABILITIES
  
Senior notes, net
7,931 8,329 
Other long-term debt, net
55 69 
Long-term operating lease liabilities
331 339 
Other long-term liabilities and deferred credits
901 830 
Total long-term liabilities
9,218 9,567 
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (NOTE 10)
PARTNERS’ CAPITAL
  
Class A shareholders (194,228,477 and 194,192,777 shares outstanding, respectively)
1,540 1,533 
Noncontrolling interests
12,661 12,644 
Total partners’ capital
14,201 14,177 
Total liabilities and partners’ capital
$31,991 $29,978 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in millions, except per share data)
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 20222021
 (unaudited)
REVENUES
  
Product sales revenues$13,381 $8,083 
Services revenues313 300 
Total revenues
13,694 8,383 
COSTS AND EXPENSES
  
Purchases and related costs
12,785 7,392 
Field operating costs
346 219 
General and administrative expenses
83 68 
Depreciation and amortization
231 178 
(Gains)/losses on asset sales and asset impairments, net(42)2 
Total costs and expenses
13,403 7,859 
OPERATING INCOME291 524 
OTHER INCOME/(EXPENSE)
  
Equity earnings in unconsolidated entities
97 88 
Interest expense (net of capitalized interest of $1 and $5, respectively)
(107)(107)
Other expense, net(37)(60)
INCOME BEFORE TAX244 445 
Current income tax expense
(19)(1)
Deferred income tax expense(16)(52)
NET INCOME209 392 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests(187)(322)
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO PAGP$22 $70 
BASIC AND DILUTED WEIGHTED AVERAGE CLASS A SHARES OUTSTANDING194 194 
BASIC AND DILUTED NET INCOME PER CLASS A SHARE$0.11 $0.36 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in millions)
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 20222021
 (unaudited)
Net income$209 $392 
Other comprehensive income74 108 
Comprehensive income283 500 
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests(240)(401)
Comprehensive income attributable to PAGP$43 $99 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS)
(in millions)

 
Derivative
Instruments		Translation
Adjustments		OtherTotal
 (unaudited)
Balance at December 31, 2021$(208)$(642)$(3)$(853)
Reclassification adjustments3 — — 3 
Unrealized gain on hedges32 — — 32 
Currency translation adjustments— 40 — 40 
Other— — (1)(1)
Total period activity35 40 (1)74 
Balance at March 31, 2022$(173)$(602)$(4)$(779)

Derivative
Instruments		Translation
Adjustments		OtherTotal
 (unaudited)
Balance at December 31, 2020$(258)$(657)$(3)$(918)
Reclassification adjustments3 — — 3 
Unrealized gain on hedges68 — — 68 
Currency translation adjustments— 37 — 37 
Total period activity71 37 — 108 
Balance at March 31, 2021$(187)$(620)$(3)$(810)
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
5
PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in millions)

 Three Months Ended
March 31,
 20222021
 (unaudited)
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES  
Net income$209 $392 
Reconciliation of net income to net cash provided by operating activities:  
Depreciation and amortization231 178 
(Gains)/losses on asset sales and asset impairments, net(42)2 
Deferred income tax expense16 52 
Change in fair value of Preferred Distribution Rate Reset Option (Note 8)44 67 
Equity earnings in unconsolidated entities(97)(88)
Distributions on earnings from unconsolidated entities96 110 
Other4 6 
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions(122)70 
Net cash provided by operating activities339 789 
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES  
Investments in unconsolidated entities(3)(35)
Additions to property, equipment and other(101)(97)
Proceeds from sales of assets53 21 
Cash paid for purchases of linefill(39)— 
Other investing activities9 3 
Net cash used in investing activities(81)(108)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES  
Net borrowings/(repayments) under PAA commercial paper program (Note 6)382 (410)
Net repayments under PAA senior secured hedged inventory facility (Note 6)— (166)
Repayments of PAA senior notes(750)— 
Repurchase of common units by a subsidiary (Note 7)(25)(3)
Distributions paid to Class A shareholders (Note 7)(35)(35)
Distributions paid to noncontrolling interests (Note 7)(188)(138)
Other financing activities20 66 
Net cash used in financing activities(596)(686)
Effect of translation adjustment3 — 
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash(335)(5)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period456 63 
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period$121 $58 
Cash paid for:  
Interest, net of amounts capitalized$74 $65 
Income taxes, net of amounts refunded$23 $24 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
6
PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN PARTNERS’ CAPITAL
(in millions)

Class A
Shareholders		Noncontrolling
Interests		Total
Partners’ Capital
 (unaudited)
Balance at December 31, 2021$1,533 $12,644 $14,177 
Net income22 187 209 
Distributions (Note 7)(35)(200)(235)
Deferred tax asset(5)— (5)
Other comprehensive income21 53 74 
Repurchase of common units by a subsidiary (Note 7)— (25)(25)
Other4 2 6 
Balance at March 31, 2022$1,540 $12,661 $14,201 


Class A ShareholdersNoncontrolling InterestsTotal Partners’ Capital
(unaudited)
Balance at December 31, 2020$1,464 $9,726 $11,190 
Net income70 322 392 
Distributions(35)(150)(185)
Deferred tax asset(7)— (7)
Other comprehensive income29 79 108 
Repurchase of common units by a subsidiary (Note 7)— (3)(3)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests— 1 1 
Other2 1 3 
Balance at March 31, 2021$1,523 $9,976 $11,499 

 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.



7
PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
Note 1—Organization and Basis of Consolidation and Presentation
 
Organization
 
Plains GP Holdings, L.P. (“PAGP”) is a Delaware limited partnership formed in 2013 that has elected to be taxed as a corporation for United States federal income tax purposes. PAGP does not directly own any operating assets; as of March 31, 2022, its principal sources of cash flow are derived from an indirect investment in Plains All American Pipeline, L.P. (“PAA”), a publicly traded Delaware limited partnership. As used in this Form 10-Q and unless the context indicates otherwise (taking into account the fact that PAGP has no operating activities apart from those conducted by PAA and its subsidiaries), the terms “Partnership,” “we,” “us,” “our,” “ours” and similar terms refer to PAGP and its subsidiaries.
 
As of March 31, 2022, PAGP owned (i) a 100% managing member interest in Plains All American GP LLC (“GP LLC”), an entity that has also elected to be taxed as a corporation for United States federal income tax purposes and (ii) an approximate 81% limited partner interest in Plains AAP, L.P. (“AAP”) through our direct ownership of approximately 193.2 million Class A units of AAP (“AAP units”) and indirect ownership of approximately 1.0 million AAP units through GP LLC. GP LLC is a Delaware limited liability company that also holds the non-economic general partner interest in AAP. AAP is a Delaware limited partnership that, as of March 31, 2022, directly owned a limited partner interest in PAA through its ownership of approximately 241.5 million PAA common units (approximately 31% of PAA’s total outstanding common units and Series A preferred units combined). AAP is the sole member of PAA GP LLC (“PAA GP”), a Delaware limited liability company that directly holds the non-economic general partner interest in PAA.

PAA’s business model integrates large-scale supply aggregation capabilities with the ownership and operation of critical midstream infrastructure systems that connect major producing regions to key demand centers and export terminals. As one of the largest midstream service providers in North America, PAA owns an extensive network of pipeline transportation, terminalling, storage and gathering assets in key crude oil and natural gas liquids (“NGL”) producing basins (including the Permian Basin) and transportation corridors and at major market hubs in the United States and Canada. PAA’s assets and the services it provides are primarily focused on and conducted through two operating segments: Crude Oil and NGL. See Note 11 for further discussion of our operating segments.

PAA GP Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, is our general partner. Our general partner manages our operations and activities and is responsible for exercising on our behalf any rights we have as the sole and managing member of GP LLC, including responsibility for conducting the business and managing the operations of AAP and PAA. GP LLC employs our domestic officers and personnel involved in the operation and management of AAP and PAA. PAA’s Canadian officers and personnel are employed by our subsidiary, Plains Midstream Canada ULC.

References to the “Plains Entities” include us, our general partner, GP LLC, AAP, PAA GP and PAA and its subsidiaries.
 

8
PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Definitions
 
Additional defined terms are used in this Form 10-Q and shall have the meanings indicated below:

AOCI=Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
ASC=Accounting Standards Codification
ASU=Accounting Standards Update
Bcf=Billion cubic feet
Btu=British thermal unit
CAD=Canadian dollar
CODM=Chief Operating Decision Maker
EBITDA=Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization
EPA=United States Environmental Protection Agency
FASB=Financial Accounting Standards Board
GAAP=Generally accepted accounting principles in the United States
ICE=Intercontinental Exchange
ISDA=International Swaps and Derivatives Association
LIBOR=London Interbank Offered Rate
LTIP=Long-term incentive plan
Mcf=Thousand cubic feet
MMbls=Million barrels
NGL=Natural gas liquids, including ethane, propane and butane
NYMEX=New York Mercantile Exchange
SEC=United States Securities and Exchange Commission
TWh=Terawatt hour
USD=United States dollar
WTI=West Texas Intermediate

Basis of Consolidation and Presentation
 
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements and related notes thereto should be read in conjunction with our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of PAGP and all of its wholly owned subsidiaries and those entities that it controls. Investments in entities over which we have significant influence but not control are accounted for by the equity method. We apply proportionate consolidation for pipelines and other assets in which we own undivided joint interests. The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions for interim reporting as set forth by the SEC. The condensed consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2021 was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 should not be taken as indicative of results to be expected for the entire year. All adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) that in the opinion of management were necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods have been reflected. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation, and certain reclassifications have been made to information from previous years to conform to the current presentation, including the reclassifications discussed further below.

Subsequent events have been evaluated through the financial statements issuance date and have been included in the following footnotes where applicable. 

9
PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Management judgment is required to evaluate whether PAGP controls an entity. Key areas of that evaluation include (i) determining whether an entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”); (ii) determining whether PAGP is the primary beneficiary of a VIE, including evaluating which activities of the VIE most significantly impact its economic performance and the degree of power that PAGP and its related parties have over those activities through variable interests; and (iii) identifying events that require reconsideration of whether an entity is a VIE and continuously evaluating whether PAGP is a VIE’s primary beneficiary.

We have determined that our subsidiaries, PAA and AAP, are VIEs and should be consolidated by PAGP because:

•The limited partners of PAA and AAP lack (i) substantive “kick-out rights” (i.e., the right to remove the general partner) based on a simple majority or lower vote and (ii) substantive participation rights and thus lack the ability to block actions of the general partner that most significantly impact the economic performance of PAA and AAP, respectively.

•AAP is the primary beneficiary of PAA because it has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact PAA’s performance and the right to receive benefits, and obligation to absorb losses, that could be significant to PAA.

•PAGP is the primary beneficiary of AAP because it has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact AAP’s performance and the right to receive benefits, and obligation to absorb losses, that could be significant to AAP.

With the exception of a deferred tax asset of $1.341 billion and $1.362 billion as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, substantially all assets and liabilities presented on PAGP’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets are those of PAA. Only the assets of each respective VIE can be used to settle the obligations of that individual VIE, and the creditors of each/either of those VIEs do not have recourse against the general credit of PAGP. PAGP did not provide any financial support to PAA or AAP during the three months ended March 31, 2022 or the year ended December 31, 2021. See Note 17 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part IV of our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding the Omnibus Agreement entered into by the Plains Entities on November 15, 2016.

Reclassification of Prior Period Information

During the fourth quarter of 2021, we effected changes in the primary financial information provided to our CODM (our Chief Executive Officer) for assessing performance and allocating resources to present two operating segments, Crude Oil and NGL. Prior to the fourth quarter of 2021, this information was organized into three operating segments: Transportation, Facilities and Supply and Logistics. See Note 11 for further discussion of our operating segments. In connection with this change, we changed the presentation of Revenues on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. “Product sales revenues” include amounts that were previously presented as “Supply and Logistics segment revenues,” while “Services revenues” includes amounts previously presented as “Transportation segment revenues” and “Facilities segment revenues.”

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
Restricted Cash

Restricted cash includes cash held by us that is unavailable for general use and is comprised of amounts advanced to us by certain equity method investees related to the construction of fixed assets where we serve as construction manager. The following table presents a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets that sum to the total of the amounts shown on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in millions):

March 31,
2022		December 31,
2021
Cash and cash equivalents$117 $452 
Restricted cash (1)
4 4 
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash $121 $456 
10
PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(1)Included in “Other current assets” on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Except as discussed below and in our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K, there have been no new accounting pronouncements that have become effective or have been issued during the three months ended March 31, 2022 that are of significance or potential significance to us.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, which simplifies accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible instruments and contracts on an entity’s own equity, by eliminating two of the three models that require separate accounting for embedded conversion features and the settlement assessment that entities are required to perform to determine whether a contract qualifies for equity classification. This guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2022, and our adoption did not have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
 
Note 3—Revenues and Accounts Receivable

Revenue Recognition

We disaggregate our revenues by segment and type of activity. These categories depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows are affected by economic factors. See Note 3 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part IV of our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding our types of revenues and policies for revenue recognition.

Revenues from Contracts with Customers. The following tables present our revenues from contracts with customers disaggregated by segment and type of activity (in millions):

Three Months Ended
March 31,
20222021
Crude Oil segment revenues from contracts with customers
Sales$12,857 $7,726 
Transportation155 90 
Terminalling, Storage and Other90 130 
Total Crude Oil segment revenues from contracts with customers$13,102 $7,946 

Three Months Ended
March 31,
20222021
NGL segment revenues from contracts with customers
Sales$845 $772 
Transportation9 7 
Terminalling, Storage and Other25 22 
Total NGL segment revenues from contracts with customers$879 $801 


Reconciliation to Total Revenues of Reportable Segments. The following disclosures only include information regarding revenues associated with consolidated entities; revenues from entities accounted for by the equity method are not included. The following tables present the reconciliation of our revenues from contracts with customers to total revenues of reportable segments and total revenues as disclosed in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (in millions):
11
PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022Crude OilNGLTotal
Revenues from contracts with customers$13,102 $879 $13,981 
Other items in revenues(23)(144)(167)
Total revenues of reportable segments$13,079 $735 $13,814 
Intersegment revenue elimination(120)
Total revenues$13,694 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021Crude OilNGLTotal
Revenues from contracts with customers$7,946 $801 $8,747 
Other items in revenues(93)(162)(255)
Total revenues of reportable segments$7,853 $639 $8,492 
Intersegment revenue elimination(109)
Total revenues$8,383 

Minimum Volume Commitments. We have certain agreements that require counterparties to transport or throughput a minimum volume over an agreed upon period. The following table presents counterparty deficiencies associated with contracts with customers and buy/sell arrangements that include minimum volume commitments for which we had remaining performance obligations and the customers still had the ability to meet their obligations (in millions):

Counterparty DeficienciesFinancial Statement ClassificationMarch 31,
2022		December 31,
2021
Billed and collectedLiability$56 $63 
Unbilled (1)
N/A16 16 
Total$72 $79 
(1)Amounts were related to deficiencies for which the counterparties had not met their contractual minimum commitments and are not reflected in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as we had not yet billed or collected such amounts.

