As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 15, 2024
Registration No. 333-
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
Sagimet Biosciences Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
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20-5991472
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
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Sagimet Biosciences Inc.
155 Bovet Road, Suite 303
San Mateo, California 94402
(650) 561-8600
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
David Happel
President and Chief Executive Officer
155 Bovet Road, Suite 303
San Mateo, California 94402
(650) 561-8600
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
Copies to:
Rachael M. Bushey, Esq.
Jennifer L. Porter, Esq.
Goodwin Procter LLP
One Commerce Square
2005 Market St., 32nd Floor
Philadelphia, PA 19103
(445) 207-7805
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. ☐
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. ☒
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
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Large accelerated filer
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Accelerated filer
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Non-accelerated filer
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Smaller reporting company
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Emerging growth company
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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
Explanatory Note
This registration statement contains two prospectuses:
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a base prospectus covering the offering, issuance and sale by us of up to $300,000,000 in the aggregate of our Series A common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants to purchase our Series A common stock, preferred stock or debt securities, subscription rights to purchase our Series A common stock, preferred stock or debt securities and/or units consisting of some or all of these securities; and
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a sales agreement prospectus covering the offering, issuance and sale by us of up to a maximum aggregate offering price of $75,000,000 of our Series A common stock that may be issued and sold under a sales agreement, dated August 15, 2024, with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (Cantor) (the Sales Agreement).
The base prospectus immediately follows this explanatory note. The specific terms of any securities to be offered pursuant to the base prospectus will be specified in a prospectus supplement to the base prospectus.
The specific terms of the securities to be issued and sold under the Sales Agreement are specified in the sales agreement prospectus that immediately follows the base prospectus. The $75,000,000 of Series A common stock that may be offered, issued and sold under the sales agreement prospectus is included in the $300,000,000 of securities that may be offered, issued and sold by us under the base prospectus. Upon termination of the Sales Agreement with Cantor, any portion of the $75,000,000 included in the sales agreement prospectus that is not sold pursuant to the Sales Agreement will be available for sale in other offerings pursuant to the base prospectus and a corresponding prospectus supplement, and if no shares are sold under the Sales Agreement, the full $75,000,000 of securities may be sold in other offerings pursuant to the base prospectus and a corresponding prospectus supplement.
The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the securities and exchange commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED AUGUST 15, 2024.
PROSPECTUS
$300,000,000
Series A Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Debt Securities
Warrants
Units
Subscription Rights
We may offer and sell up to $300,000,000 in the aggregate of the securities identified above from time to time in one or more offerings. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities.
Each time we offer and sell securities, we will provide a supplement to this prospectus that contains specific information about the offering and the amounts, prices and terms of the securities. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus with respect to that offering. You should carefully read this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement before you invest in any of our securities.
We may offer and sell the securities described in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement to or through one or more underwriters, dealers and agents, or directly to purchasers, or through a combination of these methods. If any underwriters, dealers or agents are involved in the sale of any of the securities, their names and any applicable purchase price, fee, commission or discount arrangement between or among them will be set forth, or will be calculable from the information set forth, in the applicable prospectus supplement. See the sections of this prospectus entitled “About this Prospectus” and “Plan of Distribution” for more information. No securities may be sold without delivery of this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement describing the method and terms of the offering of such securities.
We are an emerging growth company and a smaller reporting company as defined under federal securities laws and, as such, may elect to comply with certain reduced public company reporting requirements for future filings.
INVESTING IN OUR SECURITIES INVOLVES RISKS. SEE THE “RISK FACTORS” ON PAGE 9 OF THIS PROSPECTUS AND ANY SIMILAR SECTION CONTAINED IN THE APPLICABLE PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT CONCERNING FACTORS YOU SHOULD CONSIDER BEFORE INVESTING IN OUR SECURITIES.
Our Series A common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “SGMT.” On August 14, 2024, the last reported sale price of our Series A common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market was $2.47 per share.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is , 2024.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) using a “shelf” registration process. By using a shelf registration statement, we may, from time to time, offer and sell, either individually or in combination, in one or more offerings, up to a total dollar amount of $300,000,000 of any combination of the securities described in this prospectus.
This prospectus provides you only with a general description of the securities that we may offer. Each time that we offer and sell securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement to this prospectus that contains specific information about the securities being offered and sold and the specific terms of that offering. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you that may contain material information relating to these offerings. The prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus may also add, update or change information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus with respect to that offering. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, you should rely on the prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, as applicable. Before purchasing any securities, you should carefully read both this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement (and any applicable free writing prospectuses), together with the additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.”
We have not authorized anyone to provide you with any information or to make any representations other than those contained in, or incorporated by reference in, this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectuses prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We will not make an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement is accurate only as of the date on its respective cover, that the information appearing in any applicable free writing prospectus is accurate only as of the date of that free writing prospectus, and that any information incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date of the document incorporated by reference, unless we indicate otherwise. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.
This prospectus may not be used to consummate sales of our securities, unless it is accompanied by a prospectus supplement.
When we refer to “Sagimet,” “Sagimet Biosciences,” “we,” “our,” “us” and the “Company” in this prospectus, we mean Sagimet Biosciences Inc. unless otherwise specified. When we refer to “you,” we mean the potential holders of the applicable series of securities.
This prospectus contains or incorporates by reference documents that contain references to trademarks, service marks and trade names owned by us or other entities. All trademarks, service marks and trade names included or incorporated by reference into this prospectus are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, trademarks, service marks and trade names referred to in this prospectus may appear without the ® and ™ symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that their respective owners will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, their rights thereto. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names, trademarks or service marks to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, these other companies.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
This prospectus is part of the registration statement on Form S-3 filed with the SEC under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), and does not contain all the information set forth in the registration statement. Whenever a reference is made in this prospectus to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents, the reference may not be complete and you should refer to the exhibits that are a part of the registration statement or the exhibits to the reports or other documents incorporated herein by reference for a copy of such contract, agreement or other document.
We are currently subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), and in accordance therewith file periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Our SEC filings are available to you on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and in the “Investors” section of our website at www.sagimet.com. Our website and the information contained on that site, or connected to that site, are not incorporated into and are not a part of this prospectus.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” information from other documents that we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus. Information in this prospectus supersedes information incorporated by reference that we filed with the SEC prior to the date of this prospectus, while information that we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede the information in this prospectus. We incorporate by reference into this prospectus and the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part the information or documents listed below that we have filed with the SEC:
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Our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 22, 2024; January 30, 2024; February 2, 2024; March 25, 2024; May 6, 2024; June 6, 2024, as amended on June 13, 2024; July 2, 2024; August 1, 2024 and August 14, 2024 (in each case other than any portions thereof deemed furnished and not filed); and
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We also incorporate by reference any future filings (other than any filings or portions of such reports that are not deemed “filed” under the Exchange Act in accordance with the Exchange Act and applicable SEC rules, including current reports furnished under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of Form 8-K and exhibits furnished on such form that are related to such items unless such Form 8-K expressly provides to the contrary) made with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, including those made after the date of the initial filing of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement, until we file a post-effective amendment that indicates the termination of the offering of the securities made by this prospectus, and will become a part of this prospectus from the date that such documents are filed with the SEC. Information in such future filings updates and supplements the information provided in this prospectus. Any statements in any such future filings will automatically be deemed to modify and supersede any information in any document we previously filed with the SEC that is incorporated or deemed to be incorporated herein by reference to the extent that statements in the later filed document modify or replace such earlier statements.
We will furnish without charge to you, upon written or oral request, a copy of any or all of the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, including exhibits to these documents by writing or telephoning us at the following address or phone number below. You may also access this information on our website at www.sagimet.com by viewing the “Financials & Filings” subsection of the “Investors” menu. No additional information is deemed to be part of or incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
Sagimet Biosciences Inc.
155 Bovet Road, Suite 303
San Mateo, California 94402
(650) 561-8600
Attention: General Counsel
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated by reference may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act about us. These forward-looking statements are intended to be covered by the safe harbor for forward-looking statements provided by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are not statements of historical fact, and can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” “could,” “should,” “projects,” “plans,” “goal,” “targets,” “potential,” “estimates,” “pro forma,” “seeks,” “intends” or “anticipates” or the negative thereof or comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning:
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our financial performance;
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our ability to obtain additional cash and the sufficiency of our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities to fund our future operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements;
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the accuracy of our estimates regarding expenses, future revenue, capital requirements, and needs for additional financing;
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the scope, progress, results and costs of developing denifanstat or any other drug candidates we may develop, and conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials;
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our ability to advance drug candidates into and successfully complete clinical trials within anticipated timelines, including our Phase 3 clinical trials of denifanstat;
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the timing and costs involved in obtaining and maintaining regulatory approval of denifanstat or any other drug candidates we may develop, and the timing or likelihood of regulatory filings and approvals, including our expectation to seek special designations or accelerated approvals for our drug candidates for various indications;
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current and future agreements with third parties in connection with the development and commercialization of denifanstat or any other future drug candidate;
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our estimated number of patients in the United States who suffer from the diseases we target, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), formerly known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and the number of subjects that will enroll in our clinical trials;
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our relationship with Ascletis BioScience Co. Ltd. (Ascletis), and its affiliate Gannex Pharma Co., Ltd. (Gannex), and the success of their development efforts for denifanstat;
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the ability of our clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of denifanstat and any other drug candidates we may develop, and other positive results;
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our plans relating to commercializing denifanstat and any other drug candidates we may develop, if approved, including the geographic areas of focus and our ability to grow a sales team;
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the success of competing therapies that are or may become available;
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developments relating to our competitors and our industry, including competing drug candidates and therapies;
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our plans relating to the further development and manufacturing of denifanstat and any other drug candidates we may develop, including additional indications that we may pursue for denifanstat or other drug candidates;
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existing regulations and regulatory developments in the United States and other jurisdictions;
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our potential and ability to successfully manufacture and supply denifanstat and any other drug candidates we may develop for clinical trials and for commercial use, if approved;
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the rate and degree of market acceptance of denifanstat and any other drug candidates we may develop, as well as the pricing and reimbursement of denifanstat and any other drug candidates we may develop, if approved;
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our expectations regarding our ability to obtain, maintain, protect and enforce intellectual property protection for denifanstat and for any other future drug candidate;
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our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of any strategic transactions;
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our ability to attract and retain the continued service of our key personnel and to identify, hire, and then retain additional qualified personnel and our ability to attract additional collaborators with development, regulatory and commercialization expertise;
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the impact of macroeconomic conditions and geopolitical turmoil on our business and operations;
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our expectations regarding the period during which we will qualify as an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act;
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our anticipated use of our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities; and
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our use of cash and other resources, including our expected use of the proceeds from any offering under this prospectus.
You should read this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we currently expect. Our business and operations are and will be subject to a variety of risks, uncertainties and other factors. Consequently, actual results and experience may materially differ from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Such risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results and experience to differ from those projected include, but are not limited to, the risk factors discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” contained in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, and under similar headings in the other documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement or related free writing prospectus and any document incorporated herein by reference is accurate as of its date only. Because the risk factors referred to above could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf, you should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. Further, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict which factors will arise. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Unless required by law, we undertake no obligation to release publicly any revisions to such forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this prospectus or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
ABOUT THE COMPANY
Overview
We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing novel therapeutics called fatty acid synthase (FASN) inhibitors that target dysfunctional metabolic pathways in diseases resulting from the overproduction of the fatty acid, palmitate. Our lead drug candidate, denifanstat, is an oral, once-daily pill and selective FASN inhibitor in development for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), formerly known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Denifanstat has been studied in over 740 people to date in our clinical trials, including our FASCINATE-1 and -2 clinical trials. We are currently designing pivotal Phase 3 clinical trials for denifanstat in MASH and expect to initiate our Phase 3 development program in the second half of 2024.
In January 2024, we announced positive topline results from the Phase 2b FASCINATE-2 clinical trial, evaluating denifanstat in biopsy-confirmed MASH patients with stage F2 or F3 fibrosis compared to placebo at week 52. The FASCINATE-2 Phase 2b clinical trial achieved statistically significant results on primary and multiple secondary endpoints at week 52 in 168 MASH patients, in the modified intention to treat (mITT) population, including:
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The primary endpoints of ≥2-point reduction in NAS (NAFLD Activity Score) without worsening of fibrosis (denifanstat 52% vs. placebo 20%, p=0.0003), and MASH resolution without worsening of fibrosis with ≥2-point reduction in NAS (denifanstat 36% vs. placebo 13%, p=0.0044).
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Multiple secondary endpoints of fibrosis improvement by ≥ 1 stage with no worsening of MASH (denifanstat 41% vs. placebo 18%, p=0.0051), MASH resolution with no worsening of fibrosis (denifanstat 38% vs. placebo 16%, p=0.0021), and a greater proportion of MRI-derived proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) ≥30% responders relative to placebo (denifanstat 65% vs. placebo 21%, p<0.0001). MRI-PDFF responders are patients with ≥8% liver fat content at baseline who achieve a ≥30% relative reduction of liver fat at the end of treatment.
Denifanstat showed also statistical significance in fibrosis improvement by an independent approach of artificial intelligence (AI) digital pathology-based qFibrosis assessment. Additionally, our precision medicine approach is core to our development strategy in MASH and includes the identification of pharmacodynamic and predictive biomarkers to confirm target engagement and clinical response in patients treated with denifanstat. We held an End-of-Phase 2 meeting with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in May 2024 and are currently in discussions with the FDA regarding our Phase 3 development plans for denifanstat in MASH.
In June 2024, we presented positive data from the FASCINATE-2 Phase 2b clinical trial of denifanstat versus placebo in biopsy-confirmed MASH patients at the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) Congress. Our EASL presentation included the following 52-week intention to treat (ITT), mITT and F3 subgroup efficacy data:
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The primary endpoint of ≥2-point reduction in NAS (NAFLD Activity Score) without worsening of fibrosis (denifanstat 38% vs. placebo 16%, p=0.0035) or MASH resolution with ≥2-point reduction in NAS without worsening of fibrosis (denifanstat 26% vs. placebo 11%, p=0.0173) in the ITT population.
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Secondary endpoints of fibrosis improvement by ≥ 1 stage with no worsening of MASH in the ITT (denifanstat 30% vs. placebo 14%, p=0.0199) and F3 mITT (denifanstat 49% vs. placebo 13%, p=0.0032) populations.
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Fibrosis improvement by ≥ 2 stages with no worsening of MASH in the mITT (denifanstat 20% vs. placebo 2%, p=0.0065) and F3 mITT (denifanstat 34% vs. placebo 4%, p=0.0065) populations.
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A statistically significant difference in progression to cirrhosis (F4) in the mITT population (denifanstat 5% vs. placebo 11%, p=0.0386).
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A statistically significant difference in fibrosis improvement by ≥ 1 stage with no worsening of MASH for patients on a stable background dose of a GLP-1RA (denifanstat 42% vs. placebo 0%, p=0.034) in the mITT population.
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A statistically significant increase in beneficial polyunsaturated triglycerides at the end of 52 week of treatment (+42% denifanstat vs. -4% placebo, p<0.001) in the mITT population.
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A biomarker of denifanstat activity (tripalmitin) showed an early and sustained reduction in de novo lipogenesis at 4-weeks (-2.4ug/ml with denifanstat vs. -0.4ug/mL placebo, p=0.001) and 13-weeks (-2.2ug/mL with denifanstat vs. -0.1ug/mL placebo, p=0.005) in the ITT population.
We are also evaluating the promise of FASN inhibition, beyond MASH, in additional disease areas in which dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism also plays a key role, including in acne and certain forms of cancer. Denifanstat is currently being tested in China by our license partner, Ascletis BioScience Co. Ltd. (Ascletis), a subsidiary of Ascletis Pharma Inc. (Ascletis Pharma), in a Phase 3 clinical trial for moderate to severe acne vulgaris, and a Phase 3 clinical trial in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in combination with bevacizumab. We expect these results to inform our development strategy in these indications. We have completed Investigational New Drug (IND)-enabling studies for a second clinical candidate FASN inhibitor, TVB-3567.
Corporate Information
We were incorporated in Delaware in December 2006 under the name 3-V Biosciences, Inc., and changed our name to Sagimet Biosciences Inc. in August 2019. Our principal executive offices are located at 155 Bovet Road, Suite 303, San Mateo, California 94402, and our telephone number is (650) 561-8600.
Our website address is www.sagimet.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus and the inclusion of our website address in this prospectus is only an inactive textual reference.
Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company and Smaller Reporting Company
We qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the JOBS Act). An emerging growth company may take advantage of reduced reporting requirements that are otherwise applicable to public companies. These provisions include, but are not limited to:
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Being permitted to present only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this prospectus.
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Not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended (the Sarbanes-Oxley Act).
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Reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports, proxy statements and registration statements.
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Exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
We may take advantage of these provisions until December 31, 2028, which is the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of our initial public offering (IPO). However, if certain events occur prior to the end of such five-year period, including if we become a “large accelerated filer,” which occurs when the market value of our Series A common stock and Series B common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million, our annual gross revenues exceed $1.235 billion or we issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt in any three-year period, we will cease to be an emerging growth company prior to the end of such five-year period. We have elected to take advantage of these reduced disclosure obligations in the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and may elect to take advantage of other reduced reporting requirements in future filings. As a result of these elections, the information that we provide to our stockholders may be different than you might receive from other public reporting companies.
In addition, the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This provision allows an emerging growth company to delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those
standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to avail ourselves of this exemption and as a result, we will not be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that comply with the public company effective dates.
We are also a “smaller reporting company” as defined in the Exchange Act. We may continue to be a smaller reporting company even after we are no longer an emerging growth company. We may take advantage of certain of the scaled disclosures available to smaller reporting companies and will be able to take advantage of these scaled disclosures for so long as our voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250.0 million measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter, or our annual revenue is less than $100.0 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and our voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700.0 million measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter.
RISK FACTORS
Investment in any securities offered pursuant to this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement involves risks. You should carefully consider the risk factors included in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC, as such risk factors may be amended, supplemented or superseded from time to time by other reports we file with the SEC, including subsequent Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and the risk factors described under the caption “Risk Factors” in any applicable prospectus supplement. See “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference.” If any of these risks actually occurs, our business, results of operations and financial condition could suffer. In that case, the trading price of our securities could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us, or that we currently believe are immaterial, may also adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition and the value of an investment in our securities. In addition, past financial performance may not be a reliable indicator of future performance, and historical trends should not be used to anticipate results or trends in future periods.
USE OF PROCEEDS
We intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
The following description of our capital stock is not complete and may not contain all the information you should consider before investing in our capital stock. This description is summarized from, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, our Eleventh Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (our certificate of incorporation) and our second amended and restated bylaws (our bylaws), each of which has been publicly filed with the SEC. See “Where You Can Find More Information.” For a complete description, you should refer to our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws, copies of which are incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
General
Authorized Capital Stock. Our authorized capital stock consists of (i) 500,000,000 shares of Series A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, (ii) 15,000,000 shares of Series B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share and (iii) 10,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share. As of August 14, 2024, there were 30,674,855 shares of Series A common stock outstanding, 1,520,490 shares of Series B common stock outstanding and no shares of preferred stock outstanding.
Series A Common Stock and Series B Common Stock
Voting Rights. The holders of our Series A common stock are entitled to one vote per share of Series A common stock on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders. Holders of our Series B common stock are not entitled to any votes per share of Series B common stock, including for the election of directors. Our Series A common stock and Series B common stock do not have cumulative voting rights.
Dividends. Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive ratably any dividends declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available for that purpose, subject to any preferential dividend rights of any outstanding preferred stock.
Liquidation and Dissolution. In the event of our liquidation or dissolution, the holders of our common stock are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after the payment of all debts and other liabilities and subject to the prior rights of any of our outstanding preferred stock.
Other Rights. Holders of our common stock have no preemptive, subscription, redemption or conversion rights or sinking fund provisions, except that holders of our Series B common stock have the right to convert each share of our Series B common stock into one share of Series A common stock at such holder’s election, provided that as a result of such conversion, such holder would not beneficially own in excess of 4.99% of any series of our securities registered under the Exchange Act, except as expressly provided for in our certificate of incorporation. However, this ownership limitation may be increased or decreased to any other percentage designated by such holder of Series B common stock upon 61 days’ notice to us. The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of common stock are subject to and may be adversely affected by the rights of the holders of shares of any series of our preferred stock that we may designate and issue in the future.
Exchange Listing. Our Series A common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “SGMT.”
Transfer Agent and Registrar. The transfer agent and registrar for our Series A common stock and Series B common stock is Equiniti Trust Company, LLC. The transfer agent’s address is 6201 15th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219.
Preferred Stock
Under our certificate of incorporation, our board of directors has the authority, without further action by the stockholders, to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series, to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each such series, to fix the rights, preferences and privileges of the shares of each wholly unissued series and any qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereon and to increase or decrease the number of shares of any such series, but not below the number of shares of such series then outstanding.
The issuance of preferred stock with voting or conversion rights could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of the Series A common stock or the Series B common stock. The issuance of preferred stock, while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could, among other things, have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in our control that may otherwise benefit holders of our Series A common stock and Series B common stock and may adversely affect the market price of the Series A common stock and the voting and other rights of the holders of Series A common stock and Series B common stock. We have no current plans to issue any shares of preferred stock.
Anti-Takeover Provisions
The provisions of Delaware law, our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws, which are summarized below, may have the effect of delaying, deferring or discouraging another person from acquiring control of our company. They are also designed, in part, to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to negotiate first with our board of directors. We believe that the benefits of increased protection of our potential ability to negotiate with an unfriendly or unsolicited acquirer outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging a proposal to acquire us because negotiation of these proposals could result in an improvement of their terms.
Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. We are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (DGCL) which prohibits persons deemed “interested stockholders” from engaging in a “business combination” with a publicly-held Delaware corporation for three years following the date these persons become interested stockholders unless the business combination is, or the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder was, approved in a prescribed manner or another prescribed exception applies. Generally, an “interested stockholder” is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns, or within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status did own, 15% or more of a corporation’s voting stock. Generally, a “business combination” includes a merger, asset, or stock sale, or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. The existence of this provision may have an anti-takeover effect with respect to transactions not approved in advance by the board of directors, such as discouraging takeover attempts that might result in a premium over the market price of our Series A common stock.
Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws
Classified Board; Election and Removal of Directors. Our certificate of incorporation provides that our board of directors is divided into three classes, with each class serving staggered three-year terms. Our board of directors has the exclusive right to expand the size of our board of directors and to elect directors to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of the board of directors or the resignation, death, or removal of a director.
Stockholder Action; Special Meeting of Stockholders. Our certificate of incorporation provides that all stockholder actions are required to be taken by a vote of the stockholders at an annual or special meeting, and that stockholders may not take any action by written consent in lieu of a meeting. A special meeting of stockholders may be called by a majority of our board of directors. Our bylaws have established an advance notice procedure for stockholder proposals to be brought before an annual meeting of our stockholders, including proposed nominations of persons for election to our board of directors.
Undesignated Preferred Stock. As discussed above, our board of directors has the ability to issue preferred stock with voting or other rights or preferences that could impede the success of any attempt to change control of our company.
Choice of Forum. Our bylaws provide that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the sole and exclusive forum for the following claims or causes of action under the Delaware statutory or common law: (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of, or a claim based on, a breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our current or former directors, officers or other employees or stockholders to us or our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or our certificate of incorporation or bylaws (including the interpretation,
validity or enforceability thereof) or as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine.
However, Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all claims brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. Consequently, this choice of forum provision does not apply to claims or causes of action brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction or the Securities Act. Moreover, Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all claims brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder.
In addition, our bylaws provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause or causes of action arising under the Securities Act, including all causes of action asserted against any defendant to such complaint. For the avoidance of doubt, this provision is intended to benefit and may be enforced by us, our officers and directors, the underwriters to any offering giving rise to such complaint, and any other professional entity whose profession gives authority to a statement made by that person or entity and who has prepared or certified any part of the documents underlying the offering.
While the Delaware courts have determined that such choice of forum provisions are facially valid, a stockholder may nevertheless seek to bring a claim in a venue other than those designated in the exclusive forum provisions, and there can be no assurance that such provisions will be enforced by a court in those other jurisdictions. We note that investors cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.
Additionally, our bylaws provide that any person or entity holding, owning or otherwise acquiring any interest in any of our securities shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to these provisions.
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES
The following description, together with the additional information we include in any applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, summarizes certain general terms and provisions of the debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus. When we offer to sell a particular series of debt securities, we will describe the specific terms of the series in a supplement to this prospectus. We will also indicate in the supplement to what extent the general terms and provisions described in this prospectus apply to a particular series of debt securities.
We may issue debt securities either separately, or together with, or upon the conversion or exercise of or in exchange for, other securities described in this prospectus. Debt securities may be our senior, senior subordinated or subordinated obligations and, unless otherwise specified in a supplement to this prospectus, the debt securities will be our direct, unsecured obligations and may be issued in one or more series.
The debt securities will be issued under an indenture between us and a trustee to be named in the applicable indenture. We have summarized select portions of the indenture below. The summary is not complete. The form of the indenture has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part and you should read the indenture for provisions that may be important to you. Capitalized terms used in the summary and not defined herein have the meanings specified in the indenture.
General
The terms of each series of debt securities will be established by or pursuant to a resolution of our board of directors and set forth or determined in the manner provided in a resolution of our board of directors, in an officer’s certificate or by a supplemental indenture. The particular terms of each series of debt securities will be described in a prospectus supplement relating to such series (including any pricing supplement or term sheet).
We can issue an unlimited amount of debt securities under the indenture that may be in one or more series with the same or various maturities, at par, at a premium, or at a discount. We will set forth in a prospectus supplement (including any pricing supplement or term sheet) relating to any series of debt securities being offered, the aggregate principal amount and the following terms of the debt securities, if applicable:
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the title and ranking of the debt securities (including the terms of any subordination provisions);
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the price or prices (expressed as a percentage of the principal amount) at which we will sell the debt securities;
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any limit on the aggregate principal amount of the debt securities;
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the date or dates on which the principal of the securities of the series is payable;
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the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) per annum or the method used to determine the rate or rates (including any commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index) at which the debt securities will bear interest, the date or dates from which interest will accrue, the date or dates on which interest will commence and be payable and any regular record date for the interest payable on any interest payment date;
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the place or places where principal of, and interest, if any, on the debt securities will be payable (and the method of such payment), where the securities of such series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange, and where notices and demands to us in respect of the debt securities may be delivered;
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the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which we may redeem the debt securities;
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any obligation we have to redeem or purchase the debt securities pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the option of a holder of debt securities and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and in the terms and conditions upon which securities of the series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;
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the dates on which and the price or prices at which we will repurchase debt securities at the option of the holders of debt securities and other detailed terms and provisions of these repurchase obligations;
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the denominations in which the debt securities will be issued, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof;
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whether the debt securities will be issued in the form of certificated debt securities or global debt securities;
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the portion of principal amount of the debt securities payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity date, if other than the principal amount;
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the currency of denomination of the debt securities, which may be United States Dollars or any foreign currency, and if such currency of denomination is a composite currency, the agency or organization, if any, responsible for overseeing such composite currency;
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the designation of the currency, currencies or currency units in which payment of principal of, premium and interest on the debt securities will be made;
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if payments of principal of, premium or interest on the debt securities will be made in one or more currencies or currency units other than that or those in which the debt securities are denominated, the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to these payments will be determined;
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the manner in which the amounts of payment of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the debt securities will be determined, if these amounts may be determined by reference to an index based on a currency or currencies or by reference to a commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index;
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any provisions relating to any security provided for the debt securities;
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any addition to, deletion of or change in the Events of Default described in this prospectus or in the indenture with respect to the debt securities and any change in the acceleration provisions described in this prospectus or in the indenture with respect to the debt securities;
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any addition to, deletion of or change in the covenants described in this prospectus or in the indenture with respect to the debt securities;
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any depositaries, interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents or other agents with respect to the debt securities;
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the provisions, if any, relating to conversion or exchange of any debt securities of such series, including if applicable, the conversion or exchange price and period, provisions as to whether conversion or exchange will be mandatory, the events requiring an adjustment of the conversion or exchange price and provisions affecting conversion or exchange;
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any other terms of the debt securities, which may supplement, modify or delete any provision of the indenture as it applies to that series, including any terms that may be required under applicable law or regulations or advisable in connection with the marketing of the securities; and
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whether any of our direct or indirect subsidiaries will guarantee the debt securities of that series, including the terms of subordination, if any, of such guarantees.
We may issue debt securities that provide for an amount less than their stated principal amount to be due and payable upon declaration of acceleration of their maturity pursuant to the terms of the indenture. We will provide you with information on the federal income tax considerations and other special considerations applicable to any of these debt securities in the applicable prospectus supplement.
If we denominate the purchase price of any of the debt securities in a foreign currency or currencies or a foreign currency unit or units, or if the principal of and any premium and interest on any series of debt securities is payable in a foreign currency or currencies or a foreign currency unit or units, we will provide you with information on the restrictions, elections, general tax considerations, specific terms and other information with respect to that issue of debt securities and such foreign currency or currencies or foreign currency unit or units in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Transfer and Exchange
Each debt security will be represented by either one or more global securities registered in the name of The Depository Trust Company (the Depositary), or a nominee of the Depositary (we will refer to any debt security represented by a global debt security as a “book-entry debt security”), or a certificate issued in definitive registered form (we will refer to any debt security represented by a certificated security as a “certificated debt security”) as set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. Except as set forth under the heading “Global Debt Securities and Book-Entry System” below, book-entry debt securities will not be issuable in certificated form.
Certificated Debt Securities. You may transfer or exchange certificated debt securities at any office we maintain for this purpose in accordance with the terms of the indenture. No service charge will be made for any transfer or exchange of certificated debt securities, but we may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection with a transfer or exchange.
You may effect the transfer of certificated debt securities and the right to receive the principal of, premium and interest on certificated debt securities only by surrendering the certificate representing those certificated debt securities and either reissuance by us or the trustee of the certificate to the new holder or the issuance by us or the trustee of a new certificate to the new holder.
Global Debt Securities and Book-Entry System. Each global debt security representing book-entry debt securities will be deposited with, or on behalf of, the Depositary, and registered in the name of the Depositary or a nominee of the Depositary. Please see “Global Securities.”
Covenants
We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement any restrictive covenants applicable to any issue of debt securities.
No Protection in the Event of a Change of Control
Unless we state otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, the debt securities will not contain any provisions which may afford holders of the debt securities protection in the event we have a change in control or in the event of a highly leveraged transaction (whether or not such transaction results in a change in control) which could adversely affect holders of debt securities.
Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets
We may not consolidate with or merge with or into, or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of our properties and assets to any person (a successor person) unless:
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we are the surviving corporation or the successor person (if other than Sagimet) is a corporation organized and validly existing under the laws of any U.S. domestic jurisdiction and expressly assumes our obligations on the debt securities and under the indenture; and
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immediately after giving effect to the transaction, no Default or Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing.
Notwithstanding the above, any of our subsidiaries may consolidate with, merge into or transfer all or part of its properties to us.
Events of Default
“Event of Default” means with respect to any series of debt securities, any of the following:
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default in the payment of any interest upon any debt security of that series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days (unless the entire amount of the payment is deposited by us with the trustee or with a paying agent prior to the expiration of the 30-day period);
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default in the payment of principal of any security of that series at its maturity;
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default in the performance or breach of any other covenant or warranty by us in the indenture (other than a covenant or warranty that has been included in the indenture solely for the benefit of a series of debt securities other than that series), which default continues uncured for a period of 60 days after we receive written notice from the trustee or Sagimet and the trustee receive written notice from the holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series as provided in the indenture;
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certain voluntary or involuntary events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of Sagimet; and
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any other Event of Default provided with respect to debt securities of that series that is described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
No Event of Default with respect to a particular series of debt securities (except as to certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization) necessarily constitutes an Event of Default with respect to any other series of debt securities. The occurrence of certain Events of Default or an acceleration under the indenture may constitute an event of default under certain indebtedness of ours outstanding from time to time.
We will provide the trustee written notice of any Default or Event of Default within 30 days of becoming aware of the occurrence of such Default or Event of Default, which notice will describe in reasonable detail the status of such Default or Event of Default and what action we are taking or propose to take in respect thereof.
If an Event of Default with respect to debt securities of any series at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing, then the trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series may, by a notice in writing to us (and to the trustee if given by the holders), declare to be due and payable immediately the principal of (or, if the debt securities of that series are discount securities, that portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of that series) and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all debt securities of that series. In the case of an Event of Default resulting from certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, the principal (or such specified amount) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all outstanding debt securities will become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the trustee or any holder of outstanding debt securities. At any time after a declaration of acceleration with respect to debt securities of any series has been made, but before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the trustee, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series may rescind and annul the acceleration if all Events of Default, other than the non-payment of accelerated principal and interest, if any, with respect to debt securities of that series, have been cured or waived as provided in the indenture. We refer you to the prospectus supplement relating to any series of debt securities that are discount securities for the particular provisions relating to acceleration of a portion of the principal amount of such discount securities upon the occurrence of an Event of Default.
The indenture provides that the trustee may refuse to perform any duty or exercise any of its rights or powers under the indenture unless the trustee receives indemnity satisfactory to it against any cost, liability or expense which might be incurred by it in performing such duty or exercising such right or power. Subject to certain rights of the trustee, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee with respect to the debt securities of that series.
No holder of any debt security of any series will have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to the indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any remedy under the indenture, unless:
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that holder has previously given to the trustee written notice of a continuing Event of Default with respect to debt securities of that series; and
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the holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series have made written request, and offered indemnity or security satisfactory to the trustee, to the trustee to institute the proceeding as trustee, and the trustee has not received from the holders of not
less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series a direction inconsistent with that request and has failed to institute the proceeding within 60 days.
Notwithstanding any other provision in the indenture, the holder of any debt security will have an absolute and unconditional right to receive payment of the principal of, premium and any interest on that debt security on or after the due dates expressed in that debt security and to institute suit for the enforcement of payment.
The indenture requires us, within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year, to furnish to the trustee a statement as to compliance with the indenture. If a Default or Event of Default occurs and is continuing with respect to the securities of any series and if it is known to a responsible officer of the trustee, the trustee shall mail to each securityholder of the securities of that series notice of a Default or Event of Default within 90 days after it occurs or, if later, after a responsible officer of the trustee has knowledge of such Default or Event of Default. The indenture provides that the trustee may withhold notice to the holders of debt securities of any series of any Default or Event of Default (except in payment on any debt securities of that series) with respect to debt securities of that series if the trustee determines in good faith that withholding notice is in the interest of the holders of those debt securities.
Modification and Waiver
We and the trustee may modify, amend or supplement the indenture or the debt securities of any series without the consent of any holder of any debt security:
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to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency;
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to comply with covenants in the indenture described above under the heading “Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets”;
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to provide for uncertificated securities in addition to or in place of certificated securities;
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to add guarantees with respect to debt securities of any series or secure debt securities of any series;
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to surrender any of our rights or powers under the indenture;
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to add covenants or events of default for the benefit of the holders of debt securities of any series;
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to comply with the applicable procedures of the applicable depositary;
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to make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any holder of debt securities;
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to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of debt securities of any series as permitted by the indenture;
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to effect the appointment of a successor trustee with respect to the debt securities of any series and to add to or change any of the provisions of the indenture to provide for or facilitate administration by more than one trustee; or
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to comply with requirements of the SEC in order to effect or maintain the qualification of the indenture under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended.
We may also modify and amend the indenture with the consent of the holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series affected by the modifications or amendments. We may not make any modification or amendment without the consent of the holders of each affected debt security then outstanding if that amendment will:
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reduce the amount of debt securities whose holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver;
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reduce the rate of or extend the time for payment of interest (including default interest) on any debt security;
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reduce the principal of or premium on or change the fixed maturity of any debt security or reduce the amount of, or postpone the date fixed for, the payment of any sinking fund or analogous obligation with respect to any series of debt securities;
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reduce the principal amount of discount securities payable upon acceleration of maturity;
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waive a default in the payment of the principal of, premium or interest on any debt security (except a rescission of acceleration of the debt securities of any series by the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding debt securities of that series and a waiver of the payment default that resulted from such acceleration);
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make the principal of or premium or interest on any debt security payable in currency other than that stated in the debt security;
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make any change to certain provisions of the indenture relating to, among other things, the right of holders of debt securities to receive payment of the principal of, premium and interest on those debt securities and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment and to waivers or amendments; or
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waive a redemption payment with respect to any debt security.
Except for certain specified provisions, the holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series may, on behalf of the holders of all debt securities of that series, waive our compliance with provisions of the indenture. The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series may on behalf of the holders of all the debt securities of such series waive any past default under the indenture with respect to that series and its consequences, except a default in the payment of the principal of, premium or any interest on any debt security of that series; provided, however, that the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series may rescind an acceleration and its consequences, including any related payment default that resulted from the acceleration.