Contract Balances. Our contract balances consist of amounts received associated with services or sales for which we have not yet completed the related performance obligation. The following table presents the change in the liability balance associated with contracts with customers (in millions):

 Contract Liabilities
Balance at December 31, 2021$141 
Amounts recognized as revenue(20)
Additions16 
Balance at March 31, 2022$137 


12
PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Remaining Performance Obligations. The information below includes the amount of consideration allocated to partially and wholly unsatisfied remaining performance obligations under contracts that exist as of the end of the periods and the timing of revenue recognition of those remaining performance obligations. Certain contracts meet the requirements for the presentation as remaining performance obligations. These arrangements include a fixed minimum level of service, typically a set volume of service, and do not contain any variability other than expected timing within a limited range. The following table presents the amount of consideration associated with remaining performance obligations for the population of contracts with external customers meeting the presentation requirements as of March 31, 2022 (in millions):

Remainder of 202220232024202520262027 and Thereafter
Pipeline revenues supported by minimum volume commitments and capacity agreements (1)
$132 $174 $158 $134 $87 $379 
Terminalling, storage and other agreement revenues201 223 173 81 61 517 
Total$333 $397 $331 $215 $148 $896 
(1)Calculated as volumes committed under contracts multiplied by the current applicable tariff rate.


The presentation above does not include (i) expected revenues from legacy shippers not underpinned by minimum volume commitments, including pipelines where there are no or limited alternative pipeline transportation options, (ii) intersegment revenues and (iii) the amount of consideration associated with certain income generating contracts, which include a fixed minimum level of service, that are either not within the scope of ASC 606 or do not meet the requirements for presentation as remaining performance obligations. The following are examples of contracts that are not included in the table above because they are not within the scope of ASC 606 or do not meet the requirements for presentation:

•Minimum volume commitments on certain of our joint venture pipeline systems;
•Acreage dedications;
•Buy/sell arrangements with future committed volumes;
•Short-term contracts and those with variable consideration, due to the election of practical expedients;
•Contracts within the scope of ASC 842, Leases; and
•Contracts within the scope of ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging.

Trade Accounts Receivable and Other Receivables, Net

Our accounts receivable are primarily from purchasers and shippers of crude oil and, to a lesser extent, purchasers of NGL. These purchasers include, but are not limited to, refiners, producers, marketing and trading companies and financial institutions. The majority of our accounts receivable relate to our crude oil merchant activities that can generally be described as high volume and low margin activities, in many cases involving exchanges of crude oil volumes.

To mitigate credit risk related to our accounts receivable, we utilize a rigorous credit review process. We closely monitor market conditions and perform credit reviews of each customer to make a determination with respect to the amount, if any, of open credit to be extended to any given customer and the form and amount of financial performance assurances we require. Such financial assurances are commonly provided to us in the form of advance cash payments, standby letters of credit, credit insurance or parental guarantees. Additionally, in an effort to mitigate credit risk, a significant portion of our transactions with counterparties are settled on a net-cash basis. For a majority of these net-cash arrangements, we also enter into netting agreements (contractual agreements that allow us to offset receivables and payables with those counterparties against each other on our balance sheet).
 
13
PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Accounts receivable from the sale of crude oil are generally settled with counterparties on the industry settlement date, which is typically in the month following the month in which the title transfers. Otherwise, we generally invoice customers within 30 days of when the products or services were provided and generally require payment within 30 days of the invoice date. We review all outstanding accounts receivable balances on a monthly basis and record our receivables net of expected credit losses. We do not write-off accounts receivable balances until we have exhausted substantially all collection efforts. At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, substantially all of our trade accounts receivable were less than 30 days past their invoice date. Our expected credit losses are immaterial. Although we consider our credit procedures to be adequate to mitigate any significant credit losses, the actual amount of current and future credit losses could vary significantly from estimated amounts.

The following is a reconciliation of trade accounts receivable from revenues from contracts with customers to total Trade accounts receivable and other receivables, net as presented on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (in millions):

March 31,
2022		December 31, 2021
Trade accounts receivable arising from revenues from contracts with customers
$5,496 $4,031 
Other trade accounts receivables and other receivables (1)
9,620 5,126 
Impact due to contractual rights of offset with counterparties(7,980)(4,452)
Trade accounts receivable and other receivables, net$7,136 $4,705 
(1)The balance is comprised primarily of accounts receivable associated with buy/sell arrangements that are not within the scope of ASC 606.

Note 4—Net Income Per Class A Share
 
Basic net income per Class A share is determined by dividing net income attributable to PAGP by the weighted average number of Class A shares outstanding during the period. Our Class B and Class C shares do not share in the earnings of the Partnership; accordingly, basic and diluted net income per Class B and Class C share has not been presented.
 
Diluted net income per Class A share is determined by dividing net income attributable to PAGP by the diluted weighted average number of Class A shares outstanding during the period. For purposes of calculating diluted net income per Class A share, both the net income attributable to PAGP and the diluted weighted average number of Class A shares outstanding consider the impact of possible future exchanges of (i) AAP units and the associated Class B shares into our Class A shares and (ii) Class B units of AAP (referred to herein as “AAP Management Units”) into our Class A shares. In addition, the calculation of the diluted weighted average number of Class A shares outstanding considers the effect of potentially dilutive awards under the Plains GP Holdings, L.P. Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “PAGP LTIP”).
 
All AAP Management Units that have satisfied the applicable performance conditions are considered potentially dilutive. Exchanges of potentially dilutive AAP units and AAP Management Units are assumed to have occurred at the beginning of the period and the incremental income attributable to PAGP resulting from the assumed exchanges is representative of the incremental income that would have been attributable to PAGP if the assumed exchanges occurred on that date. See Note 12 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part IV of our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding exchanges of AAP units and AAP Management Units. PAGP LTIP awards that are deemed to be dilutive are reduced by a hypothetical share repurchase based on the remaining unamortized fair value, as prescribed by the treasury stock method in guidance issued by the FASB. See Note 18 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part IV of our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding PAGP LTIP awards.

On a weighted-average basis, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the possible exchange of 47 million and 51 million AAP units, respectively, would not have had a dilutive effect on basic net income per Class A share. For each of the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the possible exchange of less than 1 million AAP Management Units would not have had a dilutive effect on basic net income per Class A share on a weighted-average basis. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, our PAGP LTIP awards were dilutive; however, the LTIP awards did not change the presentation of diluted weighted average Class A shares outstanding or diluted net income per Class A share.

14
PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per Class A share (in millions, except per share data):

 Three Months Ended
March 31,
 20222021
Basic and Diluted Net Income per Class A Share
Net income attributable to PAGP$22 $70 
Basic and diluted weighted average Class A shares outstanding194 194 
Basic and diluted net income per Class A share$0.11 $0.36 

Note 5—Inventory, Linefill and Long-term Inventory
 
Inventory, linefill and long-term inventory consisted of the following (barrels in thousands and carrying value in millions):

 March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
 VolumesUnit of
Measure		Carrying
Value
Price/
Unit (1)
VolumesUnit of
Measure		Carrying
Value
Price/
Unit (1)
Inventory        
Crude oil4,711 barrels$420 $89.15 8,041 barrels$544 $67.65 
NGL2,329 barrels102 $43.80 6,982 barrels234 $33.51 
OtherN/A 5 N/AN/A 5 N/A
Inventory subtotal  527    783  
Linefill        
Crude oil15,160 barrels872 $57.52 15,199 barrels862 $56.71 
NGL1,667 barrels47 $28.19 1,633 barrels45 $27.56 
Linefill subtotal  919    907  
Long-term inventory        
Crude oil3,289 barrels325 $98.81 2,973 barrels209 $70.30 
NGL1,071 barrels49 $45.75 1,135 barrels44 $38.77 
Long-term inventory subtotal  374    253  
Total  $1,820    $1,943  
(1)Price per unit of measure is comprised of a weighted average associated with various grades, qualities and locations. Accordingly, these prices may not coincide with any published benchmarks for such products.
15
PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 6—Debt
     
Debt consisted of the following (in millions):

March 31,
2022		December 31,
2021
SHORT-TERM DEBT  
PAA commercial paper notes, bearing a weighted-average interest rate of 0.8% (1)
$382 $— 
PAA senior notes:
3.65% senior notes due June 2022 (2)
— 750 
2.85% senior notes due January 2023
400 — 
Other118 72 
Total short-term debt900 822 
LONG-TERM DEBT
PAA senior notes, net of unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs of $52 and $54, respectively
7,931 8,329 
Other55 69 
Total long-term debt7,986 8,398 
Total debt (3)
$8,886 $9,220 
(1)We classified these PAA commercial paper notes as short-term as of March 31, 2022, as these notes were primarily designated as working capital borrowings, were required to be repaid within one year and were primarily for hedged NGL and crude oil inventory and NYMEX and ICE margin deposits.
(2)These senior notes were redeemed on March 1, 2022.
(3)PAA’s fixed-rate senior notes had a face value of approximately $8.4 billion and $9.1 billion as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. We estimated the aggregate fair value of these notes as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 to be approximately $8.4 billion and $9.9 billion, respectively. PAA’s fixed-rate senior notes are traded among institutions, and these trades are routinely published by a reporting service. Our determination of fair value is based on reported trading activity near the end of the reporting period. We estimate that the carrying value of outstanding borrowings under PAA’s commercial paper program approximates fair value as interest rates reflect current market rates. The fair value estimates for PAA’s senior notes and commercial paper notes are based upon observable market data and are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Borrowings and Repayments
 
Total borrowings under the PAA credit facilities and commercial paper program for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 were approximately $5.6 billion and $14.2 billion, respectively. Total repayments under the PAA credit facilities and commercial paper program were approximately $5.2 billion and $14.8 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The variance in total gross borrowings and repayments is impacted by various business and financial factors including, but not limited to, the timing, average term and method of general partnership borrowing activities.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, PAA redeemed its 3.65%, $750 million senior notes due June 2022.

Letters of Credit
 
In connection with our merchant activities, we provide certain suppliers with irrevocable standby letters of credit to secure our obligation for the purchase and transportation of crude oil and NGL. Additionally, we issue letters of credit to support insurance programs, derivative transactions, including hedging-related margin obligations, and construction activities. At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had outstanding letters of credit of $34 million and $98 million, respectively.

16
PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 7—Partners’ Capital and Distributions
 
Shares Outstanding
 
The following tables present the activity for our Class A shares, Class B shares and Class C shares:

 Class A SharesClass B SharesClass C Shares
Outstanding at December 31, 2021194,192,777 46,645,514 534,596,831 
Conversion of AAP Management Units (1)
— 205,024 — 
Exchange Right exercises (1)
35,700 (35,700)— 
Redemption Right exercises (1)
— (11,957)11,957 
Repurchase of common units by a subsidiary under the Common Equity Repurchase Program— — (2,375,299)
Other— — 51,937 
Outstanding at March 31, 2022194,228,477 46,802,881 532,285,426 
 
 Class A SharesClass B SharesClass C Shares
Outstanding at December 31, 2020194,051,436 50,640,192 547,717,762 
Conversion of AAP Management Units (1)
— 414,608 — 
Exchange Right exercises (1)
46,879 (46,879)— 
Redemption Right exercises (1)
— (229,931)229,931 
Repurchase of common units by a subsidiary under the Common Equity Repurchase Program— — (350,000)
Other— — 25,431 
Outstanding at March 31, 2021194,098,315 50,777,990 547,623,124 
(1)See Note 12 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part IV of our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding conversions of AAP Management Units, Exchange Rights and Redemption Rights.

Distributions
 
The following table details distributions to our Class A shareholders paid during or pertaining to the first three months of 2022 (in millions, except per share data):

Distribution Payment DateDistributions to
Class A Shareholders		Distributions per
Class A Share
May 13, 2022 (1)
$42 $0.2175 
February 14, 2022$35 $0.1800 
(1)Payable to shareholders of record at the close of business on April 29, 2022 for the period from January 1, 2022 through March 31, 2022.

Consolidated Subsidiaries
 
Noncontrolling Interests in Subsidiaries
 
As of March 31, 2022, noncontrolling interests in our subsidiaries consisted of (i) limited partner interests in PAA including a 69% interest in PAA’s common units and PAA’s Series A preferred units combined and 100% of PAA’s Series B preferred units, (ii) an approximate 19% limited partner interest in AAP, (iii) a 35% interest in Plains Oryx Permian Basin LLC (the “Permian JV”) and (iv) a 33% interest in Red River Pipeline Company LLC (“Red River LLC”).

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PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Common Equity Repurchase Program

PAA repurchased 2.4 million and 0.4 million common units under the Common Equity Repurchase Program (the “Program”) through open market purchases that settled during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, for a total purchase price of $25 million and $3 million, respectively, including commissions and fees. The repurchased PAA common units were canceled immediately upon acquisition, as were the Class C shares held by PAA associated with the repurchased common units. At March 31, 2022, the remaining available capacity under the Program was $247 million. See Note 12 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part IV of our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding the Program.

Subsidiary Distributions
 
PAA Series A Preferred Unit Distributions. The following table details distributions to PAA’s Series A preferred unitholders paid during or pertaining to the first three months of 2022 (in millions, except per unit data):

Series A Preferred Unitholders
Distribution Payment DateCash DistributionDistribution per Unit
May 13, 2022 (1)
$37 $0.525 
February 14, 2022$37 $0.525 
(1)Payable to unitholders of record at the close of business on April 29, 2022 for the period from January 1, 2022 through March 31, 2022. At March 31, 2022, such amount was accrued as distributions payable in “Other current liabilities” on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

PAA Series B Preferred Unit Distributions. Distributions on PAA’s Series B preferred units are payable semi-annually in arrears on the 15th day of May and November. The following table details distributions paid to PAA’s Series B preferred unitholders (in millions, except per unit data):

Series B Preferred Unitholders
Distribution Payment DateCash Distribution Distribution per Unit
May 16, 2022 (1)
$24.5 $30.625 
(1)Payable to unitholders of record at the close of business on May 2, 2022 for the period from November 15, 2021 through May 14, 2022.

At March 31, 2022, approximately $18 million of accrued distributions payable to PAA’s Series B preferred unitholders was included in “Other current liabilities” on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

PAA Common Unit Distributions. The following table details distributions to PAA’s common unitholders paid during or pertaining to the first three months of 2022 (in millions, except per unit data):

 DistributionsCash Distribution per Common Unit
Common UnitholdersTotal Cash Distribution
Distribution Payment DatePublicAAP
May 13, 2022 (1)
$100 $53 $153 $0.2175 
February 14, 2022$84 $43 $127 $0.1800 
(1)Payable to unitholders of record at the close of business on April 29, 2022 for the period from January 1, 2022 through March 31, 2022.

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PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AAP Distributions. The following table details the distributions to AAP’s partners paid during or pertaining to the first three months of 2022 from distributions received from PAA (in millions):

 
Distributions to AAP’s Partners
Distribution Payment DateNoncontrolling InterestsPAGPTotal Cash Distribution
May 13, 2022 (1)
$11 $42 $53 
February 14, 2022$8 $35 $43 
(1)Payable to unitholders of record at the close of business on April 29, 2022 for the period from January 1, 2022 through March 31, 2022.

Other Distributions. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we paid distributions of $54 million and $5 million to noncontrolling interests in the Permian JV and Red River LLC, respectively.

Note 8—Derivatives and Risk Management Activities
 
We identify the risks that underlie our core business activities and use risk management strategies to mitigate those risks when we determine that there is value in doing so. We use various derivative instruments to optimize our profits while managing our exposure to (i) commodity price risk, (ii) interest rate risk and (iii) currency exchange rate risk. Our commodity price risk management policies and procedures are designed to help ensure that our hedging activities address our risks by monitoring our derivative positions, as well as physical volumes, grades, locations, delivery schedules and storage capacity. Our interest rate and currency exchange rate risk management policies and procedures are designed to monitor our derivative positions and ensure that those positions are consistent with our objectives and approved strategies. Our policy is to use derivative instruments for risk management purposes and not for the purpose of speculating on changes in commodity prices, interest rates or currency exchange rates. When we apply hedge accounting, our policy is to formally document all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as our risk management objectives for undertaking the hedge. This process includes specific identification of the hedging instrument and the hedged transaction, the nature of the risk being hedged and how the hedging instrument’s effectiveness will be assessed. At the inception of the hedging relationship, we assess whether the derivatives employed are highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of anticipated hedged transactions. Throughout the hedging relationship, retrospective and prospective hedge effectiveness is assessed on a qualitative basis.

We record all open derivatives on the balance sheet as either assets or liabilities measured at fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognized currently in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria are met. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, changes in fair value are deferred in AOCI and recognized in earnings in the periods during which the underlying hedged transactions are recognized in earnings. Derivatives that are not designated in a hedging relationship for accounting purposes are recognized in earnings each period. Cash settlements associated with our derivative activities are classified within the same category as the related hedged item in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Our financial derivatives, used for hedging risk, are governed through ISDA master agreements and clearing brokerage agreements. These agreements include stipulations regarding the right of set off in the event that we or our counterparty default on performance obligations. If a default were to occur, both parties have the right to net amounts payable and receivable into a single net settlement between parties.

At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, none of our outstanding derivatives contained credit-risk related contingent features that would result in a material adverse impact to us upon any change in our credit ratings. Although we may be required to post margin on our exchange-traded derivatives transacted through a clearing brokerage account, as described below, we do not require our non-cleared derivative counterparties to post collateral with us.
 
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PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Commodity Price Risk Hedging
 
Our core business activities involve certain commodity price-related risks that we manage in various ways, including through the use of derivative instruments. Our policy is to (i) only purchase inventory for which we have a sales market, (ii) structure our sales contracts so that price fluctuations do not materially affect our operating income and (iii) not acquire and hold material physical inventory or derivatives for the purpose of speculating on commodity price changes. The material commodity-related risks inherent in our business activities can be divided into the following general categories:
 
Commodity Purchases and Sales — In the normal course of our operations, we purchase and sell commodities. We use derivatives to manage the associated risks and to optimize profits. As of March 31, 2022, net derivative positions related to these activities included:
 
•A net long position of 6.6 million barrels associated with our crude oil purchases, which was unwound ratably during April 2022 to match monthly average pricing.
•A net short time spread position of 5.3 million barrels, which hedges a portion of our anticipated crude oil lease gathering purchases through May 2023.
•A net crude oil basis spread position of 1.2 million barrels at multiple locations through November 2023. These derivatives allow us to lock in grade and location basis differentials.
•A net short position of 11.0 million barrels through December 2023 related to anticipated net sales of crude oil and NGL inventory.
 
Natural Gas Processing/NGL Fractionation — We purchase natural gas for processing and operational needs. Additionally, we purchase NGL mix for fractionation and sell the resulting individual specification products (including ethane, propane, butane and condensate). In conjunction with these activities, we hedge the price risk associated with the purchase of the natural gas and the subsequent sale of the individual specification products. The following table summarizes our open derivative positions utilized to hedge the price risk associated with anticipated purchases and sales related to our natural gas processing and NGL fractionation activities as of March 31, 2022:

Notional Volume
(Short)/LongRemaining Tenor
Natural gas purchases
82.6 Bcf
December 2024
Propane sales
(15.5) MMbls
December 2024
Butane sales
(3.8) MMbls
December 2024
Condensate sales
(1.5) MMbls
December 2024
Fuel gas requirements (1)
8.8 Bcf
December 2023
Power supply requirements (1)
0.5 TWh
December 2023
(1)Positions to hedge a portion of our power supply and fuel gas requirements at our Canadian natural gas processing and fractionation plants.

Physical commodity contracts that meet the definition of a derivative but are ineligible, or not designated, for the normal purchases and normal sales scope exception are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. We have determined that substantially all of our physical commodity contracts qualify for the normal purchases and normal sales scope exception.

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PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Our commodity derivatives are not designated in a hedging relationship for accounting purposes; as such, changes in the fair value are reported in earnings. The following table summarizes the impact of our commodity derivatives recognized in earnings (in millions):

 Three Months Ended
March 31,
 20222021
Product sales revenues$(213)$(314)
Field operating costs13 39 
   Net loss from commodity derivative activity$(200)$(275)

Our accounting policy is to offset derivative assets and liabilities executed with the same counterparty when a master netting arrangement exists. Accordingly, we also offset derivative assets and liabilities with amounts associated with cash margin. Our exchange-traded derivatives are transacted through clearing brokerage accounts and are subject to margin requirements as established by the respective exchange. On a daily basis, our account equity (consisting of the sum of our cash balance and the fair value of our open derivatives) is compared to our initial margin requirement resulting in the payment or return of variation margin. The following table provides the components of our net broker receivable (in millions):
March 31,
2022		December 31,
2021
Initial margin$102 $133 
Variation margin posted
296 173 
Letters of credit
(25)(47)
Net broker receivable$373 $259 

The following table reflects the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet line items that include the fair values of our commodity derivative assets and liabilities and the effect of the collateral netting. Such amounts are presented on a gross basis, before the effects of counterparty netting. However, we have elected to present our commodity derivative assets and liabilities with the same counterparty on a net basis on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet when the legal right of offset exists. Amounts in the table below are presented in millions.

March 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Effect of Collateral NettingNet Carrying Value Presented on the Balance SheetEffect of Collateral NettingNet Carrying Value Presented on the Balance Sheet
Commodity DerivativesCommodity Derivatives
AssetsLiabilitiesAssetsLiabilities
Derivative Assets
Other current assets$230 $(331)$373 $272 $90 $(210)$259 $139 
Other long-term assets, net12 — — 12 3 — — 3 
Derivative Liabilities
Other current liabilities11 (51)— (40)4 (24)— (20)
Other long-term liabilities and deferred credits8 (28)— (20)3 (9)— (6)
Total$261 $(410)$373 $224 $100 $(243)$259 $116 
 
Interest Rate Risk Hedging
 
We use interest rate derivatives to hedge the benchmark interest rate associated with interest payments occurring as a result of debt issuances. The derivative instruments we use to manage this risk consist of forward starting interest rate swaps and treasury locks. These derivatives are designated as cash flow hedges. As such, changes in fair value are deferred in AOCI and are reclassified to interest expense as we incur the interest expense associated with the underlying debt.
 
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PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following table summarizes the terms of our outstanding interest rate derivatives as of March 31, 2022 (notional amounts in millions):

Hedged TransactionNumber and Types of
Derivatives Employed		Notional
Amount		Expected
Termination Date		Average Rate
Locked		Accounting
Treatment
Anticipated interest payments
8 forward starting swaps
(30-year)
$200 6/15/20231.38 %Cash flow hedge
Anticipated interest payments
8 forward starting swaps
(30-year)
$200 6/14/20240.73 %Cash flow hedge
 
As of March 31, 2022, there was a net loss of $173 million deferred in AOCI. The deferred net loss recorded in AOCI is expected to be reclassified to future earnings contemporaneously with interest expense accruals associated with underlying debt instruments. We estimate that substantially all of the remaining deferred loss will be reclassified to earnings through 2054 as the underlying hedged transactions impact earnings. A portion of these amounts is based on market prices as of March 31, 2022; thus, actual amounts to be reclassified will differ and could vary materially as a result of changes in market conditions.

The following table summarizes the net unrealized gain recognized in AOCI for derivatives (in millions):

Three Months Ended
March 31,
 20222021
Interest rate derivatives, net$32 $68 

At March 31, 2022, the net fair value of our interest rate hedges, which were included in “Other long-term assets, net” on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, totaled $97 million. At December 31, 2021, the net fair value of these hedges totaled $65 million and was included in “Other long-term assets, net.”

Preferred Distribution Rate Reset Option

A derivative feature embedded in a contract that does not meet the definition of a derivative in its entirety must be bifurcated and accounted for separately if the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded derivative are not clearly and closely related to those of the host contract. The Preferred Distribution Rate Reset Option of the PAA Series A preferred units is an embedded derivative that must be bifurcated from the related host contract, the PAA partnership agreement, and recorded at fair value on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. This embedded derivative is not designated in a hedging relationship for accounting purposes and corresponding changes in fair value are recognized in “Other expense, net” in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, we recognized losses of $44 million and $67 million, respectively. The fair value of the Preferred Distribution Rate Reset Option, which was included in “Other long-term liabilities and deferred credits” on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, totaled $44 million and less than $1 million at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. See Note 12 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part IV of our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding the PAA Series A preferred units and the Preferred Distribution Rate Reset Option.
 
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PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
 
Derivative Financial Assets and Liabilities
 
The following table sets forth by level within the fair value hierarchy our financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis (in millions):

 Fair Value as of March 31, 2022Fair Value as of December 31, 2021
Recurring Fair Value Measures (1)
Level 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
Commodity derivatives$(76)$(73)$— $(149)$(17)$(124)$(2)$(143)
Interest rate derivatives— 97 — 97 — 65 — 65 
Preferred Distribution Rate Reset Option and Other— — (44)(44)— — — — 
Total net derivative asset/(liability)$(76)$24 $(44)$(96)$(17)$(59)$(2)$(78)
(1)Derivative assets and liabilities are presented above on a net basis but do not include related cash margin deposits.

Level 1
 
Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy includes exchange-traded commodity derivatives and over-the-counter commodity contracts such as futures and swaps. The fair value of exchange-traded commodity derivatives and over-the-counter commodity contracts is based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets.
 
Level 2
 
Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy includes exchange-cleared commodity derivatives and over-the-counter commodity, interest rate and foreign currency derivatives that are traded in observable markets with less volume and transaction frequency than active markets. In addition, it includes certain physical commodity contracts. The fair values of these derivatives are corroborated with market observable inputs.
 
Level 3
 
Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy includes certain physical commodity and other contracts, over-the-counter options and the Preferred Distribution Rate Reset Option contained in PAA’s partnership agreement which is classified as an embedded derivative.
 
The fair values of our Level 3 physical commodity and other contracts and over-the-counter options are based on valuation models utilizing significant timing estimates, which involve management judgment, and pricing inputs from observable and unobservable markets with less volume and transaction frequency than active markets. Significant deviations from these estimates and inputs could result in a material change in fair value. We report unrealized gains and losses associated with these contracts in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as Product sales revenues.

The fair value of the embedded derivative feature contained in PAA’s partnership agreement is based on a valuation model that estimates the fair value of the PAA Series A preferred units with and without the Preferred Distribution Rate Reset Option. This model contains inputs, including PAA’s common unit price, ten-year U.S. Treasury rates, default probabilities and timing estimates, some of which involve management judgment. A significant change in these inputs could result in a material change in fair value to this embedded derivative feature.

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PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Rollforward of Level 3 Net Asset/(Liability)
 
The following table provides a reconciliation of changes in fair value of the beginning and ending balances for our derivatives classified as Level 3 (in millions):

Three Months Ended
March 31,
 20222021
Beginning Balance$(2)$(29)
Net losses for the period included in earnings(44)(67)
Settlements2 4 
Ending Balance$(44)$(92)
Change in unrealized losses included in earnings relating to Level 3 derivatives still held at the end of the period$(44)$(67)

Note 9—Related Party Transactions
 
See Note 17 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part IV of our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a complete discussion of related parties, including the determination of our related parties and nature of involvement with such related parties.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, we recognized sales and transportation revenues, purchased petroleum products and utilized transportation and storage services from our related parties. These transactions were conducted at posted tariff rates or prices that we believe approximate market.

The impact to our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations from these transactions is included below (in millions):
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 20222021
Revenues from related parties$12 $7 
Purchases and related costs from related parties$97 $90 

Our receivable and payable amounts with these related parties as reflected on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows (in millions):

March 31,
2022		December 31,
2021
Trade accounts receivable and other receivables, net from related parties (1)
$56 $41 
Trade accounts payable to related parties (1) (2)
$75 $72 
(1)Includes amounts related to crude oil purchases and sales, transportation and storage services and amounts owed to us or advanced to us related to investment capital projects of equity method investees where we serve as construction manager.
(2)We have agreements to store crude oil at facilities and transport crude oil or utilize capacity on pipelines that are owned by equity method investees. A portion of our commitment to transport is supported by crude oil buy/sell or other agreements with third parties with commensurate quantities.
 
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PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 10—Commitments and Contingencies
 
Loss Contingencies — General
 
To the extent we are able to assess the likelihood of a negative outcome for a contingency, our assessments of such likelihood range from remote to probable. If we determine that a negative outcome is probable and the amount of loss is reasonably estimable, we accrue an undiscounted liability equal to the estimated amount. If a range of probable loss amounts can be reasonably estimated and no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, then we accrue an undiscounted liability equal to the minimum amount in the range. In addition, we estimate legal fees that we expect to incur associated with loss contingencies and accrue those costs when they are material and probable of being incurred.
 
We do not record a contingent liability when the likelihood of loss is probable but the amount cannot be reasonably estimated or when the likelihood of loss is believed to be only reasonably possible or remote. For contingencies where an unfavorable outcome is reasonably possible and the impact would be material to our consolidated financial statements, we disclose the nature of the contingency and, where feasible, an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss.