Defeasance of Debt Securities and Certain Covenants in Certain Circumstances
Legal Defeasance. The indenture provides that, unless otherwise provided by the terms of the applicable series of debt securities, we may be discharged from any and all obligations in respect of the debt securities of any series (subject to certain exceptions). We will be so discharged upon the irrevocable deposit with the trustee, in trust, of money and/or U.S. government obligations or, in the case of debt securities denominated in a single currency other than U.S. Dollars, government obligations of the government that issued or caused to be issued such currency, that, through the payment of interest and principal in accordance with their terms, will provide money or U.S. government obligations in an amount sufficient in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants or investment bank to pay and discharge each installment of principal, premium and interest on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of the debt securities of that series on the stated maturity of those payments in accordance with the terms of the indenture and those debt securities.
This discharge may occur only if, among other things, we have delivered to the trustee an opinion of counsel stating that we have received from, or there has been published by, the United States Internal Revenue Service a ruling or, since the date of execution of the indenture, there has been a change in the applicable United States federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such opinion shall confirm that, the holders of the debt securities of that series will not recognize income, gain or loss for United States federal income tax purposes as a result of the deposit, defeasance and discharge and will be subject to United States federal income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if the deposit, defeasance and discharge had not occurred.
Defeasance of Certain Covenants. The indenture provides that, unless otherwise provided by the terms of the applicable series of debt securities, upon compliance with certain conditions:
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we may omit to comply with the covenant described under the heading “Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets” and certain other covenants set forth in the indenture, as well as any additional covenants which may be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement; and
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any omission to comply with those covenants will not constitute a Default or an Event of Default with respect to the debt securities of that series (covenant defeasance).
The conditions include:
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depositing with the trustee money and/or U.S. government obligations or, in the case of debt securities denominated in a single currency other than U.S. Dollars, government obligations of the government that issued or caused to be issued such currency, that, through the payment of interest and principal in accordance with their terms, will provide money in an amount sufficient in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants or investment bank to pay and discharge each installment of principal of, premium and interest on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of the debt securities of that series on the stated maturity of those payments in accordance with the terms of the indenture and those debt securities; and
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delivering to the trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect that the holders of the debt securities of that series will not recognize income, gain or loss for United States federal income tax purposes as a result of the deposit and related covenant defeasance and will be subject to United States federal income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if the deposit and related covenant defeasance had not occurred.
No Personal Liability of Directors, Officers, Employees or Securityholders
None of our past, present or future directors, officers, employees or securityholders, as such, will have any liability for any of our obligations under the debt securities or the indenture or for any claim based on, or in respect or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. By accepting a debt security, each holder waives and releases all such liability.
This waiver and release is part of the consideration for the issue of the debt securities. However, this waiver and release may not be effective to waive liabilities under U.S. federal securities laws, and it is the view of the SEC that such a waiver is against public policy.
Governing Law
The indenture and the debt securities, including any claim or controversy arising out of or relating to the indenture or the debt securities, will be governed by the laws of the State of New York.
The indenture will provide that we, the trustee and the holders of the debt securities (by their acceptance of the debt securities) irrevocably waive, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any and all right to trial by jury in any legal proceeding arising out of or relating to the indenture, the debt securities or the transactions contemplated thereby.
The indenture will provide that any legal suit, action or proceeding arising out of or based upon the indenture or the transactions contemplated thereby may be instituted in the federal courts of the United States of America located in the City of New York or the courts of the State of New York in each case located in the City of New York, and we, the trustee and the holder of the debt securities (by their acceptance of the debt securities) irrevocably submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of such courts in any such suit, action or proceeding. The indenture will further provide that service of any process, summons, notice or document by mail (to the extent allowed under any applicable statute or rule of court) to such party’s address set forth in the indenture will be effective service of process for any suit, action or other proceeding brought in any such court. The indenture will further provide that we, the trustee and the holders of the debt securities (by their acceptance of the debt securities) irrevocably and unconditionally waive any objection to the laying of venue of any suit, action or other proceeding in the courts specified above and irrevocably and unconditionally waive and agree not to plead or claim any such suit, action or other proceeding has been brought in an inconvenient forum.
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS
We may issue warrants for the purchase of shares of our Series A common stock or preferred stock or of debt securities. We may issue warrants independently or together with other securities, and the warrants may be attached to or separate from any offered securities. Each series of warrants will be issued under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between us and the investors or a warrant agent. The following summary of material provisions of the warrants and warrant agreements are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the warrant agreement and warrant certificate applicable to a particular series of warrants. The terms of any warrants offered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, as well as the complete warrant agreements and warrant certificates that contain the terms of the warrants.
The particular terms of any issue of warrants will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to the issue. Those terms may include:
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the number of shares of Series A common stock or preferred stock purchasable upon the exercise of warrants to purchase such shares and the price at which such number of shares may be purchased upon such exercise;
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the designation, stated value and terms (including, without limitation, liquidation, dividend, conversion and voting rights) of the series of preferred stock purchasable upon exercise of warrants to purchase preferred stock;
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the principal amount of debt securities that may be purchased upon exercise of a debt warrant and the exercise price for the warrants, which may be payable in cash, securities or other property;
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the date, if any, on and after which the warrants and the related debt securities, preferred stock or Series A common stock will be separately transferable;
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the terms of any rights to redeem or call the warrants;
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the date on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence and the date on which the right will expire;
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United States federal income tax consequences applicable to the warrants; and
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any additional terms of the warrants, including terms, procedures, and limitations relating to the exchange, exercise and settlement of the warrants.
Holders of equity warrants will not be entitled to:
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vote, consent or receive dividends;
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receive notice as stockholders with respect to any meeting of stockholders for the election of our directors or any other matter; or
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exercise any rights as our stockholders.
Each warrant will entitle its holder to purchase the principal amount of debt securities or the number of shares of preferred stock or Series A common stock at the exercise price set forth in, or calculable as set forth in, the applicable prospectus supplement. Unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants at any time up to the specified time on the expiration date that we set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants will become void.
A holder of warrant certificates may exchange them for new warrant certificates of different denominations, present them for registration of transfer and exercise them at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement. Until any warrants to purchase debt securities are exercised, the holder of the warrants will not have any rights of holders of the debt securities that can be purchased upon exercise, including any rights to receive payments of principal, premium or interest on the underlying debt securities or to enforce covenants in the applicable indenture. Until any warrants to purchase Series A common stock or preferred stock are exercised, the holders of the warrants will not have any rights of holders of the underlying Series A common stock or preferred stock, including any rights to receive dividends or payments upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up on the Series A common stock or preferred stock, if any.
DESCRIPTION OF UNITS
We may issue units consisting of any combination of the other types of securities offered under this prospectus in one or more series. We may evidence each series of units by unit certificates that we will issue under a separate agreement. We may enter into unit agreements with a unit agent. Each unit agent will be a bank or trust company that we select. We will indicate the name and address of the unit agent in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of units.
The following description, together with the additional information included in any applicable prospectus supplement, summarizes the general features of the units that we may offer under this prospectus. You should read any prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize to be provided to you related to the series of units being offered, as well as the complete unit agreements that contain the terms of the units. Specific unit agreements will contain additional important terms and provisions and we will file as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from another report that we file with the SEC, the form of each unit agreement relating to units offered under this prospectus.
If we offer any units, certain terms of that series of units will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement, including, without limitation, the following, as applicable:
•
the title of the series of units;
•
identification and description of the separate constituent securities comprising the units;
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the price or prices at which the units will be issued;
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the date, if any, on and after which the constituent securities comprising the units will be separately transferable;
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a discussion of certain United States federal income tax considerations applicable to the units; and
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any other terms of the units and their constituent securities.
DESCRIPTION OF OUR SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS
We may issue subscription rights to purchase our Series A common stock, preferred stock or debt securities. These subscription rights may be offered independently or together with any other security offered hereby and may or may not be transferable by the stockholder receiving the subscription rights in such offering. In connection with any offering of subscription rights, we may enter into a standby arrangement with one or more underwriters or other purchasers pursuant to which the underwriters or other purchasers may be required to purchase any securities remaining unsubscribed for after such offering.
The prospectus supplement relating to any subscription rights we offer, if any, will, to the extent applicable, include specific terms relating to the offering, including some or all of the following:
•
the price, if any, for the subscription rights;
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the exercise price payable for our Series A common stock, preferred stock or debt securities upon the exercise of the subscription rights;
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the number of subscription rights to be issued to each stockholder;
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the number and terms of our Series A common stock, preferred stock or debt securities which may be purchased per each subscription right;
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the extent to which the subscription rights are transferable;
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any other terms of the subscription rights, including the terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the subscription rights;
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the date on which the right to exercise the subscription rights shall commence, and the date on which the subscription rights shall expire;
•
the extent to which the subscription rights may include an over-subscription privilege with respect to unsubscribed securities or an over-allotment privilege to the extent the securities are fully subscribed; and
•
if applicable, the material terms of any standby underwriting or purchase arrangement which may be entered into by us in connection with the offering of subscription rights.
The description in the applicable prospectus supplement of any subscription rights we offer will not necessarily be complete and will be qualified in its entirety by reference to the applicable subscription rights certificate, which will be filed with the SEC if we offer subscription rights. We urge you to read the applicable subscription rights certificate and any applicable prospectus supplement in their entirety.
GLOBAL SECURITIES
Book-Entry, Delivery and Form
Unless we indicate differently in any applicable prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, the securities initially will be issued in book-entry form and represented by one or more global notes or global securities (collectively, global securities). The global securities will be deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York, as depositary (DTC), and registered in the name of Cede & Co., the nominee of DTC. Unless and until it is exchanged for individual certificates evidencing securities under the limited circumstances described below, a global security may not be transferred except as a whole by the depositary to its nominee or by the nominee to the depositary, or by the depositary or its nominee to a successor depositary or to a nominee of the successor depositary.
DTC has advised us that it is:
•
a limited-purpose trust company organized under the New York Banking Law;
•
a “banking organization” within the meaning of the New York Banking Law;
•
a member of the Federal Reserve System;
•
a “clearing corporation” within the meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code; and
•
a “clearing agency” registered pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A of the Exchange Act.
DTC holds securities that its participants deposit with DTC. DTC also facilitates the settlement among its participants of securities transactions, such as transfers and pledges, in deposited securities through electronic computerized book-entry changes in participants’ accounts, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. “Direct participants” in DTC include securities brokers and dealers, including underwriters, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and other organizations. DTC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (DTCC). DTCC is the holding company for DTC, National Securities Clearing Corporation and Fixed Income Clearing Corporation, all of which are registered clearing agencies. DTCC is owned by the users of its regulated subsidiaries. Access to the DTC system is also available to others, which we sometimes refer to as indirect participants, that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a direct participant, either directly or indirectly. The rules applicable to DTC and its participants are on file with the SEC.
Purchases of securities under the DTC system must be made by or through direct participants, which will receive a credit for the securities on DTC’s records. The ownership interest of the actual purchaser of a security, which we sometimes refer to as a beneficial owner, is in turn recorded on the direct and indirect participants’ records. Beneficial owners of securities will not receive written confirmation from DTC of their purchases. However, beneficial owners are expected to receive written confirmations providing details of their transactions, as well as periodic statements of their holdings, from the direct or indirect participants through which they purchased securities. Transfers of ownership interests in global securities are to be accomplished by entries made on the books of participants acting on behalf of beneficial owners. Beneficial owners will not receive certificates representing their ownership interests in the global securities, except under the limited circumstances described below.
To facilitate subsequent transfers, all global securities deposited by direct participants with DTC will be registered in the name of DTC’s partnership nominee, Cede & Co., or such other name as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC. The deposit of securities with DTC and their registration in the name of Cede & Co. or such other nominee will not change the beneficial ownership of the securities. DTC has no knowledge of the actual beneficial owners of the securities. DTC’s records reflect only the identity of the direct participants to whose accounts the securities are credited, which may or may not be the beneficial owners. The participants are responsible for keeping account of their holdings on behalf of their customers.
So long as the securities are in book-entry form, you will receive payments and may transfer securities only through the facilities of the depositary and its direct and indirect participants. We will maintain an office or agency in the location specified in the prospectus supplement for the applicable securities, where notices and demands in respect of the securities and the indenture may be delivered to us and where certificated securities may be surrendered for payment, registration of transfer or exchange.
Conveyance of notices and other communications by DTC to direct participants, by direct participants to indirect participants and by direct participants and indirect participants to beneficial owners will be governed by arrangements among them, subject to any legal requirements in effect from time to time.
Redemption notices will be sent to DTC. If less than all of the securities of a particular series are being redeemed, DTC’s practice is to determine by lot the amount of the interest of each direct participant in the securities of such series to be redeemed.
Neither DTC nor Cede & Co. (or such other DTC nominee) will consent or vote with respect to the securities. Under its usual procedures, DTC will mail an omnibus proxy to us as soon as possible after the record date. The omnibus proxy assigns the consenting or voting rights of Cede & Co. to those direct participants to whose accounts the securities of such series are credited on the record date, identified in a listing attached to the omnibus proxy.
So long as securities are in book-entry form, we will make payments on those securities to the depositary or its nominee, as the registered owner of such securities, by wire transfer of immediately available funds. If securities are issued in definitive certificated form under the limited circumstances described below and unless if otherwise provided in the description of the applicable securities herein or in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will have the option of making payments by check mailed to the addresses of the persons entitled to payment or by wire transfer to bank accounts in the United States designated in writing to the applicable trustee or other designated party at least 15 days before the applicable payment date by the persons entitled to payment, unless a shorter period is satisfactory to the applicable trustee or other designated party.
Redemption proceeds, distributions and dividend payments on the securities will be made to Cede & Co., or such other nominee as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC. DTC’s practice is to credit direct participants’ accounts upon DTC’s receipt of funds and corresponding detail information from us on the payment date in accordance with their respective holdings shown on DTC records. Payments by participants to beneficial owners will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is the case with securities held for the account of customers in bearer form or registered in “street name.” Those payments will be the responsibility of participants and not of DTC or us, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements in effect from time to time. Payment of redemption proceeds, distributions and dividend payments to Cede & Co., or such other nominee as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC, is our responsibility, disbursement of payments to direct participants is the responsibility of DTC, and disbursement of payments to the beneficial owners is the responsibility of direct and indirect participants.
Except under the limited circumstances described below, purchasers of securities will not be entitled to have securities registered in their names and will not receive physical delivery of securities. Accordingly, each beneficial owner must rely on the procedures of DTC and its participants to exercise any rights under the securities and the indenture.
The laws of some jurisdictions may require that some purchasers of securities take physical delivery of securities in definitive form. Those laws may impair the ability to transfer or pledge beneficial interests in securities.
DTC may discontinue providing its services as securities depositary with respect to the securities at any time by giving reasonable notice to us. Under such circumstances, in the event that a successor depositary is not obtained, securities certificates are required to be printed and delivered.
As noted above, beneficial owners of a particular series of securities generally will not receive certificates representing their ownership interests in those securities. However, if:
•
DTC notifies us that it is unwilling or unable to continue as a depositary for the global security or securities representing such series of securities or if DTC ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act at a time when it is required to be registered and a successor depositary is not appointed within 90 days of the notification to us or of our becoming aware of DTC’s ceasing to be so registered, as the case may be;
•
we determine, in our sole discretion, not to have such securities represented by one or more global securities; or
•
an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing with respect to such series of securities,
we will prepare and deliver certificates for such securities in exchange for beneficial interests in the global securities. Any beneficial interest in a global security that is exchangeable under the circumstances described in the preceding sentence will be exchangeable for securities in definitive certificated form registered in the names that the depositary directs. It is expected that these directions will be based upon directions received by the depositary from its participants with respect to ownership of beneficial interests in the global securities.
We have obtained the information in this section and elsewhere in this prospectus concerning DTC and DTC’s book-entry system from sources that are believed to be reliable, but we take no responsibility for the accuracy of this information.
Euroclear and Clearstream
If so provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, you may hold interests in a global security through Clearstream Banking S.A., (Clearstream) or Euroclear Bank S.A./N.V., as operator of the Euroclear System (Euroclear) either directly if you are a participant in Clearstream or Euroclear or indirectly through organizations which are participants in Clearstream or Euroclear. Clearstream and Euroclear will hold interests on behalf of their respective participants through customers’ securities accounts in the names of Clearstream and Euroclear, respectively, on the books of their respective U.S. depositaries, which in turn will hold such interests in customers’ securities accounts in such depositaries’ names on DTC’s books.
Clearstream and Euroclear are securities clearance systems in Europe. Clearstream and Euroclear hold securities for their respective participating organizations and facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions between those participants through electronic book-entry changes in their accounts, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of certificates.
Payments, deliveries, transfers, exchanges, notices and other matters relating to beneficial interests in global securities owned through Euroclear or Clearstream must comply with the rules and procedures of those systems. Transactions between participants in Euroclear or Clearstream, on one hand, and other participants in DTC, on the other hand, are also subject to DTC’s rules and procedures.
Investors will be able to make and receive through Euroclear and Clearstream payments, deliveries, transfers and other transactions involving any beneficial interests in global securities held through those systems only on days when those systems are open for business. Those systems may not be open for business on days when banks, brokers and other institutions are open for business in the United States.
Cross-market transfers between participants in DTC, on the one hand, and participants in Euroclear or Clearstream, on the other hand, will be effected through DTC in accordance with the DTC’s rules on behalf of Euroclear or Clearstream, as the case may be, by their respective U.S. depositaries; however, such cross-market transactions will require delivery of instructions to Euroclear or Clearstream, as the case may be, by the counterparty in such system in accordance with the rules and procedures and within the established deadlines (European time) of such system. Euroclear or Clearstream, as the case may be, will, if the transaction meets its settlement requirements, deliver instructions to its U.S. depositary to take action to effect final settlement on its behalf by delivering or receiving interests in the global securities through DTC, and making or receiving payment in accordance with normal procedures for same-day fund settlement. Participants in Euroclear or Clearstream may not deliver instructions directly to their respective U.S. depositaries.
Due to time zone differences, the securities accounts of a participant in Euroclear or Clearstream purchasing an interest in a global security from a direct participant in DTC will be credited, and any such crediting will be reported to the relevant participant in Euroclear or Clearstream, during the securities settlement processing day (which must be a business day for Euroclear or Clearstream) immediately following the settlement date of DTC. Cash received in Euroclear or Clearstream as a result of sales of interests in a global security by or through a participant in Euroclear or Clearstream to a direct participant in DTC will be
received with value on the settlement date of DTC but will be available in the relevant Euroclear or Clearstream cash account only as of the business day for Euroclear or Clearstream following DTC’s settlement date.
Other
The information in this section of this prospectus concerning DTC, Clearstream, Euroclear and their respective book-entry systems has been obtained from sources that we believe to be reliable, but we do not take responsibility for this information. This information has been provided solely as a matter of convenience. The rules and procedures of DTC, Clearstream and Euroclear are solely within the control of those organizations and could change at any time. Neither we nor the trustee nor any agent of ours or of the trustee has any control over those entities and none of us takes any responsibility for their activities. You are urged to contact DTC, Clearstream and Euroclear or their respective participants directly to discuss those matters. In addition, although we expect that DTC, Clearstream and Euroclear will perform the foregoing procedures, none of them is under any obligation to perform or continue to perform such procedures and such procedures may be discontinued at any time. Neither we nor any agent of ours will have any responsibility for the performance or nonperformance by DTC, Clearstream and Euroclear or their respective participants of these or any other rules or procedures governing their respective operations.
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We may sell the securities from time to time pursuant to underwritten public offerings, “at-the-market offerings,” negotiated transactions, block trades or a combination of these methods or through underwriters or dealers, through agents and/or directly to one or more purchasers. The securities may be distributed from time to time in one or more transactions:
•
at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed;
•
at market prices prevailing at the time of sale;
•
at prices related to such prevailing market prices;
•
in “at-the-market offerings” (as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act);
•
at negotiated prices; or
•
through any method permitted by applicable law and described in a prospectus supplement.
Each time that we sell securities covered by this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement or supplements that will describe the method of distribution and set forth the terms and conditions of the offering of such securities, including the offering price of the securities and the proceeds to us, if applicable.
Offers to purchase the securities being offered by this prospectus may be solicited directly. Agents may also be designated to solicit offers to purchase the securities from time to time. Any agent involved in the offer or sale of our securities will be identified in a prospectus supplement.
If a dealer is utilized in the sale of the securities being offered by this prospectus, the securities will be sold to the dealer, as principal. The dealer may then resell the securities to the public at varying prices to be determined by the dealer at the time of resale.
If an underwriter is utilized in the sale of the securities being offered by this prospectus, an underwriting agreement will be executed with the underwriter at the time of sale and the name of any underwriter will be provided in the prospectus supplement that the underwriter will use to make resales of the securities to the public. In connection with the sale of the securities, we or the purchasers of securities for whom the underwriter may act as agent, may compensate the underwriter in the form of underwriting discounts or commissions. The underwriter may sell the securities to or through dealers, and those dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from the purchasers for which they may act as agent. Unless otherwise indicated in a prospectus supplement, an agent will be acting on a best efforts basis and a dealer will purchase securities as a principal, and may then resell the securities at varying prices to be determined by the dealer.
Any compensation paid to underwriters, dealers or agents in connection with the offering of the securities, and any discounts, concessions or commissions allowed by underwriters to participating dealers will be provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. Underwriters, dealers and agents participating in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act, and any discounts and commissions received by them and any profit realized by them on resale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions. We may enter into agreements to indemnify underwriters, dealers and agents against civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute to payments they may be required to make in respect thereof and to reimburse those persons for certain expenses.
Any Series A common stock or preferred stock will be listed on the Nasdaq Global Market, but any other securities may or may not be listed on a national securities exchange.
To facilitate the offering of securities, and to the extent permitted by and in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act, certain persons participating in the offering may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the securities. This may include over-allotments or short sales of the securities, which involve the sale by persons participating in the offering of more securities than were sold to them. In these circumstances, these persons would cover such over-allotments or short positions by making purchases in the open market or by exercising their over-allotment option, if any. In addition, these persons may stabilize or maintain the price of the securities by bidding for or purchasing
securities in the open market or by imposing penalty bids, whereby selling concessions allowed to dealers participating in the offering may be reclaimed if securities sold by them are repurchased in connection with stabilization transactions. The effect of these transactions may be to stabilize or maintain the market price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. These transactions may be discontinued at any time.
To the extent permitted by and in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act, any underwriters who are qualified market makers on Nasdaq may engage in passive market making transactions in the securities on Nasdaq during the business day prior to the pricing of an offering, before the commencement of offers or sales of the securities. Passive market makers must comply with applicable volume and price limitations and must be identified as passive market makers. In general, a passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid for such security; if all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker’s bid, however, the passive market maker’s bid must then be lowered when certain purchase limits are exceeded.
If indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, underwriters or other persons acting as agents may be authorized to solicit offers by institutions or other suitable purchasers to purchase the securities at the public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement, pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on the date or dates stated in the prospectus supplement. These purchasers may include, among others, commercial and savings banks, insurance companies, pension funds, investment companies and educational and charitable institutions. Delayed delivery contracts will be subject to the condition that the purchase of the securities covered by the delayed delivery contracts will not at the time of delivery be prohibited under the laws of any jurisdiction in the United States to which the purchaser is subject. The underwriters and agents will not have any responsibility with respect to the validity or performance of these contracts.
We may engage in “at-the-market offerings” into an existing trading market in accordance with Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act. In addition, we may enter into derivative transactions with third parties, or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions. If the applicable prospectus supplement so indicates, in connection with those derivatives, the third parties may sell securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, including in short sale transactions. If so, the third party may use securities pledged by us or borrowed from us or others to settle those sales or to close out any related open borrowings of stock, and may use securities received from us in settlement of those derivatives to close out any related open borrowings of stock. The third party in such sale transactions will be an underwriter and, if not identified in this prospectus, will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement (or a post-effective amendment). In addition, we may otherwise loan or pledge securities to a financial institution or other third party that in turn may sell the securities short using this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement. Such financial institution or other third party may transfer its economic short position to investors in our securities or in connection with a concurrent offering of other securities.
The specific terms of any lock-up provisions in respect of any given offering will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
The underwriters, dealers and agents may engage in transactions with us, or perform services for us, in the ordinary course of business for which they receive compensation.
No securities may be sold under this prospectus without delivery, in paper format or in electronic format, or both, of the applicable prospectus supplement describing the method and terms of the offering.
LEGAL MATTERS
Goodwin Procter LLP will pass upon certain legal matters relating to the issuance and sale of the securities offered hereby on behalf of Sagimet Biosciences Inc. Additional legal matters may be passed upon for us or any underwriters, dealers or agents by counsel that we will name in the applicable prospectus supplement.
EXPERTS
The financial statements of Sagimet Biosciences Inc. as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2023, incorporated by reference in this Prospectus by reference to Sagimet Biosciences Inc.’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report. Such financial statements are incorporated by reference in reliance upon the report of such firm given their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
$300,000,000
Series A Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Debt Securities
Warrants
Units
Subscription Rights
Prospectus
, 2024
We have not authorized any dealer, salesperson or other person to give any information or represent anything not contained in this prospectus. You must not rely on any unauthorized information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. This prospectus does not offer to sell any securities in any jurisdiction where it is unlawful. Neither the delivery of this prospectus, nor any sale made hereunder, shall create any implication that the information in this prospectus is correct after the date hereof.
The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the securities and exchange commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED AUGUST 15, 2024.
PROSPECTUS
Up to $75,000,000
Series A Common Stock
We have entered into a Controlled Equity OfferingSM Sales Agreement, (Sales Agreement) with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (Cantor) relating to the sale of shares of our Series A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, offered by this prospectus. In accordance with the terms of the Sales Agreement, under this prospectus, we may offer and sell shares of our Series A common stock from time to time through or to Cantor, acting as sales agent, having an aggregate offering price of up to $75.0 million.
Our Series A common stock trades on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “SGMT.” On August 14, 2024, the last sale price of our Series A common stock reported on the Nasdaq Global Market was $2.47 per share.
Sales of our Series A common stock, if any, under this prospectus may be made in sales deemed to be in negotiated transactions or transactions that are deemed “at-the-market offerings” as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act). Cantor is not required to sell any specific amount of our Series A common stock, but will act as our sales agent using commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices, on mutually agreed terms between Cantor and us. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in any escrow, trust or similar arrangement.
Cantor will be entitled to compensation at a commission rate of up to 3.0% of the gross sales price per share sold by the sales agent under the sales agreement. In connection with the sale of Series A common stock on our behalf, Cantor will be deemed to be an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act and the compensation of Cantor will be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. We have also agreed to provide indemnification and contributions to Cantor against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
We are an emerging growth company and a smaller reporting company as defined under federal securities laws and, as such, may elect to comply with certain reduced public company reporting requirements for future filings.
INVESTING IN OUR SERIES A COMMON STOCK INVOLVES RISKS. BEFORE MAKING AN INVESTMENT DECISION, PLEASE READ THE RISKS DESCRIBED UNDER THE CAPTION “RISK FACTORS” BEGINNING ON PAGE 9 OF THIS PROSPECTUS AND IN THE DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE INTO THIS PROSPECTUS.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is , 2024.
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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) utilizing a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may from time to time offer and sell shares of our Series A common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $75,000,000 under this prospectus at prices and on terms to be determined by market conditions at the time of offering.
To the extent that any statement we make in this prospectus is inconsistent with statements made in any documents incorporated by reference herein that was filed with the SEC before the date of this prospectus, the statements made in this prospectus will be deemed to modify or supersede those made in the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein. However, if any statement in one of these documents is inconsistent with a statement in another document having a later date—for example, a document incorporated by reference in this prospectus—the statement in the document having the later date modifies or supersedes the earlier statement as our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since the earlier dates. You should read this prospectus and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize for use in connection with this offering, including the information incorporated by reference herein and therein before deciding to invest in our Series A common stock.
You should rely only on the information contained in, or incorporated by reference into, this prospectus and in any free writing prospectus that we may authorize for use in connection with this offering. We have not, and Cantor has not, authorized any dealer, salesman or other person to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the registered securities described in this prospectus, nor does this prospectus constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate on any date subsequent to the date set forth on the front of the document or that any information we have incorporated by reference herein or therein is correct on any date subsequent to the date of the document incorporated by reference, even though this prospectus is delivered, or securities are sold, on a later date.
When we refer to “Sagimet,” “Sagimet Biosciences,” “we,” “our,” “us” and the “Company” in this prospectus, we mean Sagimet Biosciences Inc. unless otherwise specified. When we refer to “you,” we mean the potential holders of the applicable series of securities.
This prospectus contains or incorporates by reference documents that contain references to trademarks, service marks and trade names owned by us or other entities. All trademarks, service marks and trade names included or incorporated by reference into this prospectus are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, trademarks, service marks and trade names referred to in this prospectus may appear without the ® and ™ symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that their respective owners will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, their rights thereto. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names, trademarks or service marks to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, these other companies.
This prospectus contains or incorporates by reference summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been or will be filed or have been or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described in this prospectus under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.”
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
This prospectus forms part of a registration statement on Form S-3 filed with the SEC under the Securities Act. This prospectus does not contain all the information set forth in the registration statement and the exhibits to the registration statement or the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein. For further information with respect to us and the securities that we are offering under this prospectus, we refer you to the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules filed as a part of the registration statement and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein. You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or incorporated by reference herein or therein. We have not authorized anyone else to provide you with different information. We are not making an offer of these securities in any state where the offer is not permitted. You should not assume that the information in this prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front page of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of the securities offered hereby.
We are currently subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, and in accordance therewith file periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Our SEC filings are available to you on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and in the “Investors” section of our website at www.sagimet.com. Our website and the information contained on that site, or connected to that site, are not incorporated into and are not a part of this prospectus.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE
This prospectus is part of a registration statement filed with the SEC. The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” information from other documents that we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus. Information in this prospectus supersedes information incorporated by reference that we filed with the SEC prior to the date of this prospectus, while information that we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede the information in this prospectus. We incorporate by reference into this prospectus and the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part the information or documents listed below that we have filed with the SEC:
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Our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 22, 2024; January 30, 2024; February 2, 2024; March 25, 2024; May 6, 2024; June 6, 2024, as amended on June 13, 2024; July 2, 2024; August 1, 2024 and August 14, 2024 (in each case other than any portions thereof deemed furnished and not filed); and
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In addition, all documents that we file with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of the initial registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and prior to the effectiveness of such registration statement and all such documents that we file with the SEC after the date of this prospectus and before the termination of the offering of our securities shall be deemed incorporated by reference into this prospectus and to be a part of this prospectus from the respective dates of filing such documents.
Any statement contained in a document incorporated by reference in this prospectus shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this
prospectus or in any other subsequently filed document that also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus modifies or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus.
You may obtain copies of any of these filings by contacting us at the address and telephone number indicated below. Documents incorporated by reference are available from us without charge, excluding all exhibits unless an exhibit has been specifically incorporated by reference into this prospectus, by requesting them in writing or by telephone at:
Sagimet Biosciences Inc.
155 Bovet Road, Suite 303
San Mateo, California 94402
(650)561-8600
Attention: General Counsel
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This summary description about us, our business and this offering highlights selected information contained elsewhere in this prospectus or incorporated in this prospectus by reference. This summary does not contain all of the information you should consider before deciding to invest in our Series A common stock. You should carefully read this entire prospectus and any free writing prospectus with respect to this offering filed by us with the SEC, including each of the documents incorporated herein or therein by reference, before making an investment decision. Investors should carefully consider the information set forth under “Risk Factors” on page 9 and in the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
Overview
We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing novel therapeutics called fatty acid synthase (FASN) inhibitors that target dysfunctional metabolic pathways in diseases resulting from the overproduction of the fatty acid, palmitate. Our lead drug candidate, denifanstat, is an oral, once-daily pill and selective FASN inhibitor in development for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), formerly known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Denifanstat has been studied in over 740 people to date in our clinical trials, including our FASCINATE-1 and -2 clinical trials. We are currently designing pivotal Phase 3 clinical trials for denifanstat in MASH and expect to initiate our Phase 3 development program in the second half of 2024.
In January 2024, we announced positive topline results from the Phase 2b FASCINATE-2 clinical trial, evaluating denifanstat in biopsy-confirmed MASH patients with stage F2 or F3 fibrosis compared to placebo at week 52. The FASCINATE-2 Phase 2b clinical trial achieved statistically significant results on primary and multiple secondary endpoints at week 52 in 168 MASH patients, in the modified intention to treat (mITT) population, including:
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The primary endpoints of ≥2-point reduction in NAS (NAFLD Activity Score) without worsening of fibrosis (denifanstat 52% vs. placebo 20%, p=0.0003), and MASH resolution without worsening of fibrosis with ≥2-point reduction in NAS (denifanstat 36% vs. placebo 13%, p=0.0044).
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Multiple secondary endpoints of fibrosis improvement by ≥ 1 stage with no worsening of MASH (denifanstat 41% vs. placebo 18%, p=0.0051), MASH resolution with no worsening of fibrosis (denifanstat 38% vs. placebo 16%, p=0.0021), and a greater proportion of MRI-derived proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) ≥30% responders relative to placebo (denifanstat 65% vs. placebo 21%, p<0.0001). MRI-PDFF responders are patients with ≥8% liver fat content at baseline who achieve a ≥30% relative reduction of liver fat at the end of treatment.
Denifanstat showed also statistical significance in fibrosis improvement by an independent approach of artificial intelligence (AI) digital pathology-based qFibrosis assessment. Additionally, our precision medicine approach is core to our development strategy in MASH and includes the identification of pharmacodynamic and predictive biomarkers to confirm target engagement and clinical response in patients treated with denifanstat. We held an End-of-Phase 2 meeting with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in May 2024 and are currently in discussions with the FDA regarding our Phase 3 development plans for denifanstat in MASH.
In June 2024, we presented positive data from the FASCINATE-2 Phase 2b clinical trial of denifanstat versus placebo in biopsy-confirmed MASH patients at the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) Congress. Our EASL presentation included the following 52-week intention to treat (ITT), mITT and F3 subgroup efficacy data:
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The primary endpoint of ≥2-point reduction in NAS (NAFLD Activity Score) without worsening of fibrosis (denifanstat 38% vs. placebo 16%, p=0.0035) or MASH resolution with ≥2-point reduction in NAS without worsening of fibrosis (denifanstat 26% vs. placebo 11%, p=0.0173) in the ITT population.
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Secondary endpoints of fibrosis improvement by ≥ 1 stage with no worsening of MASH in the ITT (denifanstat 30% vs. placebo 14%, p=0.0199) and F3 mITT (denifanstat 49% vs. placebo 13%, p=0.0032) populations.
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Fibrosis improvement by ≥ 2 stages with no worsening of MASH in the mITT (denifanstat 20% vs. placebo 2%, p=0.0065) and F3 mITT (denifanstat 34% vs. placebo 4%, p=0.0065) populations.
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A statistically significant difference in progression to cirrhosis (F4) in the mITT population (denifanstat 5% vs. placebo 11%, p=0.0386).
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A statistically significant difference in fibrosis improvement by ≥ 1 stage with no worsening of MASH for patients on a stable background dose of a GLP-1RA (denifanstat 42% vs. placebo 0%, p=0.034) in the mITT population.
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A statistically significant increase in beneficial polyunsaturated triglycerides at the end of 52 week of treatment (+42% denifanstat vs. -4% placebo, p<0.001) in the mITT population.
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A biomarker of denifanstat activity (tripalmitin) showed an early and sustained reduction in de novo lipogenesis at 4-weeks (-2.4ug/ml with denifanstat vs. -0.4ug/mL placebo, p=0.001) and 13-weeks (-2.2ug/mL with denifanstat vs. -0.1ug/mL placebo, p=0.005) in the ITT population.
We are also evaluating the promise of FASN inhibition, beyond MASH, in additional disease areas in which dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism also plays a key role, including in acne and certain forms of cancer. Denifanstat is currently being tested in China by our license partner, Ascletis BioScience Co. Ltd. (Ascletis), a subsidiary of Ascletis Pharma Inc. (Ascletis Pharma), in a Phase 3 clinical trial for moderate to severe acne vulgaris, and a Phase 3 clinical trial in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in combination with bevacizumab. We expect these results to inform our development strategy in these indications. We have completed Investigational New Drug (IND)-enabling studies for a second clinical candidate FASN inhibitor, TVB-3567.
Corporate Information
We were incorporated in Delaware in December 2006 under the name 3-V Biosciences, Inc., and changed our name to Sagimet Biosciences Inc. in August 2019. Our principal executive offices are located at 155 Bovet Road, Suite 303, San Mateo, California 94402, and our telephone number is (650) 561-8600.
Our website address is www.sagimet.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus and the inclusion of our website address in this prospectus is only an inactive textual reference.
Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company and Smaller Reporting Company
We qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the JOBS Act). An emerging growth company may take advantage of reduced reporting requirements that are otherwise applicable to public companies. These provisions include, but are not limited to:
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Being permitted to present only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this prospectus.
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Not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002, as amended (the Sarbanes-Oxley Act).
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Reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports, proxy statements and registration statements.
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Exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
We may take advantage of these provisions until December 31, 2028, which is the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of our initial public offering (IPO). However, if certain events occur prior to the end of such five-year period, including if we become a “large accelerated filer,” which occurs when the market value of our Series A common stock and Series B common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million, our annual gross revenues exceed $1.235 billion or we issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt in any three-year period, we will cease to be an emerging growth company
prior to the end of such five-year period. We have elected to take advantage of these reduced disclosure obligations in the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and may elect to take advantage of other reduced reporting requirements in future filings. As a result of these elections, the information that we provide to our stockholders may be different than you might receive from other public reporting companies.