Legal Proceedings — General
 
In the ordinary course of business, we are involved in various legal proceedings, including those arising from regulatory and environmental matters. In connection with determining the probability of loss associated with such legal proceedings and whether any potential losses associated therewith are estimable, we take into account what we believe to be all relevant known facts and circumstances, and what we believe to be reasonable assumptions regarding the application of those facts and circumstances to existing agreements, laws and regulations. Although we are insured against various risks to the extent we believe it is prudent, there is no assurance that the nature and amount of such insurance will be adequate, in every case, to fully protect us from losses arising from current or future legal proceedings. Accordingly, we can provide no assurance that the outcome of the various legal proceedings that we are currently involved in, or will become involved with in the future, will not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Environmental — General
 
We currently own or lease, and in the past have owned and leased, properties where hazardous liquids, including hydrocarbons, are or have been handled. These properties and the hazardous liquids or associated wastes disposed thereon may be subject to the U.S. federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, as amended, and the U.S. federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, as amended, as well as state and Canadian federal and provincial laws and regulations. Under such laws and regulations, we could be required to remove or remediate hazardous liquids or associated wastes (including wastes disposed of or released by prior owners or operators) and to clean up contaminated property (including contaminated groundwater). Assets we have acquired or will acquire in the future may have environmental remediation liabilities for which we are not indemnified.

Although we have made significant investments in our maintenance and integrity programs, we have experienced (and likely will experience future) releases of hydrocarbon products into the environment from our pipeline, rail, storage and other facility operations. These releases can result from accidents or from unpredictable man-made or natural forces and may reach surface water bodies, groundwater aquifers or other sensitive environments. We also may discover environmental impacts from past releases that were previously unidentified. Damages and liabilities associated with any such releases from our existing or future assets could be significant and could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
 
We record environmental liabilities when environmental assessments and/or remedial efforts are probable and the amounts can be reasonably estimated. Generally, our recording of these accruals coincides with our completion of a feasibility study or our commitment to a formal plan of action. We do not discount our environmental remediation liabilities to present value. We also record environmental liabilities assumed in business combinations based on the estimated fair value of the environmental obligations caused by past operations of the acquired company. We record receivables for amounts we believe are recoverable from insurance or from third parties under indemnification agreements in the period that we determine the costs are probable of recovery.
 
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PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Environmental expenditures that pertain to current operations or to future revenues are expensed or capitalized consistent with our capitalization policy for property and equipment. Expenditures that result from the remediation of an existing condition caused by past operations and that do not contribute to current or future profitability are expensed.
 
At March 31, 2022, our estimated undiscounted reserve for environmental liabilities (excluding liabilities related to the Line 901 incident, as discussed further below) totaled $59 million, of which $9 million was classified as short-term and $50 million was classified as long-term. At December 31, 2021, our estimated undiscounted reserve for environmental liabilities (excluding liabilities related to the Line 901 incident) totaled $57 million, of which $11 million was classified as short-term and $46 million was classified as long-term. Such short-term liabilities are reflected in “Other current liabilities” and long-term liabilities are reflected in “Other long-term liabilities and deferred credits” on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. At both March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had recorded receivables (excluding receivables related to the Line 901 incident) totaling $11 million, for amounts probable of recovery under insurance and from third parties under indemnification agreements, $1 million of which for each period is reflected in “Other long-term assets, net” and the remainder is reflected in “Trade accounts receivable and other receivables, net” on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. 
 
In some cases, the actual cash expenditures associated with these liabilities may not occur for three years or longer. Our estimates used in determining these reserves are based on information currently available to us and our assessment of the ultimate outcome. Among the many uncertainties that impact our estimates are the necessary regulatory approvals for, and potential modification of, our remediation plans, the limited amount of data available upon initial assessment of the impact of soil or water contamination, changes in costs associated with environmental remediation services and equipment and the possibility of existing or future legal claims giving rise to additional liabilities. Therefore, although we believe that the reserve is adequate, actual costs incurred (which may ultimately include costs for contingencies that are currently not reasonably estimable or costs for contingencies where the likelihood of loss is currently believed to be only reasonably possible or remote) may be in excess of the reserve and may potentially have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
 
Specific Legal, Environmental or Regulatory Matters

Line 901 Incident. In May 2015, we experienced a crude oil release from our Las Flores to Gaviota Pipeline (Line 901) in Santa Barbara County, California. A portion of the released crude oil reached the Pacific Ocean at Refugio State Beach through a drainage culvert. Following the release, we shut down the pipeline and initiated our emergency response plan. A Unified Command, which included the United States Coast Guard, the EPA, the State of California Department of Fish and Wildlife (“CDFW”), the California Office of Spill Prevention and Response and the Santa Barbara Office of Emergency Management, was established for the response effort. Clean-up and remediation operations with respect to impacted shoreline and other areas has been determined by the Unified Command to be complete, and the Unified Command has been dissolved. Our estimate of the amount of oil spilled, based on relevant facts, data and information, and as set forth in the Consent Decree described below, is approximately 2,934 barrels; of this amount, we estimate that 598 barrels reached the Pacific Ocean.

As a result of the Line 901 incident, several governmental agencies and regulators initiated investigations into the Line 901 incident, various claims have been made against us and a number of lawsuits have been filed against us, the majority of which have been resolved. Set forth below is a brief summary of actions and matters that are currently pending or recently resolved:
     
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PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As the “responsible party” for the Line 901 incident we are liable for various costs and for certain natural resource damages under the Oil Pollution Act. In this regard, following the Line 901 incident, we entered into a cooperative Natural Resource Damage Assessment (“NRDA”) process with the federal and state agencies designated or authorized by law to act as trustees for the natural resources of the United States and the State of California (collectively, the “Trustees”). Additionally, various government agencies sought to collect civil fines and penalties under applicable state and federal regulations. On March 13, 2020, the United States and the People of the State of California filed a civil complaint against Plains All American Pipeline, L.P. and Plains Pipeline L.P. along with a pre-negotiated settlement agreement in the form of a Consent Decree (the “Consent Decree”) that was signed by the United States Department of Justice, Environmental and Natural Resources Division, the United States Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, the EPA, CDFW, the California Department of Parks and Recreation, the California State Lands Commission, the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection’s Office of the State Fire Marshal, Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board, and Regents of the University of California. The Consent Decree was approved and entered by the Federal District Court for the Central District of California on October 14, 2020. Pursuant to the terms of the Consent Decree, Plains paid $24 million in civil penalties and $22.325 million as compensation for injuries to, destruction of, loss of, or loss of use of natural resources resulting from the Line 901 incident. The Consent Decree also contains requirements for implementing certain agreed-upon injunctive relief, as well as requirements for potentially restarting Line 901 and the Sisquoc to Pentland portion of Line 903. The Consent Decree resolved all regulatory claims related to the incident.

Following an investigation and grand jury proceedings, in May of 2016, PAA was charged by a California state grand jury, pursuant to an indictment filed in California Superior Court, Santa Barbara County (the “May 2016 Indictment”), with alleged violations of California law in connection with the Line 901 incident. Fifteen charges from the May 2016 Indictment were the subject of a jury trial in California Superior Court in Santa Barbara County, and the jury returned a verdict on September 7, 2018, pursuant to which we were (i) found guilty on one felony discharge count and eight misdemeanor counts (which included one reporting count, one strict liability discharge count and six strict liability animal takings counts) and (ii) found not guilty on one strict liability animal takings count. The remaining counts were subsequently dismissed by the Court. On April 25, 2019, PAA was sentenced to pay fines and penalties in the aggregate amount of just under $3.35 million for the convictions covered by the September 2018 jury verdict (the “2019 Sentence”). The fines and penalties imposed in connection with the 2019 Sentence have been paid. In September 2021, the Superior Court concluded a series of hearings on the issue of whether there were any “direct victims” of the spill that are entitled to restitution under applicable criminal law. Through a series of final orders issued at the trial court level and without affecting any rights of the claimants under civil law, the Court dismissed the vast majority of the claims and ruled that the claimants were not entitled to restitution under applicable criminal laws. The Court did award an aggregate amount of less than $150,000 to a handful of claimants and we settled with approximately 40 claimants before the hearings for aggregate consideration that is not material. The prosecution and certain separately represented claimants have appealed the Court’s rulings.

Shortly following the Line 901 incident, we established a claims line and encouraged any parties that were damaged by the release to contact us to discuss their damage claims. We received a number of claims through the claims line and we have processed those claims and made payments as appropriate. Nine class action lawsuits were filed against us; however, after various claims were either dismissed or consolidated, two proceedings remain pending in the United States District Court for the Central District of California. In the first proceeding, the plaintiffs claim two different classes of claimants were damaged by the release: (i) commercial fishermen who landed fish in certain specified fishing blocks in the waters off the coast of Southern California or persons or businesses who resold commercial seafood caught in those areas; and (ii) owners and lessees of residential beachfront properties, or properties with a private easement to a beach, where plaintiffs claim oil from the spill washed up. In order to fully and finally resolve all claims and litigation for both classes, we have reached an agreement in principle to settle this case in exchange for a payment of $230 million (the “Class Action Settlement”). The Class Action Settlement is subject to negotiation of final documentation and approval of the trial court. In the second proceeding, the plaintiffs seek a declaratory judgment that Plains’ right-of-way agreements would not allow Plains to lay a new pipeline to replace Line 901 and/or the non-operating segment of Line 903 without paying additional compensation. No trial date has been set in that action.

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PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
In addition, after various other unitholder derivative lawsuits were either dismissed or consolidated, one proceeding remains pending in Delaware Chancery Court. Generally, the plaintiffs in the remaining derivative lawsuit claim that our Board of Directors failed to exercise proper oversight over PAA’s pipeline integrity efforts. In April 2022, Plains entered into a settlement agreement to settle this lawsuit, subject to court approval and notice to all PAA unitholders (the “Derivative Settlement”). Following court approval, we intend to effect notice to all PAA unitholders by filing a Current Report on Form 8-K with the SEC. The key terms of the Derivative Settlement include a payment of Plaintiff’s attorneys’ fees by our insurers in the amount of approximately $2.0 million and the agreement of Plains to comply with various covenants regarding the implementation or continuation of certain Board oversight practices with respect to pipeline integrity.

We also received several other individual lawsuits and claims from companies, governmental agencies and individuals alleging damages arising out of the Line 901 incident. These lawsuits and claims generally seek restitution, compensatory and punitive damages, and/or injunctive relief. The majority of these lawsuits have been settled or dismissed by the court. The following lawsuits remain: (i) a lawsuit pending in the United States District Court for the Central District of California for lost revenue or profit asserted by a former oil producer that declared bankruptcy and shut in its offshore production platform following the Line 901 incident; (ii) a lawsuit filed by the California State Land Commission in California Superior Court in Santa Barbara County, seeking lost royalties following the shut-down of Line 901, as well as cost related to the decommissioning of such platform, and (iii) lawsuits filed in California Superior Court in Santa Barbara County, by various companies and individuals who provided labor, goods, or services associated with oil production activities they claim were disrupted following the Line 901 incident. We are vigorously defending these remaining lawsuits and believe we have strong defenses, including a lack of duty owed to the claimants to keep Line 901 in service.

In connection with the foregoing, including the Class Action Settlement and the Derivative Settlement, we have made adjustments to our total estimated Line 901 costs and the portion of such costs that we believe are probable of recovery from insurance carriers, net of deductibles. Effective as of March 31, 2022, we estimate that the aggregate total costs we have incurred or will incur with respect to the Line 901 incident will be approximately $725 million, which includes actual and projected emergency response and clean-up costs, natural resource damage assessments, fines and penalties payable pursuant to the Consent Decree, certain third party claims settlements (including the Class Action Settlement and the Derivative Settlement), and estimated costs associated with our remaining Line 901 lawsuits and claims as described above, as well as estimates for certain legal fees and statutory interest where applicable. We accrue such estimates of aggregate total costs to “Field operating costs” in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. This estimate considers our prior experience in environmental investigation and remediation matters and available data from, and in consultation with, our environmental and other specialists, as well as currently available facts and presently enacted laws and regulations. We have made assumptions for (i) the resolution of certain third party claims and lawsuits, but excluding claims and lawsuits with respect to which losses are not probable and reasonably estimable, and excluding future claims and lawsuits and (ii) the nature, extent and cost of legal services that will be required in connection with all lawsuits, claims and other matters requiring legal or expert advice associated with the Line 901 incident. Our estimate does not include any lost revenue associated with the shutdown of Line 901 or 903 and does not include any liabilities or costs that are not reasonably estimable at this time or that relate to contingencies where we currently regard the likelihood of loss as being only reasonably possible or remote. We believe we have accrued adequate amounts for all probable and reasonably estimable costs; however, this estimate is subject to uncertainties associated with the assumptions that we have made. For example, with respect to potential losses that we regard as only reasonably possible or remote, we have made assumptions regarding the strength of our legal position based on our assessment of the relevant facts and applicable law and precedent; if our assumptions regarding such matters turn out to be inaccurate (i.e., we are found to be liable under circumstances where we regard the likelihood of loss as being only reasonably possible or remote), we could be responsible for significant costs and expenses that are not currently included in our estimates and accruals. In addition, for any potential losses that we regard as probable and for which we have accrued an estimate of the potential losses, our estimates regarding damages, legal fees, court costs and interest could turn out to be inaccurate and the actual losses we incur could be significantly higher than the amounts included in our estimates and accruals. Also, the amount of time it takes for us to resolve all of the current and future lawsuits and claims that relate to the Line 901 incident could turn out to be significantly longer than we have assumed, and as a result the costs we incur for legal services could be significantly higher than we have estimated. Accordingly, our assumptions and estimates may turn out to be inaccurate and our total costs could turn out to be materially higher; therefore, we can provide no assurance that we will not have to accrue significant additional costs in the future with respect to the Line 901 incident.

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PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As of March 31, 2022, we had a remaining undiscounted gross liability of $335 million related to this event, which aggregate amount is reflected in “Trade accounts payable” and “Other current liabilities” on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. We maintain insurance coverage, which is subject to certain exclusions and deductibles, in the event of such environmental liabilities; however, after giving effect to the settlements described above and assuming full collection of costs that we believe are probable of recovery from insurance providers, net of deductibles, we will reach the limit of our $500 million 2015 insurance program applicable to the Line 901 incident. Through March 31, 2022, we had collected, subject to customary reservations, approximately $260 million out of the $500 million of release costs that we believe are probable of recovery from insurance carriers, net of deductibles. Therefore, as of March 31, 2022, we have recognized a receivable of approximately $240 million for the portion of the release costs that we believe is probable of recovery from insurance, net of deductibles and amounts already collected. Such amount is recognized as a current asset in “Trade accounts receivable and other receivables, net” on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. We have completed the required clean-up and remediation work as determined by the Unified Command and the Unified Command has been dissolved; however, we expect to make payments for additional costs associated with restoration of the impacted areas, as well as legal, professional and regulatory costs during future periods. Taking into account the costs that we have included in our total estimate of costs for the Line 901 incident and considering what we regard as very strong defenses to the claims made in our remaining Line 901 lawsuits, we do not believe the ultimate resolution of such remaining lawsuits will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Insurance

Pipelines, terminals, trucks or other facilities or equipment may experience damage as a result of an accident, natural disaster, terrorist attack, cyber event or other event. These hazards can cause personal injury and loss of life, severe damage to and destruction of property and equipment, pollution or environmental damage and suspension of operations. Consistent with insurance coverage generally available in the industry, in certain circumstances our insurance policies provide limited coverage for losses or liabilities relating to gradual pollution, with broader coverage for sudden and accidental occurrences. We maintain various types and varying levels of insurance coverage to cover our operations and properties, and we self-insure certain risks, including gradual pollution, cybersecurity and named windstorms. However, such insurance does not cover every potential risk that might occur, associated with operating pipelines, terminals and other facilities and equipment, including the potential loss of significant revenues and cash flows.