In addition, the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This provision allows an emerging growth company to delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to avail ourselves of this exemption and as a result, we will not be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that comply with the public company effective dates.
We are also a “smaller reporting company” as defined in the Exchange Act. We may continue to be a smaller reporting company even after we are no longer an emerging growth company. We may take advantage of certain of the scaled disclosures available to smaller reporting companies and will be able to take advantage of these scaled disclosures for so long as our voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250.0 million measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter, or our annual revenue is less than $100.0 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and our voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700.0 million measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter.
THE OFFERING
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Series A common stock offered by us
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Shares of our Series A common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $75,000,000.
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Series A common stock to be outstanding after this offering
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Up to 60,757,769 shares, assuming sales of 30,364,372 shares of our Series A common stock in this offering at an offering price of $2.47 per share, which was the last reported sale price of our Series A common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market on August 14, 2024. The actual number of shares issued will vary depending on the sales price under this offering.
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Series B common stock to be outstanding after this offering
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1,520,490 shares.
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Total Series A and Series B common stock to be outstanding after this offering
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62,278,259 shares.
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Plan of Distribution
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“At-the-market offering” that may be made from time to time through our sales agent, Cantor. See “Plan of Distribution” on page 20 of this prospectus.
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Use of Proceeds
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We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering to advance the development of our drug candidates in various indications, including but not limited to, MASH and acne, and for working capital and general corporate purposes, including research and development expenses. See “Use of Proceeds” on page 14 of this prospectus.
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Risk Factors
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Investing in our Series A common stock involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 9 of this prospectus and other information included in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus for a discussion of factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in our securities.
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Nasdaq Global Market symbol
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“SGMT”
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The number of shares of our Series A common stock and Series B common stock to be outstanding after this offering is based on 30,393,397 shares of Series A common stock and 1,520,490 shares of Series B common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2024 and excludes:
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4,464,067 shares of Series A common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options as of June 30, 2024, with a weighted-average exercise price of $6.92 per share;
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1,957,700 shares of Series A common stock reserved for future issuance as of June 30, 2024 under our 2023 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the 2023 Plan), as well as any future automatic annual increases in the number of shares of Series A common stock reserved for issuance under the 2023 Plan and any shares underlying outstanding stock awards granted under (i) our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2007 Plan) or (ii) our 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2017 Plan), that expire or are repurchased, forfeited, cancelled or withheld;
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429,251 shares of Series A common stock reserved for issuance as of June 30, 2024 under our 2023 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP), and any future automatic annual increases in the number of shares of Series A common stock reserved for future issuance under the ESPP;
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1,125,840 shares of our Series A common stock issuable upon the vesting and settlement of restricted stock units outstanding as of June 30, 2024; and
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1,000 shares of Series A common stock issuable upon exercise of an outstanding warrant to purchase 1,000 shares of Series A common stock as of June 30, 2024, with an exercise price of $69.94 per share.
Unless otherwise indicated, all information in this prospectus assumes no exercise of the outstanding options or the warrant described above.
RISK FACTORS
An investment in our Series A common stock involves a high degree of risk. Before deciding whether to invest in our Series A common stock, you should carefully consider the risks described below and those discussed under the Section captioned “Risk Factors” contained in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K and in our most recent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, as well as any amendments thereto, which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus in their entirety, together with other information in this prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference herein, and any free writing prospectus that we may authorize for use in connection with a specific offering. If any of these risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow could be harmed. This could cause the trading price of our Series A common stock to decline, resulting in a loss of all or part of your investment.
Risks Related to This Offering
Management will have broad discretion over the use of the proceeds from this offering, and may not use the proceeds effectively.
Management will have broad discretion as to the application of the net proceeds from this offering and could use them for purposes other than those contemplated at the time of the offering. Our management may use the net proceeds for corporate purposes that may not ultimately improve our financial condition or market value. Pending use, we may invest any net proceeds from this offering in a manner that does not produce income or loses value. Please see the section entitled “Use of Proceeds” on page 14 of this prospectus for further information.
You may experience immediate and substantial dilution in the net tangible book value per share of the Series A common stock you purchase.
The shares sold in this offering will be sold from time to time at various prices. The price per share of our Series A common stock being offered may, at the time of sale, be higher than the net tangible book value per share of our Series A common stock outstanding prior to this offering. After giving effect to the assumed sale of shares of our Series A common stock in the aggregate amount of $75,000,000 at an assumed public offering price of $2.47 per share, the last reported sale price of our Series A common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market on August 14, 2024, our as adjusted net tangible book value as of June 30, 2024 would have been $255.9 million, or $4.11 per share. This would represent an immediate decrease in net tangible book value of $1.63 per share to our existing stockholders and an immediate increase in as adjusted net tangible book value of $1.64 per share to purchasers of our Series A common stock in this offering. Please see the section entitled “Dilution” on page 15 of this prospectus. Notwithstanding this illustration, because the price per share of our Series A common stock being offered may, at the time of sale, be higher than the net tangible book value per share of our Series A common stock outstanding prior to this offering, there is still a risk that you may experience immediate and substantial dilution.
Issuances of shares of Series A common stock, including upon the settlement of restricted stock units, or securities convertible into or exercisable for shares of Series A common stock following this offering, as well as the exercise of options, will dilute your ownership interests and may adversely affect the future market price of our Series A common stock.
We will need additional capital to fund the development of our product candidates. We may seek additional capital through a combination of private and public equity offerings, debt financings, strategic partnerships and alliances and licensing arrangements, which may cause your ownership interest to be diluted. In addition, as of June 30, 2024, there were options to purchase 4,464,067 shares of our Series A common stock outstanding at a weighted average exercise price of $6.92 and 1,125,840 shares of our Series A common stock issuable upon the vesting and settlement of restricted stock units outstanding. If these securities are exercised or settled, you may incur dilution. Moreover, to the extent that we issue additional restricted stock units or options to purchase, or securities convertible into or exchangeable for, shares of our Series A common stock in the future and those restricted stock units, options or other securities are settled, exercised, converted or exchanged, stockholders may experience dilution.
A substantial number of shares may be sold in the market following this offering, which may depress the market price for our Series A common stock.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our Series A common stock in the public market following this offering could cause the market price of our Series A common stock to decline. A substantial majority of the outstanding shares of our Series A common stock are, and all of the shares sold in this offering upon issuance will be, freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act, unless these shares are owned or purchased by “affiliates” as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. In addition, we have also registered shares of Series A common stock that we may issue under our equity incentive plans. As a result, these shares can be freely sold in the public market upon issuance, subject to restrictions under securities laws.
It is not possible to predict the actual number of shares we will sell under the Sales Agreement, or the gross proceeds resulting from those sales.
Subject to certain limitations in the Sales Agreement and compliance with applicable laws, we have the discretion to deliver a placement notice to Cantor at any time throughout the term of the Sales Agreement. The number of shares that are sold through Cantor after delivering a placement notice will fluctuate based on a number of factors, including the market price of our Series A common stock during the term of the Sales Agreement, the limits we set with Cantor in any applicable placement notice, and the demand for our Series A common stock during the term of the Sales Agreement. Because the price per share of each share sold will fluctuate during the term of the Sales Agreement, it is not currently possible to predict the number of shares that will be sold or the gross proceeds to be raised in connection with the sales of shares of Series A common stock offered under this prospectus.
The market price and trading volume of our stock may be volatile.
Our stock price has been and is likely to continue to be volatile. As a result of this volatility, investors in this offering may not be able to sell their Series A common stock at or above the public offering price. The market price for our Series A common stock may be influenced by various factors, many of which are beyond our control. Some of the factors that may cause the market price of our Series A common stock to fluctuate include:
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our ability to advance denifanstat or potential future drug candidates;
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results of preclinical studies and clinical trials of denifanstat or potential future drug candidates, or those of our competitors or potential collaborative partners;
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regulatory or legal developments in the United States and other countries, especially changes in laws or regulations applicable to our drug candidates;
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the success of competitive products;
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introductions and announcements of new products by us, our future commercialization partners, or our competitors, and the timing of these introductions or announcements;
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actions taken by regulatory authorities with respect to our drug candidates, potential products, clinical trials, manufacturing process or sales and marketing terms;
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actual or anticipated variations in our financial results or those of companies that are perceived to be similar to us;
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the success of our efforts to acquire or in-license additional technologies, products or drug candidates;
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developments concerning any future collaborations, including, but not limited to, those with our sources of manufacturing supply and our commercialization partners;
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market conditions in the biopharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors;
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manufacturing, supply or distribution delays or shortages;
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announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, financing efforts or capital commitments;
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developments or disputes concerning patents or other proprietary rights, including patents, litigation matters and our ability to obtain patent protection for our products;
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our ability or inability to raise additional capital and the terms on which we raise it;
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the recruitment or departure of key personnel;
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changes in the structure of healthcare payment systems;
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actual or anticipated changes in earnings estimates or changes in securities analyst recommendations regarding our Series A common stock, other comparable companies or our industry generally;
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our failure or the failure of our competitors to meet analysts’ projections or guidance that we or our competitors may give to the market;
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fluctuations in the valuation of companies perceived by investors to be comparable to us;
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speculation in the press or investment community;
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trading volume of our Series A common stock;
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sales of our Series A common stock by us or our stockholders;
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the concentrated ownership of our common stock;
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changes in accounting principles;
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macroeconomic conditions, including volatility in the credit and financial markets, inflationary pressures;
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terrorist acts, acts of war or periods of widespread civil unrest;
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natural disasters, including earthquakes, and other calamities; and
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general economic, industry and market conditions.
In addition, the stock markets in general, and the markets for pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology stocks in particular, have experienced extreme volatility that has been often unrelated to the operating performance of the issuer. These broad market and industry factors may seriously harm the market price of our Series A common stock, regardless of our operating performance.
In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, stockholders have often instituted class action securities litigation against those companies. Such litigation, if instituted, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could significantly impact our profitability and reputation.
The common stock offered hereby will be sold in “at-the-market offerings,” and investors who buy shares at different times will likely pay different prices.
Investors who purchase shares in this offering at different times will likely pay different prices, and accordingly may experience different levels of dilution and different outcomes in their investment results. We will have discretion, subject to market demand, to vary the timing, prices, and number of shares sold in this offering. In addition, subject to any restrictions we may place in any applicable placement notice delivered to Cantor, there is no minimum or maximum sales price for shares to be sold in this offering. Investors may experience a decline in the value of the shares they purchase in this offering as a result of sales made at prices lower than the prices they paid.
We do not currently intend to pay dividends on our Series A common stock, and, consequently, investors’ ability to achieve a return on their investment will depend on appreciation in the price of our Series A common stock.
We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain all of our future earnings, if any, to finance the growth and development of our business. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of our Series A common stock will be our stockholders’ sole source of gain for the foreseeable future. There is no guarantee that our Series A common stock will appreciate or even maintain the price at which investors have purchased it.
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act about us. These forward-looking statements are intended to be covered by the safe harbor for forward-looking statements provided by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are not statements of historical fact, and can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” “could,” “should,” “projects,” “plans,” “goal,” “targets,” “potential,” “estimates,” “pro forma,” “seeks,” “intends” or “anticipates” or the negative thereof or comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning:
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our financial performance;
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our ability to obtain additional cash and the sufficiency of our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities to fund our future operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements;
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the accuracy of our estimates regarding expenses, future revenue, capital requirements, and needs for additional financing;
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the scope, progress, results and costs of developing denifanstat or any other drug candidates we may develop, and conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials;
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our ability to advance drug candidates into and successfully complete clinical trials within anticipated timelines, including our Phase 3 clinical trials of denifanstat;
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the timing and costs involved in obtaining and maintaining regulatory approval of denifanstat or any other drug candidates we may develop, and the timing or likelihood of regulatory filings and approvals, including our expectation to seek special designations or accelerated approvals for our drug candidates for various indications;
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current and future agreements with third parties in connection with the development and commercialization of denifanstat or any other future drug candidate;
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our estimated number of patients in the United States who suffer from the diseases we target, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), formerly known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and the number of subjects that will enroll in our clinical trials;
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our relationship with Ascletis BioScience Co. Ltd. (Ascletis), and its affiliate Gannex Pharma Co., Ltd. (Gannex), and the success of their development efforts for denifanstat;
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the ability of our clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of denifanstat and any other drug candidates we may develop, and other positive results;
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our plans relating to commercializing denifanstat and any other drug candidates we may develop, if approved, including the geographic areas of focus and our ability to grow a sales team;
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the success of competing therapies that are or may become available;
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developments relating to our competitors and our industry, including competing drug candidates and therapies;
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our plans relating to the further development and manufacturing of denifanstat and any other drug candidates we may develop, including additional indications that we may pursue for denifanstat or other drug candidates;
•
existing regulations and regulatory developments in the United States and other jurisdictions;
•
our potential and ability to successfully manufacture and supply denifanstat and any other drug candidates we may develop for clinical trials and for commercial use, if approved;
•
the rate and degree of market acceptance of denifanstat and any other drug candidates we may develop, as well as the pricing and reimbursement of denifanstat and any other drug candidates we may develop, if approved;
•
our expectations regarding our ability to obtain, maintain, protect and enforce intellectual property protection for denifanstat and for any other future drug candidate;
•
our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of any strategic transactions;
•
our ability to attract and retain the continued service of our key personnel and to identify, hire, and then retain additional qualified personnel and our ability to attract additional collaborators with development, regulatory and commercialization expertise;
•
the impact of macroeconomic conditions and geopolitical turmoil on our business and operations;
•
our expectations regarding the period during which we will qualify as an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act;
•
our anticipated use of our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities; and
•
our expected use of proceeds from this offering.
You should read this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we currently expect. Our business and operations are and will be subject to a variety of risks, uncertainties and other factors. Consequently, actual results and experience may materially differ from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Such risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results and experience to differ from those projected include, but are not limited to, the risk factors discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” contained in this prospectus and any related free writing prospectus, and under similar headings in the other documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus or related free writing prospectus and any document incorporated herein by reference is accurate as of its date only. Because the risk factors referred to above could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf, you should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. Further, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict which factors will arise. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Unless required by law, we undertake no obligation to release publicly any revisions to such forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this prospectus or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
USE OF PROCEEDS
We may issue and sell shares of our Series A common stock having aggregate sales proceeds of up to $75,000,000 from time to time. Because there is no minimum offering amount required in this offering, the actual total public offering amount, commissions and proceeds to us, if any, are not determinable at this time. There can be no assurance that we will sell any shares under or fully utilize the Sales Agreement with Cantor as a source of financing.
We intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the Series A common stock offered by us hereunder, if any, to advance the development of our drug candidates in various indications, including but not limited to, MASH and acne, and for working capital and general corporate purposes, including research and development expenses. The expected use of the net proceeds from this offering represents our intentions based upon our current plans and business conditions, which could change in the future as our plans and business conditions evolve. We do not currently have specific plans or commitments with respect to the net proceeds from this offering and, accordingly, we are unable to quantify the allocations of such proceeds among the various potential uses. We will have broad discretion in the way we use the net proceeds of this offering. Pending application of the net proceeds as described above, we intend to temporarily invest the proceeds in a variety of capital preservation investments, including short-term, interest-bearing investment grade instruments, certificates of deposit or direct or guaranteed obligations of the U.S. government or U.S. government agencies.
DILUTION
If you invest in our Series A common stock in this offering, your ownership interest may be diluted immediately to the extent of the difference between the public offering price per share of our Series A common stock and the as adjusted net tangible book value per share of our Series A common stock after this offering. As of June 30, 2024, our net tangible book value was $183.1 million, or $5.74 per share. Net tangible book value per share represents our total tangible assets less our total liabilities, divided by the number of shares outstanding.
After giving effect to the assumed sale of shares of our Series A common stock in the aggregate amount of $75,000,000 in this offering at an assumed offering price of $2.47 per share, the last reported sale price of our Series A common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market on August 14, 2024, and after deducting commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, our as adjusted net tangible book value as of June 30, 2024 would have been $255.9 million, or $4.11 per share. This amount would represent an immediate decrease in net tangible book value of $1.63 per share to existing stockholders and an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $1.64 per share to new investors purchasing Series A common stock in this offering. We determine increase by subtracting the assumed as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering from the assumed price per share paid by an investor in this offering.
The following table illustrates this calculation on a per share basis:
| |
Assumed public offering price per share
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
2.47 |
|
|
| |
Net tangible book value per share as of June 30, 2024
|
|
|
|
$ |
5.74 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Decrease in net tangible book value per share attributable to new investors purchasing shares in this offering
|
|
|
|
$ |
1.63 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
As adjusted net tangible book value per share as of June 30, 2024 after giving effect to this
offering
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
4.11 |
|
|
| |
Increase per share to new investors in this offering
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
1.64 |
|
|
The table above assumes, for illustrative purposes, that an aggregate of 30,364,372 shares of our Series A common stock are sold at a price of $2.47 per share, the last reported sale price of our Series A common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market on August 14, 2024, for aggregate gross proceeds of $75,000,000. The shares sold in this offering, if any, will be sold from time to time at various prices. Therefore, while this illustration reflects accretion to investors purchasing shares in this offering, depending on the price at which shares are sold in this offering, investors purchasing shares in this offering may experience dilution. An increase of $1.00 per share in the price at which the shares are sold from the assumed offering price of $2.47 per share shown in the table above, assuming all of our Series A common stock in the aggregate amount of $75,000,000 is sold at that price, would increase our as adjusted net tangible book value per share after the offering to $4.78 per share and would result in a decrease in the increase in net tangible book value per share to new investors in this offering of $0.33 per share to $1.31 per share, after deducting commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. A decrease of $1.00 per share in the price at which the shares are sold from the assumed offering price of $2.47 per share shown in the table above, assuming all of our Series A common stock in the aggregate amount of $75,000,000 is sold at that price, would decrease our as adjusted net tangible book value per share after the offering to $3.09 per share and would result in a decrease in the increase in net tangible book value per share to new investors in this offering of $0.02 per share to $1.62 per share, after deducting commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
The foregoing table and calculations are based on 30,393,397 shares of Series A common stock and 1,520,490 shares of Series B common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2024 and excludes:
•
4,464,067 shares of Series A common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options as of June 30, 2024, with a weighted-average exercise price of $6.92 per share;
•
1,957,700 shares of Series A common stock reserved for future issuance as of June 30, 2024 under the 2023 Plan, as well as any future automatic annual increases in the number of shares of Series A common stock reserved for issuance under the 2023 Plan and any shares underlying outstanding stock
awards granted under (i) the 2007 Plan or (ii) the 2017 Plan, that expire or are repurchased, forfeited, cancelled or withheld;
•
429,251 shares of Series A common stock reserved for issuance as of June 30, 2024 under the ESPP, and any future automatic annual increases in the number of shares of Series A common stock reserved for future issuance under the ESPP;
•
1,125,840 shares of our Series A common stock issuable upon the vesting and settlement of restricted stock units outstanding as of June 30, 2024; and
•
1,000 shares of Series A common stock issuable upon exercise of an outstanding warrant to purchase 1,000 shares of Series A common stock as of June 30, 2024, with an exercise price of $69.94 per share.
To the extent any outstanding options or warrants are exercised, new options or other equity awards are issued under our equity incentive plans, or we issue additional equity or convertible debt securities in the future, there may be dilution to new investors.
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
The following description of our capital stock is not complete and may not contain all the information you should consider before investing in our capital stock. This description is summarized from, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, our Eleventh Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (our certificate of incorporation) and our second amended and restated bylaws (our bylaws), each of which has been publicly filed with the SEC. See “Where You Can Find More Information.” For a complete description, you should refer to our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws, copies of which are incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
General
Authorized Capital Stock. Our authorized capital stock consists of (i) 500,000,000 shares of Series A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, (ii) 15,000,000 shares of Series B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share and (iii) 10,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share. As of August 14, 2024, there were 30,674,855 shares of Series A common stock outstanding, 1,520,490 shares of Series B common stock outstanding and no shares of preferred stock outstanding.
Series A Common Stock and Series B Common Stock
Voting Rights. The holders of our Series A common stock are entitled to one vote per share of Series A common stock on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders. Holders of our Series B common stock are not entitled to any votes per share of Series B common stock, including for the election of directors. Our Series A common stock and Series B common stock do not have cumulative voting rights.
Dividends. Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive ratably any dividends declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available for that purpose, subject to any preferential dividend rights of any outstanding preferred stock.
Liquidation and Dissolution. In the event of our liquidation or dissolution, the holders of our common stock are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after the payment of all debts and other liabilities and subject to the prior rights of any of our outstanding preferred stock.
Other Rights. Holders of our common stock have no preemptive, subscription, redemption or conversion rights or sinking fund provisions, except that holders of our Series B common stock have the right to convert each share of our Series B common stock into one share of Series A common stock at such holder’s election, provided that as a result of such conversion, such holder would not beneficially own in excess of 4.99% of any series of our securities registered under the Exchange Act, except as expressly provided for in our certificate of incorporation. However, this ownership limitation may be increased or decreased to any other percentage designated by such holder of Series B common stock upon 61 days’ notice to us. The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of common stock are subject to and may be adversely affected by the rights of the holders of shares of any series of our preferred stock that we may designate and issue in the future.
Exchange Listing. Our Series A common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “SGMT.”
Transfer Agent and Registrar. The transfer agent and registrar for our Series A common stock and Series B common stock is Equiniti Trust Company, LLC. The transfer agent’s address is 6201 15th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219.
Preferred Stock
Under our certificate of incorporation, our board of directors has the authority, without further action by the stockholders, to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series, to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each such series, to fix the rights, preferences and privileges of the shares of each wholly unissued series and any qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereon and to increase or decrease the number of shares of any such series, but not below the number of shares of such series then outstanding.
The issuance of preferred stock with voting or conversion rights could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of the Series A common stock or the Series B common stock. The issuance of preferred stock, while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could, among other things, have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in our control that may otherwise benefit holders of our Series A common stock and Series B common stock and may adversely affect the market price of the Series A common stock and the voting and other rights of the holders of Series A common stock and Series B common stock. We have no current plans to issue any shares of preferred stock.
Anti-Takeover Provisions
The provisions of Delaware law, our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws, which are summarized below, may have the effect of delaying, deferring or discouraging another person from acquiring control of our company. They are also designed, in part, to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to negotiate first with our board of directors. We believe that the benefits of increased protection of our potential ability to negotiate with an unfriendly or unsolicited acquirer outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging a proposal to acquire us because negotiation of these proposals could result in an improvement of their terms.
Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. We are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (DGCL) which prohibits persons deemed “interested stockholders” from engaging in a “business combination” with a publicly-held Delaware corporation for three years following the date these persons become interested stockholders unless the business combination is, or the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder was, approved in a prescribed manner or another prescribed exception applies. Generally, an “interested stockholder” is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns, or within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status did own, 15% or more of a corporation’s voting stock. Generally, a “business combination” includes a merger, asset, or stock sale, or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. The existence of this provision may have an anti-takeover effect with respect to transactions not approved in advance by the board of directors, such as discouraging takeover attempts that might result in a premium over the market price of our Series A common stock.
Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws
Classified Board; Election and Removal of Directors. Our certificate of incorporation provides that our board of directors is divided into three classes, with each class serving staggered three-year terms. Our board of directors has the exclusive right to expand the size of our board of directors and to elect directors to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of the board of directors or the resignation, death, or removal of a director.
Stockholder Action; Special Meeting of Stockholders. Our certificate of incorporation provides that all stockholder actions are required to be taken by a vote of the stockholders at an annual or special meeting, and that stockholders may not take any action by written consent in lieu of a meeting. A special meeting of stockholders may be called by a majority of our board of directors. Our bylaws have established an advance notice procedure for stockholder proposals to be brought before an annual meeting of our stockholders, including proposed nominations of persons for election to our board of directors.
Undesignated Preferred Stock. As discussed above, our board of directors has the ability to issue preferred stock with voting or other rights or preferences that could impede the success of any attempt to change control of our company.
Choice of Forum. Our bylaws provide that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the sole and exclusive forum for the following claims or causes of action under the Delaware statutory or common law: (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of, or a claim based on, a breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our current or former directors, officers or other employees or stockholders to us or our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or our certificate of incorporation or bylaws (including the interpretation,
validity or enforceability thereof) or as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine.
However, Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all claims brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. Consequently, this choice of forum provision does not apply to claims or causes of action brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction or the Securities Act. Moreover, Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all claims brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. In addition, our bylaws provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause or causes of action arising under the Securities Act, including all causes of action asserted against any defendant to such complaint. For the avoidance of doubt, this provision is intended to benefit and may be enforced by us, our officers and directors, the underwriters to any offering giving rise to such complaint, and any other professional entity whose profession gives authority to a statement made by that person or entity and who has prepared or certified any part of the documents underlying the offering.
While the Delaware courts have determined that such choice of forum provisions are facially valid, a stockholder may nevertheless seek to bring a claim in a venue other than those designated in the exclusive forum provisions, and there can be no assurance that such provisions will be enforced by a court in those other jurisdictions. We note that investors cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. Additionally, our bylaws provide that any person or entity holding, owning or otherwise acquiring any interest in any of our securities shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to these provisions.
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We have entered into the Sales Agreement with Cantor. Pursuant to this prospectus, we may offer and sell shares of our Series A common stock having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $75,000,000 from time to time through Cantor acting as sales agent. A copy of the Sales Agreement has been filed as an exhibit to our registration statement on Form S-3 of which this prospectus forms a part.
Upon delivery of a placement notice and subject to the terms and conditions of the Sales Agreement, Cantor may sell shares of our common stock by any method permitted by law deemed to be an “at the market offering,” as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) promulgated under the Securities Act. We may instruct Cantor not to sell Series A common stock if the sales cannot be effected at or above the price designated by us from time to time. We or Cantor may suspend the offering of Series A common stock upon notice and subject to other conditions.
We will pay Cantor commissions, in cash, for its services in acting as agent in the sale of our Series A common stock. Cantor will be entitled to compensation at a commission rate of up to 3.0% of the sales price per share sold under the Sales Agreement. Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to close this offering, the actual total public offering amount, commissions and proceeds to us, if any, are not determinable at this time. We have also agreed to reimburse Cantor for certain specified expenses, including the fees and disbursements of their legal counsel in an amount not to exceed $75,000 and certain ongoing expenses. We estimate that the total expenses for the offering, excluding compensation and reimbursements payable to Cantor under the terms of the Sales Agreement, will be approximately $275,000.
Settlement for sales of shares of our Series A common stock will occur on the first business day following the date on which any sales are made, or on some other date that is agreed upon by us and Cantor in connection with a particular transaction, in return for payment of the net proceeds to us. Sales of our Series A common stock as contemplated in this prospectus will be settled through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company or by such other means as we and Cantor may agree upon. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in an escrow, trust or similar arrangement.
Cantor will use its commercially reasonable efforts, consistent with its sales and trading practices, to solicit offers to purchase the Series A common stock under the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Sales Agreement. In connection with the sale of the Series A common stock on our behalf, Cantor will be deemed to be an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act and the compensation of Cantor will be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. We have agreed to provide indemnification and contribution to Cantor against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
The offering of shares of our Series A common stock pursuant to the Sales Agreement will terminate upon the termination of the Sales Agreement as permitted therein. We and Cantor may each terminate the Sales Agreement at any time upon ten days’ prior notice.
Cantor and its affiliates may in the future provide various investment banking, commercial banking and other financial services for us and our affiliates, for which services they may in the future receive customary fees. To the extent required by Regulation M, Cantor will not engage in any market making activities involving our common stock while the offering is ongoing under this prospectus.
This prospectus may be made available in electronic format on a website maintained by Cantor and Cantor may distribute this prospectus electronically.
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the shares of our Series A common stock being offered in this prospectus will be passed upon for us by Goodwin Procter LLP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. is being represented in connection with this offering by Cooley LLP, New York, New York.
EXPERTS
The financial statements of Sagimet Biosciences Inc. as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2023, incorporated by reference in this Prospectus by reference to Sagimet Biosciences Inc.’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report. Such financial statements are incorporated by reference in reliance upon the report of such firm given their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
Up to $75,000,000
Series A Common Stock
PROSPECTUS
, 2024
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The following is an estimate of the expenses (all of which are to be paid by the registrant) that we may incur in connection with the securities being registered hereby, other than the SEC registration fee and FINRA filing fee.
| |
SEC registration fee
|
|
|
|
$ |
44,280 |
|
|
| |
FINRA filing fee
|
|
|
|
$ |
45,500 |
|
|
| |
Fees and expenses of the trustee
|
|
|
|
$ |
(1)
|
|
|
| |
Printing expenses
|
|
|
|
$ |
(1)
|
|
|
| |
Legal fees and expenses
|
|
|
|
$ |
(1)
|
|
|
| |
Accounting fees and expenses
|
|
|
|
$ |
(1)
|
|
|
| |
Transfer agent fees and expenses
|
|
|
|
$ |
(1)
|
|
|
| |
Miscellaneous
|
|
|
|
$ |
(1)
|
|
|
| |
Total
|
|
|
|
$ |
(1)
|
|
|
(1)
These fees are calculated based on the securities offered and the number of issuances and accordingly cannot be estimated at this time.
Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
Section 145 of the DGCL, authorizes a court to award, or a corporation’s board of directors to grant, indemnity to directors and officers in terms sufficiently broad to permit such indemnification under certain circumstances for liabilities, including reimbursement for expenses incurred, arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act). Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation permits indemnification of our directors, officers, employees and other agents to the maximum extent permitted by the DGCL, and our amended and restated bylaws provide that we will indemnify our directors and officers and permit us to indemnify our employees and other agents, in each case to the maximum extent permitted by the DGCL.
We have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and officers, whereby we have agreed to indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by law, including indemnification against expenses and liabilities incurred in legal proceedings to which the director or officer was, or is threatened to be made, a party by reason of the fact that such director or officer is or was a director, officer, employee, or agent of Sagimet Biosciences Inc., provided that such director or officer acted in good faith and in a manner that the director or officer reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interest of Sagimet Biosciences Inc.
At present, there is no pending litigation or proceeding involving a director or officer of Sagimet Biosciences Inc. regarding which indemnification is sought, nor is the registrant aware of any threatened litigation that may result in claims for indemnification.
We maintain insurance policies that indemnify our directors and officers against various liabilities arising under the Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that might be incurred by any director or officer in his capacity as such.
Item 16. Exhibits.
(a) Exhibits
| |
Exhibit
Number
|
|
|
Description of Exhibit
|
|
| |
1.1*
|
|
|
Form of Underwriting Agreement.
|
|
| |
1.2
|
|
|
Controlled Equity OfferingSM Sales Agreement, dated as of August 15, 2024, by and between Sagimet Biosciences Inc. and Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (filed herewith). |
|
| |
3.1
|
|
|
Eleventh Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 18, 2023 (File No. 001-41742)).
|
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| |
3.2
|
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|
|
|
| |
4.1
|
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|
Amended and Restated Investors’ Rights Agreement, by and among Sagimet Biosciences Inc. and certain of its stockholders, dated December 21, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on June 23, 2023 (File No. 333-272901)).
|
|
| |
4.2
|
|
|
Form of Series A Common Stock Certificate (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on June 23, 2023 (File No. 333-272901)).
|
|
| |
4.3
|
|
|
Form of Series B Common Stock Certificate (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on June 23, 2023 (File No. 333-272901)).
|
|
| |
4.4
|
|
|
Amended and Restated Warrant to Purchase Stock, by and between the Registrant and Banc of California, Inc., dated January 4, 2024 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on January 23, 2024 (File No. 333- 276664)).
|
|
| |
4.5*
|
|
|
Form of Preferred Stock Certificate.
|
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| |
4.6
|
|
|
|
|
| |
4.7*
|
|
|
Form of Note.
|
|
| |
4.8*
|
|
|
Form of Warrant.
|
|
| |
4.9*
|
|
|
Form of Warrant Agreement.
|
|
| |
4.10*
|
|
|
Form of Unit Agreement.
|
|
| |
4.11*
|
|
|
Form of Subscription Rights Agreement.
|
|
| |
5.1
|
|
|
|
|
| |
5.2
|
|
|
|
|
| |
23.1
|
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| |
23.2
|
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| |
23.3
|
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| |
24.1
|
|
|
Powers of Attorney (incorporated by reference to the signature page hereto).
|
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| |
25.1‡
|
|
|
Statement of Eligibility on Form T-1 under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, of the trustee, as trustee under the indenture filed herewith.
|
|
| |
107
|
|
|
|
|
*
To be filed by amendment or incorporated by reference in connection with the offering of the securities.
‡
To be filed in accordance with the requirements of Item 601(b)(25) of Regulation S-K.
Item 17. Undertakings.
(a) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;
(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and
(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;
provided, however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) of this section do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.
(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
(5) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:
(i) Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
(ii) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any
statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.
(6) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;
(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;
(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and
(iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.
(b) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(h) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
(j) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of Section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act (the Act) in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the SEC under section 305(b)(2) of the Act.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in San Mateo, State of California on August 15, 2024.
SAGIMET BIOSCIENCES INC.
By:
/s/ David Happel
Name: David Happel
Title: President and Chief Executive Officer
POWER OF ATTORNEY
We, the undersigned officers and directors of Sagimet Biosciences Inc., hereby severally constitute and appoint David Happel and Thierry Chauche, our true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution in her or him for her or him and in her or his name, place and stead, and in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this registration statement, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite or necessary to be done in and about the premises, as full to all intents and purposes as she or he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or her or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated.
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Signature
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Title
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Date
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/s/ David Happel
David Happel
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President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
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August 15, 2024
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/s/ Thierry Chauche
Thierry Chauche
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Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
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August 15, 2024
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/s/ George Kemble, Ph.D.
George Kemble, Ph.D.
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Executive Chairman of the Board
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August 15, 2024
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/s/ Elizabeth Grammer, Esq.
Elizabeth Grammer, Esq.
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Director
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August 15, 2024
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/s/ Merdad Parsey, M.D., Ph.D.
Merdad Parsey, M.D., Ph.D.
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Director
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August 15, 2024
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/s/ Beth Seidenberg, M.D.
Beth Seidenberg, M.D.
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Director
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August 15, 2024
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/s/ Jennifer Jarrett
Jennifer Jarrett
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Director
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August 15, 2024
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/s/ Anne Phillips, M.D.
Anne Phillips, M.D.
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Director
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August 15, 2024
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Signature
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Title
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Date
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/s/ Paul Hoelscher
Paul Hoelscher
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Director
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August 15, 2024
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/s/ Timothy P. Walbert
Timothy P. Walbert
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Director
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August 15, 2024
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Exhibit 1.2
Sagimet
Biosciences Inc.
Shares of Series A Common Stock
(par value $0.0001 per share)
Controlled Equity OfferingSM
Sales Agreement
August 15, 2024
Cantor Fitzgerald & Co.
110 E 59th Street
New York, NY 10022
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Sagimet Biosciences Inc.,
a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), confirms its agreement (this “Agreement”)
with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (the “Agent”), as follows:
| 1. | Issuance and Sale of Shares. The Company agrees that, from time to time during the term of this
Agreement, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, it may issue and sell to or through the Agent, as sales agent
or principal, shares of Series A common stock (the “Placement Shares”) of the Company, par value $0.0001 per
share (the “Common Stock”); provided, however, that in no event shall the Company issue or sell
through the Agent such number or dollar amount of Placement Shares that would (a) exceed the number or dollar amount of shares of Common
Stock registered on the effective Registration Statement (defined below) pursuant to which the offering is being made, (b) exceed the
number of authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock (less shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise, conversion or exchange of
any outstanding securities of the Company or otherwise reserved from the Company’s authorized capital stock), (c) exceed the number
or dollar amount of shares of Common Stock permitted to be sold under Form S-3 (including General Instruction I.B.6 thereof, if applicable)
or (d) exceed the number or dollar amount of shares of Common Stock for which the Company has filed a Prospectus Supplement (defined below)
(the lesser of (a), (b), (c) and (d), the “Maximum Amount”). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained
herein, the parties hereto agree that compliance with the limitations set forth in this Section 1 on the amount of Placement Shares
issued and sold under this Agreement shall be the sole responsibility of the Company and that the Agent shall have no obligation in connection
with such compliance. The offer and sale of Placement Shares through the Agent will be effected pursuant to the Registration Statement
(as defined below) filed by the Company and which will be declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”),
although nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as requiring the Company to use the Registration Statement to issue Common Stock. |
The Company has filed or will
file, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and
the rules and regulations thereunder (the “Securities Act Regulations”), with the Commission a registration
statement on Form S-3, including a base prospectus, relating to certain securities, including the Placement Shares to be issued from time
to time by the Company, and which incorporates by reference documents that the Company has filed or will file in accordance with the provisions
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the rules and regulations thereunder.
The Company has prepared a prospectus or a prospectus supplement to the base prospectus included as part of the registration statement,
which prospectus or prospectus supplement relates to the Placement Shares to be issued from time to time by the Company (the “Prospectus
Supplement”). The Company will furnish to the Agent, for use by the Agent, copies of the prospectus included as part of
such registration statement, as supplemented by the Prospectus Supplement, relating to the Placement Shares to be issued from time to
time by the Company. Except where the context otherwise requires, such registration statement(s), including all documents filed as part
thereof or incorporated by reference therein, and including any information contained in a Prospectus (as defined below) subsequently
filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act Regulations or deemed to be a part of such registration
statement pursuant to Rule 430B of the Securities Act Regulations, and any one or more additional effective registration statements
on Form S-3 from time to time that will contain a base prospectus and related prospectus or prospectus supplement, if applicable (which
shall be a Prospectus Supplement), with respect to the Placement Shares, is herein called the “Registration Statement.”
The base prospectus or base prospectuses, including all documents incorporated therein by reference, included in the Registration Statement,
as it may be supplemented, if necessary, by the Prospectus Supplement, in the form in which such prospectus or prospectuses and/or Prospectus
Supplement have most recently been filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act Regulations,
together with the then issued Issuer Free Writing Prospectus(es) (as defined below), is herein called the “Prospectus.”
Any reference herein to the
Registration Statement, any Prospectus Supplement, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and
include the documents, if any, incorporated by reference therein (the “Incorporated Documents”), including,
unless the context otherwise requires, the documents, if any, filed as exhibits to such Incorporated Documents. Any reference herein to
the terms “amend,” “amendment” or “supplement” with respect to the Registration Statement, any Prospectus
Supplement, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the filing of any document under
the Exchange Act on or after the most-recent effective date of the Registration Statement, or the date of the Prospectus Supplement, Prospectus
or such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, as the case may be, and incorporated therein by reference. For purposes of this Agreement, all
references to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or to any amendment or supplement thereto shall be deemed to include the most
recent copy filed with the Commission pursuant to its Electronic Data Gathering Analysis and Retrieval system, or if applicable, the Interactive
Data Electronic Application system when used by the Commission (collectively, “EDGAR”).
| 2. | Placements. Each time that the Company wishes to issue and sell Placement Shares hereunder (each,
a “Placement”), it will notify the Agent by email notice (or other method mutually agreed to by the parties)
of the number of Placement Shares to be issued, the time period during which sales are requested to be made, any limitation on the number
of Placement Shares that may be sold in any one day and any minimum price below which sales may not be made (a “Placement
Notice”), the form of which is attached hereto as Schedule 1. The Placement Notice shall originate from any of the
individuals from the Company set forth on Schedule 3 (with a copy to each of the other individuals from the Company listed on such
schedule), and shall be addressed to each of the individuals from the Agent set forth on Schedule 3, as such Schedule 3
may be amended from time to time. The Placement Notice shall be effective unless and until (i) the Agent declines to accept the terms
contained therein for any reason, in its sole discretion, (ii) the entire amount of the Placement Shares thereunder have been sold,
(iii) the Company suspends or terminates the Placement Notice or (iv) this Agreement has been terminated under the provisions
of Section 12. The amount of any discount, commission or other compensation to be paid by the Company to the Agent in connection
with the sale of the Placement Shares shall be calculated in accordance with the terms set forth in Schedule 2. It is expressly
acknowledged and agreed that neither the Company nor the Agent will have any obligation whatsoever with respect to a Placement or any
Placement Shares unless and until the Company delivers a Placement Notice to the Agent and the Agent does not decline such Placement Notice
pursuant to the terms set forth above, and then only upon the terms specified therein and herein. In the event of a conflict between the
terms of this Agreement and the terms of a Placement Notice, the terms of the Placement Notice will control. |
| 3. | Sale of Placement Shares by the Agent. Subject to the provisions of Section 5(a), the Agent,
for the period specified in the Placement Notice, will use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and
sales practices and applicable state and federal laws, rules and regulations and the rules of the Nasdaq Global Market (the “Exchange”),
to sell the Placement Shares up to the amount specified in, and otherwise in accordance with the terms of, such Placement Notice. The
Agent will provide written confirmation to the Company no later than the opening of the Trading Day (as defined below) immediately following
the Trading Day on which it has made sales of Placement Shares hereunder setting forth the number of Placement Shares sold on such day,
the compensation payable by the Company to the Agent pursuant to Section 2 with respect to such sales, and the Net Proceeds (as
defined below) payable to the Company, with an itemization of the deductions made by the Agent (as set forth in Section 5(b)) from
the gross proceeds that it receives from such sales. Subject to the terms of the Placement Notice, the Agent may sell Placement Shares
by any method permitted by law deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) of the Securities
Act Regulations. “Trading Day” means any day on which Common Stock is traded on the Exchange. |
| 4. | Suspension of Sales. The Company or the Agent may, upon notice to the other party in writing (including
by email correspondence to each of the individuals of the other party set forth on Schedule 3, if receipt of such correspondence
is actually acknowledged by any of the individuals to whom the notice is sent, other than via auto-reply) or by telephone (confirmed immediately
by verifiable facsimile transmission or email correspondence to each of the individuals of the other party set forth on Schedule 3),
suspend any sale of Placement Shares (a “Suspension”); provided, however, that such Suspension
shall not affect or impair any party’s obligations with respect to any Placement Shares sold hereunder prior to the receipt of such
notice. While a Suspension is in effect any obligation under Sections 7(l), 7(m), and 7(n) with respect to the delivery
of certificates, opinions, or comfort letters to the Agent, shall be waived. Each of the parties agrees that no such notice under this
Section 4 shall be effective against any other party unless it is made to one of the individuals named on Schedule 3 hereto,
as such Schedule may be amended from time to time. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, during any period in which the
Company is in possession of material non-public information, the Company and the Agent agree that (i) no sale of Placement Shares will
take place, (ii) the Company shall not request the sale of any Placement Shares, and (iii) the Agent shall not be obligated to sell or
offer to sell any Placement Shares. |
| 5. | Sale and Delivery to the Agent; Settlement. |
| (a) | Sale of Placement Shares. On the basis of the representations and warranties herein contained
and subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, upon the Agent’s acceptance of the terms of a Placement Notice, and unless
the sale of the Placement Shares described therein has been declined, suspended, or otherwise terminated in accordance with the terms
of this Agreement, the Agent, for the period specified in the Placement Notice, will use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent
with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable law and regulations to sell such Placement Shares up to the amount specified,
and otherwise in accordance with the terms of such Placement Notice. The Company acknowledges and agrees that (i) there can be no assurance
that the Agent will be successful in selling Placement Shares, (ii) the Agent will incur no liability or obligation to the Company or
any other person or entity if it does not sell Placement Shares for any reason other than a failure by the Agent to use its commercially
reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable law and regulations to sell such Placement Shares
as required under this Agreement and (iii) the Agent shall be under no obligation to purchase Placement Shares on a principal basis pursuant
to this Agreement, except as otherwise agreed by the Agent and the Company. |
| (b) | Settlement of Placement Shares. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Placement
Notice, settlement for sales of Placement Shares will occur on the first (1st) Trading Day (or such earlier day as is industry
practice for regular-way trading) following the date on which such sales are made (each, a “Settlement Date”).
The Agent shall notify the Company of each sale of Placement Shares no later than the opening of the Trading Day immediately following
the Trading Day on which it has made sales of Placement Shares hereunder. The amount of proceeds to be delivered to the Company on a Settlement
Date against receipt of the Placement Shares sold (the “Net Proceeds”) will be equal to the aggregate sales
price received by the Agent, after deduction for (i) the Agent’s commission, discount or other compensation for such sales payable
by the Company pursuant to Section 2 hereof, and (ii) any transaction fees imposed by any Governmental Authority in respect of
such sales. |
| (c) | Delivery of Placement Shares. On or before each Settlement Date, the Company will, or will cause
its transfer agent to, electronically transfer the Placement Shares being sold by crediting the Agent’s or its designee’s
account (provided the Agent shall have given the Company written notice of such designee at least one Trading Day prior to the Settlement
Date) at The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit and Withdrawal at Custodian System or by such other means of delivery as may
be mutually agreed upon by the parties hereto which in all cases shall be freely tradable, transferable, registered shares in good deliverable
form. On each Settlement Date, the Agent will deliver the related Net Proceeds in same day funds to an account designated by the Company
on, or prior to, the Settlement Date. The Company agrees that if the Company, or its transfer agent (if applicable), defaults in its obligation
to deliver Placement Shares on a Settlement Date, through no fault of the Agent, the Company agrees that in addition to and in no way
limiting the rights and obligations set forth in Section 10(a) hereto, it will (i) hold the Agent harmless against any loss, claim,
damage, or reasonable documented expense (including reasonable and documented legal fees and expenses), as incurred, arising out of or
in connection with such default by the Company or its transfer agent (if applicable) and (ii) pay to the Agent any commission, discount,
or other compensation to which it would otherwise have been entitled absent such default. |
| (d) | Denominations; Registration. Certificates for the Placement Shares, if any, shall be in
such denominations and registered in such names as the Agent may request in writing at least one full Business Day (as defined below)
before the applicable Settlement Date. The certificates for the Placement Shares, if any, will be made available by the Company for examination
and packaging by the Agent in The City of New York not later than noon (New York time) on the Business Day prior to the applicable
Settlement Date. |
| (e) | Limitations on Offering Size. Under no circumstances shall the Company cause or request
the offer or sale of any Placement Shares if, after giving effect to the sale of such Placement Shares, the aggregate gross sales proceeds
of Placement Shares sold pursuant to this Agreement would exceed the lesser of (A) together with all sales of Placement Shares under
this Agreement, the Maximum Amount and (B) the amount authorized from time to time to be issued and sold under this Agreement by
the Company’s board of directors, a duly authorized committee thereof or a duly authorized executive committee, and notified to
the Agent in writing. Under no circumstances shall the Company cause or request the offer or sale of any Placement Shares pursuant to
this Agreement at a price lower than the minimum price authorized from time to time by the Company’s board of directors, a duly
authorized committee thereof or a duly authorized executive committee. Further, under no circumstances shall the Company cause or permit
the aggregate offering amount of Placement Shares sold pursuant to this Agreement to exceed the Maximum Amount. |
| 6. | Representations and Warranties of the Company. The Company represents and warrants to, and agrees
with the Agent that as of the date of this Agreement and as of each Applicable Time (as defined below): |
| (a) | Registration Statement and Prospectus. The Company and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement
meet the requirements for and comply with the applicable conditions set forth in Form S-3 (including General Instructions I.A and I.B)
under the Securities Act. The Registration Statement has been or will be filed with the Commission and will be declared effective by the
Commission under the Securities Act prior to the issuance of any Placement Notices by the Company. As of each Applicable Time, the Registration
Statement is effective. The Prospectus Supplement will name the Agent as the agent in the section entitled “Plan of Distribution.”
The Company has not received, and has no notice of, any order of the Commission preventing or suspending the use of the Registration Statement,
or threatening or instituting proceedings for that purpose. The Registration Statement and the offer and sale of Placement Shares as contemplated
hereby meet the requirements of Rule 415 under the Securities Act and comply in all material respects with said Rule. Any statutes,
regulations, contracts or other documents that are required to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or to be filed
as exhibits to the Registration Statement have been so described or filed. Copies of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, and any
such amendments or supplements and all documents incorporated by reference therein that were filed with the Commission on or prior to
the date of this Agreement have been delivered, or are available through EDGAR, to the Agent and its counsel. The Company has not distributed
and, prior to the later to occur of each Settlement Date and completion of the distribution of the Placement Shares, will not distribute
any offering material in connection with the offering or sale of the Placement Shares other than the Registration Statement and the Prospectus
and any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus to which the Agent has consented. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the
Exchange Act and is currently listed on the Exchange under the trading symbol “SGMT.” The Company has taken no action designed
to, or likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act, delisting the Common Stock
from the Exchange, nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission or the Exchange is contemplating terminating such
registration or listing. To the Company’s knowledge, it is in compliance with all applicable listing requirements of the Exchange. |
| (b) | No Misstatement or Omission. The Registration Statement, when it became or becomes effective, and
the Prospectus, and any amendment or supplement thereto, on the date of such Prospectus or amendment or supplement, conformed and will
conform in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act. At each Settlement Date, the Registration Statement and
the Prospectus, as of such date, will conform in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act. The Registration Statement,
when it became or becomes effective, did not, and will not, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material
fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. The Prospectus and any amendment and supplement
thereto, on the date thereof and at each Applicable Time (defined below), did not and will not include an untrue statement of a material
fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made,
not misleading. The documents incorporated by reference in the Prospectus or any Prospectus Supplement did not, and any further documents
filed and incorporated by reference therein will not, when filed with the Commission, contain an untrue statement of a material fact or
omit to state a material fact required to be stated in such document or necessary to make the statements in such document, in light of
the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The foregoing shall not apply to statements in, or omissions from, any such
document made in reliance upon, and in conformity with, information furnished to the Company by the Agent in writing specifically for
use in the preparation thereof, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by the Agent to the Company consists
of “Agent Information” as defined below. |
| (c) | Conformity with the Securities Act and Exchange Act. The Registration Statement, the Prospectus,
any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, and the documents incorporated by reference in the Registration
Statement, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, when such documents were or are filed with the Commission under the
Securities Act or the Exchange Act or became or become effective under the Securities Act, as the case may be, conformed or will conform
in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable. |
| (d) | No Material Adverse Effect. The Company has not, since the date of the latest audited financial
statements included or incorporated by reference in the Prospectus, (i) sustained any material loss or interference with its business
from fire, explosion, flood or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor dispute or court or governmental
action, order or decree or (ii) entered into any transaction or agreement (whether or not in the ordinary course of business) that is
material to the Company or incurred any liability or obligation, direct or contingent, that is material to the Company, in each case otherwise
than as set forth or contemplated in the Registration Statement and Prospectus; and, since the respective dates as of which information
is given in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, there has not been (x) any change in the capital stock (other than as a result
of (i) the exercise, if any, of stock options or the award, if any, of stock options or restricted stock in the ordinary course of business
pursuant to the Company’s equity plans that are described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus or (ii) the issuance,
if any, of stock upon conversion of Company securities as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus) or long term or
short-term debt of the Company or (y) any Material Adverse Effect (as defined below); as used in this Agreement, “Material
Adverse Effect” shall mean a material adverse change or effect, or any development involving a prospective material adverse
change or effect, in or affecting (i) the business, properties, general affairs, management, financial position, stockholders’ equity,
prospects or results of operations of the Company or (ii) the ability of the Company to perform its obligations under this Agreement,
including the issuance and sale of the Placement Shares, or to consummate the transactions contemplated in the Prospectus. |
| (e) | Title to Real and Personal Property. The Company has good and marketable title in fee simple to
all real property and good and marketable title to all personal property owned by it, in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances
and defects except such as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not interfere with the use made and proposed to
be made of such property by the Company; and any real property and buildings held under lease by the Company is held by the Company under
valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with such exceptions as are not material and do not materially interfere with the use made and
proposed to be made of such property and buildings by the Company |
| (f) | Organization. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries has been (i) duly organized and is validly
existing and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization, with power and authority (corporate and other) to own
its properties and conduct its business as described in the Prospectus, and (ii) duly qualified as a foreign corporation for the transaction
of business and is in good standing (where such concept exists) under the laws of each other jurisdiction in which it owns or leases properties
or conducts any business so as to require such qualification, except, in the case of this clause (ii), where the failure to be so qualified
or in good standing would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect |
| (g) | Subsidiaries. The subsidiaries set forth on Schedule 4 (collectively, the “Subsidiaries”),
are the Company’s only significant subsidiaries (as such term is defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X promulgated by the Commission).
Except as set forth in the Registration Statement and in the Prospectus, the Company owns, directly or indirectly, all of the equity interests
of the Subsidiaries free and clear of any lien, charge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal or other restriction, and
all the equity interests of the Subsidiaries are validly issued and are fully paid, nonassessable and free of preemptive and similar rights.
No Subsidiary is currently prohibited, directly or indirectly, from paying any dividends to the Company, from making any other distribution
on such Subsidiary’s capital stock, from repaying to the Company any loans or advances to such Subsidiary from the Company or from
transferring any of such Subsidiary’s property or assets to the Company or any other Subsidiary of the Company. |
| (h) | Capitalization. The Company has an authorized capitalization as set forth in the Registration Statement
and Prospectus and all of the issued shares of capital stock of the Company have been duly and validly authorized and issued and are fully
paid and non-assessable and conform, in all material respects, to the description of the Stock contained in the Registration Statement
and Prospectus |
| (i) | Authorization of Placement Shares. The Placement Shares, when issued and delivered pursuant to
the terms approved by the board of directors of the Company or a duly authorized committee thereof, or a duly authorized executive committee,
against payment therefor as provided herein, will be duly and validly authorized and issued and fully paid and nonassessable, free and
clear of any pledge, lien, encumbrance, security interest or other claim, including any statutory or contractual preemptive rights, resale
rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights, and will be registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act. The Placement
Shares, when issued, will conform to the description thereof set forth in or incorporated into the Prospectus. |
| (j) | Non-Contravention. The issue and sale of the Placement Shares and the compliance by the Company
with this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated in this Agreement and the Prospectus Supplement will not conflict
with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, (A) any indenture, mortgage,
deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which
the Company is bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Company is subject, except, in the case of this clause (A) for such
defaults, breaches, or violations that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse
Effect, (B) the certificate of incorporation or bylaws of the Company, or (C) any statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of
any court or governmental agency or body having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its properties except, in the case of this clause
(C) for such violations that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect;
and no consent, approval, authorization, order, registration or qualification of or with any such court or governmental agency or body
is required for the issue and sale of the Shares or the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement,
except such as have been obtained under the Act, the approval by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) of
the underwriting terms and arrangements, and such consents, approvals, authorizations, registrations or qualifications as may be required
under state securities or Blue Sky laws in connection with the purchase and distribution of the Shares by the Underwriters. |
| (k) | No Violation or Default. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is (i) in violation of
its certificate of incorporation or bylaws, (ii) in violation of any statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or
governmental agency or body having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its properties, or (iii) in default in the performance or observance
of any obligation, agreement, covenant or condition contained in any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement, lease or other
agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties may be bound, except, in the case of the foregoing
clauses (ii) and (iii), for such violations or defaults as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have
a Material Adverse Effect. |
| (l) | No Litigation. Other than as set forth in the Registration Statement or Prospectus, there are no
legal, governmental or regulatory investigations, actions, demands, claims, suits, arbitrations, inquiries or proceedings (“Actions”)
pending to which the Company or, to the Company's knowledge, any officer or director of the Company, is a party or of which any property
of the Company or, to the Company's knowledge, any officer or director of the Company, is the subject which, if determined adversely to
the Company (or such officer or director), would individually or in the aggregate have a Material Adverse Effect; and, to the Company's
knowledge, no such proceedings are threatened or contemplated by governmental authorities or others; there are no current or pending Actions
that are required under the Act to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus that are not so described therein; and
there are no statutes, regulations or contracts or other documents that are required under the Act to be filed as exhibits to the Registration
Statement or described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus that are not so filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement
or described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus. |
| (m) | Investment Company Act. The Company is not, and each of its Subsidiaries are not, and, after giving
effect to the offering and sale of the Placement Shares and the application of the proceeds thereof as described in the Prospectus, will
not be an “investment company”, as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment
Company Act”). |
| (n) | Status Under the Securities Act. The Company was not and is not an ineligible issuer as defined
in Rule 405 under the Securities Act at the times specified in Rules 164 and 433 under the Securities Act in connection with the offering
of the Placement Shares. |
| (o) | Independent Public Accounting Firm. Deloitte & Touche LLP, who have certified certain financial
statements of the Company, are independent public accountants as required by the Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder. |
| (p) | Internal Controls. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries maintain a system of internal control
over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange
Act”)) that (i) complies with the requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to the Company and each of its Subsidiaries,
(ii) has been designed by the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or under their supervision,
to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external
purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and (iii) is designed to provide reasonable assurance that (A) transactions
are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization, (B) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit
preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and to maintain accountability for assets,
(C) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization, (D) the recorded accountability
for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences,
and (E) the interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (“XBRL”), if any, included in the Registration
Statement is accurate to the extent required and the Company is not aware of any material weaknesses in its internal control over financial
reporting. |
| (q) | Disclosure Controls. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries maintain disclosure controls and
procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that comply with the requirements of the Exchange Act applicable
to the Company; such disclosure controls and procedures have been designed to ensure that material information relating to the Company
is made known to the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer by others within the Company; and such
disclosure controls and procedures are effective in all material respects. |
| (r) | Enforceability. The Company has full legal right, power and authority to enter into this Agreement
and perform the transactions contemplated hereby. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and is
a legal, valid and binding agreement of the Company enforceable in accordance with its terms, except to the extent that enforceability
may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and by
general equitable principles. |
| (s) | No Improper Practices. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries, nor any director,
officer or employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries nor to the knowledge of the Company, any director, officer or employee,
agent, affiliate or other person associated with or acting on behalf of the Company or its Subsidiaries has (i) made, offered, promised
or authorized any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expense (or taken any act in furtherance thereof); (ii)
made, offered, promised or authorized any direct or indirect unlawful payment; or (iii) violated or is in violation of any provision of
the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, or the rules and regulations thereunder, the Bribery Act 2010 of the United Kingdom
or any other applicable anti-corruption, anti-bribery or related law, statute or regulation (collectively, “Anti-Corruption
Laws”); the Company and each of its Subsidiaries have conducted its business in compliance with Anti-Corruption Laws and
have instituted and maintained and will continue to maintain policies and procedures reasonably designed to promote and achieve compliance
with such laws and with the representations and warranties contained herein; the Company and each of its Subsidiaries will not use, directly
or indirectly, the proceeds of the offering in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay, or authorization of the payment or giving
of money, or anything else of value, to any person in violation of Anti-Corruption Laws. |
| (t) | Operations. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all
times in compliance with the requirements of applicable anti-money laundering laws, including, but not limited to, the Bank Secrecy Act
of 1970, as amended by the USA PATRIOT ACT of 2001, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and the anti-money laundering
laws of the various jurisdictions in which the Company conducts business, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar
rules, regulation or guidelines issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the “Money Laundering
Laws”) and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator
involving the Company with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened. |
| (u) | Sanctions. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries, nor any director, officer or employee
of the Company nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any agent, affiliate or other person associated with or acting on behalf of the Company
or its Subsidiaries is (i) currently the subject or the target of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. Government, including,
without limitation, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury (“OFAC”), or
the U.S. Department of State and including, without limitation, the designation as a “specially designated national” or “blocked
person,” the European Union, His Majesty’s Treasury, the United Nations Security Council, or other relevant sanctions authority
(collectively, “Sanctions”), (ii) located, organized, or resident in a country or territory that is the subject or target
of Sanctions (a “Sanctioned Jurisdiction”), and the Company will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds
of the offering of the Shares hereunder, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any joint venture partner or
other person or entity (i) to fund or facilitate any activities of or business with any person, or in any country or territory, that,
at the time of such funding, is the subject or the target of Sanctions or (ii) in any other manner that will result in a violation by
any person (including any person participating in the transaction, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise) of Sanctions;
the Company and each of its Subsidiaries is not engaged in, nor has, at any time in the past five years, engaged in, any dealings or transactions
with or involving any individual or entity that was or is, as applicable, at the time of such dealing or transaction, the subject or target
of Sanctions or with any Sanctioned Jurisdiction; the Company and each of its Subsidiaries has instituted, and maintains, policies and
procedures designed to promote and achieve continued compliance with Sanctions. |
| (v) | Financial Information. The financial statements included or incorporated by reference in the Registration
Statement and the Prospectus, together with the related notes, present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the
Company at the dates indicated and the statement of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows of the Company for the periods
specified; said financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”)
applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved. The summary financial information included or incorporated by reference
in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus present fairly, in all material respects, the information shown therein and have been
compiled on a basis consistent with that of the audited financial statements included therein. Except as included therein, no historical
or pro forma financial statements or supporting schedules are required to be included in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus
under the Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. |
| (w) | Emerging Growth Company Status. From the time of initial confidential submission of the registration
statement relating to the Company’s initial public offering with the Commission through the date hereof, the Company has been and
is an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Act (an “Emerging Growth Company”). |
| (x) | Labor Disputes. No labor disturbance by or dispute with current or former employees or officers
of the Company exists or, to the Company’s knowledge, is contemplated or threatened, and the Company is not aware of any existing
or imminent labor disturbance by, or dispute with, the employees of any of the Company’s principal suppliers, manufacturers or contractors,
which in either case would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. The Company is not a party to any collective
bargaining agreement. |
| (y) | Insurance. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries carry, or are covered by, insurance covering
its properties, operations, personnel and business, including business interruption insurance, which insurance is in amounts and insures
against such losses and risks, that in the Company’s reasonable judgment, are reasonable and ordinary and customary for comparable
companies in the same or similar businesses; and the Company and each of its Subsidiaries has not (i) received notice from any insurer
or agent of such insurer that capital improvements or other expenditures are required or necessary to be made in order to continue such
insurance or (ii) any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires
or to obtain similar coverage at reasonable cost from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business. |
| (z) | Compliance with Laws. Except as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the
Company and each of its Subsidiaries: (i) has operated and currently operates its business in compliance in all material respects with
all applicable provisions of the Health Care Laws (as defined below) and any other applicable requirements of the Food and Drug Administration
(“FDA”), the Department of Health and Human Services and any comparable foreign or other regulatory authority
to which it is subject (collectively, the “Applicable Regulatory Authorities”) relating to the ownership, testing,
development, manufacture, packaging, processing, use, distribution, storage, import, export or disposal of any of the Company’s
product candidates; (ii) has not received any FDA Form 483, written notice of adverse finding, warning letter, untitled letter or other
correspondence or written notice from any court or arbitrator or Applicable Regulatory Authority alleging or asserting material non-compliance
with (A) any applicable Health Care Laws or (B) or any material licenses, certificates, approvals, clearances, exemptions, registrations,
authorizations, permits and supplements or amendments thereto required by any such applicable Health Care Laws (“Regulatory
Authorizations”); (iii) possesses all material Regulatory Authorizations required to conduct its business as currently conducted
and such Regulatory Authorizations are valid and in full force and effect and the Company is not in violation, in any material respect,
of any term of any such Regulatory Authorizations; (iv) has not received written notice of any claim, action, suit, proceeding, hearing,
enforcement, investigation, arbitration or other action from any Applicable Regulatory Authorities alleging that any Company product candidate,
operation or activity is in material violation of any applicable Health Care Laws or Regulatory Authorizations and has no knowledge that
any Applicable Regulatory Authority or any other third party is considering any such claim, litigation, arbitration, action, suit, investigation
or proceeding; (v) has not received written notice that any Applicable Regulatory Authority has taken, is taking or intends to take action
to limit, suspend, modify or revoke any material Regulatory Authorizations and has no knowledge that any Applicable Regulatory Authority
is considering such action; (vi) has filed, obtained, maintained or submitted all material reports, documents, forms, notices, applications,
records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments as required by any applicable Health Care Laws or Regulatory Authorizations
and all such reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments were materially
complete and correct on the date filed (or were materially corrected or supplemented by a subsequent submission); (vii) is not a party
to or does not have any ongoing reporting obligations pursuant to any corporate integrity agreements, deferred or non-prosecution agreements,
monitoring agreements, consent decrees, settlement orders, plans of correction or similar agreements with or imposed by any Applicable
Regulatory Authority; and (viii) along with its employees, officers and directors, and, to the Company’s knowledge, agents, has
not been excluded, suspended or debarred from participation in any government health care program or human clinical research or, to the
knowledge of the Company, is not subject to a governmental inquiry, investigation, proceeding, or other similar action that could reasonably
be expected to result in debarment, suspension, or exclusion. The term “Health Care Laws” means Title XVIII
of the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 1395-1395hhh (the Medicare statute); Title XIX of the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C.
§§ 1396-1396v (the Medicaid statute); the Federal Anti-Kickback Statute, 42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7b(b); the civil False Claims
Act, 31 U.S.C. §§ 3729 et seq.; the criminal False Claims Act 42 U.S.C. 1320a-7b(a); any criminal laws relating to health care
fraud and abuse, including but not limited to 18 U.S.C. Sections 286 and 287, and the health care fraud criminal provisions under the
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, 42 U.S.C. §§ 1320d et seq., (“HIPAA”);
the Civil Monetary Penalties Law, 42 U.S.C. §§ 1320a-7a; the Physician Payments Sunshine Act, 42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7h; the
Exclusion Law, 42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7; HIPAA, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act,
42 U.S.C. §§ 17921 et seq.; the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S.C. §§ 301 et seq.; the regulations promulgated
pursuant to such laws; and any comparable foreign, federal, state and local laws and regulations. |
| (aa) | Consents and Permits. The Company and its Subsidiaries possess, and are in compliance with the
terms of, all applications, certificates, approvals, clearances, registrations, exemptions, franchises, licenses, permits, consents and
other authorizations necessary to conduct its business in the manner described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus (collectively,
“Licenses”), issued by the appropriate governmental agency or body, except as would not, individually or in
the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. All Licenses are in full force and effect and the Company is
not in violation of any term or conditions of any License, except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected
to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company and its Subsidiaries have fulfilled and performed all of their material obligations with
respect to the Licenses and, to the Company’s knowledge, no event has occurred which allows, or after notice or lapse of time would
allow, revocation or termination thereof or results in any other impairment of the rights of the holder of any License, which, in any
such case, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company and its Subsidiaries
have not received any written notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or material modification of any Licenses and no governmental
agency or body has taken any action to limit, suspend or revoke any License possessed by the Company. |
| (bb) | Clinical Studies. The preclinical tests and clinical trials, and other studies (collectively, “studies”)
being conducted by or on behalf of the Company, that are described in, or the results of which are referred to in, the Registration Statement
or the Prospectus were and, if still pending, are being conducted in all material respects in accordance with all applicable laws and
regulations, including, without limitation, the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and its implementing regulations at 21 C.F.R. Parts
50, 54, 56, 58 and 312, with the protocols, procedures and controls designed and approved for such studies and with standard medical and
scientific research procedures; each description of the results of such studies is accurate and complete in all material respects and
fairly presents the data derived from such studies, and the Company has no knowledge of any other studies, the results of which reasonably
call into question the results described or referred to in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus; to the Company’s knowledge,
Ascletis Bioscience Co. Ltd., or any third party conducting clinical trials of Company’s product candidates, is and has conducted
such trials in material compliance with all applicable laws, regulations and protocols and to the Company’s knowledge each description
of the results of such trials in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus is accurate and complete in all material respects and fairly
presents the data derived from such trials, and the Company has no knowledge of any other studies, the results of which reasonably call
into question the results of such trials described or referred to in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus; the Company has not
received any written notice of, or correspondence from, any Applicable Regulatory Authority requiring the termination, suspension or material
modification of any clinical trials currently being conducted or proposed to be conducted by or for the Company, that are described or
referred to in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus. |
| (cc) | Manufacturing. To the Company’s knowledge, the manufacturing facilities and operations of
its suppliers with respect to the Company’s product candidates are operated in compliance in all material respects with all applicable
statutes, rules, regulations and policies of the Applicable Regulatory Authorities. |
| (dd) | Intellectual Property. The Company and its Subsidiaries own or possess all pending patent applications
and issued patent rights, licenses, inventions, copyrights, know-how (including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable
proprietary or confidential information, systems or procedures), trademarks, service marks, trade names, or other intellectual property
(collectively, “Intellectual Property”) necessary for or used in the conduct, or the proposed conduct, of the
business of the Company as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus. All employees or contractors engaged in the development
of any Intellectual Property on behalf of the Company and its Subsidiaries have executed an invention assignment agreement whereby such
employees or contractors presently assign all of their rights, title and interest in and to such Intellectual Property to the Company,
and to the Company's knowledge no such agreement has been breached or violated. The Company and its Subsidiaries have not received any
notice or is otherwise aware of any infringement, misappropriation, or violation of, or conflict with asserted rights of others with respect
to any Intellectual Property or of any facts or circumstances that would render any Intellectual Property invalid, unenforceable, or otherwise
inadequate to protect the interest of the Company therein. All Intellectual Property owned by the Company or its Subsidiaries and registered
with any governmental agency or body has been duly maintained in all material respects in accordance with applicable law, including submission
of all necessary filings and payment of fees in accordance with the legal and administrative requirements of the appropriate jurisdictions.