The occurrence of a significant event not fully insured, indemnified or reserved against, or the failure of a party to meet its indemnification obligations, could materially and adversely affect our operations and financial condition. While we strive to maintain adequate insurance coverage, our actual costs may exceed our coverage levels and insurance will not cover many types of interruptions that might occur, will not cover amounts up to applicable deductibles and will not cover all risks associated with certain of our assets and operations. With respect to our insurance coverage, our policies are subject to deductibles and retention levels that we consider reasonable and not excessive. Additionally, no assurance can be given that we will be able to maintain adequate insurance in the future at rates we consider reasonable. As a result, we may elect to self-insure or utilize higher deductibles in certain other insurance programs. In addition, although we believe that we have established adequate reserves and liquidity to the extent such risks are not insured, costs incurred in excess of these reserves may be higher or we may not receive insurance proceeds in a timely manner, which may potentially have a material adverse effect on our financial conditions, results of operations or cash flows.
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PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 11—Segment Information
 
During the fourth quarter of 2021, we effected changes in the primary financial information provided to our CODM for assessing performance and allocating resources to present two operating segments, Crude Oil and NGL. Prior to the fourth quarter of 2021, this information was organized into three operating segments: Transportation, Facilities and Supply and Logistics. All segment data and related disclosures for earlier periods presented herein have been recast to reflect the new segment reporting structure. Our CODM evaluates segment performance based on measures including Segment Adjusted EBITDA (as defined below) and maintenance capital. During the fourth quarter of 2021, we modified our definition of Segment Adjusted EBITDA to exclude amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint venture entities. In connection with the Permian JV formation in October 2021, our CODM determined this modification resulted in amounts that were more meaningful to evaluate segment performance. Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint venture entities for earlier periods presented herein have been recast to reflect this modification. See Note 20 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part IV of our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding the modifications to our segment reporting and for a full discussion of our basis for segmentation and performance measures.

We define Segment Adjusted EBITDA as revenues and equity earnings in unconsolidated entities less (a) purchases and related costs, (b) field operating costs and (c) segment general and administrative expenses, plus (d) our proportionate share of the depreciation and amortization expense of unconsolidated entities, further adjusted (e) for certain selected items including (i) gains and losses on derivative instruments that are related to underlying activities in another period (or the reversal of such adjustments from a prior period), gains and losses on derivatives that are either related to investing activities (such as the purchase of linefill) or purchases of long-term inventory, and inventory valuation adjustments, as applicable, (ii) long-term inventory costing adjustments, (iii) charges for obligations that are expected to be settled with the issuance of equity instruments, (iv) amounts related to deficiencies associated with minimum volume commitments, net of the applicable amounts subsequently recognized into revenue and (v) other items that our CODM believes are integral to understanding our core segment operating performance and (f) to exclude the portion of all preceding items that is attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint venture entities (“Adjusted EBITDA attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures”).
 
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PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following tables reflect certain financial data for each segment (in millions):

Crude OilNGLIntersegment Revenues
Elimination		Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Revenues (1):
Product sales$12,811 $682 $(112)$13,381 
Services268 53 (8)313 
Total revenues$13,079 $735 $(120)$13,694 
Equity earnings in unconsolidated entities$97 $— $97 
Segment Adjusted EBITDA$453 $161 $614 
Maintenance capital expenditures$19 $8 $27 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
Revenues (1):
Product sales$7,586 $600 $(103)$8,083 
Services267 39 (6)300 
Total revenues$7,853 $639 $(109)$8,383 
Equity earnings in unconsolidated entities$88 $— $88 
Segment Adjusted EBITDA$474 $69 $543 
Maintenance capital expenditures$28 $7 $35 
(1)Segment revenues include intersegment amounts that are eliminated in Purchases and related costs. Intersegment activities are conducted at posted tariff rates where applicable, or otherwise at rates similar to those charged to third parties or rates that we believe approximate market at the time the agreement is executed or renegotiated.
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PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Segment Adjusted EBITDA Reconciliation

The following table reconciles Segment Adjusted EBITDA to Net income attributable to PAGP (in millions):
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 20222021
Segment Adjusted EBITDA$614 $543 
Adjustments: (1)
Depreciation and amortization of unconsolidated entities (2)
(20)(20)
Gains/(losses) from derivative activities and inventory valuation adjustments (3)
(88)198 
Long-term inventory costing adjustments (4)
92 41 
Deficiencies under minimum volume commitments, net (5)
(6)32 
Equity-indexed compensation expense (6)
(7)(5)
Net gain on foreign currency revaluation (7)
2 1 
Line 901 incident (8)
(85)— 
Adjusted EBITDA attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures (9)
76 3 
Unallocated general and administrative expenses (10)
(1)(1)
Depreciation and amortization(231)(178)
Gains/(losses) on asset sales and asset impairments, net42 (2)
Interest expense, net(107)(107)
Other expense, net(37)(60)
Income before tax244 445 
Income tax expense(35)(53)
Net income209 392 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests(187)(322)
Net income attributable to PAGP$22 $70 
(1)Represents adjustments utilized by our CODM in the evaluation of segment results.
(2)Includes our proportionate share of the depreciation and amortization expense (including write-downs related to cancelled projects) of unconsolidated entities.
(3)We use derivative instruments for risk management purposes and our related processes include specific identification of hedging instruments to an underlying hedged transaction. Although we identify an underlying transaction for each derivative instrument we enter into, there may not be an accounting hedge relationship between the instrument and the underlying transaction. In the course of evaluating our results, we identify differences in the timing of earnings from the derivative instruments and the underlying transactions and exclude the related gains and losses in determining Segment Adjusted EBITDA such that the earnings from the derivative instruments and the underlying transactions impact Segment Adjusted EBITDA in the same period. In addition, we exclude gains and losses on derivatives that are related to (i) investing activities, such as the purchase of linefill, and (ii) purchases of long-term inventory. We also exclude the impact of corresponding inventory valuation adjustments, as applicable.
(4)We carry crude oil and NGL inventory that is comprised of minimum working inventory requirements in third-party assets and other working inventory that is needed for our commercial operations. We consider this inventory necessary to conduct our operations and we intend to carry this inventory for the foreseeable future. Therefore, we classify this inventory as long-term on our balance sheet and do not hedge the inventory with derivative instruments (similar to linefill in our own assets). We exclude the impact of changes in the average cost of the long-term inventory (that result from fluctuations in market prices) and write-downs of such inventory that result from price declines from Segment Adjusted EBITDA.
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PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(5)We, and certain of our equity method investments, have certain agreements that require counterparties to deliver, transport or throughput a minimum volume over an agreed upon period. Substantially all of such agreements were entered into with counterparties to economically support the return on our capital expenditure necessary to construct the related asset. Some of these agreements include make-up rights if the minimum volume is not met. We record a receivable from the counterparty in the period that services are provided or when the transaction occurs, including amounts for deficiency obligations from counterparties associated with minimum volume commitments. If a counterparty has a make-up right associated with a deficiency, we defer the revenue attributable to the counterparty’s make-up right and subsequently recognize the revenue at the earlier of when the deficiency volume is delivered or shipped, when the make-up right expires or when it is determined that the counterparty’s ability to utilize the make-up right is remote. We include the impact of amounts billed to counterparties for their deficiency obligation, net of applicable amounts subsequently recognized into revenue, as a selected item impacting comparability. Our CODM views the inclusion of the contractually committed revenues associated with that period as meaningful to Segment Adjusted EBITDA as the related asset has been constructed, is standing ready to provide the committed service and the fixed operating costs are included in the current period results.
(6)Our total equity-indexed compensation expense includes expense associated with awards that will be settled in PAA common units and awards that will be settled in cash. The awards that will be settled in PAA common units are included in PAA’s diluted net income per unit calculation when the applicable performance criteria have been met. We exclude compensation expense associated with these awards in determining Segment Adjusted EBITDA as the dilutive impact of the outstanding awards is included in PAA’s diluted net income per unit calculation, as applicable. The portion of compensation expense associated with awards that will settle in cash is not excluded in determining Segment Adjusted EBITDA. See Note 18 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part IV of our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion regarding our equity-indexed compensation plans.
(7)During the periods presented, there were fluctuations in the value of CAD to USD, resulting in the realization of foreign exchange gains and losses on the settlement of foreign currency transactions as well as the revaluation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency. These gains and losses are not integral to our core operating performance and were therefore excluded in determining Segment Adjusted EBITDA.
(8)Includes costs recognized during the period related to the Line 901 incident that occurred in May 2015, net of amounts we believe are probable of recovery from insurance. See Note 10 for additional information regarding the Line 901 incident.
(9)Reflects amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Permian JV and Red River LLC.
(10)Represents general and administrative expenses incremental to those of PAA, which are not allocated to our reporting segments in determining Segment Adjusted EBITDA.

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Item 2.    MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
Introduction
 
The following discussion is intended to provide investors with an understanding of our financial condition and results of our operations and should be read in conjunction with our historical Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations as presented in our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For more detailed information regarding the basis of presentation for the following financial information, see the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes that are contained in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
 
Our discussion and analysis includes the following:
 
•Executive Summary
•Results of Operations
•Liquidity and Capital Resources 
•Recent Accounting Pronouncements
•Forward-Looking Statements
 
Executive Summary
 
Company Overview
 
We are a Delaware limited partnership that has elected to be taxed as a corporation for United States federal income tax purposes. As of March 31, 2022, our sole cash-generating assets consisted of (i) a 100% managing member interest in GP LLC and (ii) an approximate 81% limited partner interest in AAP through our direct ownership of AAP units and indirect ownership of AAP units through GP LLC, which also holds the non-economic general partner interest in AAP. As of March 31, 2022, AAP directly owned a limited partner interest in PAA through its ownership of approximately 241.5 million PAA common units (approximately 31% of PAA’s total outstanding common units and Series A preferred units combined). AAP is the sole member of PAA GP, which holds the non-economic general partner interest in PAA.
  
PAA’s business model integrates large-scale supply aggregation capabilities with the ownership and operation of critical midstream infrastructure systems that connect major producing regions to key demand centers and export terminals. As one of the largest midstream service providers in North America, we own an extensive network of pipeline transportation, terminalling, storage and gathering assets in key crude oil and NGL producing basins (including the Permian Basin) and transportation corridors and at major market hubs in the United States and Canada. PAA’s assets and the services it provides are primarily focused on crude oil and NGL.

Segment Changes

During the fourth quarter of 2021, we reorganized our historical operating segments into two operating segments: Crude Oil and NGL. Additionally, during the fourth quarter of 2021, we modified our definition of Segment Adjusted EBITDA to exclude amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint venture entities. See Note 20 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part IV of our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information. All segment data and related disclosures for earlier periods presented herein have been recast to reflect the new segment reporting structure and the modification to our definition of Segment Adjusted EBITDA.
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Overview of Operating Results
 
During the first three months of 2022, we recognized net income of $209 million compared to net income of $392 million recognized during the first three months of 2021. Results for the first three months of 2022 decreased from the comparable 2021 period driven primarily by the impact of the mark-to-market of certain derivative instruments, and, to a lesser extent, the sale of our natural gas storage facilities and higher field operating costs primarily from (i) an increase in estimated costs associated with the Line 901 incident and (ii) gains related to hedged power costs resulting from the extreme winter weather event that occurred in February 2021 (“Winter Storm Uri”) recognized in the first quarter of 2021. These items were partially offset by more favorable margins in our NGL segment and increased earnings from higher tariff volumes on our pipelines.

See the “Results of Operations” section below for further discussion.

Results of Operations
 
Consolidated Results

The following table sets forth an overview of our consolidated financial results calculated in accordance with GAAP (in millions, except per share data): 

Three Months Ended
March 31,		Variance
 20222021$%
Product sales revenues$13,381 $8,083 $5,298 66 %
Services revenues313 300 13 4 %
Purchases and related costs(12,785)(7,392)(5,393)(73)%
Field operating costs(346)(219)(127)(58)%
General and administrative expenses(83)(68)(15)(22)%
Depreciation and amortization(231)(178)(53)(30)%
Gains/(losses) on asset sales and asset impairments, net42 (2)44 **
Equity earnings in unconsolidated entities97 88 9 10 %
Interest expense, net
(107)(107)— — %
Other expense, net(37)(60)23 38 %
Income tax expense(35)(53)18 34 %
Net income209 392 (183)(47)%
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests(187)(322)135 42 %
Net income attributable to PAGP$22 $70 $(48)(69)%
Basic and diluted net income per Class A share$0.11 $0.36 $(0.25)(69)%
Basic and diluted weighted average Class A shares outstanding194 194 — — %
**    Indicates that variance as a percentage is not meaningful.

Revenues and Purchases

Fluctuations in our consolidated revenues and purchases and related costs are primarily associated with our merchant activities and generally explained in large part by changes in commodity prices. Our crude oil and NGL merchant activities are not directly affected by the absolute level of prices because the commodities that we buy and sell are generally indexed to the same pricing indices. Both product sales revenues and purchases and related costs will fluctuate with market prices; however, the absolute margins related to those sales and purchases will not necessarily have a corresponding increase or decrease.
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Additionally, product sales revenues include the impact of gains and losses related to derivative instruments used to manage our exposure to commodity price risk associated with such sales and purchases.

The following table presents the range of the NYMEX WTI benchmark price of crude oil (in dollars per barrel):    

NYMEX WTI
Crude Oil Price
 LowHighAverage
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022$76 $124 $95 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021$48 $66 $58 

Product sales revenues and purchases increased for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021 primarily due to higher prices and volumes in the 2022 period.

Revenues from services increased for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021 primarily due to higher prices and volumes in the 2022 period, partially offset by the impact of the sale of our natural gas storage facilities in the third quarter of 2021.

See further discussion of our net revenues in the “—Analysis of Operating Segments” section below.

Field Operating Costs

See discussion of field operating costs in the “—Analysis of Operating Segments” section below.

General and Administrative Expenses

The increase in general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021 was primarily due to (i) costs associated with the formation of the Permian JV, a portion of which are transition related, (ii) employee related costs, including an increase in equity-indexed compensation expense on equity-classified awards (which is excluded in the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA and Segment Adjusted EBITDA) due to changes in plan assumptions, and (iii) higher office rent due to a cost abatement in the prior year.