The Company and its Subsidiaries have not received any notice that any issued patents within the Intellectual Property are invalid or
unenforceable, and is not otherwise aware of any facts or circumstances that would render any issued patents within the Intellectual Property
invalid or unenforceable. The Company and its Subsidiaries use, or have used, commercially reasonable efforts to appropriately maintain
all information intended to be maintained as a trade secret. Moreover, all material technical information developed by and belonging to
the Company and its Subsidiaries that has not been disclosed in a patent application has been kept confidential and, to the Company’s
knowledge, there is no infringement or misappropriation by third parties of any Intellectual Property. All employees or contractors engaged
in the development of any material trade secrets on behalf of the Company or its Subsidiaries have executed a confidentiality agreement
with the Company. |
| (ee) | Cybersecurity. The Company and its Subsidiaries’ information technology assets and equipment,
computers, systems, networks, hardware, software, websites, applications, and databases (collectively, “IT Systems”)
are adequate for, and operate and perform in all material respects as required in connection with the operation of the business of the
Company as currently conducted, and are, to the Company’s knowledge, free and clear of all material bugs, errors, defects, Trojan
horses, time bombs, malware and other corruptants; the Company and each of its Subsidiaries has implemented and maintained reasonable
controls, policies, procedures, and safeguards to maintain and protect its material confidential information and the integrity, continuous
operation, redundancy and security of all IT Systems and data (including all personal, personally identifiable, sensitive, confidential
or regulated data (“Personal Data”)) used in connection with its business, and there have been no breaches,
violations, outages or, to the Company’s knowledge, unauthorized uses of or accesses to same, except for those that have been remedied
without material cost or liability or the duty to notify any other person, nor any incidents under internal review or investigations relating
to the same; the Company and each of its Subsidiaries is presently in compliance in all material respects with all applicable laws or
statutes and all judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, internal
policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Personal Data and to the protection of such
IT Systems and Personal Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification. |
| (ff) | Statistical and Market-Related Data. Nothing has come to the attention of the Company that
has caused the Company to believe that the statistical and market-related data included in each of the Registration Statement and the
Prospectus is not based on or derived from sources that are reliable and accurate in all material respects. |
| (gg) | Taxes. All United States federal income tax returns of the Company and its Subsidiaries required
by law to be filed have been filed and all taxes shown as due on such returns or that otherwise have been assessed, which are due and
payable, have been paid, except assessments against which appeals have been or will be promptly taken and as to which adequate reserves
have been provided, or as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has filed all other material
tax returns that are required to have been filed by them pursuant to applicable foreign, state, local or other law except insofar as the
failure to file such returns would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, and has paid all taxes due pursuant
to such returns or pursuant to any assessment received by the Company or its Subsidiaries, except for such taxes, if any, as are being
contested in good faith and as to which adequate reserves have been provided, or as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material
Adverse Effect. The charges, accruals and reserves on the books of the Company and its Subsidiaries in respect of any income tax liability
for any years not finally determined are adequate to meet any assessments or re-assessments for additional income tax for any years not
finally determined, except to the extent of any inadequacy that would not be material. No material tax deficiency has been determined
adversely to the Company or its Subsidiaries, nor does the Company or its Subsidiaries have any written notice or knowledge of any material
tax deficiency which could reasonably be expected to be determined adversely to the Company. |
| (hh) | Certain Market Activities. Neither the Company nor any of its controlled affiliates has taken or
will take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that could reasonably be expected to cause or result in the stabilization
or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company in connection with the offering of the Placement Shares. |
| (ii) | Underwriter Agreements. The Company is not a party to any agreement with an agent or underwriter
for any other “at the market” or continuous equity transaction. |
| (jj) | Related-Party Transactions. No relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company,
on the one hand, and the directors, officers, stockholders, customers or suppliers of the Company, on the other, that is required by the
Act to be described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and that is not so described in such documents and in the Registration
Statement and the Prospectus. |
| (kk) | Sarbanes-Oxley. There is and has been no failure on the part of the Company or any of the Company’s
directors or officers, in their capacities as such, to comply with any applicable provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended
and the rules and regulations promulgated in connection therewith, including Section 402 related to loans and Sections 302 and 906 related
to certifications. |
| (ll) | No Debt. The Company has no debt securities or preferred stock rated by any “nationally recognized
statistical rating organization,” as defined in Section 3(a)(62) of the Exchange Act |
| (mm) | XBRL. The interactive data in XBRL, if any, included in the Registration Statement fairly presents
the information called for in all material respects and has been prepared in accordance with the Commission’s rules and guidelines
applicable thereto to the extent required. |
| (nn) | Conformity with EDGAR Filing. The Prospectus delivered to the Agent for use in connection with
the sale of the Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement will be identical to the versions of the Prospectus created to be transmitted
to the Commission for filing via EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T. |
| (oo) | Market Capitalization. At the time the Registration Statement was or will be originally declared
effective, and at the time the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K was filed with the Commission, the Company met or
will meet the then applicable requirements for the use of Form S-3 under the Securities Act, including, but not limited to, General Instruction
I.B.1 of Form S-3. |
| (pp) | FINRA Matters. The information provided to the Agent by the Company, its counsel, and its officers
and directors for purposes of the Agent’s compliance with applicable FINRA rules in connection with the offering of the Shares is
true, complete, and correct and compliant with FINRA’s rules. |
| (qq) | Finder’s Fees. Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries has incurred any liability
for any finder’s fees, brokerage commissions or similar payments in connection with the transactions herein contemplated, except
as may otherwise exist with respect to the Agent pursuant to this Agreement. |
| (rr) | Agent Purchases. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Agent has informed the Company that
the Agent may, to the extent permitted under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, purchase and sell Common Stock for its own account
while this Agreement is in effect, provided, that the Company shall not be deemed to have authorized or consented to any such purchases
or sales by the Agent. |
| (ss) | Margin Rules. Neither the issuance, sale and delivery of the Placement Shares nor the application
of the proceeds thereof by the Company as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus will violate Regulation T, U or X
of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or any other regulation of such Board of Governors. |
Any certificate signed by
an officer of the Company and delivered to the Agent or to counsel for the Agent pursuant to or in connection with this Agreement shall
be deemed to be a representation and warranty by the Company, as applicable, to the Agent as to the matters set forth therein.
| 7. | Covenants of the Company. The Company covenants and agrees with the Agent that: |
| (a) | Registration Statement Amendments. After the date of this Agreement and during any period in which
a Prospectus relating to any Placement Shares is required to be delivered by the Agent under the Securities Act (including in circumstances
where such requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act or similar rule), (i) the Company will notify
the Agent promptly of the time when any subsequent amendment to the Registration Statement, other than documents incorporated by reference,
has been filed with the Commission and/or has become effective or any subsequent supplement to the Prospectus has been filed and of any
request by the Commission for any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus or for additional information, (ii) the
Company will prepare and file with the Commission, promptly upon the Agent’s reasonable request, any amendments or supplements to
the Registration Statement or Prospectus that, in the Agent’s reasonable opinion, may be necessary or advisable in connection with
the distribution of the Placement Shares by the Agent (provided, however, that the failure of the Agent to make such request
shall not relieve the Company of any obligation or liability hereunder, or affect the Agent’s right to rely on the representations
and warranties made by the Company in this Agreement and provided, further, that the only remedy the Agent shall have with
respect to the failure to make such filing shall be to cease making sales under this Agreement until such amendment or supplement is filed);
(iii) the Company will not file any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus (other than documents incorporated
by reference) relating to the Placement Shares or a security convertible into the Placement Shares unless a copy thereof has been submitted
to Agent within a reasonable period of time before the filing and the Agent has not objected thereto (provided, however,
that the failure of the Agent to make such objection shall not relieve the Company of any obligation or liability hereunder, or affect
the Agent’s right to rely on the representations and warranties made by the Company in this Agreement and provided, further,
that the only remedy the Agent shall have with respect to the failure by the Company to obtain such consent shall be to cease making sales
under this Agreement) and the Company will furnish to the Agent at the time of filing thereof a copy of any document that upon filing
is deemed to be incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement or Prospectus, except for those documents available via EDGAR;
and (iv) the Company will cause each amendment or supplement to the Prospectus (other than documents incorporated by reference) to
be filed with the Commission as required pursuant to the applicable paragraph of Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act or, in the case of
any document to be incorporated therein by reference, to be filed with the Commission as required pursuant to the Exchange Act, within
the time period prescribed (the determination to file or not file any amendment or supplement with the Commission under this Section
7(a), based on the Company’s reasonable opinion or reasonable objections, shall be made exclusively by the Company). |
| (b) | Notice of Commission Stop Orders. The Company will advise the Agent, promptly after it receives
notice or obtains knowledge thereof, of the issuance or threatened issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness
of the Registration Statement, of the suspension of the qualification of the Placement Shares for offering or sale in any jurisdiction,
or of the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for any such purpose; and it will promptly use its commercially reasonable efforts
to prevent the issuance of any stop order or to obtain its withdrawal if such a stop order should be issued. The Company will advise the
Agent promptly after it receives any request by the Commission for any amendments to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplements
to the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or for additional information related to the offering of the Placement Shares
or for additional information related to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus. |
| (c) | Delivery of Prospectus; Subsequent Changes. During any
period in which a Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares is required to be delivered by the Agent under the Securities Act with
respect to the offer and sale of the Placement Shares, (including in circumstances where such requirement may be satisfied pursuant to
Rule 172 under the Securities Act or similar rule), the Company will comply in all material respects with all requirements imposed upon
it by the Securities Act, as from time to time in force, and to file on or before their respective due dates all reports and any definitive
proxy or information statements required to be filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, 15(d)
or any other provision of or under the Exchange Act. If the Company has omitted any information from the Registration Statement pursuant
to Rule 430B under the Securities Act, it will use its best efforts to comply with the provisions of and make all requisite filings with
the Commission pursuant to said Rule 430B and to notify the Agent promptly of all such filings, if not available on EDGAR. If during
such period any event occurs as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include an untrue statement of
a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances then existing,
not misleading, or if during such period it is necessary to amend or supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus to comply with
the Securities Act, the Company will promptly notify the Agent to suspend the offering of Placement Shares during such period and the
Company will promptly amend or supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus (at the expense of the Company) so as to correct such
statement or omission or effect such compliance; provided, however, that the Company may delay any such amendment or supplement
if, in the reasonable judgment of the Company, it is in the interests of the Company to do so. |
| (d) | Listing of Placement Shares. Prior to the date of the first Placement Notice, the Company will
use its reasonable best efforts to cause the Placement Shares to be listed on the Exchange. |
| (e) | Delivery of Registration Statement and Prospectus. The Company will furnish to the Agent and its
counsel (at the expense of the Company) copies of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus (including all documents incorporated by
reference therein) and all amendments and supplements to the Registration Statement or Prospectus that are filed with the Commission during
any period in which a Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares is required to be delivered under the Securities Act (including all
documents filed with the Commission during such period that are deemed to be incorporated by reference therein), in each case as soon
as reasonably practicable and in such quantities as the Agent may from time to time reasonably request and, at the Agent’s request,
will also furnish copies of the Prospectus to each exchange or market on which sales of the Placement Shares may be made; provided,
however, that the Company shall not be required to furnish any document (other than the Prospectus) to the Agent to the extent
such document is available on EDGAR. |
| (f) | Earning Statement. The Company will make generally available
to its security holders as soon as practicable, but in any event not later than 15 months after the end of the Company’s current
fiscal quarter, an earning statement covering a 12-month period that satisfies the provisions of Section 11(a) and Rule 158 of the Securities
Act; provided that the Company will be deemed to have furnished such statement to its security holders to the extent it is available
on EDGAR. |
| (g) | Use of Proceeds. The Company will use the Net Proceeds as described in the Prospectus in the section
entitled “Use of Proceeds.” |
| (h) | Notice of Other Sales. Without the prior written consent of the Agent, the Company will not, directly
or indirectly, offer to sell, sell, contract to sell, grant any option to sell or otherwise dispose of any Common Stock (other than the
Placement Shares offered pursuant to this Agreement) or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock, warrants or any
rights to purchase or acquire, Common Stock during the period beginning on the fifth (5th) Trading Day immediately prior to
the date on which any Placement Notice is delivered to Agent hereunder and ending on the fifth (5th) Trading Day immediately
following the final Settlement Date with respect to Placement Shares sold pursuant to such Placement Notice (or, if the Placement Notice
has been terminated or suspended prior to the sale of all Placement Shares covered by a Placement Notice, the date of such suspension
or termination); and will not directly or indirectly in any other “at the market” or continuous equity transaction offer to
sell, sell, contract to sell, grant any option to sell or otherwise dispose of any Common Stock (other than the Placement Shares offered
pursuant to this Agreement) or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock, warrants or any rights to purchase or acquire,
Common Stock prior to the sixtieth (60th) day immediately following the termination of this Agreement; provided, however,
that such restrictions will not be required in connection with the Company’s issuance or sale of (i) Common Stock, options
to purchase Common Stock or Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of options, pursuant to any employee or director stock option or benefits
plan, stock ownership plan or dividend reinvestment plan (but not Common Stock subject to a waiver to exceed plan limits in its dividend
reinvestment plan) of the Company whether now in effect or hereafter implemented, (ii) Common Stock issuable upon conversion of securities
or the exercise of warrants, options or other rights in effect or outstanding, and disclosed in filings by the Company available on EDGAR
or otherwise in writing to the Agent and (iii) Common Stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of Common Stock
as consideration for mergers, acquisitions, other business combinations or strategic alliances occurring after the date of this Agreement
which are not issued for capital raising purposes. |
| (i) | Change of Circumstances. The Company will, at any time during the pendency of a Placement Notice,
advise the Agent promptly after it shall have received notice or obtained knowledge thereof, of any information or fact that would alter
or affect in any material respect any opinion, certificate, letter or other document required to be provided to the Agent pursuant to
this Agreement. |
| (j) | Due Diligence Cooperation. The Company will cooperate with any reasonable due diligence review
conducted by the Agent or its representatives in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including, without limitation,
providing information and making available documents and senior corporate officers, during regular business hours and at the Company’s
principal offices, as the Agent may reasonably request. |
| (k) | Required Filings Relating to Placement of Placement Shares.
The Company shall disclose, in its quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and in its annual report on Form 10-K to be filed by the Company with
the Commission from time to time, the number of the Placement Shares sold through the Agent under this Agreement, and the Net Proceeds
to the Company from the sale of the Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement during the relevant quarter or, in the case of an Annual
Report on Form 10-K, during the fiscal year covered by such Annual Report and the fourth quarter of such fiscal year. The Company agrees
that on such dates as the Securities Act shall require, the Company will (i) file a prospectus supplement with the Commission under
the applicable paragraph of Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act (each and every filing date under Rule 424(b), a “Filing
Date”), which prospectus supplement will set forth, within the relevant period, the amount of Placement Shares sold through
the Agent, the Net Proceeds to the Company and the compensation payable by the Company to the Agent with respect to such Placement Shares,
and (ii) deliver such number of copies of each such prospectus supplement to each exchange or market on which such sales were effected
as may be required by the rules or regulations of such exchange or market.; provided, that, unless a prospectus supplement containing
such information is required to be filed under the Securities Act, the requirement of this Section 7(k) may be satisfied by Company’s
inclusion in the Company’s Form 10-K or Form 10-Q, as applicable, of the number or amount of Placement Shares sold through the
Agent, the Net Proceeds to the Company and the compensation payable by the Company to the Agent with respect to such Placement Shares
during the relevant period. |
| (l) | Representation Dates; Certificate. (1) On or prior to the date of the first Placement Notice and
(2) each time the Company: |
(i) files the Prospectus
relating to the Placement Shares or amends or supplements (other than a prospectus supplement relating solely to an offering of securities
other than the Placement Shares) the Registration Statement or the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares by means of a post-effective
amendment, sticker, or supplement but not by means of incorporation of documents by reference into the Registration Statement or the Prospectus
relating to the Placement Shares;
(ii) files an annual
report on Form 10-K under the Exchange Act (including any Form 10-K/A containing amended financial information or a material amendment
to the previously filed Form 10-K);
(iii) files its quarterly
reports on Form 10-Q under the Exchange Act; or
(iv) files a current
report on Form 8-K containing amended financial information (other than information “furnished” pursuant to Items 2.02 or
7.01 of Form 8-K or to provide disclosure pursuant to Item 8.01 of Form 8-K relating to the reclassification of certain properties
as discontinued operations in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144) under the Exchange Act (each date of
filing of one or more of the documents referred to in clauses (i) through (iv) shall be a “Representation Date”);
the Company shall furnish the
Agent (but in the case of clause (iv) above only if the Agent reasonably determines that the information contained in such Form 8-K is
material) with a certificate dated the Representation Date, in the form and substance satisfactory to the Agent and its counsel, substantially
similar to the form previously provided to the Agent and its counsel, modified, as necessary, to relate to the Registration Statement
and the Prospectus as amended or supplemented. The requirement to provide a certificate under this Section 7(l) shall be waived
for any Representation Date occurring at a time during which no Placement Notice is pending or a Suspension is in effect, which waiver
shall continue until the earlier to occur of the date the Company delivers instructions for the sale of Placement Shares hereunder (which
for such calendar quarter shall be considered a Representation Date) and the next occurring Representation Date. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
if the Company subsequently decides to sell Placement Shares following a Representation Date when a Suspension was in effect and did not
provide the Agent with a certificate under this Section 7(l), then before the Company delivers the instructions for the sale of
Placement Shares or the Agent sells any Placement Shares pursuant to such instructions, the Company shall provide the Agent with a certificate
in conformity with this Section 7(l) dated as of the date that the instructions for the sale of Placement Shares are issued.
| (m) | Legal Opinion. (1) On or prior to the date of the first Placement Notice and (2) within five (5)
Trading Days of each Representation Date with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate pursuant to Section
7(l) for which no waiver is applicable and excluding the date of this Agreement, the Company shall cause to be furnished to the Agent
a written opinion and negative assurance letter of Goodwin Procter LLP (“Company Counsel”), or other counsel
satisfactory to the Agent, in form and substance satisfactory to the Agent and its counsel, substantially similar to the form previously
provided to the Agent and its counsel, modified, as necessary, to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as then amended
or supplemented; provided, that in lieu of such opinions for subsequent periodic filings under the Exchange Act, counsel may furnish
the Agent with a letter (a “Reliance Letter”) to the effect that the Agent may rely on a prior opinion delivered
under this Section 7(m) to the same extent as if it were dated the date of such letter (except that statements in such prior opinion
shall be deemed to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended or supplemented as of the date of the Reliance Letter). |
| (n) | Comfort Letter. (1) On or prior to the date of the first Placement Notice and (2) within five (5)
Trading Days of each Representation Date with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate pursuant to Section
7(l) for which no waiver is applicable and excluding the date of this Agreement, the Company shall cause its independent registered
public accounting firm to furnish the Agent letters (the “Comfort Letters”), dated the date the Comfort Letter
is delivered, which shall meet the requirements set forth in this Section 7(n); provided, that if requested by the Agent,
the Company shall cause a Comfort Letter to be furnished to the Agent within ten (10) Trading Days of the date of occurrence of any material
transaction or event requiring the filing of a Current Report on Form 8-K containing financial information ( including the restatement
of the Company’s financial statements). The Comfort Letter from the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm
shall be in a form and substance satisfactory to the Agent, (i) confirming that they are an independent registered public accounting firm
within the meaning of the Securities Act and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”), (ii) stating,
as of such date, the conclusions and findings of such firm with respect to the financial information and other matters ordinarily covered
by accountants’ “comfort letters” to underwriters in connection with registered public offerings (the first such letter,
the “Initial Comfort Letter”) and (iii) updating the Initial Comfort Letter with any information that would
have been included in the Initial Comfort Letter had it been given on such date and modified as necessary to relate to the Registration
Statement and the Prospectus, as amended and supplemented to the date of such letter. |
| (o) | Market Activities; Compliance with Regulation M. The Company will not, directly or indirectly,
(i) take any action designed to cause or result in, or that constitutes or would reasonably be expected to constitute, the stabilization
or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of Common Stock or (ii) sell, bid for,
or purchase Common Stock in violation of Regulation M, or pay anyone any compensation for soliciting purchases of the Placement Shares
other than the Agent. |
| (p) | Investment Company Act. The Company will conduct its affairs in such a manner so as to reasonably
ensure that neither it nor any of its Subsidiaries will be or become, at any time prior to the termination of this Agreement, required
to register as an “investment company,” as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act. |
| (q) | No Offer to Sell. Other than an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus approved in advance by the Company
and the Agent in its capacity as agent hereunder, neither the Agent nor the Company (including its agents and representatives, other than
the Agent in its capacity as such) will make, use, prepare, authorize, approve or refer to any written communication (as defined in Rule
405 under the Securities Act), required to be filed with the Commission, that constitutes an offer to sell or solicitation of an offer
to buy Placement Shares hereunder. |
| (r) | Blue Sky and Other Qualifications. The Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts,
in cooperation with the Agent, to qualify the Placement Shares for offering and sale, or to obtain an exemption for the Placement Shares
to be offered and sold, under the applicable securities laws of such states and other jurisdictions (domestic or foreign) as the Agent
may designate and to maintain such qualifications and exemptions in effect for so long as required for the distribution of the Placement
Shares (but in no event for less than one year from the date of this Agreement); provided, however, that the Company shall
not be obligated to file any general consent to service of process or to qualify as a foreign corporation or as a dealer in securities
in any jurisdiction in which it is not so qualified or to subject itself to taxation in respect of doing business in any jurisdiction
in which it is not otherwise so subject. In each jurisdiction in which the Placement Shares have been so qualified or exempt, the Company
will file such statements and reports as may be required by the laws of such jurisdiction to continue such qualification or exemption,
as the case may be, in effect for so long as required for the distribution of the Placement Shares (but in no event for less than one
year from the date of this Agreement). |
| (s) | Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Company and the Subsidiaries will maintain and keep accurate books and
records reflecting their assets and maintain internal accounting controls in a manner designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding
the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP and including
those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect
the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company, (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded
as necessary to permit the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP, (iii) that
receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with management’s and the Company’s directors’
authorization, and (iv) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or
disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on its financial statements. The Company and the Subsidiaries
will maintain such controls and other procedures, including, without limitation, those required by Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act, and the applicable regulations thereunder that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in
the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified
in the Commission’s rules and forms, including, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information
required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated
to the Company’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar
functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and to ensure that material information relating to
the Company or the Subsidiaries is made known to them by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which such periodic
reports are being prepared. |
| (t) | Secretary’s Certificate; Further Documentation. On or prior to the date of the first Placement
Notice, the Company shall deliver to the Agent a certificate of the Secretary of the Company and attested to by an executive officer of
the Company, dated as of such date, certifying as to (i) the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, (ii) the Bylaws of the Company,
(iii) the resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Company authorizing the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and
the issuance of the Placement Shares and (iv) the incumbency of the officers duly authorized to execute this Agreement and the other documents
contemplated by this Agreement. Within five (5) Trading Days of each Representation Date, the Company shall have furnished to the Agent
such further information, certificates and documents as the Agent may reasonably request. |
| (u) | Emerging Growth Company Status. The Company will promptly notify the Agent if the Company ceases
to be an Emerging Growth Company at any time during the term of this Agreement. |
| 8. | Payment of Expenses. The Company will pay all expenses
incident to the performance of its obligations under this Agreement, including (i) the preparation and filing of the Registration
Statement, including any fees required by the Commission, and the printing or electronic delivery of the Prospectus as originally filed
and of each amendment and supplement thereto, in such number as the Agent shall deem necessary, (ii) the printing and delivery to the
Agent of this Agreement and such other documents as may be required in connection with the offering, purchase, sale, issuance or delivery
of the Placement Shares, (iii) the preparation, issuance and delivery of the certificates, if any, for the Placement Shares to the
Agent, including any stock or other transfer taxes and any capital duties, stamp duties or other duties or taxes payable upon the sale,
issuance or delivery of the Placement Shares to the Agent, (iv) the fees and disbursements of the counsel, accountants and other
advisors to the Company, (v) the fees and expenses of Agent including but not limited to the fees and expenses of the counsel to
the Agent, payable upon the execution of this Agreement, (a) in an amount not to exceed $75,000 in connection with the execution of this
Agreement, (b) in an amount not to exceed $25,000 per calendar quarter thereafter payable in connection with each Representation Date
with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate pursuant to Section 7(l) for which no waiver is applicable
and excluding the date of this Agreement, and (c) in an amount not to exceed $40,000 for each program “refresh” (filing of
a new registration statement, prospectus or prospectus supplement relating to the Placement Shares and/or an amendment of this Agreement)
executed pursuant to this Agreement, (vi) the qualification or exemption of the Placement Shares under state securities laws in
accordance with the provisions of Section 7(r) hereof, including filing fees, but excluding fees of the Agent’s counsel,
(vii) the printing and delivery to the Agent of copies of any Permitted Issuer Free Writing Prospectus and the Prospectus and any
amendments or supplements thereto in such number as the Agent shall deem necessary, (viii) the preparation, printing and delivery
to the Agent of copies of the blue sky survey, (ix) the fees and expenses of the transfer agent and registrar for the Common Stock,
(x) the filing and other fees incident to any review by FINRA of the terms of the sale of the Placement Shares including the reasonable
and documented fees of the Agent’s counsel (subject to the cap, set forth in clause (v) above), and (xi) the fees and expenses
incurred in connection with the listing of the Placement Shares on the Exchange. The Company agrees to pay the fees and expenses of counsel
to the Agent set forth in clause (v) above by wire transfer of immediately available funds directly to such counsel upon presentation
of an invoice setting forth such counsel’s reasonable and documented fees and expenses and containing the requisite payment information
prepared by such counsel. |
| 9. | Conditions to Agent’s Obligations. The obligations of the Agent hereunder with respect to
a Placement will be subject to the continuing accuracy and completeness of the representations and warranties made by the Company herein,
to the due performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder, to the completion by the Agent of a due diligence review satisfactory
to it in its reasonable judgment, and to the continuing satisfaction (or waiver by the Agent in its sole discretion) of the following
additional conditions: |
| (a) | Registration Statement Effective. The Registration Statement shall have become effective and shall
be available for the (i) resale of all Placement Shares issued to the Agent and not yet sold by the Agent and (ii) sale of all Placement
Shares contemplated to be issued by any Placement Notice. |
| (b) | No Material Notices. None of the following events shall have occurred and be continuing: (i) receipt
by the Company of any request for additional information from the Commission or any other federal or state Governmental Authority during
the period of effectiveness of the Registration Statement, the response to which would require any post-effective amendments or supplements
to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus; (ii) the issuance by the Commission or any other federal or state Governmental Authority
of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the initiation of any proceedings for that purpose; (iii) receipt
by the Company of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification or exemption from qualification of any of the Placement
Shares for sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose; or (iv) the occurrence of
any event that makes any statement of a material fact made in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or any document incorporated
or deemed to be incorporated therein by reference untrue or that requires the making of any changes in the Registration Statement, the
Prospectus or documents so that, in the case of the Registration Statement, it will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact
or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading and, that
in the case of the Prospectus, it will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to
be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. |
| (c) | No Misstatement or Material Omission. Agent shall not have advised the Company that the Registration
Statement or Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, contains an untrue statement of fact that in the Agent’s reasonable
opinion is material, or omits to state a fact that in the Agent’s reasonable opinion is material and is required to be stated therein
or is necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. |
| (d) | Material Changes. Except as contemplated in the Prospectus, or disclosed in the Company’s
reports filed with the Commission, there shall not have been any material adverse change in the authorized capital stock of the Company
or any Material Adverse Effect or any development that would cause a Material Adverse Effect, or a downgrading in or withdrawal of the
rating assigned to any of the Company’s securities (other than asset backed securities) by any rating organization or a public announcement
by any rating organization that it has under surveillance or review its rating of any of the Company’s securities (other than asset
backed securities), the effect of which, in the case of any such action by a rating organization described above, in the reasonable judgment
of the Agent (without relieving the Company of any obligation or liability it may otherwise have), is so material as to make it impracticable
or inadvisable to proceed with the offering of the Placement Shares on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Prospectus. |
| (e) | Legal Opinions. The Agent shall have received the opinions and negative assurance letters required
to be delivered pursuant to Section 7(m) on or before the date on which such delivery of such opinions is required pursuant to
Section 7(m). |
| (f) | Comfort Letter. The Agent shall have received the Comfort Letter required to be delivered pursuant
to Section 7(n) on or before the date on which such delivery of such Comfort Letter is required pursuant to Section 7(n). |
| (g) | Representation Certificate. The Agent shall have received the certificate required to be delivered
pursuant to Section 7(l) on or before the date on which delivery of such certificate is required pursuant to Section 7(l). |
| (h) | No Suspension. Trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended on the Exchange and the
Common Stock shall not have been delisted from the Exchange. |
| (i) | Other Materials. On each date on which the Company is required to deliver a certificate pursuant
to Section 7(l), the Company shall have furnished to the Agent such appropriate further information, opinions, certificates, letters
and other documents as the Agent may reasonably request. All such opinions, certificates, letters and other documents will be in compliance
with the provisions hereof. |
| (j) | Securities Act Filings Made. All filings with the Commission required by Rule 424 under the Securities
Act to have been filed prior to the issuance of any Placement Notice hereunder shall have been made within the applicable time period
prescribed for such filing by Rule 424. |
| (k) | Approval for Listing. The Placement Shares shall either have been (i) approved for listing on the
Exchange, subject only to notice of issuance, or (ii) the Company shall have filed an application for listing of the Placement Shares
on the Exchange at, or prior to, the issuance of any Placement Notice and the Exchange shall have reviewed such application and not provided
any objections thereto. |
| (l) | FINRA. If applicable, FINRA shall have raised no objection to the terms of this offering and the
amount of compensation allowable or payable to the Agent as described in the Prospectus. |
| (m) | No Termination Event. There shall not have occurred any event that would permit the Agent to terminate
this Agreement pursuant to Section 12(a). |
| 10. | Indemnification and Contribution. |
(a)
Company Indemnification. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Agent, its affiliates and their respective
partners, members, directors, officers, employees and agents and each person, if any, who controls the Agent or any affiliate within the
meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act as follows:
(i)
against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, joint or several, arising out of or based
upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto),
or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein
not misleading, or arising out of any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact included in any related Issuer Free
Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material
fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;
(ii)
against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, joint or several, to the extent of the
aggregate amount paid in settlement of any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any Governmental Authority, commenced or
threatened, or of any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission;
provided that (subject to Section 10(d) below) any such settlement is effected with the written consent of the Company,
which consent shall not unreasonably be delayed or withheld; and
(iii)
against any and all expense whatsoever, as incurred (including the reasonable and documented fees and disbursements of counsel),
reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any Governmental
Authority, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue
statement or omission (whether or not a party), to the extent that any such expense is not paid under (i) or (ii) above,
provided,
however, that this indemnity agreement shall not apply to any loss, liability, claim, damage or expense to the extent arising out
of any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made solely in reliance upon and in conformity with the Agent
Information (as defined below).
(b)
Agent Indemnification. Agent agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company and its directors and each officer of the
Company who signed the Registration Statement, and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the
Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense described in the indemnity
contained in Section 10(a), as incurred, but only with respect to untrue statements or omissions, or alleged untrue statements
or omissions, made in the Registration Statement (or any amendments thereto), the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto)
or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating
to the Agent and furnished to the Company in writing by the Agent expressly for use therein. The Company hereby acknowledges that the
only information that the Agent has furnished to the Company expressly for use in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, any Prospectus
Supplement or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) are the statements set forth in the seventh
and eighth paragraphs under the caption “Plan of Distribution” in the Prospectus (the “Agent Information”).
(c)
Procedure. Any party that proposes to assert the right to be indemnified under this Section 10 will, promptly after
receipt of notice of commencement of any action against such party in respect of which a claim is to be made against an indemnifying party
or parties under this Section 10, notify each such indemnifying party of the commencement of such action, enclosing a copy of all
papers served, but the omission so to notify such indemnifying party will not relieve the indemnifying party from (i) any liability
that it might have to any indemnified party otherwise than under this Section 10 and (ii) any liability that it may have to
any indemnified party under the foregoing provision of this Section 10 unless, and only to the extent that, such omission results
in the forfeiture of substantive rights or defenses by the indemnifying party. If any such action is brought against any indemnified party
and it notifies the indemnifying party of its commencement, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate in and, to the extent
that it elects by delivering written notice to the indemnified party promptly after receiving notice of the commencement of the action
from the indemnified party, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense of the action, with counsel
reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party, and after notice from the indemnifying party to the indemnified party of its election
to assume the defense, the indemnifying party will not be liable to the indemnified party for any other legal expenses except as provided
below and except for the reasonable costs of investigation subsequently incurred by the indemnified party in connection with the defense.
The indemnified party will have the right to employ its own counsel in any such action, but the fees, expenses and other charges of such
counsel will be at the expense of such indemnified party unless (1) the employment of counsel by the indemnified party has been authorized
in writing by the indemnifying party, (2) the indemnified party has reasonably concluded (based on advice of counsel) that there
may be legal defenses available to it or other indemnified parties that are different from or in addition to those available to the indemnifying
party, (3) a conflict or potential conflict exists (based on advice of counsel to the indemnified party) between the indemnified
party and the indemnifying party (in which case the indemnifying party will not have the right to direct the defense of such action on
behalf of the indemnified party) or (4) the indemnifying party has not in fact employed counsel to assume the defense of such action
or counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party, in each case, within a reasonable time after receiving notice of the commencement
of the action; in each of which cases the reasonable fees, disbursements and other charges of counsel will be at the expense of the indemnifying
party or parties. It is understood that the indemnifying party or parties shall not, in connection with any proceeding or related proceedings
in the same jurisdiction, be liable for the reasonable fees, disbursements and other charges of more than one separate firm (plus local
counsel) admitted to practice in such jurisdiction at any one time for all such indemnified party or parties. All such fees, disbursements
and other charges will be reimbursed by the indemnifying party promptly as they are incurred. An indemnifying party will not, in any event,
be liable for any settlement of any action or claim effected without its written consent. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior
written consent of each indemnified party, settle or compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment in any pending or threatened claim,
action or proceeding relating to the matters contemplated by this Section 10 (whether or not any indemnified party is a party thereto),
unless such settlement, compromise or consent (1) includes an express and unconditional release of each indemnified party, in form
and substance reasonably satisfactory to such indemnified party, from all liability arising out of such litigation, investigation, proceeding
or claim and (2) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of
any indemnified party.
(d)
Settlement Without Consent if Failure to Reimburse. If an indemnified party shall have requested an indemnifying
party to reimburse the indemnified party for reasonable fees and expenses of counsel, such indemnifying party agrees that it shall be
liable for any settlement of the nature contemplated by Section 10(a)(ii) effected without its written consent if (1) such
settlement is entered into more than 45 days after receipt by such indemnifying party of the aforesaid request, (2) such indemnifying
party shall have received notice of the terms of such settlement at least 30 days prior to such settlement being entered into and (3) such
indemnifying party shall not have reimbursed such indemnified party in accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement.
(e)
Contribution. In order to provide for just and equitable contribution in circumstances in which the indemnification provided
for in the foregoing paragraphs of this Section 10 is applicable in accordance with its terms but for any reason is held to be
unavailable or insufficient from the Company or the Agent, the Company and the Agent will contribute to the total losses, claims, liabilities,
expenses and damages (including any investigative, legal and other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with, and any amount paid
in settlement of, any action, suit or proceeding or any claim asserted) to which the Company and the Agent may be subject in such proportion
as shall be appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Agent on the other hand. The
relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Agent on the other hand shall be deemed to be in the same proportion
as the total net proceeds from the sale of the Placement Shares (before deducting expenses) received by the Company bear to the total
compensation received by the Agent from the sale of Placement Shares on behalf of the Company. If, but only if, the allocation provided
by the foregoing sentence is not permitted by applicable law, the allocation of contribution shall be made in such proportion as is appropriate
to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in the foregoing sentence but also the relative fault of the Company, on the one
hand, and the Agent, on the other hand, with respect to the statements or omission that resulted in such loss, claim, liability, expense
or damage, or action in respect thereof, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations with respect to such offering. Such relative
fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission
or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or the Agent, the intent of the parties and
their relative knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The Company and the
Agent agree that it would not be just and equitable if contributions pursuant to this Section 10(e) were to be determined by pro
rata allocation or by any other method of allocation that does not take into account the equitable considerations referred to herein.
The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the loss, claim, liability, expense, or damage, or action in respect
thereof, referred to above in this Section 10(e) shall be deemed to include, for the purpose of this Section 10(e), any
legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any such action or
claim to the extent consistent with Section 10(c) hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 10(e),
the Agent shall not be required to contribute any amount in excess of the commissions received by it under this Agreement and no person
found guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) will be entitled to contribution
from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. For purposes of this Section 10(e), any person who controls
a party to this Agreement within the meaning of the Securities Act, any affiliates of the Agent and any officers, directors, partners,
employees or agents of the Agent or any of its affiliates, will have the same rights to contribution as that party, and each director
of the Company and each officer of the Company who signed the Registration Statement will have the same rights to contribution as the
Company, subject in each case to the provisions hereof. Any party entitled to contribution, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement
of any action against such party in respect of which a claim for contribution may be made under this Section 10(e), will notify
any such party or parties from whom contribution may be sought, but the omission to so notify will not relieve that party or parties from
whom contribution may be sought from any other obligation it or they may have under this Section 10(e) except to the extent that
the failure to so notify such other party materially prejudiced the substantive rights or defenses of the party from whom contribution
is sought. Except for a settlement entered into pursuant to the last sentence of Section 10(c) hereof, no party will be liable
for contribution with respect to any action or claim settled without its written consent if such consent is required pursuant to Section
10(c) hereof.
| 11. | Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery. The indemnity and contribution agreements contained
in Section 10 of this Agreement and all representations and warranties of the Company herein or in certificates delivered pursuant
hereto shall survive, as of their respective dates, regardless of (i) any investigation made by or on behalf of the Agent, any controlling
persons, or the Company (or any of their respective officers, directors, employees or controlling persons), (ii) delivery and acceptance
of the Placement Shares and payment therefor or (iii) any termination of this Agreement. |
| (a) | The Agent may terminate this Agreement, by notice to the Company, as hereinafter specified at any time
(1) if there has been, since the time of execution of this Agreement or since the date as of which information is given in the Prospectus,
any change, or any development or event involving a prospective change, in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the business,
properties, earnings, results of operations or prospects of the Company and its Subsidiaries considered as one enterprise, whether or
not arising in the ordinary course of business, which individually or in the aggregate, in the sole judgment of the Agent is material
and adverse and makes it impractical or inadvisable to market the Placement Shares or to enforce contracts for the sale of the Placement
Shares, (2) if there has occurred any material adverse change in the financial markets in the United States or the international
financial markets, any outbreak of hostilities or escalation thereof or other calamity or crisis or any change or development involving
a prospective change in national or international political, financial or economic conditions, in each case the effect of which is such
as to make it, in the judgment of the Agent, impracticable or inadvisable to market the Placement Shares or to enforce contracts for the
sale of the Placement Shares, (3) if trading in the Common Stock has been suspended or limited by the Commission or the Exchange,
or if trading generally on the Exchange has been suspended or limited, or minimum prices for trading have been fixed on the Exchange,
(4) if any suspension of trading of any securities of the Company on any exchange or in the over-the-counter market shall have occurred
and be continuing, (5) if a major disruption of securities settlements or clearance services in the United States shall have occurred
and be continuing, or (6) if a banking moratorium has been declared by either U.S. Federal or New York authorities. Any such termination
shall be without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of Section 8 (Payment of Expenses), Section
10 (Indemnification and Contribution), Section 11 (Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery), Section 17 (Governing
Law and Time; Waiver of Jury Trial) and Section 18 (Consent to Jurisdiction) hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding
such termination. If the Agent elects to terminate this Agreement as provided in this Section 12(a), the Agent shall provide the
required notice as specified in Section 13 (Notices). |
| (b) | The Company shall have the right, by giving ten (10) days’ notice as hereinafter specified to terminate
this Agreement in its sole discretion at any time after the date of this Agreement. Any such termination shall be without liability of
any party to any other party except that the provisions of Section 8, Section 10, Section 11, Section 17 and
Section 18 hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination. |
| (c) | The Agent shall have the right, by giving ten (10) days’ notice as hereinafter specified to terminate
this Agreement in its sole discretion at any time after the date of this Agreement. Any such termination shall be without liability of
any party to any other party except that the provisions of Section 8, Section 10, Section 11, Section 17 and
Section 18 hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination. |
| (d) | This Agreement shall remain in full force and effect unless terminated pursuant to Sections 12(a),
(b), or (c) above or otherwise by mutual agreement of the parties; provided, however, that any such termination
by mutual agreement shall in all cases be deemed to provide that Section 8, Section 10, Section 11, Section 17
and Section 18 shall remain in full force and effect. |
| (e) | Any termination of this Agreement shall be effective on the date specified in such notice of termination;
provided, however, that such termination shall not be effective until the close of business on the date of receipt of such
notice by the Agent or the Company, as the case may be. If such termination shall occur prior to the Settlement Date for any sale of Placement
Shares, such Placement Shares shall settle in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement. |
| 13. | Notices. All notices or other communications required or permitted to be given by any party to
any other party pursuant to the terms of this Agreement shall be in writing, unless otherwise specified, and if sent to the Agent, shall
be delivered to: |
Cantor Fitzgerald &
Co.
110 E 59th
Street
New York, NY 10022
| Attention: | Capital Markets |
and:
Cantor Fitzgerald &
Co.
110 E 59th
Street
New York, NY 10022
| Attention: | General Counsel |
with a copy to:
Cooley LLP
55 Hudson Yards
New York, NY 10001
| Attention: | Daniel I. Goldberg |
and if to the Company,
shall be delivered to:
Sagimet Biosciences
Inc.
155 Bovet Rd, Suite
303
San Mateo, CA 94402
| Attention: | General Counsel |
Email: [***]
with a copy to:
Goodwin Procter LLP
One Commerce Square,
2005 Market St., 32nd Floor
Philadelphia, PA 19103
| Attention: | Rachael Bushey and Jennifer Porter |
Email: [***]
Each party to this Agreement
may change such address for notices by sending to the parties to this Agreement written notice of a new address for such purpose. Each
such notice or other communication shall be deemed given (i) when delivered personally or by verifiable facsimile transmission (with
an original to follow) on or before 4:30 p.m., New York City time, on a Business Day or, if such day is not a Business Day, on the
next succeeding Business Day, (ii) by Electronic Notice, as set forth below, (iii) on the next Business Day after timely delivery
to a nationally-recognized overnight courier or (iv) on the Business Day actually received if deposited in the U.S. mail (certified
or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid). For purposes of this Agreement, “Business Day”
shall mean any day on which the Exchange and commercial banks in the City of New York are open for business.
An electronic communication
(“Electronic Notice”) shall be deemed written notice for purposes of this Section 13 if sent to the electronic
mail address specified by the receiving party under separate cover. Electronic Notice shall be deemed received at the time the party sending
Electronic Notice receives verification of receipt by the receiving party. Any party receiving Electronic Notice may request and shall
be entitled to receive the notice on paper, in a nonelectronic form (“Nonelectronic Notice”) which shall be
sent to the requesting party within ten (10) days of receipt of the written request for Nonelectronic Notice.
| 14. | Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall inure to
the benefit of and be binding upon the Company and the Agent and their respective successors and the parties referred to in Section 10
hereof. References to any of the parties contained in this Agreement shall be deemed to include the successors and permitted assigns
of such party. Nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to confer upon any party other than the parties hereto or their
respective successors and permitted assigns any rights, remedies, obligations or liabilities under or by reason of this Agreement, except
as expressly provided in this Agreement. Neither party may assign its rights or obligations under this Agreement without the prior written
consent of the other party; provided, however, that the Agent may assign its rights and obligations hereunder to an affiliate
thereof without obtaining the Company’s consent, so long as such affiliate is a registered broker-dealer and the Agent provides
advanced notice of such assignment to the Company. |
| 15. | Adjustments for Stock Splits. The parties acknowledge and agree that all share-related numbers
contained in this Agreement shall be adjusted to take into account any stock split, stock dividend or similar event effected with respect
to the Placement Shares. |
| 16. | Entire Agreement; Amendment; Severability; Waiver. This Agreement (including all schedules and
exhibits attached hereto and Placement Notices issued pursuant hereto) constitutes the entire agreement and supersedes all other prior
and contemporaneous agreements and undertakings, both written and oral, among the parties hereto with regard to the subject matter hereof.
Neither this Agreement nor any term hereof may be amended except pursuant to a written instrument executed by the Company and the Agent.
In the event that any one or more of the provisions contained herein, or the application thereof in any circumstance, is held invalid,
illegal or unenforceable as written by a court of competent jurisdiction, then such provision shall be given full force and effect to
the fullest possible extent that it is valid, legal and enforceable, and the remainder of the terms and provisions herein shall be construed
as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable term or provision was not contained herein, but only to the extent that giving effect to
such provision and the remainder of the terms and provisions hereof shall be in accordance with the intent of the parties as reflected
in this Agreement. No implied waiver by a party shall arise in the absence of a waiver in writing signed by such party. No failure or
delay in exercising any right, power, or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise
thereof preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any right, power, or privilege hereunder. |
| 17. | GOVERNING LAW AND TIME; WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED
IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT REGARD TO THE PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAWS. SPECIFIED TIMES OF DAY REFER
TO NEW YORK CITY TIME. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL
BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY. |
| 18. | CONSENT TO JURISDICTION. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY SUBMITS TO THE EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION
OF THE STATE AND FEDERAL COURTS SITTING IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN, FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR
IN CONNECTION WITH ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY, AND HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, AND AGREES NOT TO ASSERT IN ANY SUIT, ACTION OR
PROCEEDING, ANY CLAIM THAT IT IS NOT PERSONALLY SUBJECT TO THE JURISDICTION OF ANY SUCH COURT, THAT SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING IS
BROUGHT IN AN INCONVENIENT FORUM OR THAT THE VENUE OF SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING IS IMPROPER. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES
PERSONAL SERVICE OF PROCESS AND CONSENTS TO PROCESS BEING SERVED IN ANY SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING BY MAILING A COPY THEREOF (CERTIFIED
OR REGISTERED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED) TO SUCH PARTY AT THE ADDRESS IN EFFECT FOR NOTICES TO IT UNDER THIS AGREEMENT AND AGREES
THAT SUCH SERVICE SHALL CONSTITUTE GOOD AND SUFFICIENT SERVICE OF PROCESS AND NOTICE THEREOF. NOTHING CONTAINED HEREIN SHALL BE DEEMED
TO LIMIT IN ANY WAY ANY RIGHT TO SERVE PROCESS IN ANY MANNER PERMITTED BY LAW. |
| 19. | Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be
deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. Delivery of an executed Agreement by one party
to the other may be made by facsimile, electronic mail (including any electronic signature covered by the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000,
Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, the Electronic Signatures and Records Act or other applicable law, e.g., www.docusign.com) or other
transmission method and any counterpart so delivered shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and be valid and effective
for all purposes. |
| 20. | Construction. The section and exhibit headings herein are for convenience only and shall not
affect the construction hereof. References herein to any law, statute, ordinance, code, regulation, rule or other requirement of any Governmental
Authority shall be deemed to refer to such law, statute, ordinance, code, regulation, rule or other requirement of any Governmental Authority
as amended, reenacted, supplemented or superseded in whole or in part and in effect from time to time and also to all rules and regulations
promulgated thereunder. |
| 21. | Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses. The Company represents,
warrants and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior written consent of the Agent, and the Agent represents, warrants and agrees that,
unless it obtains the prior written consent of the Company, it has not made and will not make any offer relating to the Placement Shares
that would constitute an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or that would otherwise constitute a “free writing prospectus,”
as defined in Rule 405, required to be filed with the Commission. Any such free writing prospectus consented to by the Agent or
by the Company, as the case may be, is hereinafter referred to as a “Permitted Free Writing Prospectus.” The Company represents
and warrants that it has treated and agrees that it will treat each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as an “issuer free writing
prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433, and has complied and will comply with the requirements of Rule 433 applicable to
any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, including timely filing with the Commission where required, legending and record keeping. For
the purposes of clarity, the parties hereto agree that all free writing prospectuses, if any, listed in Exhibit 21 hereto
are Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses. |
| 22. | Absence of Fiduciary Relationship. The Company acknowledges and agrees that: |
| (a) | the Agent is acting solely as agent in connection with the public offering of the Placement Shares and
in connection with each transaction contemplated by this Agreement and the process leading to such transactions, and no fiduciary or advisory
relationship between the Company or any of its respective affiliates, stockholders (or other equity holders), creditors or employees or
any other party, on the one hand, and the Agent, on the other hand, has been or will be created in respect of any of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement, irrespective of whether or not the Agent has advised or is advising the Company on other matters, and
the Agent has no obligation to the Company with respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement except the obligations expressly
set forth in this Agreement; |
| (b) | it is capable of evaluating and understanding, and understands and accepts, the terms, risks and conditions
of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement; |
| (c) | neither the Agent nor its affiliates have provided any legal, accounting, regulatory or tax advice with
respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and it has consulted its own legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors
to the extent it has deemed appropriate; |
| (d) | it is aware that the Agent and its affiliates are engaged in a broad range of transactions which may involve
interests that differ from those of the Company and the Agent and its affiliates have no obligation to disclose such interests and transactions
to the Company by virtue of any fiduciary, advisory or agency relationship or otherwise; and |
| (e) | it waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims it may have against the Agent or its affiliates
for breach of fiduciary duty or alleged breach of fiduciary duty in connection with the sale of Placement Shares under this Agreement
and agrees that the Agent and its affiliates shall not have any liability (whether direct or indirect, in contract, tort or otherwise)
to it in respect of such a fiduciary duty claim or to any person asserting a fiduciary duty claim on its behalf or in right of it or the
Company, employees or creditors of Company. |
| 23. | Definitions. As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the respective meanings set forth
below: |
“Applicable Time”
means (i) each Representation Date, (ii) the time of each sale of any Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement and (iii) each Settlement
Date.
“Governmental
Authority” means (i) any federal, provincial, state, local, municipal, national or international government or governmental
authority, regulatory or administrative agency, governmental commission, department, board, bureau, agency or instrumentality, court,
tribunal, arbitrator or arbitral body (public or private); (ii) any self-regulatory organization; or (iii) any political subdivision of
any of the foregoing.
“Issuer Free Writing
Prospectus” means any “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433, relating to the Placement
Shares that (1) is required to be filed with the Commission by the Company, (2) is a “road show” that is a “written
communication” within the meaning of Rule 433(d)(8)(i) whether or not required to be filed with the Commission, or (3) is
exempt from filing pursuant to Rule 433(d)(5)(i) because it contains a description of the Placement Shares or of the offering that
does not reflect the final terms, in each case in the form filed or required to be filed with the Commission or, if not required to be
filed, in the form retained in the Company’s records pursuant to Rule 433(g) under the Securities Act Regulations.
“Rule 164,”
“Rule 172,” “Rule 405,” “Rule 415,” “Rule 424,”
“Rule 424(b),” “Rule 430B,” and “Rule 433”
refer to such rules under the Securities Act Regulations.
All
references in this Agreement to financial statements and schedules and other information that is “contained,” “included”
or “stated” in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus (and all other references of like import) shall be deemed to mean
and include all such financial statements and schedules and other information that is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement
or the Prospectus, as the case may be.
All references in this Agreement
to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing shall be deemed to include the copy
filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR; all references in this Agreement to any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (other than any Issuer
Free Writing Prospectuses that, pursuant to Rule 433, are not required to be filed with the Commission) shall be deemed to include
the copy thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR; and all references in this Agreement to “supplements” to the
Prospectus shall include, without limitation, any supplements, “wrappers” or similar materials prepared in connection with
any offering, sale or private placement of any Placement Shares by the Agent outside of the United States.
[Signature Page Follows]
If the foregoing correctly
sets forth the understanding between the Company and the Agent, please so indicate in the space provided below for that purpose, whereupon
this letter shall constitute a binding agreement between the Company and the Agent.
| |
Very truly yours, |
| |
|
| |
SAGIMET BIOSCIENCES INC.
|
| |
|
| |
By: |
/s/ David Happel |
| |
|
Name: David Happel |
| |
|
Title: President and Chief Executive Officer |
| |
ACCEPTED as of the date first-above written: |
| |
CANTOR FITZGERALD & CO.
|
| |
|
| |
By: |
/s/ Sameer Vasudev |
| |
|
Name: |
Sameer Vasudev |
| |
|
Title: |
Managing Director |
Exhibit 4.6
SAGIMET BIOSCIENCES INC.
INDENTURE
Dated as of [ ·
], 20[ · ]
[
· ]
Trustee
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| |
Page |
| ARTICLE I. DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE |
1 |
| Section 1.1. |
Definitions |
1 |
| Section 1.2. |
Other Definitions |
3 |
| Section 1.3. |
Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act |
4 |
| Section 1.4. |
Rules of Construction |
4 |
| ARTICLE II. THE SECURITIES |
4 |
| Section 2.1. |
Issuable in Series |
4 |
| Section 2.2. |
Establishment of Terms of Series of Securities |
4 |
| Section 2.3. |
Execution and Authentication |
6 |
| Section 2.4. |
Registrar, Paying Agent and Notice Agent |
7 |
| Section 2.5. |
Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust |
7 |
| Section 2.6. |
Holder Lists |
8 |
| Section 2.7. |
Transfer and Exchange |
8 |
| Section 2.8. |
Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities |
8 |
| Section 2.9. |
Outstanding Securities |
9 |
| Section 2.10. |
Treasury Securities |
9 |
| Section 2.11. |
Temporary Securities |
9 |
| Section 2.12. |
Cancellation |
10 |
| Section 2.13. |
Defaulted Interest |
10 |
| Section 2.14. |
Global Securities |
10 |
| Section 2.15. |
CUSIP Numbers |
11 |
| ARTICLE III. REDEMPTION |
12 |
| Section 3.1. |
Notice to Trustee |
12 |
| Section 3.2. |
Selection of Securities to be Redeemed |
12 |
| Section 3.3. |
Notice of Redemption |
12 |
| Section 3.4. |
Effect of Notice of Redemption |
13 |
| Section 3.5. |
Deposit of Redemption Price |
13 |
| Section 3.6. |
Securities Redeemed in Part |
13 |
| ARTICLE IV. COVENANTS |
13 |
| Section 4.1. |
Payment of Principal and Interest |
13 |
| Section 4.2. |
SEC Reports |
13 |
| Section 4.3. |
Compliance Certificate |
14 |
| Section 4.4. |
Stay, Extension and Usury Laws |
14 |
| ARTICLE V. SUCCESSORS |
14 |
| Section 5.1. |
When Company May Merge, Etc. |
14 |
| Section 5.2. |
Successor Corporation Substituted |
15 |
| ARTICLE VI. DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES |
15 |
| Section 6.1. |
Events of Default |
15 |
| Section 6.2. |
Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment |
16 |
| Section 6.3. |
Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee |
16 |
| Section 6.4. |
Trustee May File Proofs of Claim |
17 |
| Section 6.5. |
Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities |
17 |
| Section 6.6. |
Application of Money Collected |
17 |
| Section 6.7. |
Limitation on Suits |
18 |
| Section 6.8. |
Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and Interest |
18 |
| Section 6.9. |
Restoration of Rights and Remedies |
18 |
| Section 6.10. |
Rights and Remedies Cumulative |
19 |
| Section 6.11. |
Delay or Omission Not Waiver |
19 |
| Section 6.12. |
Control by Holders |
19 |
| Section 6.13. |
Waiver of Past Defaults |
19 |
| Section 6.14. |
Undertaking for Costs |
19 |
| ARTICLE VII. TRUSTEE |
20 |
| Section 7.1. |
Duties of Trustee |
20 |
| Section 7.2. |
Rights of Trustee |
21 |
| Section 7.3. |
Individual Rights of Trustee |
22 |
| Section 7.4. |
Trustee’s Disclaimer |
22 |
| Section 7.5. |
Notice of Defaults |
22 |
| Section 7.6. |
Reports by Trustee to Holders |
22 |
| Section 7.7. |
Compensation and Indemnity |
22 |
| Section 7.8. |
Replacement of Trustee |
23 |
| Section 7.9. |
Successor Trustee by Merger, Etc. |
24 |
| Section 7.10. |
Eligibility; Disqualification |
24 |
| Section 7.11. |
Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company |
24 |
| ARTICLE VIII. SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE |
24 |
| Section 8.1. |
Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture |
24 |
| Section 8.2. |
Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification |
25 |
| Section 8.3. |
Legal Defeasance of Securities of any Series |
25 |
| Section 8.4. |
Covenant Defeasance |
26 |
| Section 8.5. |
Repayment to Company |
27 |
| Section 8.6. |
Reinstatement |
27 |
| ARTICLE IX. AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS |
28 |
| Section 9.1. |
Without Consent of Holders |
28 |
| Section 9.2. |
With Consent of Holders |
28 |
| Section 9.3. |
Limitations |
29 |
| Section 9.4. |
Compliance with Trust Indenture Act |
29 |
| Section 9.5. |
Revocation and Effect of Consents |
29 |
| Section 9.6. |
Notation on or Exchange of Securities |
30 |
| Section 9.7. |
Trustee Protected |
30 |
| ARTICLE X. MISCELLANEOUS |
30 |
| Section 10.1. |
Trust Indenture Act Controls |
30 |
| Section 10.2. |
Notices |
30 |
| Section 10.3. |
Communication by Holders with Other Holders |
31 |
| Section 10.4. |
Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent |
31 |
| Section 10.5. |
Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion |
31 |
| Section 10.6. |
Rules by Trustee and Agents |
32 |
| Section 10.7. |
Legal Holidays |
32 |
| Section 10.8. |
No Recourse Against Others |
32 |
| Section 10.9. |
Counterparts |
32 |
| Section 10.10. |
Governing Law; Waiver of Jury Trial; Consent to Jurisdiction |
32 |
| Section 10.11. |
No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements |
33 |
| Section 10.12. |
Successors |
33 |
| Section 10.13. |
Severability |
33 |
| Section 10.14. |
Table of Contents, Headings, Etc. |
33 |
| Section 10.15. |
Securities in a Foreign Currency |
33 |
| Section 10.16. |
Judgment Currency |
34 |
| Section 10.17. |
Force Majeure |
34 |
| Section 10.18. |
U.S.A. Patriot Act |
34 |
| ARTICLE XI. SINKING FUNDS |
34 |
| Section 11.1. |
Applicability of Article |
34 |
| Section 11.2. |
Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities |
35 |
| Section 11.3. |
Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund |
35 |
SAGIMET BIOSCIENCES INC.
Reconciliation and tie between Trust Indenture
Act of 1939 and
Indenture, dated as of [·],
20[·]
| § 310(a)(1) |
|
7.10 |
| (a)(2) |
|
7.10 |
| (a)(3) |
|
Not Applicable |
| (a)(4) |
|
Not Applicable |
| (a)(5) |
|
7.10 |
| (b) |
|
7.10 |
| § 311(a) |
|
7.11 |
| (b) |
|
7.11 |
| (c) |
|
Not Applicable |
| § 312(a) |
|
2.6 |
| (b) |
|
10.3 |
| (c) |
|
10.3 |
| § 313(a) |
|
7.6 |
| (b)(1) |
|
7.6 |
| (b)(2) |
|
7.6 |
| (c)(1) |
|
7.6 |
| (d) |
|
7.6 |
| § 314(a) |
|
4.2, 10.5 |
| (b) |
|
Not Applicable |
| (c)(1) |
|
10.4 |
| (c)(2) |
|
10.4 |
| (c)(3) |
|
Not Applicable |
| (d) |
|
Not Applicable |
| (e) |
|
10.5 |
| (f) |
|
Not Applicable |
| § 315(a) |
|
7.1 |
| (b) |
|
7.5 |
| (c) |
|
7.1 |
| (d) |
|
7.1 |
| (e) |
|
6.14 |
| § 316(a) |
|
2.10 |
| (a)(1)(A) |
|
6.12 |
| (a)(1)(B) |
|
6.13 |
| (b) |
|
6.8 |
| § 317(a)(1) |
|
6.3 |
| (a)(2) |
|
6.4 |
| (b) |
|
2.5 |
| § 318(a) |
|
10.1 |
Note: This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed
to be part of the Indenture.
Indenture dated as of [·],
20[·] between Sagimet Biosciences Inc., a company incorporated under the laws of the State
of Delaware (“Company”), and [·] (“Trustee”).
Each party agrees as follows for the benefit of
the other party and for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities issued under this Indenture.
ARTICLE I.
DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
Section 1.1. Definitions.
“Additional Amounts” means
any additional amounts which are required hereby or by any Security, under circumstances specified herein or therein, to be paid by the
Company in respect of certain taxes imposed on Holders specified herein or therein and which are owing to such Holders.
“Affiliate” of any specified
person means any other person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under common control with such specified person.
For the purposes of this definition, “control” (including, with correlative meanings, the terms “controlled by”
and “under common control with”), as used with respect to any person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly,
of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such person, whether through the ownership of voting securities
or by agreement or otherwise.
“Agent” means any Registrar,
Paying Agent or Notice Agent.
“Board of Directors” means
the board of directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee thereof.
“Board Resolution” means a
copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been adopted by the Board of Directors
or pursuant to authorization by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of the certificate and delivered
to the Trustee.
“Business Day” means any day
except a Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday in the City of New York, New York (or in connection with any payment, the place of payment)
on which banking institutions are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close.
“Capital Stock” means any and
all shares, interests, participations, rights or other equivalents (however designated) of corporate stock.
“Company” means the party named
as such above until a successor replaces it and thereafter means the successor.
“Company Order” means a written
order signed in the name of the Company by an Officer and delivered to the Trustee.
“Corporate Trust Office” means
the office of the Trustee at which at any particular time its corporate trust business related to this Indenture shall be principally
administered.
“Default” means any event which
is, or after notice, passage of time or both would be, an Event of Default.
“Depositary” means, with respect
to the Securities of any Series issuable or issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities, the person
designated as Depositary for such Series by the Company, which Depositary shall be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange
Act; and if at any time there is more than one such person, “Depositary” as used with respect to the Securities of any Series shall
mean the Depositary with respect to the Securities of such Series.
“Discount Security” means any
Security that provides for an amount less than the stated principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon declaration of acceleration
of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2.
“Dollars” and “$”
means the currency of the United States of America.
“Exchange Act” means the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
“Foreign Currency” means any
currency or currency unit issued by a government other than the government of the United States of America.
“Foreign Government Obligations”
means, with respect to Securities of any Series that are denominated in a Foreign Currency, direct obligations of, or obligations
guaranteed by, the government that issued or caused to be issued such currency for the payment of which obligations its full faith and
credit is pledged and which are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof.
“GAAP” means generally accepted
accounting principles in the United States of America set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board
of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board
or in such other statements by such other entity as have been approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession, which are
in effect as of the date of determination.
“Global Security” or “Global
Securities” means a Security or Securities, as the case may be, in the form established pursuant to Section 2.2 evidencing
all or part of a Series of Securities, issued to the Depositary for such Series or its nominee, and registered in the name
of such Depositary or nominee.
“Holder” means a person in
whose name a Security is registered on the Registrar’s books.
“Indenture” means this Indenture
as amended or supplemented from time to time and shall include the form and terms of particular Series of Securities established
as contemplated hereunder.
“interest” with respect to
any Discount Security which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest payable after Maturity.
“Maturity” when used with respect
to any Security, means the date on which the principal of such Security becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether
at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise.
“Officer” means the Chief Executive
Officer, President, the Chief Financial Officer, the Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary and
any Vice President of the Company.
“Officer’s Certificate”
means a certificate signed by any Officer that meets the requirements of this Indenture.
“Opinion of Counsel” means
a written opinion of legal counsel who is acceptable to the Trustee. The counsel may be an employee of or counsel to the Company. The
opinion may contain customary limitations, conditions and exceptions.
“person” means any individual,
corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, limited liability company, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization
or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.
“principal” of a Security means
the principal of the Security plus, when appropriate, the premium, if any, on, [and any Additional Amounts in respect of,] the Security.
“Responsible Officer” means
any officer of the Trustee in its Corporate Trust Office having responsibility for administration of this Indenture and also means, with
respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of his or her
knowledge of and familiarity with a particular subject.
“SEC” means the Securities
and Exchange Commission.
“Security” or “Securities”
means the debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company of any Series authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.
“Series” or “Series of
Securities” means each series of debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company created pursuant to Sections 2.1
and 2.2 hereof.
“Stated Maturity” when used
with respect to any Security, means the date specified in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or
interest is due and payable.
“Subsidiary” of any specified
person means any corporation, association or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting power of shares of Capital
Stock entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees thereof
is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of that person or
a combination thereof.
“TIA” means the Trust Indenture
Act of 1939 (15 U.S. Code §§ 77aaa-77bbbb) as in effect on the date of this Indenture; provided, however, that
in the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after such date, “TIA” means, to the extent required by any such
amendment, the Trust Indenture Act as so amended.
“Trustee” means the person
named as the “Trustee” in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such pursuant
to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Trustee” shall mean or include each person who is then a
Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such person, “Trustee” as used with respect to the Securities
of any Series shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that Series.
“U.S. Government Obligations”
means securities which are direct obligations of, or guaranteed by, the United States of America for the payment of which its full faith
and credit is pledged and which are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and shall also include a depositary
receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such U.S. Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest
on or principal of any such U.S. Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a depositary receipt,
provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the
holder of such depositary receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation evidenced by
such depositary receipt.
Section 1.2. Other Definitions.
| |
|
DEFINED IN |
| TERM |
|
SECTION |
| “Agent Member” |
|
2.14.6 |
| “Bankruptcy Law” |
|
6.1 |
| “Custodian” |
|
6.1 |
| “Event of Default” |
|
6.1 |
| “Judgment Currency” |
|
10.16 |
| “mandatory sinking fund payment” |
|
11.1 |
| “New York Banking Day” |
|
10.16 |
| “Notice Agent” |
|
2.4 |
| “optional sinking fund payment” |
|
11.1 |
| “Paying Agent” |
|
2.4 |
| “Registrar” |
|
2.4 |
| “Required Currency” |
|
10.16 |
| “Specified Courts” |
|
10.10 |
| “successor person” |
|
5.1 |
Section 1.3. Incorporation by Reference
of Trust Indenture Act.
Whenever this Indenture refers to a provision
of the TIA, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture. The following TIA terms used in this Indenture
have the following meanings:
“Commission” means the SEC.
“indenture securities” means
the Securities.
“indenture security holder”
means a Holder.
“indenture to be qualified”
means this Indenture.
“indenture trustee” or “institutional
trustee” means the Trustee.
“obligor” on the indenture
securities means the Company and any successor obligor upon the Securities.
All other terms used in this Indenture that are
defined by the TIA, defined by TIA reference to another statute or defined by SEC rule under the TIA and not otherwise defined herein
are used herein as so defined.
Section 1.4. Rules of Construction.
Unless the context otherwise requires:
(a) a term
has the meaning assigned to it;
(b) an accounting
term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with GAAP;
(c) “or”
is not exclusive;
(d) words
in the singular include the plural, and in the plural include the singular;
(e) provisions
apply to successive events and transactions;
(f) in the computation of
periods of time from a specified date to a later specified date, the word “from” means “from and including,”
and the words “to” and “until” each mean “to but excluding”; and
(g) the phrase
“in writing” as used herein shall be deemed to include PDFs, e-mails and other electronic means of transmission, unless otherwise
indicated.
ARTICLE II.
THE SECURITIES
Section 2.1. Issuable in Series.
The aggregate principal amount of Securities that
may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in one or more Series. All Securities
of a Series shall be identical except as may be set forth or determined in the manner provided in a Board Resolution, a supplemental
indenture or an Officer’s Certificate detailing the adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution.
In the case of Securities of a Series to be issued from time to time, the Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or supplemental
indenture detailing the adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution may provide for the method
by which specified terms (such as interest rate, maturity date, record date or date from which interest shall accrue) are to be determined.
Securities may differ between Series in respect of any matters, provided that all Series of Securities shall be equally and
ratably entitled to the benefits of the Indenture.
Section 2.2. Establishment of Terms of
Series of Securities.
At or prior to the issuance of any Securities
within a Series, the following shall be established (as to the Series generally, in the case of Subsection 2.2.1 and either as to
such Securities within the Series or as to the Series generally in the case of Subsections 2.2.2 through 2.2.23) by or pursuant
to a Board Resolution, and set forth or determined in the manner provided in a Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer’s
Certificate:
2.2.1. the title (which shall
distinguish the Securities of that particular Series from the Securities of any other Series) and ranking (including the terms of
any subordination provisions) of the Series;
2.2.2. the price or prices
(expressed as a percentage of the principal amount thereof) at which the Securities of the Series will be issued;
2.2.3. any limit upon the aggregate
principal amount of the Securities of the Series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities
authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the Series pursuant
to Section 2.7, 2.8, 2.11, 3.6 or 9.6);
2.2.4. the date or dates on
which the principal of the Securities of the Series is payable;
2.2.5. the rate or rates (which
may be fixed or variable) per annum or, if applicable, the method used to determine such rate or rates (including, but not limited to,
any commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index) at which the Securities of the Series shall bear interest,
if any, the date or dates from which such interest, if any, shall accrue, the date or dates on which such interest, if any, shall commence
and be payable and any regular record date for the interest payable on any interest payment date;
2.2.6. the place or places where
the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series shall be payable, where the Securities of such Series may
be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities
of such Series and this Indenture may be delivered, and the method of such payment, if by wire transfer, mail or other means;
2.2.7. if applicable, the period
or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which the Securities of the Series may be
redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company;
2.2.8. the obligation, if any,
of the Company to redeem or purchase the Securities of the Series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the
option of a Holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which
Securities of the Series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;
2.2.9. the dates, if any, on which
and the price or prices at which the Securities of the Series will be repurchased by the Company at the option of the Holders thereof
and other detailed terms and provisions of such repurchase obligations;
2.2.10. if other than denominations
of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which the Securities of the Series shall be issuable;
2.2.11. the forms of the Securities
of the Series and whether the Securities will be issuable as Global Securities;
2.2.12. if other than the principal
amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of the Securities of the Series that shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration
of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2;
2.2.13. the currency of denomination
of the Securities of the Series, which may be Dollars or any Foreign Currency, and if such currency of denomination is a composite currency,
the agency or organization, if any, responsible for overseeing such composite currency;
2.2.14. the designation of the
currency, currencies or currency units in which payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series will
be made;
2.2.15. if payments of principal
of or interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series are to be made in one or more currencies or currency units other than that
or those in which such Securities are denominated, the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to such payments will be determined;
2.2.16. the manner in which the
amounts of payment of principal of or interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series will be determined, if such amounts may
be determined by reference to an index based on a currency or currencies or by reference to a commodity, commodity index, stock exchange
index or financial index;
2.2.17. the provisions, if
any, relating to any security provided for the Securities of the Series;
2.2.18. any addition to, deletion
of or change in the Events of Default which applies to any Securities of the Series and any change in the right of the Trustee or
the requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable pursuant to Section 6.2;
2.2.19. any addition to, deletion
of or change in the covenants applicable to Securities of the Series;
2.2.20. any Depositaries, interest
rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents or other agents with respect to Securities of such Series if other than
those appointed herein;
2.2.21. the provisions, if any,
relating to conversion or exchange of any Securities of such Series, including if applicable, the conversion or exchange price, the conversion
or exchange period, provisions as to whether conversion or exchange will be mandatory, at the option of the Holders thereof or at the
option of the Company, the events requiring an adjustment of the conversion price or exchange price and provisions affecting conversion
or exchange if such Series of Securities are redeemed;
2.2.22. any other terms of the
Series (which may supplement, modify or delete any provision of this Indenture insofar as it applies to such Series), including
any terms that may be required under applicable law or regulations or advisable in connection with the marketing of Securities of that
Series; and
2.2.23. whether any of the Company’s
direct or indirect Subsidiaries will guarantee the Securities of that Series, including the terms of subordination, if any, of such guarantees.
All Securities of any one Series need
not be issued at the same time and may be issued from time to time, consistent with the terms of this Indenture, if so provided by or
pursuant to the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer’s Certificate referred to above.
Section 2.3. Execution and Authentication.
An Officer shall sign the Securities for the Company
by manual, facsimile or electronic signature.
If an Officer whose signature is on a Security
no longer holds that office at the time the Security is authenticated, the Security shall nevertheless be valid.
A Security shall not be valid until authenticated
by the manual signature of the Trustee or an authenticating agent. The signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security has been
authenticated under this Indenture.
The Trustee shall at any time, and from time to
time, authenticate Securities for original issue in the principal amount provided in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto
or Officer’s Certificate, upon receipt by the Trustee of a Company Order. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.
The aggregate principal amount of Securities of
any Series outstanding at any time may not exceed any limit upon the maximum principal amount for such Series set forth in
the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer’s Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2, except as
provided in Section 2.8.
Prior to the issuance of Securities of any Series,
the Trustee shall have received and (subject to Section 7.2) shall be fully protected in relying on: (a) the Board Resolution,
supplemental indenture hereto or Officer’s Certificate establishing the form of the Securities of that Series or of Securities
within that Series and the terms of the Securities of that Series or of Securities within that Series, (b) an Officer’s
Certificate complying with Sections 10.4 and 10.5, and (c) an Opinion of Counsel complying with Sections 10.4 and 10.5.
The Trustee shall have the right to decline to
authenticate and deliver any Securities of such Series: (a) if the Trustee, being advised by counsel, determines that such action
may not be taken lawfully; or (b) if the Trustee in good faith determines that such action may expose the Trustee to personal liability.
The Trustee may appoint an authenticating agent
acceptable to the Company to authenticate Securities. An authenticating agent may authenticate Securities whenever the Trustee may do
so. Each reference in this Indenture to authentication by the Trustee includes authentication by such agent. An authenticating agent
has the same rights as an Agent to deal with the Company or an Affiliate of the Company.
Section 2.4. Registrar, Paying Agent and
Notice Agent.
The Company shall maintain, with respect to each
Series of Securities, at the place or places specified with respect to such Series pursuant to Section 2.2, an office
or agency where Securities of such Series may be presented or surrendered for payment (“Paying Agent”), where
Securities of such Series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange (“Registrar”) and where
notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of such Series and this Indenture may be delivered (“Notice
Agent”). The Registrar shall keep a register with respect to each Series of Securities and to their transfer and exchange.
The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the name and address, and any change in the name or address, of each Registrar,
Paying Agent or Notice Agent. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required Registrar, Paying Agent or Notice Agent
or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the name and address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made
or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such
presentations, surrenders, notices and demands; provided, however, that any appointment of the Trustee as the Notice Agent
shall exclude the appointment of the Trustee or any office of the Trustee as an agent to receive the service of legal process on the
Company.
The Company may also from time to time designate
one or more co-registrars, additional paying agents or additional notice agents and may from time to time rescind such designations;
provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligations to
maintain a Registrar, Paying Agent and Notice Agent in each place so specified pursuant to Section 2.2 for Securities of any Series for
such purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in
the name or address of any such co-registrar, additional paying agent or additional notice agent. The term “Registrar”
includes any co-registrar; the term “Paying Agent” includes any additional paying agent; and the term “Notice
Agent” includes any additional notice agent. The Company or any of its Affiliates may serve as Registrar or Paying Agent.
The Company hereby appoints the Trustee the initial
Registrar, Paying Agent and Notice Agent for each Series unless another Registrar, Paying Agent or Notice Agent, as the case may
be, is appointed prior to the time Securities of that Series are first issued. The rights, powers, duties, obligations and actions
of each Agent under this Indenture are several and not joint or joint and several, and the Agents shall only be obliged to perform those
duties expressly set out in this Indenture and shall have no implied duties.
Section 2.5. Paying Agent to Hold Money
in Trust.
The Company shall require each Paying Agent other
than the Trustee to agree in writing that the Paying Agent will hold in trust, for the benefit of Holders of any Series of Securities,
or the Trustee, all money held by the Paying Agent for the payment of principal of or interest on the Series of Securities, and
will notify the Trustee in writing of any default by the Company in making any such payment. While any such default continues, the Trustee
may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. The Company at any time may require a Paying Agent to pay all
money held by it to the Trustee. Upon payment over to the Trustee, the Paying Agent (if other than the Company or a Subsidiary of the
Company) shall have no further liability for the money. If the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company acts as Paying Agent, it shall
segregate and hold in a separate trust fund for the benefit of Holders of any Series of Securities all money held by it as Paying
Agent. Upon any bankruptcy, reorganization or similar proceeding with respect to the Company, the Trustee shall serve as Paying Agent
for the Securities. For the avoidance of doubt, a Paying Agent and the Trustee shall be held harmless and have no liability with respect
to payments or disbursements (including to the Holders) until they have confirmed receipt of funds sufficient to make the relevant payment.
No money held by an Agent needs to be segregated except as is required by law.
Section 2.6. Holder Lists.
If it is serving as Registrar, the Trustee shall
preserve in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses of Holders
of each Series of Securities and shall otherwise comply with TIA § 312(a). If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Company
shall furnish to the Trustee at least ten days before each interest payment date and at such other times as the Trustee may request in
writing a list, in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of Holders of each
Series of Securities.
Every Holder, by receiving and holding Securities,
agrees with the Company and the Trustee that neither the Company nor the Trustee or any agent of either of them shall be held accountable
by reason of the disclosure of any such information as to the names and addresses of the Holders in accordance with TIA § 312, regardless
of the source from which such information was derived, and that the Trustee shall not be held accountable by reason of mailing any material
pursuant to a request made under TIA § 312(b).
Section 2.7. Transfer and Exchange.
Where Securities of a Series are presented
to the Registrar or a co-registrar with a request to register a transfer or to exchange them for an equal principal amount of Securities
of the same Series, the Registrar shall register the transfer or make the exchange if its requirements for such transactions are met.
To permit registrations of transfers and exchanges, the Trustee shall authenticate Securities at the Registrar’s request. No service
charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange (except as otherwise expressly permitted herein), but the Company may
require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable in connection therewith (other than
any such transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable upon exchanges pursuant to Sections 2.11, 3.6 or 9.6).
Neither the Company nor the Registrar shall be
required (a) to issue, register the transfer of or exchange Securities of any Series for the period beginning at the opening
of business 15 days immediately preceding the sending of a notice of redemption of Securities of that Series selected for redemption
and ending at the close of business on the day such notice is sent, (b) to register the transfer of or exchange Securities of any
Series selected, called or being called for redemption as a whole or the portion being redeemed of any such Securities selected,
called or being called for redemption in part or (c) to register the transfer of or exchange Securities of any Series between
a record date and payment date for such Series of Securities.
Section 2.8. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost
and Stolen Securities.
If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the
Trustee, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a new Security of the same Series and
of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.
If there shall be delivered to the Company and
the Trustee (i) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security and (ii) such security or
indemnity bond as may be required by each of them to hold itself and any of its agents harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the
Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute and upon receipt of a
Company Order the Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security,
a new Security of the same Series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.
In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or
stolen Security has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security,
pay such Security.
Upon the issuance of any new Security under this
Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in
relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.
Every new Security of any Series issued
pursuant to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation
of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled
to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of that Series duly issued hereunder.
The provisions of this Section are exclusive
and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed,
lost or stolen Securities.
Section 2.9. Outstanding Securities.