Gains/(Losses) on Asset Sales and Asset Impairments, Net

During the first quarter of 2022, we recognized a gain of $40 million related to the sale of land and buildings in California.

Depreciation and Amortization

The increase in depreciation and amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021 was driven by depreciation expense on the assets contributed by Oryx Midstream Holdings LLC (“Oryx Midstream”) upon formation of the Permian JV.

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Other Expense, Net

The following table summarizes the components impacting Other expense, net (in millions):

Three Months Ended
March 31,
 20222021
Loss related to mark-to-market adjustment of Preferred Distribution Rate Reset Option (1)
$(44)$(67)
Net gain on foreign currency revaluation (2)
7 7 
$(37)$(60)
(1)See Note 8 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
(2)The activity during the periods presented was primarily related to the impact from the change in the United States dollar to Canadian dollar exchange rate on the portion of our intercompany net investment that is not long-term in nature.

Income Tax Expense

The net favorable income tax variance for the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021 was primarily due to the impact of lower earnings at PAA on income attributable to PAGP, partially offset by the impact of a change in our effective tax rate.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures
 
To supplement our financial information presented in accordance with GAAP, management uses additional measures known as “non-GAAP financial measures” in its evaluation of past performance and prospects for the future. The primary additional measures used by management are Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA attributable to PAA.

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (including our proportionate share of depreciation and amortization, including write-downs related to cancelled projects, of unconsolidated entities), gains and losses on asset sales and asset impairments, goodwill impairment losses and gains on and impairments of investments in unconsolidated entities, adjusted for certain selected items impacting comparability. Our definition and calculation of certain non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures of other companies. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA attributable to PAA are reconciled to Net Income, the most directly comparable measure as reported in accordance with GAAP, and should be viewed in addition to, and not in lieu of, our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes.

Management believes that the presentation of such additional financial measures provides useful information to investors regarding our performance and results of operations because these measures, when used to supplement related GAAP financial measures, (i) provides additional information about our core operating performance, (ii) provides investors with the same financial analytical framework upon which management bases financial, operational, compensation and planning/budgeting decisions and (iii) presents measures that investors, rating agencies and debt holders have indicated are useful in assessing us and our results of operations. These non-GAAP measures may exclude, for example, (i) charges for obligations that are expected to be settled with the issuance of equity instruments, (ii) gains and losses on derivative instruments that are related to underlying activities in another period (or the reversal of such adjustments from a prior period), gains and losses on derivatives that are either related to investing activities (such as the purchase of linefill) or purchases of long-term inventory, and inventory valuation adjustments, as applicable, (iii) long-term inventory costing adjustments, (iv) items that are not indicative of our core operating results and/or (v) other items that we believe should be excluded in understanding our core operating performance. These measures may further be adjusted to include amounts related to deficiencies associated with minimum volume commitments whereby we have billed the counterparties for their deficiency obligation and such amounts are recognized as deferred revenue in “Other current liabilities” in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. We also adjust for amounts billed by our equity method investees related to deficiencies under minimum volume commitments. Such amounts are presented net of applicable amounts subsequently recognized into revenue. We have defined all such items as “selected items impacting comparability.” We do not necessarily consider all of our selected items impacting comparability to be non-recurring, infrequent or unusual, but we believe that an understanding of these selected items impacting comparability is material to the evaluation of our operating results and prospects.
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Although we present selected items impacting comparability that management considers in evaluating our performance, you should also be aware that the items presented do not represent all items that affect comparability between the periods presented. Variations in our operating results are also caused by changes in volumes, prices, exchange rates, mechanical interruptions, acquisitions, divestitures, investment capital projects and numerous other factors as discussed, as applicable, in “—Analysis of Operating Segments.”
 
The following table sets forth the reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial performance measures Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA attributable to PAA from Net Income (in millions):

Three Months Ended
March 31,		Variance
 20222021$%
Net income$209 $392 $(183)(47)%
Interest expense, net
107 107 — — %
Income tax expense
35 53 (18)(34)%
Depreciation and amortization
231 178 53 30 %
(Gains)/losses on asset sales and asset impairments, net
(42)2 (44)**
Depreciation and amortization of unconsolidated entities (1)
20 20 — — %
Unallocated general and administrative expenses (2)
1 1 — — %
Selected Items Impacting Comparability:  
(Gains)/losses from derivative activities and inventory valuation adjustments88 (198)286 **
Long-term inventory costing adjustments(92)(41)(51)**
Deficiencies under minimum volume commitments, net6 (32)38 **
Equity-indexed compensation expense7 5 2 **
Net gain on foreign currency revaluation(2)(1)(1)**
Line 901 incident
85 — 85 **
Selected Items Impacting Comparability - Segment Adjusted EBITDA (3)
92 (267)359 **
Losses from derivative activities (4)
44 67 (23)**
Net gain on foreign currency revaluation (5)
(7)(7)— **
Selected Items Impacting Comparability - Adjusted EBITDA (6)
129 (207)336 **
Adjusted EBITDA (6)
$690 $546 $144 26 %
Adjusted EBITDA attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures (7)
(76)(3)(73)**
Adjusted EBITDA attributable to PAA$614 $543 $71 13 %
**    Indicates that variance as a percentage is not meaningful.
(1)We exclude our proportionate share of the depreciation and amortization expense (including write-downs related to cancelled projects) of such unconsolidated entities when reviewing Adjusted EBITDA, similar to our consolidated assets.
(2)Represents general and administrative expenses incremental to those of PAA, which are not allocated to our reporting segments in determining Segment Adjusted EBITDA and are excluded in the non-GAAP financial performance measures utilized by management.
(3)For a more detailed discussion of these selected items impacting comparability, see the footnotes to the Segment Adjusted EBITDA Reconciliation table in Note 11 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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(4)The Preferred Distribution Rate Reset Option of PAA’s Series A preferred units is accounted for as an embedded derivative and recorded at fair value in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The associated gains and losses are not integral to our results and were thus classified as a selected item impacting comparability. See Note 8 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Preferred Distribution Rate Reset Option.
(5)During the periods presented, there were fluctuations in the value of CAD to USD, resulting in the realization of foreign exchange gains and losses on the settlement of foreign currency transactions as well as the revaluation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency. The associated gains and losses are not integral to our results and were thus classified as a selected item impacting comparability.
(6)Other expense, net per our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, adjusted for selected items impacting comparability (“Adjusted Other income/(expense), net”) is included in Adjusted EBITDA and excluded from Segment Adjusted EBITDA.
(7)Reflects amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Permian JV and Red River LLC.
 
Analysis of Operating Segments
 
We manage our operations through two operating segments: Crude Oil and NGL. Our CODM (our Chief Executive Officer) evaluates segment performance based on a variety of measures including Segment Adjusted EBITDA, segment volumes and maintenance capital investment. See Note 11 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for our definition of Segment Adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation of Segment Adjusted EBITDA to Net income attributable to PAGP. See Note 20 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part IV of our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K for our definition of maintenance capital.

Crude Oil Segment
 
Our Crude Oil segment operations generally consist of gathering and transporting crude oil using pipelines, gathering systems, trucks and at times on barges or railcars, in addition to providing terminalling, storage and other facilities-related services utilizing our integrated assets across the United States and Canada. Our assets serve third parties and are also supported by our merchant activities. Our merchant activities include the purchase of crude oil supply and the movement of this supply on primarily our assets to sales locations, including our terminals, third-party connecting carriers, regional hubs or to refineries. Our merchant activities are subject to our risk management policies and may include the use of derivative instruments to hedge our exposure.

Our Crude Oil segment generates revenue through a combination of tariffs, pipeline capacity agreements and other transportation fees, month-to-month and multi-year storage and terminalling agreements and the sale of gathered and bulk-purchased crude oil. Tariffs and other fees on our pipeline systems are typically based on volumes transported and vary by receipt point and delivery point. Fees for our terminalling and storage services are based on capacity leases and throughput volumes. Generally, results from our merchant activities are impacted by (i) increases or decreases in our lease gathering crude oil purchases volumes and (ii) the overall strength, weakness and volatility of market conditions, including regional differentials and time spreads. In addition, the execution of our risk management strategies in conjunction with our assets can provide upside in certain markets. The segment results also include the direct fixed and variable field costs of operating the crude oil assets, as well as an allocation of indirect operating costs.
 
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The following tables set forth our operating results from our Crude Oil segment:

Operating Results (1)
Three Months Ended
March 31,		Variance
(in millions)20222021$%
Revenues$13,079 $7,853 $5,226 67 %
Purchases and related costs(12,393)(7,047)(5,346)(76)%
Field operating costs(282)(165)(117)(71)%
Segment general and administrative expenses (2)
(63)(50)(13)(26)%
Equity earnings in unconsolidated entities97 88 9 10 %
Adjustments (3):
Depreciation and amortization of unconsolidated entities
20 20 — — %
(Gains)/losses from derivative activities and inventory valuation adjustments
59 (159)218 137 %
Long-term inventory costing adjustments
(85)(35)(50)(143)%
Deficiencies under minimum volume commitments, net
6 (32)38 119 %
Equity-indexed compensation expense
7 5 2 40 %
Net gain on foreign currency revaluation
(1)(1)— — %
Line 901 incident
85 — 85 N/A
Adjusted EBITDA attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures(76)(3)(73)**
Segment Adjusted EBITDA$453 $474 $(21)(4)%
Maintenance capital$19 $28 $(9)(32)%

Three Months Ended
March 31,		Variance
Average Volumes20222021Volumes%
Tariff activities volumes (4)
    
Crude oil pipelines tariff volumes (by region):    
Permian Basin (5)
5,214 3,753 1,461 39 %
South Texas / Eagle Ford (5)
365 320 45 14 %
Mid-Continent (5)
472 373 99 27 %
Gulf Coast
196 145 51 35 %
Rocky Mountain (5)
346 287 59 21 %
Western
235 237 (2)(1)%
Canada
331 315 16 5 %
Crude oil pipelines tariff activities total volumes7,159 5,430 1,729 32 %
Commercial crude oil storage capacity (5) (6)
72 73 (1)(1)%
Crude oil lease gathering purchases (4)
1,361 1,174 187 16 %
**    Indicates that variance as a percentage is not meaningful.
(1)Revenues and costs and expenses include intersegment amounts. 
(2)Segment general and administrative expenses reflect direct costs attributable to each segment and an allocation of other expenses to the segments. The proportional allocations by segment require judgment by management and are based on the business activities that exist during each period.
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(3)Represents adjustments included in the performance measure utilized by our CODM in the evaluation of segment results. See Note 11 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion of such adjustments.
(4)Average daily volumes in thousands of barrels per day calculated as the total volumes (attributable to our interest for pipelines owned by unconsolidated entities or undivided joint interests) for the year divided by the number of days in the year. Volumes associated with acquisitions represent total volumes for the number of days we actually owned the assets divided by the number of days in the period.  
(5)Includes volumes (attributable to our interest) from assets owned by unconsolidated entities.
(6)Average monthly capacity in millions of barrels per day calculated as total volumes for the period divided by the number of months in the period.

Segment Adjusted EBITDA

Crude Oil Segment Adjusted EBITDA decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021 primarily due to (i) the sale of our natural gas storage facilities in August of 2021 and (ii) gains related to hedged power costs resulting from Winter Storm Uri recognized in the first quarter of 2021. These items were partially offset by increased earnings in the first quarter of 2022 from higher tariff volumes on our pipelines.

Variances in the components impacting Segment Adjusted EBITDA are discussed in more detail below.

Revenues, Net of Purchases and Related Costs (“net revenues”) and Equity Earnings in Unconsolidated Entities. The following is a discussion of the significant factors impacting net revenues and equity earnings in unconsolidated entities that contributed to the variance in Segment Adjusted EBITDA for the first quarter of 2022 compared to the first quarter of 2021.

•Production and Market Impacts. Since the trough in demand for crude oil in 2020 related to the COVID-19 pandemic, we have seen steady growth in our volumes, commensurate with the growth in total U.S. crude oil production, resulting in a favorable impact on our earnings in the first quarter of 2022 compared to the first quarter of 2021. This was partially offset by the impact of less favorable crude oil differentials, including contango profits that benefited the 2021 period.

•Joint Venture Formation and Divestiture Transactions. In October of 2021, we closed on the transaction with Oryx Midstream to merge our respective Permian Basin assets, with the exception of our long-haul pipeline systems and certain of our intra-basin assets into the Permian JV. The pipelines contributed by Oryx Midstream upon formation of the Permian JV resulted in approximately 640 thousand barrels per day of additional tariff volumes in the Permian Basin in the first quarter of 2022. We deduct the portion of the financial results attributable to Oryx Midstream’s 35% interest in the Permian JV in determining Segment Adjusted EBITDA, which offset the favorable impact of the additional volumes for the first quarter of 2022.

We sold our natural gas storage facilities in August 2021, which was a significant driver of the decrease in our results for the first quarter of 2022 compared to the first quarter of 2021 as net revenues from our natural gas storage facilities in the first quarter of 2021 were approximately $42 million, which included the benefit of favorable margins from hub activities related to Winter Storm Uri, as mentioned below.

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•Winter Storm Uri. During the first quarter of 2021, Winter Storm Uri had a negative impact on our volumes; however, this impact was more than offset during the 2021 period by gains related to hedged power costs, which are reflected in equity earnings and field operating costs, and favorable margins from hub activities at our natural gas storage facilities resulting from Winter Storm Uri.

•Pipeline Loss Allowance Revenue. Pipeline loss allowance revenues increased for the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021 primarily due to higher prices and volumes during the 2022 period.

•Minimum Volume Commitments. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, Segment Adjusted EBITDA includes approximately $43 million and $26 million, respectively, associated with deficiencies under minimum volume commitments under contracts that have make-up rights. Although the payments have been received associated with the volume deficiencies, the revenues are not recognized until future periods when either the shortfall is made up or when the shipper’s make-up rights expire or it is determined that their ability to utilize the make-up right is remote. During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, we recognized approximately $37 million and $58 million, respectively, associated with deficiencies under minimum volume commitments that were previously deferred. The amount presented as an “Adjustment” in the table above reflects the net adjustment for revenues deferred during the period and the reversal of previously deferred revenues that were recognized during the period.

•Project Completions. The Capline pipeline reversal project and phase two of the Wink to Webster pipeline project have been completed and were placed in service in the first quarter of 2022, which favorably impacted equity earnings in unconsolidated entities and our tariff volumes for the 2022 period.

Field Operating Costs. The increase in field operating costs for the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021 was primarily due to (i) the impact of gains related to hedged power costs resulting from Winter Storm Uri recognized in the first quarter of 2021, (ii) additional estimated costs associated with the Line 901 incident (which impact field operating costs but are excluded from Segment Adjusted EBITDA and thus are reflected as an “Adjustment” in the table above), and (iii) incremental operating costs from the Permian JV.

Segment General and Administrative Expenses. See the “—Consolidated Results” section above for a discussion of general and administrative expenses.

Maintenance Capital. The decrease in maintenance capital spending for the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021 was primarily due to timing.

NGL Segment
 
Our NGL segment operations involve natural gas processing and NGL fractionation, storage, transportation and terminalling. Our NGL revenues are primarily derived from a combination of (i) providing gathering, fractionation, storage, and/or terminalling services to third-party customers for a fee, and (ii) extracting NGL mix supply from the gas stream processed at our Empress straddle plant facility as well as acquiring NGL mix supply, which mix supply is then transported, stored and fractionated into finished products and sold to customers.
 
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The following tables set forth our operating results from our NGL segment:

Operating Results (1)
Three Months Ended
March 31,		Variance
(in millions, except per barrel data)20222021$%
Revenues$735 $639 $96 15 %
Purchases and related costs(512)(454)(58)(13)%
Field operating costs(64)(54)(10)(19)%
Segment general and administrative expenses (2)
(19)(17)(2)(12)%
Adjustments (3):
(Gains)/losses from derivative activities and inventory valuation adjustments
29 (39)68 174 %
Long-term inventory costing adjustments
(7)(6)(1)(17)%
Net gain on foreign currency revaluation
(1)— (1)N/A
Segment Adjusted EBITDA$161 $69 $92 133 %
Maintenance capital$8 $7 $1 14 %

 Three Months Ended
March 31,		Variance
Average Volumes (in thousands of barrels per day) (4)
20222021Volumes%
NGL fractionation134 144 (10)(7)%
NGL pipeline tariff176 183 (7)(4)%
NGL sales168 220 (52)(24)%
**    Indicates that variance as a percentage is not meaningful.
(1)Revenues and costs and expenses include intersegment amounts. 
(2)Segment general and administrative expenses reflect direct costs attributable to each segment and an allocation of other expenses to the segments. The proportional allocations by segment require judgment by management and are based on the business activities that exist during each period. 
(3)Represents adjustments included in the performance measure utilized by our CODM in the evaluation of segment results. See Note 11 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion of such adjustments.
(4)Average daily volumes are calculated as total volumes (attributable to our interest for pipelines and facilities in which we have undivided joint interests) for the period divided by the number of days in the period. 

Segment Adjusted EBITDA

NGL Segment Adjusted EBITDA increased for the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021 primarily due to the favorable impact of higher realized fractionation spreads between the price of natural gas and the extracted NGL (“frac spreads”) and higher NGL sales prices, partially offset by lower NGL sales volumes.

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Significant variances in the components of Segment Adjusted EBITDA are discussed in more detail below.

Net Revenues. Net revenues from our NGL activities increased for the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021 due to higher realized frac spreads and higher NGL sales prices, partially offset by lower NGL sales volumes. Additionally, net revenues for the 2022 period compared to 2021 include the benefit of our increased ownership in the Empress straddle plants effective June 2021.

Field Operating Costs. The increase in field operating costs for the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021 was primarily due to (i) increased power costs related to our increased ownership in the Empress straddle plants and (ii) higher compensation costs including lower wage subsidies received by our Canadian subsidiary.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

General
 
On a consolidated basis, our primary sources of liquidity are (i) cash flow from operating activities and (ii) borrowings under PAA’s credit facilities or the PAA commercial paper program. In addition, we may supplement these primary sources of liquidity with proceeds from asset sales, and in the past have utilized funds received from sales of equity and debt securities. Our primary cash requirements include, but are not limited to, (i) ordinary course of business uses, such as the payment of amounts related to the purchase of crude oil, NGL and other products, other expenses and interest payments on outstanding debt, (ii) investment and maintenance capital activities, (iii) acquisitions of assets or businesses, (iv) repayment of principal on long-term debt and (v) distributions to our Class A shareholders and noncontrolling interests. In addition, we may use cash for repurchases of common equity. We generally expect to fund our short-term cash requirements through cash flow generated from operating activities and/or borrowings under the PAA commercial paper program or PAA’s credit facilities. In addition, we generally expect to fund our long-term needs, such as those resulting from investment capital activities or acquisitions and refinancing long-term debt, through a variety of sources (either separately or in combination), which may include the sources mentioned above as funding for short-term needs and/or the issuance of additional equity or debt securities and the sale of assets.

As of March 31, 2022, although we had a working capital deficit of $472 million, we had approximately $2.4 billion of liquidity available to meet our ongoing operating, investing and financing needs, subject to continued covenant compliance, as noted below (in millions):

 As of
March 31, 2022
Availability under PAA senior unsecured revolving credit facility (1) (2)
$1,321 
Availability under PAA senior secured hedged inventory facility (1) (2)
1,345 
Amounts outstanding under PAA commercial paper program(382)
Subtotal2,284 
Cash and cash equivalents117 
Total$2,401 
(1)Represents availability prior to giving effect to borrowings outstanding under the PAA commercial paper program, which reduce available capacity under the facilities.
(2)Available capacity under the PAA senior unsecured revolving credit facility and the PAA senior secured hedged inventory facility was reduced by outstanding letters of credit of $29 million and $5 million, respectively.

Usage of PAA’s credit facilities, and, in turn, its commercial paper program, is subject to ongoing compliance with covenants. The credit agreements for PAA’s revolving credit facilities (which impact PAA’s ability to access its commercial paper program because they provide the financial backstop that supports its short-term credit ratings) and the indentures governing its senior notes contain cross-default provisions. A default under PAA’s credit agreements or indentures would permit the lenders to accelerate the maturity of the outstanding debt. Additionally, lack of compliance with the provisions in PAA’s credit agreements may restrict its ability to make distributions of available cash. PAA was in compliance with the covenants contained in its credit agreements and indentures as of March 31, 2022.

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We believe that we have, and will continue to have, the ability to access the PAA commercial paper program and credit facilities, which we use to meet our short-term cash needs. We believe that our financial position remains strong and we have sufficient liquid assets, cash flow from operating activities and borrowing capacity under the credit agreements to meet our financial commitments, debt service obligations, contingencies and anticipated capital expenditures. We are, however, subject to business and operational risks that could adversely affect our cash flow, including extended disruptions in the financial markets and/or energy price volatility resulting from current macroeconomic and geopolitical conditions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and/or actions by Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”). A prolonged material decrease in our cash flows would likely produce an adverse effect on our borrowing capacity and cost of borrowing. Our borrowing capacity and borrowing costs are also impacted by PAA’s credit rating. See Item 1A. “Risk Factors” included in our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion regarding risks that may impact our liquidity and capital resources.
 
Cash Flow from Operating Activities
 
For a comprehensive discussion of the primary drivers of cash flow from operating activities, including the impact of varying market conditions and the timing of settlement of our derivatives, see Item 7. “Liquidity and Capital Resources—Cash Flow from Operating Activities” included in our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 
Net cash provided by operating activities for the first three months of 2022 and 2021 was $339 million and $789 million, respectively, and primarily resulted from earnings from our operations. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, our cash provided by operating activities was negatively impacted by working capital changes. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, our cash provided by operating activities was positively impacted by working capital changes, including decreases in the volume of inventory that we held, primarily due to the sale of crude oil inventory that had been stored during the contango market and the sale of NGL inventory related to demand for heating during the winter season. The net proceeds from the liquidation of such inventory were used to repay borrowings under PAA’s commercial paper program and credit facilities.

Investing Activities

Capital Expenditures
 
In addition to our operating needs, we also use cash for our investment capital projects, maintenance capital activities and acquisition activities. We fund these expenditures with cash generated by operating activities, financing activities and/or proceeds from asset sales. In the near term, we do not plan to issue common equity to fund such expenditures. The following table summarizes our investment, maintenance and acquisition capital expenditures (in millions):

Three Months Ended
March 31,
20222021
Investment capital (1) (2)
$109 $85 
Maintenance capital (1)
27 35 
$136 $120 
(1)Capital expenditures made to expand the existing operating and/or earnings capacity of our assets are classified as “Investment capital.” Capital expenditures for the replacement and/or refurbishment of partially or fully depreciated assets in order to maintain the operating and/or earnings capacity of our existing assets are classified as “Maintenance capital.”
(2)Includes contributions to unconsolidated entities, accounted for under the equity method of accounting, related to investment capital projects by such entities.

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2022 Investment and Maintenance Capital. Total investment capital for the year ended December 31, 2022 is projected to be approximately $330 million ($275 million net to our interest). Approximately half of our projected investment capital expenditures are expected to be invested in the Permian JV assets. Additionally, maintenance capital for the full year of 2022 is projected to be $220 million ($210 million net to our interest). We expect to fund our 2022 investment and maintenance capital expenditures primarily with retained cash flow.

Divestitures

Proceeds from the sale of assets have generally been used to fund our investment capital projects and reduce debt levels. The following table summarizes the proceeds received during the first three months of 2022 and 2021 from sales of assets (in millions):

Three Months Ended
March 31,
20222021
Proceeds from divestitures (1)
$53 $21 
(1)Represents proceeds, including working capital adjustments, net of transaction costs.

Ongoing Activities Related to Strategic Transactions

We are continuously engaged in the evaluation of potential transactions that support our current business strategy. In the past, such transactions have included the sale on non-core assets, the sale of partial interests in assets to strategic joint venture partners, acquisitions and large investment capital projects. With respect to a potential divestiture or acquisition, we may conduct an auction process or participate in an auction process conducted by a third party or we may negotiate a transaction with one or a limited number of potential buyers (in the case of a divestiture) or sellers (in the case of an acquisition). Such transactions could have a material effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We typically do not announce a transaction until after we have executed a definitive agreement. In certain cases, in order to protect our business interests or for other reasons, we may defer public announcement of a transaction until closing or a later date. Past experience has demonstrated that discussions and negotiations regarding a potential transaction can advance or terminate in a short period of time. Moreover, the closing of any transaction for which we have entered into a definitive agreement may be subject to customary and other closing conditions, which may not ultimately be satisfied or waived. Accordingly, we can give no assurance that our current or future efforts with respect to any such transactions will be successful, and we can provide no assurance that our financial expectations with respect to such transactions will ultimately be realized. See Item 1A. “Risk Factors—Risks Related to PAA’s Business—Divestitures and acquisitions involve risks that may adversely affect our business” included in our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Financing Activities

Our financing activities primarily relate to funding investment capital projects, acquisitions and refinancing of our debt maturities, as well as short-term working capital (including borrowings for NYMEX and ICE margin deposits) and hedged inventory borrowings related to our NGL business and contango market activities.
 
Borrowings and Repayments Under Credit Arrangements

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we had net borrowings on the PAA credit facilities and commercial paper program of $382 million. The net borrowings resulted primarily from borrowings during the period related to funding needs for capital investments, inventory purchases, senior notes repayments and other general partnership purposes, partially offset by cash flow from operating activities and proceeds from asset sales.

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During the three months ended March 31, 2021, we had net repayments on the PAA credit facilities and commercial paper program of $576 million. The net repayments resulted primarily from cash flow from operating activities and proceeds from asset sales, which offset borrowings during the period related to funding needs for capital investments, inventory purchases and other general partnership purposes.

Repayment of Senior Notes

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, PAA redeemed its 3.65%, $750 million senior notes due June 2022. PAA utilized cash on hand and borrowings under its commercial paper program to repay these senior notes.

Common Equity Repurchase Program

PAA repurchased 2.4 million and 0.4 million common units under the Program through open market purchases that settled during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, for a total purchase price of $25 million and $3 million, respectively, including commissions and fees. At March 31, 2022, the remaining available capacity under the Program was $247 million.

Registration Statements

PAGP Registration Statements. We have filed with the SEC a shelf registration statement that, subject to effectiveness at the time of use, allows us to issue, in the aggregate, up to a specified amount of equity securities (the “PAGP Traditional Shelf”), under which we had approximately $939 million of unsold securities available at March 31, 2022. We also have access to a shelf registration statement (the “PAGP WKSI Shelf”), which provides us with the ability to offer and sell an unlimited amount of equity securities, subject to market conditions and capital needs. We did not conduct any offerings under the PAGP Traditional Shelf or the PAGP WKSI Shelf during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

PAA Registration Statements. PAA periodically accesses the capital markets for both equity and debt financing. PAA has filed with the SEC a universal shelf registration statement that, subject to effectiveness at the time of use, allows PAA to issue, in the aggregate, up to a specified amount of debt or equity securities (the “PAA Traditional Shelf”), under which PAA had approximately $1.1 billion of unsold securities available at March 31, 2022. PAA also has access to a universal shelf registration statement (the “PAA WKSI Shelf”), which provides it with the ability to offer and sell an unlimited amount of debt and equity securities, subject to market conditions and capital needs. PAA did not conduct any offerings under the PAA Traditional Shelf or the PAA WKSI Shelf during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Distributions to Our Class A Shareholders
 
We distribute all of our available cash within 55 days following the end of each quarter to Class A shareholders of record. Available cash is generally defined as all of our cash and cash equivalents on hand at the end of each quarter less reserves established in the discretion of our general partner for future requirements. Our levels of financial reserves are established by our general partner and include reserves for the proper conduct of our business (including future capital expenditures and anticipated credit needs), compliance with legal or contractual obligations and funding of future distributions to our shareholders. See Item 5. “Market for Registrant’s Shares, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities—Cash Distribution Policy” included in our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional discussion.

On May 13, 2022, we will pay a quarterly cash distribution of $0.2175 per Class A share ($0.87 per share on an annualized basis) to shareholders of record at the close of business on April 29, 2022 for the period from January 1, 2022 through March 31, 2022, which represents a $0.0375 per share increase from the distribution paid in February 2022.

See Note 7 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for details of distributions paid during or pertaining to the first three months of 2022.
 
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Distributions to Noncontrolling Interests

Distributions to noncontrolling interests represent amounts paid on interests in consolidated entities that are not owned by us. As of March 31, 2022, noncontrolling interests in our subsidiaries consisted of (i) limited partner interests in PAA including a 69% interest in PAA’s common units and PAA’s Series A preferred units combined and 100% of PAA’s Series B preferred units, (ii) an approximate 19% limited partner interest in AAP, (iii) a 35% interest in the Permian JV and (iv) a 33% interest in Red River LLC.

On May 13, 2022, PAA will pay a quarterly cash distribution of $0.2175 per common unit ($0.87 per unit on an annualized basis) to unitholders of record at the close of business on April 29, 2022 for the period from January 1, 2022 through March 31, 2022, which represents a $0.0375 per unit increase from the distribution paid in February 2022.

See Note 7 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for details of distributions paid to noncontrolling interests during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Contingencies
 
For a discussion of contingencies that may impact us, see Note 10 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
Commitments
 
Purchase Obligations. In the ordinary course of doing business, we purchase crude oil and NGL from third parties under contracts, the majority of which range in term from thirty-day evergreen to five years, with a limited number of contracts with remaining terms extending up to 12 years. We establish a margin for these purchases by entering into various types of physical and financial sale and exchange transactions through which we seek to maintain a position that is substantially balanced between purchases on the one hand and sales and future delivery obligations on the other. We do not expect to use a significant amount of internal capital to meet these obligations, as the obligations will be funded by corresponding sales to entities that we deem creditworthy or who have provided credit support we consider adequate.