The Securities outstanding at any time are all
the Securities authenticated by the Trustee except for those canceled by it, those delivered to it for cancellation, those reductions
in the interest on a Global Security effected by the Trustee in accordance with the provisions hereof and those described in this Section as
not outstanding.
If a Security is replaced pursuant to Section 2.8,
it ceases to be outstanding until the Trustee receives proof satisfactory to it that the replaced Security is held by a bona fide purchaser.
If the Paying Agent (other than the Company, a
Subsidiary of the Company or an Affiliate of the Company) holds on the Maturity of Securities of a Series money sufficient to pay
such Securities payable on that date, then on and after that date such Securities of the Series cease to be outstanding and interest
on them ceases to accrue.
The Company may purchase or otherwise acquire
the Securities, whether by open market purchases, negotiated transactions or otherwise. A Security does not cease to be outstanding because
the Company or an Affiliate of the Company holds the Security (but see Section 2.10 below).
In determining whether the Holders of the requisite
principal amount of outstanding Securities have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder,
the principal amount of a Discount Security that shall be deemed to be outstanding for such purposes shall be the amount of the principal
thereof that would be due and payable as of the date of such determination upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof
pursuant to Section 6.2.
Section 2.10. Treasury Securities.
In determining whether the Holders of the required
principal amount of Securities of a Series have concurred in any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver,
Securities of a Series owned by the Company or any Affiliate of the Company shall be disregarded, except that for the purposes of
determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent
or waiver only Securities of a Series that a Responsible Officer of the Trustee knows are so owned shall be so disregarded.
Section 2.11. Temporary Securities.
Until definitive Securities are ready for delivery,
the Company may prepare and the Trustee shall authenticate temporary Securities upon a Company Order. Temporary Securities shall be substantially
in the form of definitive Securities but may have variations that the Company considers appropriate for temporary Securities. Without
unreasonable delay, the Company shall prepare and the Trustee upon receipt of a Company Order shall authenticate definitive Securities
of the same Series and date of maturity in exchange for temporary Securities. Until so exchanged, temporary securities shall have
the same rights under this Indenture as the definitive Securities.
Section 2.12. Cancellation.
The Company at any time may deliver Securities
to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar and the Paying Agent shall forward to the Trustee any Securities surrendered to them for
registration of transfer, exchange or payment. The Trustee shall cancel all Securities surrendered for transfer, exchange, payment, replacement
or cancellation and shall destroy such canceled Securities (subject to the record retention requirements of the Exchange Act and the
Trustee) and deliver a certificate of such cancellation to the Company upon written request of the Company. The Company may not issue
new Securities to replace Securities that it has paid or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.
Section 2.13. Defaulted Interest.
If the Company defaults in a payment of interest
on a Series of Securities, it shall pay the defaulted interest, plus, to the extent permitted by law, any interest payable on the
defaulted interest, to the persons who are Holders of the Series on a subsequent special record date.
The Company shall fix the record date and payment
date. At least ten days before the special record date, the Company shall send to the Trustee and to each Holder of the Series a
notice that states the special record date, the payment date and the amount of interest to be paid. The Company may pay defaulted interest
in any other lawful manner.
Section 2.14. Global Securities.
2.14.1. Terms of Securities. A Board Resolution,
a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer’s Certificate shall establish whether the Securities of a Series shall be issued
in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities and the Depositary for such Global Security or Securities.
2.14.2. Transfer and Exchange. Notwithstanding
any provisions to the contrary contained in Section 2.7 of the Indenture and in addition thereto, any Global Security shall be exchangeable
pursuant to Section 2.7 of the Indenture for Securities registered in the names of Holders other than the Depositary for such Security
or its nominee only if (i) such Depositary notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such
Global Security or if at any time such Depositary ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, and, in either case,
the Company fails to appoint a successor Depositary registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act within 90 days of such event
or (ii) the Company executes and delivers to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate to the effect that such Global Security
shall be so exchangeable. Any Global Security that is exchangeable pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be exchangeable for Securities
registered in such names as the Depositary shall direct in writing in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of
the Global Security with like tenor and terms.
Except as provided in this Section 2.14.2,
a Global Security may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary with respect to such Global Security to a nominee of such
Depositary, by a nominee of such Depositary to such Depositary or another nominee of such Depositary or by the Depositary or any such
nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such a successor Depositary.
None of the Trustee or any Agent shall have any
obligation or duty to monitor, determine or inquire as to compliance with any restrictions on transfer imposed under this Indenture or
under applicable law with respect to any transfer of any interest in any Security (including any transfers between or among Depositary
participants, members or beneficial owners in any Global Security) other than to require delivery of such certificates and other documentation
or evidence as are expressly required by, and to do so if and when expressly required by the terms of, this Indenture, and to examine
the same to determine substantial compliance as to form with the express requirements hereof.
None of the Trustee or any Agent shall have any
responsibility or obligation to any beneficial owner of a Global Security, a member of, or a participant in the Depositary or other Person
with respect to the accuracy of the records of the Depositary or its nominee or of any participant or member thereof, with respect to
any ownership interest in any Security or with respect to the delivery to any participant, member, beneficial owner or other Person (other
than the Depositary) of any notice (including any notice of optional redemption) or the payment of any amount, under or with respect
to such Security.
2.14.3. Legends. Any
Global Security issued hereunder shall bear a legend in substantially the following form:
“THIS SECURITY IS A GLOBAL SECURITY WITHIN
THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF THE DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY.
THIS SECURITY IS EXCHANGEABLE FOR SECURITIES REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A PERSON OTHER THAN THE DEPOSITARY OR ITS NOMINEE ONLY IN THE
LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE, AND MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT AS A WHOLE BY THE DEPOSITARY TO A NOMINEE OF
THE DEPOSITARY, BY A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY TO THE DEPOSITARY OR ANOTHER NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY OR BY THE DEPOSITARY OR ANY SUCH
NOMINEE TO A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF SUCH A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY.”
In addition, so long as the Depository Trust Company
(“DTC”) is the Depositary, each Global Security registered in the name of DTC or its nominee shall bear a legend in substantially
the following form:
“UNLESS THIS GLOBAL SECURITY IS PRESENTED
BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY, A NEW YORK CORPORATION (“DTC”), TO THE COMPANY OR ITS AGENT
FOR REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE OR PAYMENT, AND ANY GLOBAL SECURITY ISSUED IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF CEDE & CO. OR
IN SUCH OTHER NAME AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC (AND ANY PAYMENT IS MADE TO CEDE & CO. OR TO SUCH
OTHER ENTITY AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE
BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL INASMUCH AS THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, CEDE & CO., HAS AN INTEREST HEREIN.”
2.14.4. Acts of Holders. The Depositary,
as a Holder, may appoint agents and otherwise authorize participants to give or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent, waiver or other action which a Holder is entitled to give or take under the Indenture.
2.14.5. Payments. Notwithstanding the other
provisions of this Indenture, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.2, payment of the principal of and interest,
if any, on any Global Security shall be made to the Holder thereof.
2.14.6. Agent Members. The registered Holder
of a Security will be treated as the owner of such Security for all purposes and only registered Holders shall have rights under this
Indenture and the Securities. Members of, or participants in, the Depositary (“Agent Members”) and persons who hold
beneficial interests in a Global Security through an Agent Member shall have no rights under this Indenture with respect to any Global
Security held on their behalf by the Depositary. The Depositary may be treated by the Company, the Trustee, the Paying Agent, the Registrar
and any agent of the foregoing as the absolute owner of the Global Securities for all purposes whatsoever. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
nothing herein shall prevent the Company, the Trustee, the Paying Agent, the Registrar or any agent of the foregoing from giving effect
to any written certification, proxy or other authorization furnished by the Depositary or impair, as between the Depositary and its Agent
Members, the operation of customary practices of such Depositary governing the exercise of the rights of a Holder of a beneficial interest
in any Global Security.
Section 2.15. CUSIP Numbers.
The Company in issuing the Securities may use
“CUSIP” numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use “CUSIP” numbers in notices of redemption
as a convenience to Holders; provided that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such
numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the
other elements of identification printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or omission
of such numbers.
ARTICLE III.
REDEMPTION
Section 3.1. Notice to Trustee.
The Company may, with respect to any Series of
Securities, reserve the right to redeem and pay the Series of Securities or may covenant to redeem and pay the Series of Securities
or any part thereof prior to the Stated Maturity thereof at such time and on such terms as provided for in such Securities. If a Series of
Securities is redeemable and the Company wants or is obligated to redeem prior to the Stated Maturity thereof all or part of the Series of
Securities pursuant to the terms of such Securities, it shall notify the Trustee in writing of the redemption date and the principal
amount of the Series of Securities to be redeemed. The Company shall give the notice at least 15 days before the redemption date
(or such shorter period as may be acceptable to the Trustee).
Section 3.2. Selection of Securities to
be Redeemed.
Unless otherwise indicated for a particular Series by
a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer’s Certificate, if less than all the Securities of a Series are
to be redeemed, the Securities of the Series to be redeemed will be selected as follows: (a) if the Securities are in the form
of Global Securities, in accordance with the procedures of the Depositary, (b) if the Securities are listed on any national securities
exchange, in compliance with the requirements of the principal national securities exchange, if any, on which the Securities are listed
or (c) if not otherwise provided for under clause (a) or (b) in the manner that the Trustee deems fair and appropriate,
including by lot or other method, unless otherwise required by law or applicable stock exchange requirements, subject, in the case of
Global Securities, to the applicable rules and procedures of the Depositary. The Securities to be redeemed shall be selected from
Securities of the Series outstanding not previously called for redemption. Portions of the principal of Securities of the Series that
have denominations larger than $1,000 may be selected for redemption. Securities of the Series and portions of them it selected
for redemption shall be in amounts of $1,000 or whole multiples of $1,000 or, with respect to Securities of any Series issuable
in other denominations pursuant to Section 2.2.10, the minimum principal denomination for each Series and the authorized integral
multiples thereof. Provisions of this Indenture that apply to Securities of a Series called for redemption also apply to portions
of Securities of that Series called for redemption. Neither the Trustee nor the Paying Agent shall be liable for any selection made
by it in accordance with this paragraph (including the procedures of the Depositary).
Section 3.3. Notice of Redemption.
Unless otherwise indicated for a particular Series by
Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer’s Certificate, at least 15 days but not more than 60 days before
a redemption date, the Company shall send or cause to be sent by first-class mail or electronically, in accordance with the procedures
of the Depositary, a notice of redemption to each Holder whose Securities are to be redeemed.
The notice shall identify the Securities of the
Series to be redeemed and shall state:
(a) the redemption
date;
(b) the redemption
price;
(c) the name
and address of the Paying Agent;
(d) if any Securities are being
redeemed in part, the portion of the principal amount of such Securities to be redeemed and that, after the redemption date and upon
surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the original Security
shall be issued in the name of the Holder thereof upon cancellation of the original Security;
(e) that Securities
of the Series called for redemption must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect the redemption price;
(f) that interest on Securities
of the Series called for redemption ceases to accrue on and after the redemption date unless the Company defaults in the deposit
of the redemption price;
(g) the “CUSIP”
number, if any; and
(h) any other
information as may be required by the terms of the particular Series or the Securities of a Series being redeemed.
At the Company’s request, the Trustee shall
give the notice of redemption in the Company’s name and at its expense, provided, however, that the Company has delivered to the
Trustee, at least 10 days (unless a shorter time shall be acceptable to the Trustee) prior to the notice date, an Officer’s Certificate
requesting that the Trustee give such notice and setting forth the information to be stated in such notice and the form of such notice.
Section 3.4. Effect of Notice of Redemption.
Once notice of redemption is sent as provided
in Section 3.3, Securities of a Series called for redemption become due and payable on the redemption date and at the redemption
price. Except as otherwise provided in the supplemental indenture, Board Resolution or Officer’s Certificate for a Series, a notice
of redemption may not be conditional. Upon surrender to the Paying Agent, such Securities shall be paid at the redemption price plus
accrued interest to the redemption date.
Section 3.5. Deposit of Redemption Price.
On or before 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on
the redemption date, the Company shall deposit with the Paying Agent money sufficient to pay the redemption price of and accrued interest,
if any, on all Securities to be redeemed on that date.
Section 3.6. Securities Redeemed in Part.
Upon surrender of a Security that is redeemed
in part, the Trustee shall authenticate for the Holder a new Security of the same Series and the same maturity equal in principal
amount to the unredeemed portion of the Security surrendered.
ARTICLE IV.
COVENANTS
Section 4.1. Payment of Principal and
Interest.
The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit
of the Holders of each Series of Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities
of that Series in accordance with the terms of such Securities and this Indenture. On or before 11:00 a.m., New York City time,
on the applicable payment date, the Company shall deposit with the Paying Agent money sufficient to pay the principal of and interest,
if any, on the Securities of each Series in accordance with the terms of such Securities and this Indenture.
Section 4.2. SEC Reports.
To the extent any Securities of a Series are
outstanding, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee within 15 days after it files them with the SEC copies of the annual reports and
of the information, documents, and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the SEC may by rules and
regulations prescribe) which the Company is required to file with the SEC pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.
The Company also shall comply with the other provisions of TIA § 314(a). Reports, information and documents filed with the SEC via
the EDGAR system will be deemed to be delivered to the Trustee as of the time of such filing via EDGAR for purposes of this Section 4.2.
Delivery of reports, information and documents
to the Trustee under this Section 4.2 is for informational purposes only and the Trustee’s receipt of the foregoing shall
not constitute constructive or actual notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained therein,
including the Company’s compliance with any of the covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively
on Officer’s Certificates). All such reports, information or documents referred to in this Section 4.2 that the Company files
with the SEC via the SEC’s EDGAR system shall be deemed to be filed with the Trustee and transmitted to Holders at the time such
reports, information or documents are filed via the EDGAR system (or any successor system).
Section 4.3. Compliance Certificate.
To the extent any Securities of a Series are
outstanding, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company, an Officer’s
Certificate stating that a review of the activities of the Company and its Subsidiaries during the preceding fiscal year has been made
under the supervision of the signing Officer with a view to determining whether the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled
its obligations under this Indenture, and further stating, as to such Officer signing such certificate, that to the best of his/her knowledge
the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled each and every covenant contained in this Indenture and is not in default in
the performance or observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions hereof (or, if a Default or Event of Default shall have
occurred, describing all such Defaults or Events of Default of which the Officer may have knowledge).
Section 4.4. Stay, Extension and Usury
Laws.
The Company covenants (to the extent that it may
lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist upon, plead or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of,
any stay, extension or usury law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance
of this Indenture or the Securities; and the Company (to the extent it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage
of any such law and covenants that it will not, by resort to any such law, hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein
granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law has been enacted.
ARTICLE V.
SUCCESSORS
Section 5.1. When Company May Merge,
Etc.
The Company shall not consolidate with or merge
with or into, or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of its properties and assets to, any person (a “successor
person”) unless:
(a) the Company is the surviving
corporation or the successor person (if other than the Company) is a corporation organized and validly existing under the laws of any
U.S. domestic jurisdiction and expressly assumes by supplemental indenture the Company’s obligations on the Securities and under
this Indenture; and
(b) immediately after giving effect
to the transaction, no Default or Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing.
The Company shall deliver to the Trustee prior
to the consummation of the proposed transaction an Officer’s Certificate to the foregoing effect and an Opinion of Counsel stating
that the proposed transaction and any supplemental indenture comply with this Indenture.
Notwithstanding the above, any Subsidiary of the
Company may consolidate with, merge into or transfer all or part of its properties to the Company. Neither an Officer’s Certificate
nor an Opinion of Counsel shall be required to be delivered in connection therewith.
Section 5.2. Successor Corporation Substituted.
Upon any consolidation or merger, or any sale,
lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in accordance with Section 5.1,
the successor corporation formed by such consolidation or into or with which the Company is merged or to which such sale, lease, conveyance
or other disposition is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this
Indenture with the same effect as if such successor person has been named as the Company herein; provided, however, that
the predecessor Company in the case of a sale, conveyance or other disposition (other than a lease) shall be released from all obligations
and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.
ARTICLE VI.
DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES
Section 6.1. Events of Default.
“Event of Default,” wherever
used herein with respect to Securities of any Series, means any one of the following events, unless in the establishing Board Resolution,
supplemental indenture or Officer’s Certificate it is provided that such Series shall not have the benefit of said Event of
Default:
(a) default in the payment of any
interest on any Security of that Series when it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days
(unless the entire amount of such payment is deposited by the Company with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent prior to 11:00 a.m., New
York City time, on the 30th day of such period);
(b) default
in the payment of principal of any Security of that Series at its Maturity;
(c) default in the performance
or breach of any covenant or warranty of the Company in this Indenture (other than defaults pursuant to paragraph (a) or (b) above
or pursuant to a covenant or warranty that has been included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of a Series of Securities
other than that Series), which default continues uncured for a period of 60 days after there has been given, by registered or certified
mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding
Securities of that Series a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such
notice is a “Notice of Default” hereunder;
(d) the Company
pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law:
(i) commences
a voluntary case,
(ii) consents
to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case,
(iii) consents
to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property,
(iv) makes a
general assignment for the benefit of its creditors, or
(v) generally
is unable to pay its debts as the same become due;
(e) a court
of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that:
(i) is for relief
against the Company in an involuntary case,
(ii) appoints
a Custodian of the Company or for all or substantially all of its property, or
(iii) orders
the liquidation of the Company,
and the order or decree remains
unstayed and in effect for 60 days; or
(f) any other Event of Default
provided with respect to Securities of that Series, which is specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer’s
Certificate, in accordance with Section 2.2.18.
The term “Bankruptcy Law” means
title 11, U.S. Code or any similar Federal or State law for the relief of debtors. The term “Custodian” means any
receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.
The Company will provide the Trustee written notice
of any Default or Event of Default within 30 days of becoming aware of the occurrence of such Default or Event of Default, which notice
will describe in reasonable detail the status of such Default or Event of Default and what action the Company is taking or proposes to
take in respect thereof.
Section 6.2. Acceleration of Maturity;
Rescission and Annulment.
If an Event of Default with respect to Securities
of any Series at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing (other than an Event of Default referred to in Section 6.1(d) or
(e)) then in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that
Series may declare the principal amount (or, if any Securities of that Series are Discount Securities, such portion of the
principal amount as may be specified in the terms of such Securities) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all of the Securities
of that Series to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by Holders),
and upon any such declaration such principal amount (or specified amount) and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, shall become immediately
due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in Section 6.1(d) or (e) shall occur, the principal amount (or specified
amount) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all outstanding Securities shall ipso facto become and be immediately due
and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder.
At any time after such a declaration of acceleration
with respect to any Series has been made and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee
as hereinafter in this Article provided, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series,
by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if all Events of Default
with respect to Securities of that Series, other than the non-payment of the principal and interest, if any, of Securities of that Series which
have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived as provided in Section 6.13.
No such rescission shall affect any subsequent
Default or impair any right consequent thereon.
Section 6.3. Collection of Indebtedness
and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.
The Company covenants that if:
(a) default is made in the payment
of any interest on any Security when such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30 days,
(b) default
is made in the payment of principal of any Security at the Maturity thereof, or
(c) default is made in the deposit
of any sinking fund payment, if any, when and as due by the terms of a Security,
then, the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to
it, for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due and payable on such Securities for principal and interest
and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest on any overdue principal and any overdue interest
at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to
cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the compensation, reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee,
its agents and counsel.
If the Company fails to pay such amounts forthwith
upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute a judicial proceeding for the collection
of the sums so due and unpaid, may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree and may enforce the same against the Company
or any other obligor upon such Securities and collect the moneys adjudged or deemed to be payable in the manner provided by law out of
the property of the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities, wherever situated.
If an Event of Default with respect to any Securities
of any Series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee, subject to Article VII hereof, may in its discretion proceed to protect
and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such Series by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the
Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement
in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.
Section 6.4. Trustee May File Proofs
of Claim.
In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency,
liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial proceeding relative to the Company or
any other obligor upon the Securities or the property of the Company or of such other obligor or their creditors, the Trustee (irrespective
of whether the principal of the Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective
of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on the Company for the payment of overdue principal or interest) shall be entitled
and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise,
(a) to file and prove a claim for
the whole amount of principal and interest owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities and to file such other papers or documents as
may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the compensation, reasonable expenses,
disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel) and of the Holders allowed in such judicial proceeding, and
(b) to collect and receive any
moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same, and any custodian, receiver, assignee,
trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make
such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders,
to pay to the Trustee any amount due it for the compensation, reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents
and counsel and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.7.
Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize
the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment
or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim
of any Holder in any such proceeding.
Section 6.5. Trustee May Enforce
Claims Without Possession of Securities.
All rights of action and claims under this Indenture
or the Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Securities or the production thereof
in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of
an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for the payment of the compensation, reasonable expenses, disbursements
and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities in respect of which
such judgment has been recovered.
Section 6.6. Application of Money Collected.
Any money or property collected by the Trustee
pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the
distribution of such money or property on account of principal or interest, upon presentation of the Securities and the notation thereon
of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:
First: To the payment of all amounts due to the
Trustee under Section 7.7; and
Second: To the payment of the amounts then due
and unpaid for principal of and interest on the Securities in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected,
ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal and interest,
respectively; and
Third: To the Company.
Section 6.7. Limitation on Suits.
No Holder of any Security of any Series shall
have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver
or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless
(a) such Holder has previously
given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that Series;
(b) the Holders of not less than
25% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series shall have made written request to the Trustee to institute
proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;
(c) such Holder or Holders have
offered to the Trustee indemnity or security satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred
by the Trustee in compliance with such request;
(d) the Trustee for 60 days after
its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and
(e) no direction inconsistent with
such written request has been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the
outstanding Securities of that Series;
it being understood, intended and expressly covenanted by the Holder
of every Security with every other Holder and the Trustee that no one or more of such Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever
by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other of such Holders,
or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture,
except in the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all such Holders of the applicable Series.
Section 6.8. Unconditional Right of Holders
to Receive Principal and Interest.
Notwithstanding any other provision
in this Indenture, the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal
of and interest, if any, on such Security on the Maturity of such Security, including the Stated Maturity expressed in such Security
(or, in the case of redemption, on the redemption date) and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such rights
shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder.
Section 6.9. Restoration of Rights and
Remedies.
If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any
proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason
or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such
proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder
and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted.
Section 6.10. Rights and Remedies Cumulative.
Except as otherwise provided with respect to the
replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in Section 2.8, no right or remedy herein conferred upon
or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall,
to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing
at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not, to the extent
permitted by law, prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.
Section 6.11. Delay or Omission Not Waiver.
No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any
Holder of any Securities to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or
constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by
law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by
the Holders, as the case may be.
Section 6.12. Control by Holders.
The Holders of a majority in principal amount
of the outstanding Securities of any Series shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding
for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the Securities of
such Series, provided that
(a) such direction
shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture,
(b) the Trustee
may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction,
(c) subject
to the provisions of Section 7.1, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee in good
faith shall, by a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, determine that the proceeding so directed would involve the Trustee in personal
liability, and
(d) prior
to taking any action as directed under this Section 6.12, the Trustee shall be entitled to indemnity satisfactory to it against
the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction.
Section 6.13. Waiver of Past Defaults.
The Holders of not less than a majority in principal
amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series may on behalf of the Holders of all the Securities of such Series, by written
notice to the Trustee and the Company, waive any past Default hereunder with respect to such Series and its consequences, except
a Default in the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security of such Series (provided, however, that the Holders of
a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series may rescind an acceleration and its consequences, including
any related payment default that resulted from such acceleration). Upon any such waiver, such Default shall cease to exist, and any Event
of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend
to any subsequent or other Default or impair any right consequent thereon.
Section 6.14. Undertaking for Costs.
All parties to this Indenture agree, and each
Holder of any Security by his, her or its acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require,
in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken,
suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit,
and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, against any party litigant
in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions
of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Company, to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted
by any Holder or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series,
or to any suit instituted by any Holder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security on or after
the Maturity of such Security, including the Stated Maturity expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the redemption
date).
ARTICLE VII.
TRUSTEE
Section 7.1. Duties of Trustee.
(a) If an Event of Default has
occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture and use the same degree of
care and skill in their exercise as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of such person’s
own affairs.
(b) Except
during the continuance of an Event of Default:
(i) The Trustee need perform only
those duties that are specifically set forth in this Indenture and no others, and no implied covenants or obligations will be read into
this Indenture against the Trustee.
(ii) In the absence of bad faith
on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein,
upon Officer’s Certificates or Opinions of Counsel furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture;
however, in the case of any such Officer’s Certificates or Opinions of Counsel which by any provisions hereof are specifically
required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall examine such Officer’s Certificates and Opinions of Counsel to determine
whether or not they conform to the form requirements of this Indenture.
(c) The Trustee may not be relieved
from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act or its own willful misconduct, except that:
(i) This paragraph does not limit
the effect of paragraph (b) of this Section.
(ii) The Trustee shall not be liable
for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it is proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining
the pertinent facts.
(iii) The Trustee shall not be liable
with respect to any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it with respect to Securities of any Series in good faith in
accordance with the direction of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such Series relating
to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power
conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such Series in accordance with Section 6.12.
(d) Every provision of this Indenture that in any way
relates to the Trustee is subject to paragraph (a), (b) and (c) of this Section.
(e) The Trustee may refuse to perform
any duty or exercise any right or power unless it receives indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities which
might be incurred by it in performing such duty or exercising such right or power.
(f) The Trustee shall not be liable
for interest on any money received by it except as the Trustee may agree in writing with the Company. Money held in trust by the Trustee
need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.
(g) No provision of this Indenture
shall require the Trustee to risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties or
in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if adequate indemnity against such risk is not assured to the Trustee in its satisfaction.
(h) The Paying Agent, the Notice
Agent, the Registrar, any authenticating agent and the Trustee when acting in any other capacity hereunder shall be entitled to the protections
and immunities as are set forth in this Article VII.
(i) The rights, privileges, protections,
immunities and benefits given to the Trustee, including its right to be indemnified, are extended to, and will be enforceable by, the
Trustee in each of its capacities under this Indenture.
Section 7.2. Rights of Trustee.
(a) The Trustee may rely on and
shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any document (whether in its original or facsimile form) believed by it to
be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper person. The Trustee need not investigate any fact or matter stated in the
document.
(b) Before the Trustee acts or refrains
from acting, it may require an Officer’s Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel or both. The Trustee shall not be liable for any action
it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on such Officer’s Certificate or Opinion of Counsel.
(c) The Trustee may act through
agents and shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any agent appointed with due care. No Depositary shall be deemed
an agent of the Trustee, and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any act or omission by any Depositary.
(d) The Trustee shall not be liable
for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith which it believes to be authorized or within its rights or powers.
(e) The Trustee may consult with
counsel and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of
any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon.
(f) The Trustee shall be under no
obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders of
Securities unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses
and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction.
(g) The Trustee shall not be bound
to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice,
request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, but the Trustee,
in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit.
(h) The Trustee shall not be deemed
to have notice of any Default or Event of Default unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge thereof or unless written
notice of any event which is in fact such a default is received by a Responsible Officer at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee,
and such notice references the Securities generally or the Securities of a particular Series and this Indenture.
(i) In no event shall the Trustee
be liable to any person for special, punitive, indirect, consequential or incidental loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including
but not limited to lost profits), even if the Trustee has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage.
(j) The permissive right of the
Trustee to take the actions permitted by this Indenture shall not be construed as an obligation or duty to do so.
(k) The Trustee will not be required
to give any bond or surety in respect of the execution of this Indenture or otherwise.
Section 7.3. Individual Rights of Trustee.
The Trustee in its individual or any other capacity
may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and may otherwise deal with the Company or an Affiliate of the Company with the same rights
it would have if it were not Trustee. Any Agent may do the same with like rights. The Trustee is also subject to Sections 7.10 and 7.11.
Section 7.4. Trustee’s Disclaimer.
The Trustee makes no representation as to the validity
or adequacy of this Indenture or the Securities. The Trustee shall not be accountable for the Company’s use of the proceeds from
the Securities and shall not be responsible for any statement in the Securities other than its certificate of authentication.
Section 7.5. Notice of Defaults.
If a Default or Event of Default occurs and is
continuing with respect to the Securities of any Series and if it is known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, the Trustee shall
send to each Holder of the Securities of that Series notice of a Default or Event of Default within 90 days after it occurs or, if
later, after a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has knowledge of such Default or Event of Default. Except in the case of a Default or
Event of Default in payment of principal of or interest on any Security of any Series, the Trustee may withhold the notice if and so long
as its corporate trust committee or a committee of its Responsible Officers in good faith determines that withholding the notice is in
the interests of Holders of that Series. The Trustee will not be deemed to have notice or be charged with knowledge of any Default or
Event of Default unless written notice thereof has been received by a Responsible Officer, and such notice references the applicable Series of
Securities and this Indenture and states on its face that a Default or Event of Default has occurred.
Section 7.6. Reports by Trustee to Holders.
Within 60 days after each [[·] commencing
[·], [·]], the Trustee shall transmit by mail to all Holders, as their names and addresses appear on the register kept by
the Registrar, a brief report dated as of such anniversary date, in accordance with, and to the extent required under, TIA § 313.
A copy of each report at the time of its mailing
to Holders of any Series shall be filed with the SEC and each national securities exchange on which the Securities of that Series are
listed. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee in writing when Securities of any Series are listed on any national securities
exchange.
Section 7.7. Compensation and Indemnity.
The Company shall pay to the Trustee from time
to time compensation for its services as the Company and the Trustee shall from time to time agree upon in writing. The Trustee’s
compensation shall not be limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of an express trust. The Company shall reimburse the Trustee
upon request for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by it. Such expenses shall include the reasonable compensation and expenses
of the Trustee’s agents and counsel.
The Company shall indemnify each of the Trustee
and any predecessor Trustee (including for the cost of defending itself) against any cost, expense or liability, including taxes (other
than taxes based upon, measured by or determined by the income of the Trustee) incurred by it except as set forth in the next paragraph
in the performance of its duties under this Indenture as Trustee or Agent. The Trustee shall notify the Company promptly of any claim
for which it may seek indemnity. Failure by the Trustee to so notify the Company shall not relieve the Company of its obligations hereunder,
unless and to the extent that the Company is materially prejudiced thereby. The Company shall defend the claim and the Trustee shall cooperate
in the defense. The Trustee may have separate counsel, and the Company shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel. The
Company need not pay for any settlement made without its consent, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld. This indemnification
shall apply to officers, directors, employees, shareholders and agents of the Trustee.
The Company need not reimburse any expense or indemnify
against any loss or liability incurred by the Trustee or by any officer, director, employee, shareholder or agent of the Trustee through
willful misconduct or negligence, as determined by a final decision of a court of competent jurisdiction.
To secure the Company’s payment obligations
in this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities of any Series on all money or property held or collected by
the Trustee, except that held in trust to pay principal of and interest on particular Securities of that Series.
When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services
after an Event of Default specified in Section 6.1(d) or (e) occurs, the expenses and the compensation for the services
are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any Bankruptcy Law.
The provisions of this Section shall survive
the termination of this Indenture and the resignation or removal of the Trustee.
Section 7.8. Replacement of Trustee.
A resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment
of a successor Trustee shall become effective only upon the successor Trustee’s acceptance of appointment as provided in this Section.
The Trustee may resign with respect to the Securities
of one or more Series by so notifying the Company at least 30 days prior to the date of the proposed resignation. The Holders of
a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any Series may remove the Trustee with respect to that Series by so notifying
the Trustee and the Company. The Company may remove the Trustee with respect to Securities of one or more Series if:
(a) the Trustee
fails to comply with Section 7.10;
(b) the Trustee is adjudged a bankrupt
or an insolvent or an order for relief is entered with respect to the Trustee under any Bankruptcy Law;
(c) a Custodian
or public officer takes charge of the Trustee or its property; or
(d) the Trustee
becomes incapable of acting.
If the Trustee resigns or is removed or if a vacancy
exists in the office of Trustee for any reason, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee. Within one year after the successor
Trustee takes office, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities may appoint a successor Trustee
to replace the successor Trustee appointed by the Company.
If a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities
of any one or more Series does not take office within 60 days after the retiring Trustee resigns or is removed, the retiring Trustee,
the Company or the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the Securities of the applicable Series may petition any
court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee.
A successor Trustee shall deliver a written acceptance
of its appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the Company. Immediately after that, the retiring Trustee shall transfer all property
held by it as Trustee to the successor Trustee subject to the lien provided for in Section 7.7, the resignation or removal of the
retiring Trustee shall become effective, and the successor Trustee shall have all the rights, powers and duties of the Trustee with respect
to each Series of Securities for which it is acting as Trustee under this Indenture. A successor Trustee shall send a notice of its
succession to each Holder of each such Series. Notwithstanding replacement of the Trustee pursuant to this Section 7.8, the Company’s
obligations under Section 7.7 hereof shall continue for the benefit of the retiring Trustee with respect to expenses and liabilities
incurred by it for actions taken or omitted to be taken in accordance with its rights, powers and duties under this Indenture prior to
such replacement.
Section 7.9. Successor Trustee by Merger,
Etc.
Any organization or entity into which the Trustee
may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any organization or entity resulting from any merger, conversion or
consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any organization or entity succeeding to all or substantially all of the corporate
trust business of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided such organization or entity shall be otherwise
qualified and eligible under Section 7.10, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of
the parties hereto.
Section 7.10. Eligibility; Disqualification.
This Indenture shall always have a Trustee who
satisfies the requirements of TIA § 310(a)(1), (2) and (5). The Trustee shall always have a combined capital and surplus of
at least $25,000,000 as set forth in its most recent published annual report of condition. The Trustee shall comply with TIA § 310(b).
Section 7.11. Preferential Collection of
Claims Against Company.
The Trustee is subject to TIA § 311(a), excluding
any creditor relationship listed in TIA § 311(b). A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to TIA § 311(a) to
the extent indicated.
ARTICLE VIII.
SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE
Section 8.1. Satisfaction and Discharge
of Indenture.
This Indenture shall upon Company Order be discharged
with respect to the Securities of any Series and cease to be of further effect as to all Securities of such Series (except as
hereinafter provided in this Section 8.1), and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute instruments acknowledging
satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, when
(a) either
(i) all Securities of such Series theretofore
authenticated and delivered (other than Securities that have been destroyed, lost or stolen and that have been replaced or paid) have
been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or
(ii) all such Securities of such Series not
theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation:
(1) have become
due and payable by reason of sending a notice of redemption or otherwise,
(2) will become
due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year,
(3) have been called for redemption
or are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption
by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company, or
(4) are deemed
paid and discharged pursuant to Section 8.3, as applicable;
and the Company, in the case of (1), (2) or
(3) above, has irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust an amount of money or U.S.
Government Obligations, which amount shall be sufficient for the purpose of paying and discharging each installment of principal (including
mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments) of and interest on all the Securities of such Series on the dates such installments
of principal or interest are due;
(b) the Company
has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company; and
(c) the Company has delivered to
the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for relating
to the satisfaction and discharge contemplated by this Section have been complied with.
Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge
of this Indenture, (x) the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 7.7, (y) if money shall have been deposited
with the Trustee pursuant to clause (a) of this Section, the provisions of Sections 2.4, 2.7, 2.8, 8.2 and 8.5, and (z) the
rights, powers, trusts and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and the Company’s obligations in connection therewith shall survive.
Section 8.2. Application of Trust Funds;
Indemnification.
(a) Subject to the provisions of
Section 8.5, all money and U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.1,
8.3 or 8.4 and all money received by the Trustee in respect of U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited
with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.1, 8.3 or 8.4, shall be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions
of the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its
own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the persons entitled thereto, of the principal and interest for whose payment such
money has been deposited with or received by the Trustee or to make mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments as contemplated
by Sections 8.1, 8.3 or 8.4.
(b) The Company shall pay and shall
indemnify the Trustee (which indemnity shall survive termination of this Indenture) against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or
assessed against U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Sections 8.1, 8.3 or 8.4 or the interest
and principal received in respect of such obligations other than any payable by or on behalf of Holders.
(c) The Trustee shall deliver or
pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Order any U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations or money held
by it as provided in Sections 8.3 or 8.4 which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants
or investment bank expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are then in excess of the amount thereof which
then would have been required to be deposited for the purpose for which such U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations
or money were deposited or received. This provision shall not authorize the sale by the Trustee of any U.S. Government Obligations or
Foreign Government Obligations held under this Indenture.
Section 8.3. Legal Defeasance of Securities
of any Series.
Unless this Section 8.3 is otherwise specified,
pursuant to Section 2.2, to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged
the entire indebtedness on all the outstanding Securities of any Series on the 91st day after the date of the deposit referred to
in subparagraph (d) hereof, and the provisions of this Indenture, as it relates to such outstanding Securities of such Series, shall
no longer be in effect (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall, upon receipt of a Company Order, execute instruments acknowledging
the same), except as to:
(a) the rights of Holders of Securities
of such Series to receive, from the trust funds described in subparagraph (d) hereof, (i) payment of the principal of and
each installment of principal of and interest on the outstanding Securities of such Series on the Maturity of such principal or installment
of principal or interest and (ii) the benefit of any mandatory sinking fund payments applicable to the Securities of such Series on
the day on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and the Securities of such Series;
(b) the provisions of Sections 2.4,
2.5, 2.7, 2.8, 7.7, 8.2, 8.3, 8.5 and 8.6; and
(c) the rights, powers, trusts and
immunities of the Trustee hereunder and the Company’s obligations in connection therewith;
provided that, the following conditions shall have been satisfied:
(d) the Company shall have irrevocably
deposited or caused to be deposited (except as provided in Section 8.2(c)) with the Trustee as trust funds specifically pledged as
security for and dedicated solely to the benefit of the Holders of such Securities (i) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated
in Dollars, cash in Dollars and/or U.S. Government Obligations or (ii) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated
in a Foreign Currency (other than a composite currency), money and/or Foreign Government Obligations, which through the payment of interest
and principal in respect thereof in accordance with their terms, will provide (and without reinvestment and assuming no tax liability
will be imposed on such Trustee), not later than one day before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash, sufficient, in
the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants or investment bank expressed in a written certification
thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge each installment of principal of and interest, on and any mandatory sinking fund
payments in respect of all the Securities of such Series on the dates such installments of principal or interest and such sinking
fund payments are due;
(e) such deposit will not result
in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which the Company is
a party or by which it is bound;
(f) no Default or Event of Default
with respect to the Securities of such Series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or during the period
ending on the 91st day after such date;
(g) the Company shall have delivered
to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that (i) the Company has received from, or
there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling or (ii) since the date of execution of this Indenture, there has
been a change in the applicable Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such Opinion of Counsel shall
confirm that, the Holders of the Securities of such Series will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes
as a result of such deposit, defeasance and discharge and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amount and in the same manner
and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit, defeasance and discharge had not occurred;
(h) the Company shall have delivered
to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate stating that the deposit was not made by the Company with the intent of defeating, hindering,
delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company; and
(i) the Company shall have delivered
to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for relating
to the defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied with.
Section 8.4. Covenant Defeasance.
Unless this Section 8.4 is otherwise specified
pursuant to Section 2.2 to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, the Company may omit to comply with respect to the Securities
of any Series with any term, provision or condition set forth under Sections 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 and 5.1 and, unless otherwise specified
therein, any additional covenants specified in a supplemental indenture for such Series of Securities or a Board Resolution or an
Officer’s Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2 (and the failure to comply with any such covenants shall not constitute
a Default or Event of Default with respect to such Series under Section 6.1) and the occurrence of any event specified in a
supplemental indenture for such Series of Securities or a Board Resolution or an Officer’s Certificate delivered pursuant to
Section 2.2 and designated as an Event of Default shall not constitute a Default or Event of Default hereunder, with respect to the
Securities of such Series, but, except as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities will be unaffected thereby;
provided that the following conditions shall have been satisfied:
(a) with reference to this Section 8.4,
the Company has irrevocably deposited or caused to be irrevocably deposited (except as provided in Section 8.2(c)) with the Trustee
as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to,
the benefit of the Holders of such Securities (i) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in Dollars, cash in Dollars
and/or U.S. Government Obligations or (ii) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in a Foreign Currency (other
than a composite currency), money and/or Foreign Government Obligations, which through the payment of interest and principal in respect
thereof in accordance with their terms, will provide (and without reinvestment and assuming no tax liability will be imposed on such Trustee),
not later than one day before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized
firm of independent certified public accountants or investment bank expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee,
to pay and discharge each installment of principal (including mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments) of and interest on
all the Securities of such Series on the dates such installments of principal or interest are due;
(b) such deposit will not result
in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which the Company is
a party or by which it is bound;
(c) no Default or Event of Default
with respect to the Securities of such Series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit;
(d) the Company shall have delivered
to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the Holders of the Securities of such Series will
not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit and covenant defeasance and will be subject
to Federal income tax on the same amount and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit and
covenant defeasance had not occurred;
(e) The Company shall have delivered
to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate stating the deposit was not made by the Company with the intent of defeating, hindering,
delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company; and
(f) The Company shall have delivered
to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for
relating to the covenant defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied with.
Section 8.5. Repayment to Company.
Subject to applicable abandoned property law, the
Trustee and the Paying Agent shall pay to the Company upon request any money held by them for the payment of principal and interest that
remains unclaimed for two years. After that, Holders entitled to the money must look to the Company for payment as general creditors unless
an applicable abandoned property law designates another person.
Section 8.6. Reinstatement.
If the Trustee or the Paying Agent is unable to
apply any money deposited with respect to Securities of any Series in accordance with Section 8.1 by reason of any legal proceeding
or by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application,
the obligations of the Company under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such Series and under the Securities of such
Series shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to Section 8.1 until such time as the Trustee
or the Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such money in accordance with Section 8.1; provided, however, that if
the Company has made any payment of principal of or interest on [or any Additional Amounts with respect to] any Securities because of
the reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated to the rights of the Holders of such Securities to receive such
payment from the money or U.S. Government Obligations held by the Trustee or Paying Agent after payment in full to the Holders.
ARTICLE IX.
AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS
Section 9.1. Without Consent of Holders.
The Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement
this Indenture or the Securities of one or more Series without the consent of any Holder:
(a) to cure any ambiguity, defect
or inconsistency;
(b) to comply with Article V;
(c) to provide for uncertificated
Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities;
(d) to add guarantees with respect
to Securities of any Series or secure Securities of any Series;
(e) to surrender any of the Company’s
rights or powers under this Indenture;
(f) to add covenants or events of
default for the benefit of the holders of Securities of any Series;
(g) to comply with the applicable
procedures of the applicable depositary;
(h) to make
any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any Holder;
(i) to provide for the issuance
of and establish the form and terms and conditions of Securities of any Series as permitted by this Indenture;
(j) to evidence and provide for
the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more Series and to add to
or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts
hereunder by more than one Trustee; or
(k) to comply with requirements
of the SEC in order to effect or maintain the qualification of this Indenture under the TIA.
Section 9.2. With Consent of Holders.
Subject to Section 9.3, the Company and the
Trustee may enter into a supplemental indenture with the written consent of the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of
the outstanding Securities of each Series affected by such supplemental indenture (including consents obtained in connection with
a tender offer or exchange offer for the Securities of such Series), for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner
or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the
Holders of each such Series. Except as provided in Section 6.13, and subject to Section 9.3, the Holders of at least a majority
in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series by notice to the Trustee (including consents obtained in connection
with a tender offer or exchange offer for the Securities of such Series) may waive compliance by the Company with any provision of this
Indenture or the Securities with respect to such Series.
It shall not be necessary for the consent of the
Holders of Securities under this Section 9.2 to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture or waiver, but
it shall be sufficient if such consent approves the substance thereof. After a supplemental indenture or waiver under this section becomes
effective, the Company shall send to the Holders of Securities affected thereby, a notice briefly describing the supplemental indenture
or waiver. Any failure by the Company to send such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the
validity of any such supplemental indenture or waiver.
Section 9.3. Limitations.
Without the consent of each Holder affected, an
amendment or waiver may not:
(a) reduce
the principal amount of Securities whose Holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver;
(b) reduce the rate of or extend
the time for payment of interest (including default interest) on any Security;
(c) reduce the principal or change
the Stated Maturity of any Security or reduce the amount of, or postpone the date fixed for, the payment of any sinking fund or analogous
obligation;
(d) reduce the principal amount
of Discount Securities payable upon acceleration of the maturity thereof;
(e) waive a Default or Event of
Default in the payment of the principal of or interest, if any, on any Security (except a rescission of acceleration of the Securities
of any Series by the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such Series and a waiver
of the payment default that resulted from such acceleration);
(f) make the principal of or interest,
if any, on any Security payable in any currency other than that stated in the Security;
(g) make any change in Sections
6.8, 6.13 or 9.3 (this sentence); or
(h) waive a redemption payment with
respect to any Security, provided that such redemption is made at the Company’s option.
Section 9.4. Compliance with Trust Indenture
Act.
Every amendment to this Indenture or the Securities
of one or more Series shall be set forth in a supplemental indenture hereto that complies with the TIA as then in effect.
Section 9.5. Revocation and Effect of Consents.
Until an amendment is set forth in a supplemental
indenture or a waiver becomes effective, a consent to it by a Holder of a Security is a continuing consent by the Holder and every subsequent
Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder’s Security, even if notation
of the consent is not made on any Security. However, any such Holder or subsequent Holder may revoke the consent as to his, her or its
Security or portion of a Security if the Trustee receives the notice of revocation before the date of the supplemental indenture or the
date the waiver becomes effective.
Any amendment or waiver once effective shall bind
every Holder of each Series affected by such amendment or waiver unless it is of the type described in any of clauses (a) through
(h) of Section 9.3. In that case, the amendment or waiver shall bind each Holder of a Security who has consented to it and every
subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder’s Security.
The Company may, but shall not be obligated to,
fix a record date for the purpose of determining the Holders entitled to give their consent or take any other action described above or
required or permitted to be taken pursuant to this Indenture. If a record date is fixed, then notwithstanding the second immediately preceding
paragraph, those Persons who were Holders at such record date (or their duly designated proxies), and only those Persons, shall be entitled
to give such consent or to revoke any consent previously given or take any such action, whether or not such Persons continue to be Holders
after such record date. No such consent shall be valid or effective for more than 120 days after such record date.
Section 9.6. Notation on or Exchange of
Securities.
The Company or the Trustee may, but shall not be
obligated to, place an appropriate notation about an amendment or waiver on any Security of any Series thereafter authenticated.
The Company in exchange for Securities of that Series may issue and the Trustee shall authenticate upon receipt of a Company Order
in accordance with Section 2.3 new Securities of that Series that reflect the amendment or waiver.
Section 9.7. Trustee Protected.
In executing, or accepting the additional trusts
created by, any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of the trusts created by this Indenture,
the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, upon request, an Officer’s Certificate and/or an Opinion of Counsel complying with Sections
10.4 and 10.5 and (subject to Section 7.1) shall be fully protected in relying upon such Officer’s Certificate and/or Opinion
of Counsel. The Trustee shall sign all supplemental indentures upon delivery of such an Officer’s Certificate or Opinion of Counsel
or both, except that the Trustee need not sign any supplemental indenture that adversely affects its rights, duties, liabilities or immunities
under this Indenture.
ARTICLE X.
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 10.1. Trust Indenture Act Controls.
If any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies,
or conflicts with another provision which is required or deemed to be included in this Indenture by the TIA, such required or deemed provision
shall control.
Section 10.2. Notices.
Any notice or communication by the Company or the
Trustee to the other, or by a Holder to the Company or the Trustee, is duly given if in writing and delivered in person or mailed by first-class
mail (registered or certified, return receipt requested), email or overnight air courier guaranteeing next day delivery, to the others’
address:
if to the Company:
Sagimet Biosciences Inc.
155 Bovet Road, Suite 303
San Mateo, California 94402
Attention: Chief Executive Officer
Telephone: (650) 561-8600
with a copy to:
Goodwin Procter LLP
One Commerce Square
2005 Market St., 32nd Floor
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103
Attention: Rachael M. Bushey, Esq. and Jennifer L.
Porter, Esq.
Telephone: (445) 207-7805
if to the Trustee:
[·]
Attention: [·]
Telephone: [·]
with a copy to:
[·]
Attention: [·]
Telephone: [·]
The Company or the Trustee by notice to the other
may designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications.
Any notice or communication to a Holder shall be
sent electronically or by first-class mail or overnight air courier to his, her or its address shown on the register kept by the Registrar,
in accordance with the procedures of the Depositary. Failure to send a notice or communication to a Holder of any Series or any defect
in it shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to other Holders of that or any other Series.
If a notice or communication is sent or published
in the manner provided above, within the time prescribed, it is duly given, whether or not the Holder receives it.
If the Company sends a notice or communication
to Holders, it shall send a copy to the Trustee and each Agent at the same time.
The Trustee shall not have any duty to confirm
that the person sending any notice, instruction or other communication by electronic transmission (including by e-mail, facsimile transmission,
web portal or other electronic methods) is, in fact, a person authorized to do so. Electronic signatures believed by the Trustee to comply
with the ESIGN Act of 2000 or other applicable law (including electronic images of handwritten signatures and digital signatures provided
by DocuSign, Orbit, Adobe Sign or any other digital signature provider acceptable to the Trustee) shall be deemed original signatures
for all purposes. The Company assumes all risks arising out of the use of electronic signatures and electronic methods to send communications
to the Trustee, including without limitation the risk of the Trustee acting on an unauthorized communication, and the risk of interception
or misuse by third parties.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture
or any Security, where this Indenture or any Security provides for notice of any event (including any notice of redemption) to a Holder
of a Global Security (whether by mail or otherwise), such notice shall be sufficiently given to the Depositary for such Security (or its
designee) pursuant to the customary procedures of such Depositary.
Section 10.3. Communication by Holders
with Other Holders.
Holders of any Series may communicate pursuant
to TIA § 312(b) with other Holders of that Series or any other Series with respect to their rights under this Indenture
or the Securities of that Series or all Series. The Company, the Trustee, the Registrar and anyone else shall have the protection
of TIA § 312(c).
Section 10.4. Certificate and Opinion as
to Conditions Precedent.
Upon any request or application by the Company
to the Trustee to take any action under this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee:
(a) an Officer’s Certificate
stating that, in the opinion of the signers, all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed
action have been complied with; and
(b) an Opinion of Counsel stating
that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent have been complied with.
Section 10.5. Statements Required in Certificate
or Opinion.
Each certificate or opinion with respect to compliance
with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than a certificate provided pursuant to TIA § 314(a)(4)) shall
comply with the provisions of TIA § 314(e) and shall include:
(a) a statement that the person
making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition;
(b) a brief statement as to the
nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are
based;
(c) a statement that, in the opinion
of such person, such person has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable such person to express an informed opinion
as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and
(d) a statement as to whether or
not, in the opinion of such person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.
Section 10.6. Rules by Trustee and
Agents.
The Trustee may make reasonable rules for
action by or a meeting of Holders of one or more Series. Any Agent may make reasonable rules and set reasonable requirements for
its functions.
Section 10.7. Legal Holidays.
If a payment date for any payment made under this
Indenture is not a Business Day, payment may be made on the next succeeding Business Day, and no interest shall accrue for the intervening
period.
Section 10.8. No Recourse Against Others.
A director, officer, employee or stockholder (past
or present), as such, of the Company shall not have any liability for any obligations of the Company under the Securities or the Indenture
or for any claim based on, in respect of or by reason of such obligations or their creation. Each Holder by accepting a Security waives
and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for the issue of the Securities.
Section 10.9. Counterparts.
This Indenture may be executed in any number of
counterparts and by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and
all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement. The exchange of copies of this Indenture and of signature pages by
facsimile or electronic format (e.g., “.pdf” or “.tif”) transmission shall constitute effective execution and
delivery of this Indenture as to the parties hereto and may be used in lieu of the original Indenture for all purposes. Signatures of
the parties hereto transmitted by facsimile or electronic format (e.g., “.pdf” or “.tif”) shall be deemed to be
their original signatures for all purposes.
Unless otherwise provided herein or in any other
Securities, the words “execute”, “execution”, “signed” and “signature” and words of similar
import used in or related to any document to be signed in connection with this Indenture, any Securities or any of the transactions contemplated
hereby (including amendments, waivers, consents and other modifications) shall be deemed to include electronic signatures and the keeping
of records in electronic form, each of which shall be of the same legal effect, validity or enforceability as a manually executed signature
in ink or the use of a paper-based recordkeeping system, as applicable, to the fullest extent and as provided for in any applicable law,
including the Federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, the New York State Electronic Signatures and Records
Act and any other similar state laws based on the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act.
Section 10.10. Governing Law; Waiver of
Jury Trial; Consent to Jurisdiction.
THIS INDENTURE AND THE SECURITIES, INCLUDING
ANY CLAIM OR CONTROVERSY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THE INDENTURE OR THE SECURITIES, SHALL BE GOVERNED BY THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF
NEW YORK.
THE COMPANY, THE TRUSTEE AND THE HOLDERS (BY THEIR
ACCEPTANCE OF THE SECURITIES) EACH HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVE, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL
BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS INDENTURE, THE SECURITIES OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY OR
THEREBY.
Any legal suit, action or proceeding arising out
of or based upon this Indenture or the transactions contemplated hereby may be instituted in the federal courts of the United States of
America located in the City of New York or the courts of the State of New York in each case located in the City of New York (collectively,
the “Specified Courts”), and each party irrevocably submits to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of such courts in any
such suit, action or proceeding. Service of any process, summons, notice or document by mail (to the extent allowed under any applicable
statute or rule of court) to such party’s address set forth above shall be effective service of process for any suit, action
or other proceeding brought in any such court. The Company, the Trustee and the Holders (by their acceptance of the Securities) each hereby
irrevocably and unconditionally waive any objection to the laying of venue of any suit, action or other proceeding in the Specified Courts
and irrevocably and unconditionally waive and agree not to plead or claim any such suit, action or other proceeding has been brought in
an inconvenient forum.
Section 10.11. No Adverse Interpretation
of Other Agreements.
This Indenture may not be used to interpret another
indenture, loan or debt agreement of the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company. Any such indenture, loan or debt agreement may not be
used to interpret this Indenture.
Section 10.12. Successors.
All agreements of the Company in this Indenture
and the Securities shall bind its successor. All agreements of the Trustee in this Indenture shall bind its successor.
Section 10.13. Severability.
In case any provision in this Indenture or in the
Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not
in any way be affected or impaired thereby.
Section 10.14. Table of Contents, Headings,
Etc.
The Table of Contents, Cross Reference Table, and
headings of the Articles and Sections of this Indenture have been inserted for convenience of reference only, are not to be considered
a part hereof, and shall in no way modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions hereof.
Section 10.15. Securities in a Foreign
Currency.
Unless otherwise specified in a Board Resolution,
a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer’s Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2 of this Indenture with respect
to a particular Series of Securities, whenever for purposes of this Indenture any action may be taken by the Holders of a specified
percentage in aggregate principal amount of Securities of all Series or all Series affected by a particular action at the time
outstanding and, at such time, there are outstanding Securities of any Series which are denominated in more than one currency, then
the principal amount of Securities of such Series which shall be deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of taking such action shall
be determined by converting any such other currency into a currency that is designated upon issuance of any particular Series of
Securities. Unless otherwise specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer’s Certificate delivered
pursuant to Section 2.2 of this Indenture with respect to a particular Series of Securities, such conversion shall be at the
spot rate for the purchase of the designated currency as published in The Financial Times in the “Currency Rates” section
(or, if The Financial Times is no longer published, or if such information is no longer available in The Financial Times, such source
as may be selected in good faith by the Company) on any date of determination. The provisions of this paragraph shall apply in determining
the equivalent principal amount in respect of Securities of a Series denominated in currency other than Dollars in connection with
any action taken by Holders of Securities pursuant to the terms of this Indenture.
All decisions and determinations provided for in
the preceding paragraph shall, in the absence of manifest error, to the extent permitted by law, be conclusive for all purposes and irrevocably
binding upon the Trustee and all Holders.
Section 10.16. Judgment Currency.
The Company agrees, to the fullest extent that
it may effectively do so under applicable law, that (a) if for the purpose of obtaining judgment in any court it is necessary to
convert the sum due in respect of the principal of or interest or other amount on the Securities of any Series (the “Required
Currency”) into a currency in which a judgment will be rendered (the “Judgment Currency”), the rate of exchange
used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase in the City of New York the Required
Currency with the Judgment Currency on the day on which final unappealable judgment is entered, unless such day is not a New York Banking
Day, then the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase
in the City of New York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the New York Banking Day preceding the day on which final
unappealable judgment is entered and (b) its obligations under this Indenture to make payments in the Required Currency (i) shall
not be discharged or satisfied by any tender, any recovery pursuant to any judgment (whether or not entered in accordance with subsection
(a)), in any currency other than the Required Currency, except to the extent that such tender or recovery shall result in the actual receipt,
by the payee, of the full amount of the Required Currency expressed to be payable in respect of such payments, (ii) shall be enforceable
as an alternative or additional cause of action for the purpose of recovering in the Required Currency the amount, if any, by which such
actual receipt shall fall short of the full amount of the Required Currency so expressed to be payable, and (iii) shall not be affected
by judgment being obtained for any other sum due under this Indenture. For purposes of the foregoing, “New York Banking Day”
means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday in the City of New York on which banking institutions are authorized or required
by law, regulation or executive order to close.
Section 10.17. Force Majeure.
In no event shall the Trustee be responsible or
liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations hereunder arising out of or caused by, directly or indirectly, forces
beyond its control, including, without limitation, strikes, work stoppages, accidents, acts of war or terrorism, civil or military disturbances,
nuclear or natural catastrophes, pandemics, epidemics or other public health emergencies, or acts of God, and interruptions, loss or malfunctions
of utilities, communications or computer (software and hardware) services, it being understood that the Trustee shall use reasonable best
efforts which are consistent with accepted practices in the banking industry to resume performance as soon as practicable under the circumstances.
Section 10.18. U.S.A. Patriot Act.
The parties hereto acknowledge that in accordance
with Section 326 of the U.S.A. Patriot Act, the Trustee is required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies each
person or legal entity that establishes a relationship or opens an account with the Trustee. The parties to this Indenture agree that
they will provide the Trustee with such information as it may request in order for the Trustee to satisfy the requirements of the U.S.A.
Patriot Act.
ARTICLE XI.
SINKING FUNDS
Section 11.1. Applicability of Article.
The provisions of this Article shall be applicable
to any sinking fund for the retirement of the Securities of a Series if so provided by the terms of such Securities pursuant to Section 2.2,
except as otherwise permitted or required by any form of Security of such Series issued pursuant to this Indenture.
The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment
provided for by the terms of the Securities of any Series is herein referred to as a “mandatory sinking fund payment”
and any other amount provided for by the terms of Securities of such Series is herein referred to as an “optional sinking
fund payment.” If provided for by the terms of Securities of any Series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be
subject to reduction as provided in Section 11.2. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any
Series as provided for by the terms of the Securities of such Series.
Section 11.2. Satisfaction of Sinking Fund
Payments with Securities.
The Company may, in satisfaction of all or any
part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of any Series to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities
(1) deliver outstanding Securities of such Series to which such sinking fund payment is applicable (other than any of such Securities
previously called for mandatory sinking fund redemption) and (2) apply as credit Securities of such Series to which such sinking
fund payment is applicable and which have been repurchased by the Company or redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to
the terms of such Series of Securities (except pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund) or through the application of permitted optional
sinking fund payments or other optional redemptions pursuant to the terms of such Securities, provided that such Securities have not been
previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received by the Trustee, together with an Officer’s Certificate with respect thereto,
not later than 15 days prior to the date on which the Trustee begins the process of selecting Securities for redemption and shall be credited
for such purpose by the Trustee at the price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the
amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly. If as a result of the delivery or credit of Securities in lieu of cash
payments pursuant to this Section 11.2, the principal amount of Securities of such Series to be redeemed in order to exhaust
the aforesaid cash payment shall be less than $100,000, the Trustee need not call Securities of such Series for redemption, except
upon receipt of a Company Order that such action be taken, and such cash payment shall be held by the Trustee or a Paying Agent and applied
to the next succeeding sinking fund payment, provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent shall from time to
time upon receipt of a Company Order pay over and deliver to the Company any cash payment so being held by the Trustee or such Paying
Agent upon delivery by the Company to the Trustee of Securities of that Series purchased by the Company having an unpaid principal
amount equal to the cash payment required to be released to the Company.
Section 11.3. Redemption of Securities
for Sinking Fund.
Not less than 45 days (unless otherwise indicated
in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer’s Certificate in respect of a particular Series of Securities)
prior to each sinking fund payment date for any Series of Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officer’s
Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment for that Series pursuant to the terms of that
Series, the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied
by delivering and crediting of Securities of that Series pursuant to Section 11.2, and the optional amount, if any, to be added
in cash to the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment, and the Company shall thereupon be obligated to pay the amount therein specified.
Not less than 30 days (unless otherwise indicated in the Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or supplemental indenture in respect
of a particular Series of Securities) before each such sinking fund payment date the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking
fund payment date will be selected in the manner specified in Section 3.2, and the Company shall send or cause to be sent a notice
of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in and in accordance with
Section 3.3. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner
stated in Sections 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused
this Indenture to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.
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SAGIMET BIOSCIENCES INC. |
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By: |
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Name: |
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Its: |
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[—], as Trustee |
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By: |
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Name: |
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Its: |
Exhibit 5.1
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Goodwin
Procter llp
One Commerce Square
2005 Market Street, 32nd Floor
Philadelphia, PA 19103
gooodwinlaw.com
+1 445 207 7800
|
August
15, 2024
Sagimet Biosciences Inc.
155 Bovet Road, Suite 303
San Mateo, CA 94402
Re: Securities
Being Registered under Registration Statement on Form S-3
We have acted as counsel to you in connection
with your filing of a Registration Statement on Form S-3 (as amended or supplemented, the “Registration Statement”)
pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), relating to the offering by Sagimet Biosciences
Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), of up to $300,000,000 of any combination of (i) the Company’s Series A
common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Common Stock”), (ii) the Company’s preferred stock, par value $0.0001
per share (“Preferred Stock”), (iii) the Company’s debt securities (“Debt Securities”), (iv) warrants
to purchase Common Stock, Preferred Stock or Debt Securities (“Warrants”), (v) units comprised of Common Stock, Preferred
Stock, Debt Securities, Warrants, or Subscription Rights (as defined below) in any combination (“Units”), and (vi) subscription
rights to purchase Common Stock, Preferred Stock or Debt Securities (“Subscription Rights”). The Common Stock, Preferred
Stock, Debt Securities, Warrants, Units and Subscription Rights are sometimes referred to collectively herein as the “Securities.”
Securities may be issued in an unspecified number (with respect to Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Warrants, Units and Subscription Rights)
or in an unspecified principal amount (with respect to Debt Securities). The Registration Statement provides that the Securities may
be offered separately or together, in separate series, in amounts, at prices and on terms to be set forth in one or more prospectus supplements
(each a “Prospectus Supplement”) to the prospectus contained in the Registration Statement.
We have reviewed such documents and made such
examination of law as we have deemed appropriate to give the opinions set forth below. We have relied, without independent verification,
on certificates of public officials and, as to matters of fact material to the opinions set forth below, on certificates of officers
of the Company.
The opinions set forth below are limited to the
Delaware General Corporation Law and the law of New York.
Sagimet Biosciences Inc.
August 15, 2024
Page 2
For purposes of the opinions set forth below,
without limiting any other exceptions or qualifications set forth herein, we have assumed that (i) each of the Debt Securities,
Warrants, Units and Subscription Rights, and the indentures, warrant agreements, unit agreements, subscription rights agreements and
other agreements governing Securities offered pursuant to the Registration Statement will be governed by the internal law of New York
and (ii) after the issuance of any Securities offered pursuant to the Registration Statement, the total number of issued shares
of Common Stock or Preferred Stock, as applicable, together with the total number of shares of such stock issuable upon the exercise,
exchange, conversion or settlement, as the case may be, of any exercisable, exchangeable or convertible security (including without limitation
any Unit), as the case may be, then outstanding, will not exceed the total number of authorized shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock,
as applicable, then available for issuance under the Company’s certificate of incorporation as then in effect (the “Charter”).
For purposes of the opinions set forth below,
we refer to the following as the “Future Approval and Issuance” of Securities:
| · | with respect to any of the Securities,
(a) the approval by the Company of the amount, terms and issuance of such Securities
(the “Approval”) and (b) the issuance of such Securities in accordance with
the Approval upon the receipt by the Company of the consideration (which, in the case of
shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock, is not less than the par value of such shares)
to be paid in accordance with the Approval; |
| · | with respect to Preferred Stock,
(a) the establishment of the terms of such Preferred Stock by the Company in conformity
with the Charter and applicable law and (b) the execution, acknowledgement and filing
with the Delaware Secretary of State, and the effectiveness of, a certificate of designations
to the Charter setting forth the terms of such Preferred Stock in accordance with the Charter
and applicable law; |
| · | with respect to Debt Securities,
(a) the approval, execution and delivery of the indenture or a supplemental indenture
relating to such Securities by the Company and the trustee and/or (b) the establishment
of the terms of such Securities by the Company in conformity with the indenture or supplemental
indenture and applicable law, and (c) the execution, authentication and issuance of
such Securities in accordance with the indenture or supplemental indenture and applicable
law; and |
| · | with respect to Warrants, Units or
Subscription Rights, (a) the approval, execution and delivery by the Company and any
other parties thereto of any agreement under which such Securities are to be issued, and
(b) the establishment of the terms of such Securities and the issuance of such Securities
in conformity with those terms, the terms of any applicable agreement and applicable law. |
Sagimet Biosciences Inc.
August 15, 2024
Page 3
Based upon the foregoing, and subject to the
additional qualifications set forth below, we are of the opinion that:
1. Upon
the Future Approval and Issuance of shares of Common Stock, such shares of Common Stock will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.
2. Upon
the Future Approval and Issuance of shares of Preferred Stock, such shares of Preferred Stock will be validly issued, fully paid and
nonassessable.
3. Upon
the Future Approval and Issuance of Debt Securities, such Debt Securities will be valid and binding obligations of the Company.
4. Upon
the Future Approval and Issuance of Warrants, such Warrants will be valid and binding obligations of the Company.
5. Upon
the Future Approval and Issuance of Units, such Units will be valid and binding obligations of the Company.
6. Upon
the Future Approval and Issuance of Subscription Rights, such Subscription Rights will be valid and binding obligations of the Company.
The opinions expressed above are subject to bankruptcy,
insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and other similar laws of general application affecting the rights and remedies
of creditors and to general principles of equity.
This opinion letter and the opinions it contains
shall be interpreted in accordance with the Core Opinion Principles as published in 74 Business Lawyer 815 (Summer 2019).
We hereby consent to the inclusion of this opinion
as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement and to the references to our firm under the caption “Legal Matters” in
the Registration Statement. In giving our consent, we do not admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under
Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder.
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Very truly yours, |
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/s/ Goodwin
Procter llp |
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GOODWIN PROCTER LLP |
Exhibit 5.2
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Goodwin
Procter llp
One Commerce Square
2005 Market Street, 32nd Floor
Philadelphia, PA 19103
gooodwinlaw.com
+1 445 207 7800
|
August 15,
2024
Sagimet Biosciences Inc.
155 Bovet Road, Suite 303
San Mateo, CA 94402
Re: Securities
Registered under Registration Statement on Form S-3
We have acted as counsel
to you in connection with your filing of a Registration Statement on Form S-3 (as amended or supplemented, the “Registration
Statement”) filed on August 15, 2024 with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) pursuant to
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), relating to the registration of the offering by Sagimet Biosciences
Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), of up to $300,000,000 of any combination of securities of the types specified
therein. Reference is made to our opinion letter dated August 15, 2024 and included as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement.
We are delivering this supplemental opinion letter in connection with the sales agreement prospectus (the “Prospectus”) contained
in the Registration Statement. The Prospectus relates to the offering by the Company of up to $75,000,000 in shares (the “Shares”)
of the Company’s Series A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Common Stock”), covered by the Registration
Statement. The Shares are being offered and sold by the sales agent named in, and pursuant to, the Sales Agreement, dated August 15,
2024, by and between the Company and such sales agent.
We have reviewed such documents
and made such examination of law as we have deemed appropriate to give the opinion set forth below. We have relied, without independent
verification, on certificates of public officials and, as to matters of fact material to the opinion set forth below, on certificates
of officers of the Company.
For purposes of the opinion
set forth below, we have assumed that the Shares are issued for a price per share equal to or greater than the minimum price authorized
by the Company’s board of directors (or a duly authorized committee of the board of directors) prior to the date hereof (the “Minimum
Price”) and that no event occurs that causes the number of authorized shares of Common Stock available for issuance by the Company
to be less than the number of then unissued Shares that may be issued for the Minimum Price.
Sagimet Biosciences Inc.
August 15, 2024
Page 2
For purposes of the opinion
set forth below, we refer to the following as “Future Approval and Issuance”: (a) the approval by the Company’s
board of directors (or a duly authorized committee of the board of directors) of the issuance of the Shares (the “Approval”)
and (b) the issuance of the Shares in accordance with the Approval and the receipt by the Company of the consideration (which shall
not be less than the par value of such Shares) to be paid in accordance with the Approval.
The opinion set forth below
is limited to the Delaware General Corporation Law.
Based on the foregoing, we
are of the opinion that the Shares have been duly authorized and, upon Future Approval and Issuance, will be validly issued, fully paid
and nonassessable.
This opinion letter and the
opinions it contains shall be interpreted in accordance with the Core Opinion Principles as published in 74 Business Lawyer 815
(Summer 2019).
We hereby consent to the
filing of this opinion letter as Exhibit 5.2 to the Registration Statement and its incorporation by reference and the reference
to our firm under the caption “Legal Matters” in the Registration Statement. In giving our consent, we do not admit that
we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations
thereunder.
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Very truly yours, |
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/s/ Goodwin
Procter llp |
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GOODWIN PROCTER LLP |
Exhibit 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement
on Form S-3 of our report dated March 25, 2024 relating to the financial statements of Sagimet Biosciences Inc. appearing in
the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Sagimet Biosciences Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2023. We also consent to the reference
to us under the heading "Experts" in such Registration Statement.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
San Francisco, California
August 15, 2024
Exhibit 107
Calculation of Filing Fee Tables
Form S-3
(Form Type)
Sagimet Biosciences Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
Table 1: Newly Registered and Carry Forward
Securities
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Security Type |
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Security
Class
Title |
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Fee
Calculation
or Carry
Forward
Rule |
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Amount
Registered (1) |
|
Proposed
Maximum
Offering
Price Per
Unit (2) |
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Maximum
Aggregate
Offering
Price |
|
Fee Rate |
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Amount of
Registration
Fee |
|
Carry
Forward
Form
Type
|
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Carry
Forward
File
Number
|
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Carry
Forward
Initial
Effective
Date |
|
Filing Fee
Previously
Paid In
Connection
with Unsold
Securities to
be Carried
Forward |
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| Newly Registered Securities |
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Primary Offering of Securities: |
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| Fees to Be Paid |
|
Equity |
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Series A Common Stock,
par value $0.0001 per share (3)
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457(o) |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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| Fees to Be Paid |
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Equity |
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Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (4) |
|
457(o) |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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| Fees to Be Paid |
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Debt |
|
Debt Securities (5) |
|
457(o) |
|
— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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| Fees to Be Paid |
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Other |
|
Warrants (6) |
|
457(o) |
|
— |
|
— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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| Fees to Be Paid |
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Other |
|
Units (7) |
|
457(o) |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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| Fees to Be Paid |
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Other |
|
Subscription Rights |
|
457(o) |
|
— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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| Fees to Be Paid |
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Unallocated
(Universal)
Shelf |
|
(1) |
|
457(o) |
|
(1) |
|
— |
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$300,000,000 |
|
0.00014760 |
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$44,280 |
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| Carry Forward Securities |
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Carry
Forward
Securities |
|
— |
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— |
|
— |
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— |
|
— |
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— |
|
— |
|
— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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Total Offering Amounts |
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$300,000,000 |
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$44,280 |
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Total Fees Previously Paid |
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— |
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Total Fee Offsets |
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— |
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Net Fee Due |
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$44,280 |
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| (1) |
The amount to be registered consists of up to $300,000,000 of an indeterminate amount of Series A common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, units and/or subscription rights. There is also being registered hereunder such currently indeterminate number of (i) shares of Series A common stock or other securities of the registrant as may be issued upon conversion of, or in exchange for, convertible or exchangeable debt securities and/or preferred stock registered hereby, or (ii) shares of debt securities, Series A common stock or preferred stock as may be issued upon exercise of warrants registered hereby, as the case may be, including under any applicable antidilution provisions. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or together with other securities registered hereunder. Pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), this registration statement also covers any additional securities that may be offered or issued in connection with any stock split, stock dividend or pursuant to anti-dilution provisions of any of the securities. Separate consideration may or may not be received for securities that are issuable upon conversion, exercise or exchange of other securities. |
| (2) |
The proposed maximum offering price per security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of Form S-3 under the Securities Act. |
| (3) |
Including such indeterminate amount of Series A common stock as may be issued from time to time at indeterminate prices or upon conversion of debt securities and/or preferred stock registered hereby, or upon exercise of warrants registered hereby, as the case may be. |
| (4) |
Including such indeterminate amount of preferred stock as may be issued from time to time at indeterminate prices or upon conversion of debt securities and/or preferred stock registered hereby, or upon exercise of warrants registered hereby, as the case may be. |
| (5) |
Including such indeterminate principal amount of debt securities as may be issued from time to time at indeterminate prices or upon exercise of warrants registered hereby, as the case may be. |
| (6) |
Warrants may be sold separately or together with any of the securities registered hereby and may be exercisable for shares of Series A common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, or units registered hereby. Because the warrants will provide a right only to purchase such securities offered hereunder, no additional registration fee is required. |
| (7) |
Each unit will be issued under a unit agreement and will represent an interest in two or more securities registered pursuant to this registration statement, which may or may not be separable from one another. Because the units will provide a right only to purchase such securities offered hereunder, no additional registration fee is required. |
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