The following table includes our best estimate of the amount and timing of these payments as well as other amounts due under the specified contractual obligations as of March 31, 2022 (in millions):

Remainder of 202220232024202520262027 and ThereafterTotal
Crude oil, NGL and other purchases (1)
$23,259 $26,253 $25,271 $24,414 $23,148 $72,905 $195,250 
(1)Amounts are primarily based on estimated volumes and market prices based on average activity during March 2022. The actual physical volume purchased and actual settlement prices will vary from the assumptions used in the table. Uncertainties involved in these estimates include levels of production at the wellhead, weather conditions, changes in market prices and other conditions beyond our control.

Letters of Credit. In connection with merchant activities, we provide certain suppliers with irrevocable standby letters of credit to secure our obligation for the purchase and transportation of crude oil, NGL and natural gas. Additionally, we issue letters of credit to support insurance programs, derivative transactions, including hedging-related margin obligations, and construction activities. At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had outstanding letters of credit of approximately $34 million and $98 million, respectively.
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
See Note 2 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

All statements included in this report, other than statements of historical fact, are forward-looking statements, including but not limited to statements incorporating the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “plan,” “intend” and “forecast,” as well as similar expressions and statements regarding our business strategy, plans and objectives for future operations. The absence of such words, expressions or statements, however, does not mean that the statements are not forward-looking. Any such forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to future events, based on what we believe to be reasonable assumptions. Certain factors could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from the results or outcomes anticipated in the forward-looking statements. The most important of these factors include, but are not limited to:

•our ability to pay distributions to our Class A shareholders;
•our expected receipt of, and amounts of, distributions from Plains AAP, L.P.;
•declines in global crude oil demand and crude oil prices (whether due to the COVID-19 pandemic, future pandemics or other factors) that correspondingly lead to a significant reduction of North American crude oil and natural gas liquids (“NGL”) production (whether due to reduced producer cash flow to fund drilling activities or the inability of producers to access capital, or both, the unavailability of pipeline and/or storage capacity, the shutting-in of production by producers, government-mandated pro-ration orders, or other factors), which in turn could result in significant declines in the actual or expected volume of crude oil and NGL shipped, processed, purchased, stored, fractionated and/or gathered at or through the use of our assets and/or the reduction of commercial opportunities that might otherwise be available to us;
•the effects of competition and capacity overbuild in areas where we operate, including downward pressure on rates and margins, contract renewal risk and the risk of loss of business to other midstream operators who are willing or under pressure to aggressively reduce transportation rates in order to capture or preserve customers;
•negative societal sentiment regarding the hydrocarbon energy industry and the continued development and consumption of hydrocarbons, which could influence consumer preferences and governmental or regulatory actions that adversely impact our business;
•unanticipated changes in crude oil and NGL market structure, grade differentials and volatility (or lack thereof);
•general economic, market or business conditions in the United States and elsewhere (including the potential for a recession or significant slowdown in economic activity levels, the risk of persistently high inflation and continued supply chain issues, the impact of coronavirus variants on demand and growth, and the timing, pace and extent of economic recovery) that impact (i) demand for crude oil, drilling and production activities and therefore the demand for the midstream services we provide and (ii) commercial opportunities available to us;
•the impact of current and future laws, rulings, governmental regulations, executive orders, trade policies, accounting standards and statements, and related interpretations, including legislation, executive orders or regulatory initiatives that arise out of pandemic related concerns that prohibit, restrict or regulate hydraulic fracturing or that prohibit the development of oil and gas resources and the related infrastructure on lands dedicated to or served by our pipelines;
•environmental liabilities, litigation or other events that are not covered by an indemnity, insurance or existing reserves;
•loss of key personnel and inability to attract and retain new talent;
•fluctuations in refinery capacity in areas supplied by our mainlines and other factors affecting demand for various grades of crude oil and NGL and resulting changes in pricing conditions or transportation throughput requirements;
•the successful operation of joint ventures and joint operating arrangements we enter into from time to time, whether relating to assets operated by us or by third parties, and the successful integration and future performance of acquired assets or businesses;
•the availability of, and our ability to consummate, divestitures, joint ventures, acquisitions or other strategic opportunities;
•maintenance of PAA’s credit rating and ability to receive open credit from our suppliers and trade counterparties;
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•the occurrence of a natural disaster, catastrophe, terrorist attack (including eco-terrorist attacks) or other event that materially impacts our operations, including cyber or other attacks on our electronic and computer systems;
•weather interference with business operations or project construction, including the impact of extreme weather events or conditions;
•significant under-utilization of our assets and facilities;
•the refusal or inability of our customers or counterparties to perform their obligations under their contracts with us (including commercial contracts, asset sale agreements and other agreements), whether justified or not and whether due to financial constraints (such as reduced creditworthiness, liquidity issues or insolvency), market constraints, legal constraints (including governmental orders or guidance), the exercise of contractual or common law rights that allegedly excuse their performance (such as force majeure or similar claims) or other factors;
•our inability to perform our obligations under our contracts, whether due to non-performance by third parties, including our customers or counterparties, market constraints, third-party constraints, supply chain issues, legal constraints (including governmental orders or guidance), or other factors or events;
•the incurrence of costs and expenses related to unexpected or unplanned capital expenditures, third-party claims or other factors;
•disruptions to futures markets for crude oil, NGL and other petroleum products, which may impair our ability to execute our commercial or hedging strategies;
•failure to implement or capitalize, or delays in implementing or capitalizing, on investment capital projects, whether due to permitting delays, permitting withdrawals or other factors;
•shortages or cost increases of supplies, materials or labor;
•tightened capital markets or other factors that increase our cost of capital or limit our ability to obtain debt or equity financing on satisfactory terms to fund additional acquisitions, investment capital projects, working capital requirements and the repayment or refinancing of indebtedness;
•the amplification of other risks caused by volatile financial markets, capital constraints, liquidity concerns and inflation;
•the use or availability of third-party assets upon which our operations depend and over which we have little or no control;
•the currency exchange rate of the Canadian dollar to the United States dollar;
•inability to recognize current revenue attributable to deficiency payments received from customers who fail to ship or move more than minimum contracted volumes until the related credits expire or are used;
•increased costs, or lack of availability, of insurance;
•the effectiveness of our risk management activities;
•fluctuations in the debt and equity markets, including the price of PAA’s units at the time of vesting under its long-term incentive plans;
•risks related to the development and operation of our assets; and
•other factors and uncertainties inherent in the transportation, storage, terminalling and marketing of crude oil, as well as in the processing, transportation, fractionation, storage and marketing of NGL.
 
Other factors described herein, as well as factors that are unknown or unpredictable, could also have a material adverse effect on future results. Please read “Risk Factors” discussed in Item 1A of our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Except as required by applicable securities laws, we do not intend to update these forward-looking statements and information.

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Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
 
We are exposed to various market risks, including (i) commodity price risk, (ii) interest rate risk and (iii) currency exchange rate risk. We use various derivative instruments to manage such risks and, in certain circumstances, to realize incremental margin during volatile market conditions. Our risk management policies and procedures are designed to help ensure that our hedging activities address our risks by monitoring our exchange-cleared and over-the-counter positions, as well as physical volumes, grades, locations, delivery schedules and storage capacity. We have a risk management function that has direct responsibility and authority for our risk policies, related controls around commercial activities and certain aspects of corporate risk management. Our risk management function also approves all new risk management strategies through a formal process. The following discussion addresses each category of risk.
 
Commodity Price Risk
 
We use derivative instruments to hedge price risk associated with the following commodities:
 
•Crude oil
 
We utilize crude oil derivatives to hedge commodity price risk inherent in our pipeline, terminalling and merchant activities. Our objectives for these derivatives include hedging anticipated purchases and sales, stored inventory and basis differentials. We manage these exposures with various instruments including futures, forwards, swaps and options.
 
•Natural gas
 
We utilize natural gas derivatives to hedge commodity price risk inherent in our natural gas processing assets (natural gas purchase component of the frac spread). Additionally, we utilize natural gas derivatives to hedge anticipated operational fuel gas requirements related to our natural gas processing and NGL fractionation plants. We manage these exposures with various instruments including futures, swaps and options.
 
•NGL and other

We utilize NGL derivatives, primarily propane and butane derivatives, to hedge commodity price risk inherent in our commercial activities, including the sale of the individual specification products extracted in our natural gas processing assets (sale of specification NGL products component of the frac spread), as well as other net sales of NGL inventory, held mainly at our owned NGL storage terminals. Our objectives for these derivatives include hedging anticipated purchases and sales and stored inventory. We manage these exposures with various instruments including futures, forwards, swaps and options.
 
See Note 8 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion regarding our hedging strategies and objectives.

The fair value of our commodity derivatives and the change in fair value as of March 31, 2022 that would be expected from a 10% price increase or decrease is shown in the table below (in millions): 

Fair ValueEffect of 10%
Price Increase		Effect of 10%
Price Decrease
Crude oil$(62)$(40)$40 
Natural gas130 $34 $(34)
NGL and other(217)$(95)$95 
Total fair value$(149)  

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The fair values presented in the table above reflect the sensitivity of the derivative instruments only and do not include the effect of the underlying hedged commodity. Price-risk sensitivities were calculated by assuming an across-the-board 10% increase or decrease in price regardless of term or historical relationships between the contractual price of the instruments and the underlying commodity price. In the event of an actual 10% change in near-term commodity prices, the fair value of our derivative portfolio would typically change less than that shown in the table as changes in near-term prices are not typically mirrored in delivery months further out.

Interest Rate Risk
 
Our use of variable rate debt and any forecasted issuances of fixed rate debt expose us to interest rate risk. Therefore, from time to time, we use interest rate derivatives to hedge interest rate risk associated with anticipated interest payments and, in certain cases, outstanding debt instruments. All of PAA’s senior notes are fixed rate notes and thus are not subject to interest rate risk. Our variable rate debt outstanding at March 31, 2022, approximately $382 million, was subject to interest rate re-sets that generally range from one day to approximately one week. The average interest rate on variable rate debt that was outstanding during the three months ended March 31, 2022 was 1.0%, based upon rates in effect during such period. The fair value of our interest rate derivatives was a net asset of $97 million as of March 31, 2022. A 10% increase in the forward LIBOR curve as of March 31, 2022 would have resulted in an increase of $18 million to the fair value of our interest rate derivatives. A 10% decrease in the forward LIBOR curve as of March 31, 2022 would have resulted in a decrease of $18 million to the fair value of our interest rate derivatives. See Note 8 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of our interest rate risk hedging activities.
 
Preferred Distribution Rate Reset Option
 
The Preferred Distribution Rate Reset Option of PAA’s Series A preferred units is an embedded derivative that must be bifurcated from the related host contract, PAA’s partnership agreement, and recorded at fair value in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The valuation model utilized for this embedded derivative contains inputs including PAA’s common unit price, ten-year United States treasury rates, default probabilities and timing estimates to ultimately calculate the fair value of PAA’s Series A preferred units with and without the Preferred Distribution Rate Reset Option. The fair value of this embedded derivative was a liability of $44 million as of March 31, 2022. A 10% increase or decrease in the fair value would have an impact of $4 million. See Note 8 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of embedded derivatives.

Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
We maintain written disclosure controls and procedures, which we refer to as our “DCP.” Our DCP is designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and (ii) accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
 
Applicable SEC rules require an evaluation of the effectiveness of our DCP. Management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our DCP as of March 31, 2022, the end of the period covered by this report, and, based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our DCP is effective.
 
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
In addition to the information concerning our DCP, we are required to disclose certain changes in internal control over financial reporting. There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the first quarter of 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
 
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Certifications
 
The certifications of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) are filed with this report as Exhibits 31.1 and 31.2. The certifications of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350 are furnished with this report as Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.   LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
 
The information required by this item is included in Note 10 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS
 
For a discussion of our risk factors, see Item 1A. of our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Those risks and uncertainties are not the only ones facing us and there may be additional matters of which we are unaware or that we currently consider immaterial. All of those risks and uncertainties could adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or results of operations.

Item 2.   UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
 
In connection with our IPO and related transactions, the former owners of Plains All American GP LLC (the “Legacy Owners”) acquired the following interests (collectively, the “Stapled Interests”): (i) Class A units of AAP (“AAP units”) representing an economic limited partner interest in AAP; (ii) general partner units representing a non-economic membership interest in our general partner; and (iii) Class B shares representing a non-economic limited partner interest in us. The Legacy Owners and any permitted transferees of their Stapled Interests have the right to exchange (the “Exchange Right”) all or a portion of such Stapled Interests for an equivalent number of Class A shares. In connection with the exercise of the Exchange Right, the Stapled Interests are transferred to us and the applicable Class B shares are canceled. Although we issue one Class A share for each Stapled Interest that is exchanged, we also receive one AAP unit and one general partner unit. As a result, the exercise by Legacy Owners of the Exchange Right is not dilutive. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, certain Legacy Owners or their permitted transferees exercised the Exchange Right, which resulted in the issuance of 35,700 Class A shares. The issuance of Class A shares in connection with the exercise of the Exchange Right was exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) thereof.
 
Item 3.   DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
 
None.
 
Item 4.   MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
 
Not applicable.
 
Item 5.   OTHER INFORMATION
 
None.
 
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Item 6.   EXHIBITS
 
Exhibit No.Description
3.1—
3.2—
3.3—
3.4—
3.5—
3.6—
3.7—
3.8—
3.9—
3.10—
3.11—
4.1—
4.2—
4.3—
4.4—
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4.5—
4.6—
4.7—
4.8—
4.9—
4.10—
4.11—
4.12—
4.13—
4.14—
4.15—
4.16—
10.1* †—
31.1 †—
31.2 †—
32.1 ††—
32.2 ††—
55
101.INS†—XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH†—Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL†—Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF†—Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB†—Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE†—Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104†—Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
†    Filed herewith.
††    Furnished herewith.
*    Management compensatory plan or arrangement.


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SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 PLAINS GP HOLDINGS, L.P.
 By:PAA GP HOLDINGS LLC,
  its general partner
   
 By:/s/ Willie Chiang
  Willie Chiang,
  Chief Executive Officer and Director of PAA GP Holdings LLC
  (Principal Executive Officer)
May 9, 2022  
   
 By:/s/ Al Swanson
  Al Swanson,
  Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of PAA GP Holdings LLC
  (Principal Financial Officer)
May 9, 2022  
   
 By:/s/ Chris Herbold
  Chris Herbold,
  Senior Vice President, Finance and Chief Accounting Officer of PAA GP Holdings LLC
  (Principal Accounting Officer)
May 9, 2022 

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